Savitribai Phule Pune University

Honours* in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Third Year of Engineering (Semester VI)

310303: Artificial Intelligence

SET A IN Sem Exam questions based on UNIT I II III

Q1. What is Artificial intelligence?

a) Putting your intelligence into Computer
b) Programming with your own intelligence
c) Making a Machine intelligent
d) Playing a Game
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Because AI is to make things work automatically through machine without using
human effort. Machine will give the result with just giving input from human. That means the
system or machine will act as per the requirement.

Q2. Which instruments are used for perceiving and acting upon the environment?
a) Sensors and Actuators
b) Sensors
c) Perceiver
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving and acting upon the
environment through the sensors and actuators.

Q3. What is meant by agent’s percept sequence?

a) Used to perceive the environment
b) Complete history of actuator
c) Complete history of perceived things
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: An agent’s percept sequence is the complete history of everything that the agent has
ever perceived.

Q4. What is Machine learning?

a) The autonomous acquisition of knowledge through the use of computer programs
b) The autonomous acquisition of knowledge through the use of manual programs
c) The selective acquisition of knowledge through the use of computer programs
d) The selective acquisition of knowledge through the use of manual programs
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Machine learning is the autonomous acquisition of knowledge through the use of
computer programs.

Q5.A correlation coefficient of 1 indicates

a)the absence of any correlation.
b)a perfect correlation.
c)a relatively small degree of correlation.
d)a relatively high degree of correlation
ANS:- b

Q6. One method of programming a computer to exhibit human intelligence is called modeling or
__________

a) cognitization
b) simulation
c) duplication
d) psychic amelioration
View Answer
Answer: b

Q7. The performance of an agent can be improved by __________

a) Perceiving
b) Observing
c) Learning
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: An agent can improve by saving the previous states on which it was earlier, hence
in future it can learn to respond in the same situation better.

Q8. External actions of the agent is selected by __________

a) Perceive
b) Performance
c) Learning
d) Actuator
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: It depends on how you want to improve and what the performance measures are.

Q9. The action of the Simple reflex agent completely depends upon __________
a) Perception history
b) Current perception
c) Learning theory
d) Utility functions
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: These agents select actions based on the current perception, ignoring the rest of the
perception history.

Q10. An expert system is a computer program that contains some of the subject-specific
knowledge of one or more human experts.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a

Q11. A heuristic is a way of trying __________

a) To discover something or an idea embedded in a program
b) To search and measure how far a node in a search tree seems to be from a goal
c) To compare two nodes in a search tree to see if one is better than the other is
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In a heuristic approach, we discover certain idea and use heuristic functions to
search for a goal and predicates to compare nodes.\

Q12. Which method is effective for escaping from local minima?

a) Updating heuristic estimate
b) Reducing heuristic estimate
c) Eliminating heuristic estimate
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Updating heuristic estimates from experience provides an effective method to
escape from local minima.

Q13. Which of the following algorithm is generally used CSP search algorithm?
a) Breadth-first search algorithm
b) Depth-first search algorithm
c) Hill-climbing search algorithm
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Provides backtrack facility.

Q14. Which search method will expand the node that is closest to the goal?
a) Best-first search
b) A* search
c) Greedy best-first search
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Because of using greedy best-first search, It will quickly lead to the solution of the
problem.

Q15. According to which of the following algorithm, a loop that continually moves in the
direction of increasing value, that is uphill.
(A). Up-Hill Search
(B). Hill-Climbing
(C). Hill algorithm
(D). Reverse-Down-Hill search
(E). None of these
MCQ Answer: b

Q16 When will the Hill-Climbing algorithm terminate?

(A). Stopping criterion met
(B). Global Min/Max is achieved
(C). No neighbour has a higher value
(D). All of these
(E). None of these
MCQ Answer: c

Q17. Which search is similar to minimax search?

a) Hill-climbing search
b) Depth-first search
c) Breadth-first search
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The minimax search is depth-first search, So at one time we just have to consider
the nodes along a single path in the tree.

