01 RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

Q. Mention different type of resources on different basis?

Basis Type of Resources Characteristics

Abiotic Resources All those things which are composed of Non-living things are called
Abiotic Resources.
On the basis of Origin For example: Rocks and Metals.
Biotic Resources The resources are obtained from biosphere and have life is known as
Biotic Resources.
For example: Human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries livestock, etc.
Renewable Resources The resources which can be renewed or replaced by physical, chemical
or mechanical process are known as Renewable Resources.
On the basis of Exhaustibility For example: Forests
Non- Renewable Resources The resources which cannot be renewed or replaced and takes millions
of years is known as Non- Renewable Resources.
For example: Petroleum, Coal, Minerals, etc.
Individual Resources The resources which are owned and managed by individuals privately
are known as Individual Resources.
For example: Private properties, vehicles, etc.
Community Resources The resources which are accessible to all the members of the
community are known as Community Resources.
For example: Public parks, Picnic spots, etc.
On the basis of Ownership
National Resources All he resources belonging to the nation are known as National
Resources. The Country has legal power to acquire even the private
property for public welfare.
For example: National Highway, National libraries, etc.
International Resources The resources which are regulated by international institutions are
known as International Resources.
The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the EEZ belong to
the open ocean and no individual country can utilize these without the
concurrence of International institution.
Potential Resources The resource which are found in a region, but not utilized.
For example: The Western states of India Rajasthan and Gujarat have
 an enormous potential for the development of Solar and Wind energy
but so far these have not been developed properly.
On the basis of the Status of Developed Resource Resource which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been
Development determined for the utilization. The development of resources depends
on technology and level of this flexibility.
Stock Materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy
human needs but human begins don’t have the appropriate
technology to access these resources are included among the stock.
Reserves Resource are the subset of the stock which can be put into use with
the help of existing technical” KNOW-LOW” but their use has not been
started. These can be used for meeting future requirements.

Q. Outline the principal characteristics of different soils in India?

Type of Soil Formation Main Content Location Characteristics

Silt formed by rivers Potash, Lime Northern Plains (Punjab, 1. It is most fertile soil and most widely spread.
during the course of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, 2. Entire Northern plain is made of this soil.
their long journey. Uttaranchal, Bihar, West 3. Classified as old alluvial (Bangar) and new
Bengal), River valleys alluvial (Khadar).
Alluvial Soil (Indus, Ganga and 4. The Bangar soil has higher concentration of
Brahmaputra), Deltas of Kankar nodules than Khadar.
Godavari, Krishna and 5. The Northern plain is most densely
coastal strips of populated region as it is most suitable for
Peninsular India. Agro-practices.
6. Crops like Sugarcane, Wheat, Paddy(rice),
other cereals and Pulses are grown.
Weathering of volcanic Rich in Lime, North-western Deccan 1. Black soil is also known as “REGUR SOIL”.
rocks (basalt) formed Iron, Potash, Plateau; valleys of 2. It is made-up of extremely fine materials i.e.
by the Deccan lava. Magnesium, Godavari, Krishna, Clayey soil.
Black Soil Alumina, Narmada and Tapi; 3. Develops deep cracks during the hot
Calcium Gujarat, MP, Andhra weathered seasons and become sticky when
Pradesh, Maharashtra wet.
and Tamil Nadu. 4. Cotton is the most suited crop in Black soil.
 Developed on Rich in Iron Eastern part of Deccan 1. Soil develops a reddish color due to rich
Crystalline Igneous and Plateau; Chhottanagpur contain of the iron in the Metamorphic rock
Red and Yellow Metamorphic rocks in Plateau; Western Ghats and Crystalline Igneous rocks.
Soil the areas of low (Kerala); Eastern Ghats 2. It appears yellow in color when the soil gets
rainfall. (Tamil Nadu). hydrated.
Formed by intense Rich in Iron Hills of Assam, Tamil 1. Laterite Soil deprived its name from the latin
leaching due to heavy Nadu, Karnataka and word ‘later’ which means bricks.
rains Kerala. 2. The Laterite Soil develops in the areas with
high temperature and heavy rainfall.
3. The Humus content in these soils is low as
most micro-organisms get destroyed due to
Laterite Soil
high temperature.
4. It is suitable for cultivation with adequate
doses of Manure and Fertilizers.
5. Soil in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and
Kerala are suitable for Cashew nuts cultivation.
6. The hilly areas of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
and Kerala are suitable for growing Coffee and
Tea.
Formed in areas with High proportion Southern Punjab, 1. Arid soil is red to brown in color. It is sandy
high temperature, of Salts Rajasthan and Northern in texture and saline in nature.
Arid Soil evaporation and lack of Gujarat. 2. In some regions the salt content is very high
moisture and humus. and common salt is obtained by evaporation.
3. After proper irrigation arid soil becomes
cultivable as has been in case of Western
Rajasthan.
Formed in areas Potash, Lime(in Hilly and Mountainous 1. Forest Soil is loamy and silty in the valley
experiences alluvial fan and areas (Himalayas). side and coarse grained in the upper slopes.
Forest Soil denudation and acidic river terraces) 2. The soil found in the lower parts of the
with low humus valleys particularly on the river terraces and
content. alluvial fans are very fertile in nature.