TOURISM IS A GOOD BOOK ABOUT HISTORY….

WHAT IS TOURISM?

Tourism encompasses all activities related to travelling and exploring

new places for education, pleasure, business, or other reasons. Although
the term is sometimes used to refer only to foreign travel, it is widely
understood to include a trip within one's own country or region. Tourism
has become a significant source of income for many countries and an
essential part of global economies. The tourism industry employs
millions of people around the globe. Some work in tourism directly, such as
tour guides and hotel staff, while others work in related industries, such as
the airline and cruise ship industries.

Studying the history of tourism is vital because it provides an

understanding of the industry from pre-historic times to the current times;
it also helps in understanding its future.

THE HISTORY OF TOURISM

The history of tourism is rich and extensive and has undergone many
changes and evolutions. For thousands of years, people have been moving
from place to place for one reason or another, whether for seasonal work or
just a change of scenery. During pre-historic times, the model of tourists
was more inclined to search for food and safety. People travelled to other
places in times of drought and famine to look for food. Additionally, during
times of war, people would relocate to safer areas. As time progressed,
people started travelling for leisure. However, it is hard to know when
people began to travel for pleasure. Therefore, the history of hospitality and
tourism did not start with pleasure.

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Ancient Tourism

There are records of travel in the ancient world. For example, Chinese
travellers can be traced back to 5,300 BC. These people travelled miles and
visited places like the Yellow Mountains and the Great Wall of China.
Herodotus of Halicarnassus is considered the father of tourism. He is
famous for his books The History of Herodotus and The Persian Wars, in
which he describes the famous ancient monuments and his travels around
the world. He mentions all seven of the ancient wonders of the world,
which include:

 The Temple of Artemis: It was dedicated to the Greek goddess of

fertility, the moon, and the hunt. It was in the ancient city of
Ephesus in modern-day Turkey.

 The Hanging Gardens of Babylon: They were a set of gardens

built on the side of the Euphrates River gorge in Babylon,
Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq). People believed the gardens were
built to please King Nebuchadnezzar's wife, Queen Amytis of Media.
However, they may not have existed.

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 The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus: This was an immense tomb
for the Persian King Mausolus, ruler of the city of Halicarnassus, and
his wife Artemisia II of Caria. The tomb was likened to a 'Wonder'
because it defied people's expectations of what a grave should look
like.

 The Colossus of Rhodes: It was built to celebrate the power of the

city's patron god and to promote the city as a tourist destination.

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 The Statue of Zeus at Olympia: It was a giant statue of the Greek
god Zeus and was built out of gold and ivory, decorated with jewels,
and located in the Temple of Zeus at Olympia in Greece.

 The Great Pyramid of Giza: The complex is one of the oldest and
most famous archaeological sites in the world and is the only one of
the seven wonders that survive today.

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  The Lighthouse of Alexandria: Also known as the Pharos of
Alexandria, this was a lighthouse built in Alexandria. The Pharos of
Alexandria was one of the tallest buildings in the world for many
years. It was constructed from a combination of marble, stone, and
sandstone, making it very expensive to build.

The Ancient wonders were some of the most impressive buildings in the
ancient world. Travel was extremely popular in the Roman Empire. This
was due mainly to the network of roads they built. These roads were so
extensive that they would extend from one end of the empire to another
and connect Rome with other major cities and settlements. The fact that
these roads were accessible to all travellers made it possible for many
people to visit various places.

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Medieval and Renaissance Tourism

Pilgrimages have been a part of human culture for thousands of years, but
few periods saw them flourish as much as the Middle Ages. There was also
a growing belief that a pilgrimage would bring spiritual blessings. And
while some made these journeys out of necessity, others saw it as an
opportunity to travel and earn money. The trip was often just as crucial for
early tourists as the destination. On the way, adventurers frequently
stopped at inns and taverns to rest and replenish their supplies. Therefore,
there existed a network of inns and taverns to support pilgrims.

Few tourists are as famous as the merchant Marco Polo, who explored the
Orient in the 13th century. Because of the sheer scale of his journey and the
meticulous detail of his accounts, Marco Polo's travelogue has become the
go-to source for anyone interested in the Middle Ages in Asia. The
merchant Polo was such an inspiring figure that many Europeans were
eager to follow in his footsteps. One of his travels to China lasted for 24
years, during which he encountered all sorts of conditions, including
aridity.

According to some historians, Cyriacus of Ancona is considered one of

the first true leisure tourists. He had a fascinating journey and was one of
the first Europeans to visit the Middle East, India, and China. In the 15th
century, he searched for ancient ruins in the Mediterranean world. He
travelled to these places on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, which he could not
finish due to the outbreak of the Black Death.