Q18. Which of the following algorithm is online search algorithm?

a) Breadth-first search algorithm
b) Depth-first search algorithm
c) Hill-climbing search algorithm
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Hill-climbing search algorithm will have only current state in memory, So it is an
online search algorithm.

Q19. Which search agent operates by interleaving computation and action?

a) Offline search
b) Online search
c) Breadth-first search
d) Depth-first search
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In online search, it will first take an action and then observes the environment.

Q20. Uncertainty arises in the Wumpus world because the agent’s sensors give only
___________
a) Full & Global information
b) Partial & Global Information
c) Partial & local Information
d) Full & local information
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The Wumpus world is a grid of squares surrounded by walls, where each square
can contain agents and objects. The agent (you) always starts in the lower left corner, a square
that will be labeled [1, 1]. The agent’s task is to find the gold, return to [1, 1] and climb out of
the cave. So uncertainty is there as the agent gives partial and local information only. Global
variable are not goal specific problem solving.

Q21. What is called an exploration problem?

a) State and actions are unknown to the agent
b) State and actions are known to the agent
c) Only actions are known to agent
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Online search is a necessary idea for an exploration problem where the states and
actions are unknown to the agent.

Q22. What is not represented by using propositional logic?

a) Objects
b) Relations
c) Both Objects & Relations
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c

Q23. A Hybrid Bayesian network contains ___________

a) Both discrete and continuous variables
b) Only Discrete variables
c) Only Discontinuous variable
d) Both Discrete and Discontinuous variable
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: To specify a Hybrid network, we have to specify two new kinds of distributions:
the conditional distribution for continuous variables given discrete or continuous parents, and the
conditional distribution for a discrete variable given continuous parents.

Q24. How the bayesian network can be used to answer any query?
a) Full distribution
b) Joint distribution
c) Partial distribution
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: If a bayesian network is a representation of the joint distribution, then it can solve
any query, by summing all the relevant joint entries.

Q25. How the compactness of the bayesian network can be described?

a) Locally structured
b) Fully structured
c) Partial structure
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The compactness of the bayesian network is an example of a very general property
of a locally structured system.

Q26. A Hybrid Bayesian network contains ___________

a) Both discrete and continuous variables
b) Only Discrete variables
c) Only Discontinuous variable
d) Both Discrete and Discontinuous variable
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: To specify a Hybrid network, we have to specify two new kinds of distributions:
the conditional distribution for continuous variables given discrete or continuous parents, and the
conditional distribution for a discrete variable given continuous parents.

Q27. Which algorithm is used for solving temporal probabilistic reasoning?

a) Hill-climbing search
b) Hidden markov model
c) Depth-first search
d) Breadth-first search
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Hidden Markov model is used for solving temporal probabilistic reasoning that was
independent of transition and sensor model.
Q28. Where does the additional variables are added in HMM?
a) Temporal model
b) Reality model
c) Probability model
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Additional state variables can be added to a temporal model while staying within
the HMM framework.

Q29. Where does the Hidden Markov Model is used?

a) Speech recognition
b) Understanding of real world
c) Both Speech recognition & Understanding of real world
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a

Q30 Kalman filter estimates ____

a)time
b)state of system
c)propagation delay
d)none
Ans:- b

SET B IN Sem exam questions based on UNIT I II III

Q1. Which of the following are the applications of Expert systems?

a) Disease Diagnosis
b) Planning and Scheduling
c) Decision making
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Q2. What are the main components of the expert systems?
a) Inference Engine
b) Knowledge Base
c) Inference Engine & Knowledge Base
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Look at the general architecture of rule based expert systems
Q3. What is the rule of simple reflex agent?
a) Simple-action rule
b) Condition-action rule
c) Simple & Condition-action rule
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Simple reflex agent is based on the present condition and so it is condition action
rule.
Q4. What are the composition for agents in artificial intelligence?
a) Program
b) Architecture
c) Both Program & Architecture
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: An agent program will implement function mapping percepts to actions.

