Green Buildings

MONEY KHANNA
PE - Energy Efficiency in Buildings, PEDA Chandigarh
GEM CP, GRIHA CP, IGBC AP, ECBC Master Trainer
Secretary - ASHRAE Chandigarh Chapter
Zonal Chair - North, Youth@ISHRAE
khannamoney@gmail.com
Why Buildings?

What is Energy Efficient Building?

Why Energy Efficient Buildings?

Some Facts –
Are you Aware?
 Impacts of
Global Warming
are already here….
Intense heat waves
Acute Water
Shortage
 India tops world in Air pollution :
Kanpur, Delhi among 15 worst cities,
Mumbai 4th most polluted megacity. The
study considered PM2.5 and PM10.

Source: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-tops-world-in-bad-air-quality-kanpur-delhi-among-top-15-mumbai-4th-most-polluted-megacity/
 Vision
Peaceful and Sustainable Earth will
give us strength for the Future!!
 We’re a country of

1.35 billion
People and still counting….
Which is equivalent to 17.74% of the
total world population
Source: http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/india-population/
 India is committed
to reduce its
Carbon intensity by 33-35% by
2030 from 2005 levels
Thought to Implement ??
Before CoronoVirus After CoronoVirus

Need to give something back to the Environment!!

See the
Environment
Around Us!!
Do you Know?
Green
Land!!
Heat Sinks to Heat Island
Green Worries…..?

 Cities face challenge of providing higher levels of

comforts to people in resource efficient ways.

 Buildings are responsible for 40 per cent of energy

use; 30 per cent of raw material use; 20 per
cent water use; and 20 per cent land use.

 But they cause 40 per cent of carbon emissions, 30

per cent of solid waste generation; and 20 per
cent of water effluents.
Changing Trends

Growth in Economy

Advancement in Technology

Emerging Lifestyles
Context of our Cities
 Delhi / NCR

http://www.flickr.com/photos/85296574@N00/189385186/sizes/o/
 Mumbai

http://www.flickr.com/photos/85296574@N00/188742872/sizes/o/in/set-72157594199106864/
 Kolkata

http://www.flickr.com/photos/85296574@N00/101301544/sizes/o/in/set-72157594199106864/
Breakdown of Energy Consumption
Energy Consumption - Breakup
Commercial Buildings Forecast
Accountability
 India’s Energy Consumption amounts to 1100
billion units of Electricity.

 One Billion sq.mt. of new Commercial

Buildings to be added by 2030.

 The average lifetime of a building is more

than 50-70 years.

 Energy Efficient Building designs &

technologies can result in energy & cost
savings of upto 30-50%.

 National Energy Savings potential of 300 Bn

until 2030.
Green Buildings
What is Green Building?

Green Building, or sustainable design, is the

practice of increasing the efficiency with
which buildings and their sites use energy,
water, and materials, and of reducing impacts on
human health and the environment for the entire
lifecycle of a building.

Efficient and Economic Use of Resources

 Green Building
A Green Building is one which uses
 Less water
 Optimizes energy efficiency
 Conserves natural resources
 Generates less waste
 Provides healthier spaces for occupants

• How do we effectively use earth’s infinite natural resources

• Sun light, Wind, organic waste
• How do we conserve earth’s finite natural resources
• Coal, Water, Virgin wood
 Benefits of Green Buildings
Buildings have a large effect on the environment, human health and the economy. The
successful adoption of Green Building development can maximize both the economic and
environmental performance of the buildings.
 Social Benefits:
Environmental Benefits:
Protect Biodiversity & ecosystems  Enhance occupant comfort & health
Improve air and water quality  Heighten aesthetic qualities
Reduce Water streams  Minimize strain on local infrastructure
Conserve natural resources  Improve overall quality of life

Economic Benefits:
Reduce operating cost
Tax incentives and subsidies for green buildings and renewable
energy concepts
Create, expand and shape markets for green product and services
Improve Occupant Productivity
Impact of Green Buildings
Green Classifications
Group Housing
Green Homes Green Data Centre
Complexes

Green Existing Green Interior

Green Factories
Buildings

Green New Buildings Green Townships Green Metro

Green Healthcare Green Campus Green Cities

Life Cycle of Green Building
 Site related parameters
 Environmentally sensitive sites must be
avoided