Early Modern Tourism

It is widely accepted that the modern-day tourism industry originates in

the European Grand Tour. The Grand Tour was a journey made by
upper-class European tourists. It was a journey of discovery and adventure,
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undertaken to broaden the traveller’s horizons and make new friends.
Reinforcing status and upper-class position through participation in the
social and cultural activities of the destination was also an aspect of the
Tour. Italy and France were the most popular destinations for this
excursion, but travellers also visited other European countries, the Middle
East, North Africa, and India. It was almost obligatory for young men from
the wealthier classes to go on a Grand Tour as part of their education. They
were expected to travel and "expand" their knowledge, bringing back an
appreciation of art and architecture and an understanding of different
cultures and customs.

ROLE OF HISTORY IN TOURISM

Tourism has developed into a significant international economic

industry. As it has developed it has also & become most
specialized, with vertical and horizontal company union s creating
different scales of operation in various market segments. The
growth in Historical existence advances in industry development
and the growing flexibility in inclusive impacts, planning and
management  to  tourism  have  all  contributed to the
present structure and c h a r ac t er i s t i c s o f t ou r i s m i n d u s t r y . A s
t h e p r o m i n en c e o f i n d u s t r y   h a s   i n c r e a s e d ,   t h e concentration
given to it by system of government administration both the
public and private sectors, and academic tourism has not been known
as an worldwide trade and industry activity of local importance.

 
This essay examines issues arising from the development and structure of
the History of tourism industry. It also describes qualitative and

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quantitative research methodologies associated with the role of history in
tourism industry. For those engaged in the industry, the structure,
constituent activities, and environment within which they work partaken
an institution to a complex and multifaceted industry of tourism aims to
provide a broad awareness to the industry and encourage further study and
stimulate interest in these fields. It requires input of an economic, social,
cultural, and environmental nature it also discusses:
1. What is the Historical development of Tourism?

2. What are the significant effects of the History in Tourism?

3. How can the History develop the Tourism Industry?

4. How does the Tourism Industry in the Past differ from the
Tourism industry at present?

What is the Historical Development of Tourism?

Silva (2006) defines the History of tourism as the word travel related
to the French word travail, which means “work.” Around ancient history,
travel is a great deal of work that is required in terms of time and effort to
make a journey for the purpose of survival rather than pleasure. While
Cook et al. (2010) examines that travel begins to occur out of sense of
“Adventure and Curiosity.” The story of travel and tourism essentially
mirrors the advance of mankind. As human beings evolved and
transportation and technology improved, people expressed further to
experience new things.

As cited from the studies of Personal, Social and Humanities

Education Section Education Bureau (2009) they pointed out the brief
summary of Historical development of Tourism in Roman Empire Period
during that time travel have already been develop for military, trade and
political reason, as well as for communication of memorandums from the
dominant to its aloof domains. Travel was also necessary for the artists and
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architects imported to design and construct the great palaces and tombs.
During this era accommodation and food services are essential. For Middle
Age Period travelling for religious regions have growth since then where it
had become organize for people to travel for pilgrims to visit their “holy
land”, such as Muslims to Mecca, and Christians to Jerusalem and Rome.
In 16th Century trade and commerce had risen up its growth and
development that broaden their own experience and knowledge. Up to the
17th Century people tent to travel for the purpose of civilizing and knowing
many things in this world to widen up their knowledge. This was known as
the Grand Tour, which became a necessary part of the training of future
administrators and political leaders. For Industrial Revolution Period
where we are living as of now this development had created the mass
tourism. This period turned most people away from basic agriculture into
the town / factory and urban way of life. As a result, there was a rapid
growth of the wealth and education level of the middle class, as well as an
increase of leisure time and a demand for holiday tourism activities. At that
time, travel for health became most prominence. Into19th-20th Centuries
tourism had impacts on social and technological as it changes to a new
tourism. Great advances in science and technology made possible the
invention of rapid, safe and relatively cheap forms of transport which made
travel much easier today than in earlier times. Foregoing few existences of
1980s business and leisure travel prolonged very rapidly were it has called
the boom years. In 1990s the industry faces high operational costs,
including wage, oil prices, handling fee of Central Reservation System
somewhere a new development brings benefits to us as ticketing travelling
in airlines. The advance in technology also allows the airlines and other
travel suppliers to sell directly to travellers through the Internet where they
can now log on to the Internet easily reach for travel information, book a
simple ticket or hotel room through their personal computer at home.

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 The Interaction between tourism and indigenous history had
provided a new source of fieldwork for the development of Tourism
Industry. Lickorish (1997, pp.10) History is a study of Tourism, not simply
because there maybe lessons to learn but rather because the seeds of future
growth are to be found in the past. The progress in technology allows the
development of tourism into indigenous era where we find our findings in
easier way. Without the past tourism industry are not meant to be develop
as it is now we may now be out of nowhere in this world. These
developments have given us an opportunity to have what we have now.
Only by knowing the relevant past can we probably comprehend the
present and deal wisely with possible futures which we learn from and
then, possibly, succeed in future.