Q5. What is an ‘agent’?

a) Perceives its environment through sensors and acting upon that environment through actuators
b) Takes input from the surroundings and uses its intelligence and performs the desired
operations
c) A embedded program controlling line following robot
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving and acting upon the
environment through the sensors and actuators. Mean it takes input from its environment through
sensors, performs operation and gives output through actuators.

Q6. Performance Measures are fixed for all agents.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: As a general rule, it is better to design performance measures according to what one
actually wants in the environment, rather than according to how one thinks the agent should
behave.

Q7. In which agent does the problem generator is present?

a) Learning agent
b) Observing agent
c) Reflex agent
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Problem generator will give the suggestion to improve the output for learning
agent.

Q8. Rational agent is the one who always does the right thing.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Rational agent is the one who always does the right thing Right in a sense that it
makes the agent the most successful.

Q9. Which of the following, is a component of an expert system?

a) inference engine
b) knowledge base
c) user interface
d) all of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d

Q10. Rational agent is the one who always does the right thing.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Rational agent is the one who always does the right thing Right in a sense that it
makes the agent the most successful.

Q11. What are the main cons of hill-climbing search?

a) Terminates at local optimum & Does not find optimum solution
b) Terminates at global optimum & Does not find optimum solution
c) Does not find optimum solution & Fail to find a solution
d) Fail to find a solution
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Algorithm terminates at local optimum values, hence fails to find optimum
solution.

Q12. Stochastic hill climbing chooses at random from among the uphill moves; the probability of
selection can vary with the steepness of the uphil1 move.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Refer to the definition of variants of hill-climbing search.
Q13 Which are mathematical problems defined as a set of objects whose state must satisfy a
number of constraints or limitations.
a) Constraints Satisfaction Problems
b) Uninformed Search Problems
c) Local Search Problems
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Refer definition of CSPs.

Q14. Which of the Following problems can be modeled as CSP?

a) 8-Puzzle problem
b) 8-Queen problem
c) Map coloring problem
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: All of above problems involves constraints to be satisfied.

Q15. Which term is used for a depth-first search that chooses values for one variable at a time
and returns when a variable has no legal values left to assign.
a) Forward search
b) Backtrack search
c) Hill algorithm
d) Reverse-Down-Hill search
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Refer definition of backtracking algorithm.

Q16. Consider a problem of preparing a schedule for a class of student. What type of problem is
this?
a) Search Problem
b) Backtrack Problem
c) CSP
d) Planning Problem
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Schedule developer needs to consider all constraints on teacher as well as students.

Q17. Which is used to improve the agents performance?

a) Perceiving
b) Learning
c) Observing
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: An agent can improve its performance by storing its previous actions.

Q18. Knowledge and reasoning also play a crucial role in dealing with __________________
environment.
a) Completely Observable
b) Partially Observable
c) Neither Completely nor Partially Observable
d) Only Completely and Partially Observable
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Knowledge and reasoning could aid to reveal other factors that could complete
environment.

Q19. Hill-Climbing approach stuck for which of the following reasons?

a) Local maxima
b) Ridges
c) Plateaux
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Local maxima: a local maximum is a peak that is higher than each of its
neighbouring states, but lower than the global maximum. Ridges: Ridges result in a sequence of
local maxima that is very difficult for greedy algorithms to navigate. Plateaux: a plateau is an
area of the state space landscape where the evaluation function is flat.

Q20. There are primarily two modes for an inference engine: forward chaining and backward
chaining.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a

Q21. Which is not Familiar Connectives in First Order Logic?

a) and
b) iff
c) or
d) not
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: “not” is coming under propositional logic and is therefore not a connective.

Q22. Which is not a property of representation of knowledge?

a) Representational Verification
b) Representational Adequacy
c) Inferential Adequacy
d) Inferential Efficiency
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: There is nothing to go for Representational verification; the verification comes
under Representational adequacy.