 Proper erosion control measures Top Soil Preserved

 Top soil preservation

 Construction of sedimentation tanks

 Temporary seeding Sedimentation tank

 Air pollution prevention

Water Spraying on
Roads
Site related parameters
 Design to maximize open space

 Reduce Impervious areas

 Storm-water management

 Design to reduce Heat Island Effect

 Site related parameters

 Design with minimum

disturbance to existing
features

Trees

Natural water bodies

 Water Efficiency
 Reduction in water during
construction
 Reduction of water usage
post occupancy

Reduce

Reuse

Recharge
Water Efficiency
Water Reduction – Post Occupancy
 Use of Low flow fixtures
 Rain water storage/ harvesting
 STP
 Use of treated water for
landscaping & flushing
 Water efficient landscaping
Use drought tolerant species
Efficient management of
irrigation system
 Water Efficiency
Water Reduction – During Construction

 Use of jute bags

 Ponding method for water curing

 Reuse of captured rain water Use of jute

bags for curing
RCC Coffer blocks
stacked in a form to
utilize water curing
by water spraying
Energy Efficiency
1. Proper building orientation
2. Efficient building envelope
 Proper shading
 Glass
 Walls
 roof
3. Efficient HVAC equipment
4. Use of Renewable energy
5. Efficient Artificial lighting Design
Materials Efficiency
 Proper waste management within
buildings
 Proper construction waste
management
 Reuse old materials
 Use materials with recycled content
 Use locally available materials
 Use Rapidly renewable materials
 Waste Management
Waste management during construction
• Waste on site to be segregated into
inert, chemical & hazardous wastes
• Chemical & hazardous wastes to be
recycled
coir rope over ducts is used
• Inert waste to be disposed off to
as an insulating material
landfills
and also adds a natural look

Waste segregation
• Different coloured bins for different
type of wastes
• Biodegradable
• Non degradable
• Recyclable
• Allocate separate space for waste
Old wood from demolition of a
collection and transfer building has been used in the new
building
Health, Well-Being & Environmental Quality

Provisions for health and well being of

construction workers:
• Safety helmets, boots, masks
• Use of safety nets appropriately
• Clean drinking water
• Medical facility
• Pucca houses for workers with basic
amenities and hygienic conditions
• Provision of toilets on construction
site
Recommended Shading Options for
EE Buildings
Shading Option 1 – Uniform
Shading Option 2 – Unique
Shading options for the Architects
 Recommended Building Materials for
ECBC/Energy Efficient/Green Buildings
Opaque Construction (Wall)

OPAQUE WALL
• The wall thickness,
materials and finishes can
be chosen based on the
heating and cooling needs
of the building. Shading wall Double Brick Wall Cavity Wall Insulated Wall Curtain Wall

ECBC Requirements for Opaque Walls

Opaque walls shall comply with either the maximum assembly
U-factor or the minimum insulation R-value .
Opaque Construction (Wall)
Building insulation
 Recommended Techniques for Wall
• Thermal performance of walls can be improved by following ways:
 Increasing Wall Thickness
 Providing Air Cavity between Walls and Hollow Masonry Blocks
 Applying Insulation on the External Surface.
 Use Fly Ash Bricks, AAC Blocks, etc. Thermal AAC
Insulated bricks Block Hollow Block
 Applying Light Colored distemper on the Exposed side of the Wall.
 Applying Solar PV on Exterior Façade of the Wall.
 Provide Hanging Garden on the East-West side of a building is beneficial in a Composite Climate.

Fly Ash
Sample U-Value Clay Brick

Calculation for
Wall for Punjab
ECBC Compliance
Various Insulation Scenarios
• Even some of the most energy efficient glass available in the
market has U-value ranging from 1.4-1.9 W/sq.m.oC.

• That means even some of the best available glass allows 3-4 times
more heat transfer as compared to a well-insulated wall.
Opaque Construction (Roof)

Roof
• It also denotes the
framing or structure
which supports that
covering.
ECBC Requirements for Opaque Roof
Roofs shall comply with either the maximum assembly U-factor
or the minimum insulation R-value.
Opaque Construction (Roof)

Roof under
deck insulation

Expanded Polyurethane/
Brick Bat Coba Polystyrene Roof over deck
Polyisocyanurate insulation
Slabs Slabs

Foam Concrete Coated Roof Green Roof

Extruded
Polystyrene Slabs
 Recommended Techniques for Roof
• Thermal performance of roof can be improved by following ways :
 Apply Insulation on Roof (Underdeck/Overdeck)
 Use light colored Roofs having high SRI (Solar Reflectance Index) value
 Covered with Highly Reflective tiles.
 Covered with Solar PV.
 Covered with Green Roof.