What are the significant effects of History and Tourism?

Tourism is not only the world’s largest trade, but a phenomenon of a

great social as well as economic importance. It is a mass movement of
people impacting on a large number of destinations visited and many
services trades, with major consequences. Chawla (2006) specified tourism
as mostly appreciated in terms of economic impacts, jobs and taxes. But
the range of impact from tourism is wide-ranging. It is often sways areas
beyond those commonly connected with tourism. Those who apprehend
the potential impacts of tourism can integrate this industry in to their
community in most optimistic way. The impacts of tourism can be sorted
into seven general categories economic, environmental, social and cultural,
crowding and congestion, services, taxes, community attitude.

The impacts of tourism have been historically the most researched

area of tourism. And Economic Impact has been most researched among
the other types of impacts. As Mason (2008, pp.45) indicates the study of

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(Lickorish, 1994) the economic impacts of tourism are commonly
considered as positive effects contribution to foreign exchange earnings,
contribution to government revenues, generation of employment,
contribution to regional development however negative consequences of
tourism include inflation, opportunity costs, overdependence on tourism.
This was found to be true as (Lickorish, 1997, pp.64) on the other hand
emphasizing the economic impacts of tourism as the balance of payments
as one of the economic impacts of tourism. Balance of payments accounts
must balance the either the transfer to or form reserves or by external
borrowing. Tourism and foreign exchange earnings from tourism are the
receipts of non-domestic currency earned by selling goods and services to
foreign tourist which include the multiplier analysis used to estimate the
ongoing impact of tourist expenditures in the economy.

On the other hand Chawla believe that in developing an industry it

has to meet some requirement to maximize the selected positive impacts
while minimizing the potential negative impacts. The positive impacts of
economic contributes to income and standard living, improves local
economy, increases investments, development, and infrastructure
spending, increases tax revenues, improves public utilities infrastructure,
improves transport infrastructure, increase opportunities for shopping,
economic impact and it creates new business opportunities. Whereas the
negative impacts increases price goods and services, price of land and
housing, cot of living, potential for imported labour, cost of additional
infrastructure, increase in road maintenance and transportation system
costs, seasonal tourism creates high-risk under or employment issues,
completion with land with other economic uses, profits may be exported by
non-local workers, jobs may pay low wages. As tourism grows considering
the economic impacts of tourism, it is essential to understand that tourism
business often include an employment, businesses, and community.

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 Each category comprises its positive and negative impacts in the
extremes tourism that has subsidizes to a wide range of issues many of
which seem insignificant but diminish from the quality of life. Not all
impacts are relevant to every community because conditions or resources
differ. Tourism is often seen as the solution toward economic hardship
rather than a diversification of the local economy. Community and Tourism
leaders must balance an array of impacts that may either advance or
negatively affect communities and their inhabitants. Despite these
economic and socio-cultural differences from impacts of tourism there is
still a growing concern that these social preferences and prejudices some
inter-cultural conflict may help to develop the tourism industry.

How can the History develop the Tourism Industry?

The main objective of this essay is to aim how history can develop the
tourism industry with the documentation of tourism history. It provides a
brief context to studying tourism history and explains why it serves as a
useful concept to assess the study of the process of a tourist destination’s
development. Chatkaewnapanon (2011) testified in his thesis an
understanding of the comprehensive relationship concerning history and
tourism is important to make sense of the tourism history approach.
Therefore, this essay includes the fundamentally historical perspective with
tourism studies by seeking to understand the role of tourism as significant
events or a cause of the history, the role of tourism to historical writing
needs to be discussed.

Conferring to Pearce (1989) he stated tourist development can be

classified in different way of viewed from the several perspectives but
essential term expressing two basic conceptions tourism and development
hence the interrelationships between the two is set to scene the discussions
of tourist development that had been made between the body of literature