Q23. In a backward chaining system you start with the initial facts, and keep using the rules to
draw new conclusions (or take certain actions) given those facts.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Refer the definition of backward chaining.

Q24. Which is created by using single propositional symbol?

a) Complex sentences
b) Atomic sentences
c) Composition sentences
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Atomic sentences are indivisible syntactic elements consisting of single
propositional symbol.

Q25. How many proposition symbols are there in artificial intelligence?

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The two proposition symbols are true and false.

Q26. First Order Logic is also known as ___________

a) First Order Predicate Calculus
b) Quantification Theory
c) Lower Order Calculus
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d

Q27. How many logical connectives are there in artificial intelligence?

a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The five logical symbols are negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication and bi
conditional.
Q28. Which is used to compute the truth of any sentence?
a) Semantics of propositional logic
b) Alpha-beta pruning
c) First-order logic
d) Both Semantics of propositional logic & Alpha-beta pruning
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Because the meaning of the sentences is really needed to compute the truth.

Q29. What is the main task of a problem-solving agent?

a) Solve the given problem and reach to goal
b) To find out which sequence of action will get it to the goal state
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The problem-solving agents are one of the goal-based agents.

Q30. What is state space?

a) The whole problem
b) Your Definition to a problem
c) Problem you design
d) Representing your problem with variable and parameter
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Because state space is mostly concerned with a problem, when you try to solve a
problem
Extra questions

2. What are Semantic Networks?

a) A way of representing knowledge
b) Data Structure
c) Data Type
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
4. A semantic network is used when one has knowledge that is best understood as a set of
concepts that are related to one another.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
8. What is Synonymy relation?
a) A is part of B
b) A denotes same as B
c) A is a kind of B
d) A is superordinate of B
View Answer
Answer: b

8. The basic inference mechanism in semantic network is to follow the links between the nodes.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Q4. Semantic Network represents _____________
a) Syntactic relation between concepts
b) Semantic relations between concepts
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
1. What is the other name of informed search strategy?
a) Simple search
b) Heuristic search
c) Online search
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A key point of informed search strategy is heuristic function, So it is called as
heuristic function.
2. How many types of informed search method are in artificial intelligence?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The four types of informed search method are best-first search, Greedy best-first
search, A* search and memory bounded heuristic search.
3. Which search uses the problem specific knowledge beyond the definition of the problem?
a) Informed search
b) Depth-first search
c) Breadth-first search
d) Uninformed search
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Informed search can solve the problem beyond the function definition, So does it
can find the solution more efficiently.

Q4. Who is the “father” of artificial intelligence?

a) Fisher Ada
b) John McCarthy
c) Allen Newell
d) Alan Turning
View Answer
Answer: b

Q14. In which agent does the problem generator is present?

a) Learning agent
b) Observing agent
c) Reflex agent
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Problem generator will give the suggestion to improve the output for learning
agent.
Q10. Rational agent is the one who always does the right thing.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Rational agent is the one who always does the right thing Right in a sense that it
makes the agent the most successful.

Q26. A search algorithm takes ____________ as an input and returns ________ as an output.
a) Input, output
b) Problem, solution
c) Solution, problem
d) Parameters, sequence of actions
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A search algorithm takes input as a problem and returns a solution to the problem
as an output.
Q27. A problem in a search space is defined by one of these state.
a) Initial state
b) Last state
c) Intermediate state
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A problem has four components initial state, goal test, set of actions, path cost.
Q28. The process of removing detail from a given state representation is called ______
a) Extraction
b) Abstraction
c) Information Retrieval
d) Mining of data
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The process of removing detail from a representation is called abstraction.

Q29. Which is the best way to go for Game playing problem?

a) Linear approach
b) Heuristic approach (Some knowledge is stored)
c) Random approach
d) An Optimal approach
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: We use a Heuristic approach, as it will find out brute force computation, looking at
hundreds of thousands of positions. e.g Chess competition between Human and AI based
Computer.
Q30. A semantic network is used when one has knowledge that is best understood as a set of
concepts that are related to one another.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a