Broken China SRI Paint

Mosaic

Sample U-Value
Calculation for
Roof for Punjab
ECBC Compliance
Cool roof coating
Glass

Glazing Area

80-90% of the total area and

therefore the most important
part to address for achieving
energy efficiency .
SPECTRALLY SELECTIVE
COATINGS HEAT-
LOW-EMISSIVITY
Frame ABSORBING
COATINGS
TINTS
ECBC Requirements for Vertical Fenestration
Important to optimize the
overall energy efficiency of Vertical fenestration shall comply with the maximum area weighted
the window . U-factor and maximum area weighted SHGC requirements.
• Proper location, sizing,
Glazing, Frames and
shading form
• Proper location, sizing,
Glazing, Frames and
shading form
Window
 Recommended Techniques for Glass
GLAZING UPVC Window
o Single Glazing with High Performance Coating o Single Glazing
o Double Clear Glazing o Double Glazing
o Double High Performance Glazing o High Performance Single Glazing
o High Performance Double Glazing
FRAME
o UPVC Frame
o Aluminum Frame With Thermal Break

Solar Control Interior Shading Movable Louvers/ Barriers Fixed Overhangs/ Louvers
The double glazed units have superior insulation properties
compared with single glazing which help reduce solar heat gain.
Mutual shading
Energy Efficiency
Envelope measures : Typical saving potential
-Orientation : 0.5-1 %
-AAC wall : 3-8 %
-Brick wall with 75mm : 3-8 %
extruded polystyrene insulation
-High Albedo roofing material : 2-3 %
-Roof garden : 1-2 %
-Low-U glass & glazing : 6-8 %
-Thermal break : 1-2 %
-Roof insulation (Extruded Polystyrene) : 5-6 %
Recommended Techniques for Lighting

 Provide Automatic Lighting Controls

 Internal and External Lighting Controls

 Occupancy Sensors
 Daylight & Motion Sensors
 Astronomical Time Switch & Photo sensors

 Maintain Minimum LPD (Lighting Power Density)

 Separate Controls for Separate Lighting

 Recommended to use LED fixtures

 Energy Efficient Lighting Applications

An glass building will only add to the problem by further increasing the cooling
energy requirement in a hot-humid climate
Sensible building design can go long way in
reducing the cooling load to a great extent
Latest Energy Efficient HVAC Technologies

1. VRV/VRF (Variable Refrigerant Volume/ Variable Refrigerant Flow)

2. Chiller and Other Centralized Air-Conditioning Systems
3. District Cooling Systems Minimum BEE rated 3-Star
4. Radiant Cooling Systems Window/Split ACs
5. Geothermal Cooling
6. Thermal Energy Storage Maintain Minimum
7. Boilers Equipment Efficiencies
Automatic
8. Unitary Heat Pumps Controls
9. Earth Air Tunnel
10.Chilled Beams
and so on……… Provide Natural
Ventilation
 Energy Efficiency in HVAC
Equipment & Systems
 Air-Conditioning
Chiller COP:
(Higher than ECBC/ ASHRAE 90.1)
 VFD for Supply & Return Fans and pumps
 Heat recovery wheels, Economizers
 Controls & Building Management Systems
 HVAC

Chiller Efficiencies

Water Cooled Chiller

Air Cooled Chiller

Centrifugal Screw

Size of chiller COP Size of chiller COP Size of chiller COP

Less than 150 TR 2.9 Less than 150 TR 5.8 Less than 150 TR 4.7
>=150 TR < 300 TR 5.8 >=150 TR < 300 TR 5.4
Greater than equal to
150 TR 3.05 >= 300 TR 6.3 >= 300 TR 5.75
 Building Operation & Maintenance
Energy Performance Measurement
Measures: and Verification

 Provision of energy and water meters for monitoring

consumption
 Detailed commissioning of all electrical and
mechanical systems during installation on site
 Provision for a core facility management team for
conducting regular operations and maintenance
activities after installation.
 Development of fully documented O&M manual
enlisting the best practices
 Validating the energy performance of the building
post installation in line with the claims during earlier
submission.
 Renewable Energy Projects
Renewable Energy Integration!!

World’s Largest Rooftop Solar PV Power Plant

Location: Dera Beas, Amritsar
Capacity on Single Rooftop: 11.50 MW
Total Capacity: 19.5 MW
 Solar Power Plant

Location: Parliament House, New Delhi

Capacity: 80 KWp
Unique Canal Top Solar Power Plants under
Prime Minister Awarded Initiative

2.5 MW Capacity Canal Top Solar Power Plant,

Sidhwan Branch Canal (Near Doraha)
By Sam Solar Private Limited
Green Building Rating Systems
Rating Systems

1 Star to 5 Stars GEM 1 to GEM 5

Certified – Silver – Gold - Platinum Certified – Silver – Gold - Platinum

 Rating Levels

Green & Eco-Friendly Movement (GEM) Green Rating for Integrated Habitat
Assessment (GRIHA)

Leadership in Energy and

Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)
Environmental Design (LEED)
Advantages of Green Buildings

30-40% Energy savings Average 25% Water savings Extra FAR in Indian Reduced operations
cities cost by 19%

More Occupant Better market value of Promote Renewable

productivity projects energy
 Renewable Energy Projects
Renewable Energy Integration!!

World’s Largest Rooftop Solar PV Power Plant

Location: Dera Beas, Amritsar
Capacity on Single Rooftop: 11.50 MW
Total Capacity: 19.5 MW
Unique Canal Top Solar Power Plants under
Prime Minister Awarded Initiative

2.5 MW Capacity Canal Top Solar Power Plant,

Sidhwan Branch Canal (Near Doraha)
By Sam Solar Private Limited
Green Building Rating Systems
Rating Systems

1 Star to 5 Stars GEM 1 to GEM 5

Certified – Silver – Gold - Platinum Certified – Silver – Gold - Platinum

 Rating Levels

Green & Eco-Friendly Movement (GEM) Green Rating for Integrated Habitat
Assessment (GRIHA)

Leadership in Energy and

Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)
Environmental Design (LEED)
Advantages of Green Buildings

30-40% Energy savings Average 25% Water savings Extra FAR in Indian Reduced operations
cities cost by 19%

More Occupant Better market value of Promote Renewable

productivity projects energy
Case Study
Case Study – Indian Habitat Centre
Case Study – Jang-e-Azadi, Kartarpur (Punjab)
Case Study – Jang-e-Azadi, Kartarpur
S. No. Description System/Specs Used

1 Building Envelope (Wall) Cavity Wall with Fly Ash Bricks +

Styrofoam Insulation
2 Building Envelope (Roof) Heat Reflective Tiles + RCC + Lower deck
Insulation (Styrofoam) + False Ceiling
3 Building Envelope (Glass) Double Glazed Glass + UPVC Frame

4 Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) VRV System with 3.6 COP

5 Electrical Systems LED Lighting + Sensors + Transformer +

Cabling + Power Factor 0.96 minimum
6 Acoustics Auditoriums with proper Acoustic
Insulation and Sound systems
7 Metering and Monitoring BMS Systems with complete proper
metering and monitoring
Case Study – PEDA Building, Chandigarh

BEE 5 Star
Rated
Building
Case Study – HAREDA Building, Panchkula

GRIHA 5
Star Rated
Building
A Way Forward
- Do follow Integrated Design Approach (Owner, Architects & All Consultants &
Implementers).

- Follow Green Building features in Design & Construction of Every Building.

- Implementation of ECBC in Design and Construction of Upcoming Buildings in the

states as a mandatory requirement.

- Every Stakeholders (Architects/Builder/Consultants/Contractors/Engineers) should

provide extending support to make Climate Responsive / Eco-Friendly Buildings.

**** Energy Efficiency!! Green Buildings!! Climate Responsive Buildings!! ****

Futuristic Buildings ??
Futuristic Buildings ??
Futuristic Buildings ??
Futuristic Buildings!!
Futuristic Buildings ??
Let’s Learn from Past!
Let’s Learn from Past!
Objective
 Save our Planet!

Make Eco-Friendly and Environment Responsive Buildings!

Energy Efficient & Green Buildings………!!

 Set AC @24 C o

Take Pledge

Target-
To reduce the Energy Consumption.
Sustainable Practices - Goals
 Be Responsible !!

Save Earth!! Save Life!! Save Planet!!

 The Future ends with US……….

Save Earth!! Save Planet!!

Save Energy!! Save Water!! Save Waste!!
Thank You!

MONEY KHANNA
IGBC AP, GRIHA CP, GEM CP
BEE Certified ECBC Master Trainer
PE – Energy Efficiency in Buildings, PEDA, Chandigarh

Secretary – ASHRAE Chandigarh Chapter

Founding Member - IBPSA-India
Zonal Chair – North, Youth@ISHRAE
CWC Member – FSAI Chandigarh Sub-Chapter
khannamoney@gmail.com
+91 - 96800-39127