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on tourism and that on development. Tourism is thus a multi-faceted
activity and a geographically complex one as different stages from the
origin to the destination. Moreover Smith et al. (2010) accentuate and
wrote in the key concepts in the field of tourism in tourist studies that
present the theories of as the following. Anthropology of Tourism is
concerned with the social and cultural nature of tourism and the behavior
of tourist. Arts Tourism refers to travel which is motivated by an interest in
the performing and visual arts including opera, ballet, music and arts
festivals. Authenticity in Tourism can be identified as the value that the
tourist and hosts place on the development and consumption of what are
perceived to be genuine cultural events, products and experiences.
Backpacking is independent in travel undertaken by individuals or small
groups, which tend to be flexible, low budget and with light baggage.
Business tourism involves the travel and accommodation of people who are
travelling for reasons of reasons of employment or professional interest.
Rogers (2003) suggests that business is a modern phenomenon for
developing the tourism industry since ancient times. Crisis Management in
the tourism industry could be defined as the way in which tourism
destinations and the tourism industry respond to sudden disasters or
catastrophes, which can be natural or man-made. Cultural Tourism could
be defined as tourism that focuses on cultural attractions, activities and
practices as major motivating factors or travel. Dark Tourism consists of
tourist visiting to the sites associated with death, disaster, warfare,
genocide and human suffering. These sites also include memorials to the
dead and burial grounds. Destination Management refers to the processes
of Tourism planning managing and coordination that take place in the
tourist destinations, usually carried out by destination management
organization. Economics of tourism refers to the contribution that tourism
makes to global, national and local economies. This can include income,
employment and exports. Ecotourism takes place in unspoiled natural

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areas and in a form of tourism that strives to conserve the environment,
enhance the lives of local communities and educate the visitor associated
with sustainable tourism and ethical tourism that features the nature
based, ecologically sustainable, environmentally educative, locally
beneficial and satisfying for tourist. Ethical Tourism is a form of tourism
that has been specifically designed to encourage both the tourism industry
and tourist. E-tourism refers to the application of new technologies of
activities within the tourism sector. Experience economy refers to a
proposed new economic era based, not on the delivery of services, but on
the staging by businesses of memorable experiences. Festivals and Events
Tourism covers attendance at traditional or contemporary celebrations of
culture. Films and TV Tourism describes tourism visits prompted by seeing
a location on television or at the cinema. Gastronomic Tourism includes
visits to destinations which are motivated primarily by an interest in
indigenous national or regional gastronomy. Gay Tourism GLBT gay,
lesbian, Bi-Sexual and Transgender. Geography of Tourism usually refers
to the physical and cultural geography of consumption, supply, demand,
and transport in tourism. Health and wellness tourism this consist of forms
which focus on activities and practices which contribute to personal health.
Heritage Tourism focuses on historic attractions, buildings, and objects as
well as intangible forms of culture such as traditions and lifestyle of
communities. Identity is concerned with how we see ourselves, whether
individually, collectively or as a nation. Indigenous Tourism involves
visiting native or indigenous people, such as tribal groups or ethnic
minorities in their natural habitat. Literary Tourism describes tourism
activity is motivated by interest in an author, a literary creation or setting,
or the literary heritage of destination. Mature Tourism usually refers to
baby boomed generation of tourist from western development countries
aged 55 who are travelling in ever increasing number. Mobility refers to our
ability to move. Neo Colonialism is a term used to describe the operations

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of capitalist forces in era when empires are no longer in existence. Planning
Tourism is controlled and integrated development of tourism. Post
Tourism or post-modern tourist is a consumer. Regeneration is a renewal
of an environment which has decline economically, environmentally and
socially. Religious and spiritual Tourism, religious focuses on the visiting
religious sites, monuments or destination. Rural tourism describes forms
of tourism activity that takes place in countryside regions and which
encompass local culture, traditions and industries. Self and other refers to
an individual’s own personal identity and hoe that sense of self is partly
shaped by relationship with others. Sex Tourism is travel with the sole or
partial intention of pursuing sexual intercourse with other. Sociology of
Tourism is concerned with the relations between tourist as types, and the
structuring, function and consequences of the tourist system in general.
Special Interest Tourism is defined as travelling with the primary
motivation of practicing or enjoying a special interest. Sports and
Adventure Tourism is defined as the active, passive, or nostalgic
engagement with sports. Sustainable Tourism applies the concept of
sustainable development to the tourism industry. Tourist Gaze refers to the
idea that tourists’ way of seeing places and people. Urban Tourism refers to
visiting cities and towns with the purpose of leisure activity.

The growth of tourism had largely urbanized as it faces the new

modernization many of industrialization have already been affected thus it
has impacts the society divisions which we have part taken as an individual
being. A variety of important factors contributed to the development of
tourism during the past. Mason (1990) suggested five major reasons for the
growth of tourism. A rise in industrial output associated with the
industrially revolution that in turn led to an increase in the standard of
living. The improvements in transport technology which led to cheaper and
more accessible travel, the introduction of annual holidays towards the end
of the nineteenth century, Changing perceptions of the environment.
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Locations that were once viewed as hostile, were now seen as attractive, an
increase desire to travel partly related to the improvements in education.
As these changes have been preserved since the ancient times, the quality
and thus the attractiveness, of a destination environment, a combination of
its many physical and cultural facets is the result of the centuries of
development. The things that have bygone past we cannot restore therefore
it is important to sustain the tourism as we have taken our time. To protect
and improve the environment, to ensure economic security for everyone, to
create a more equitable and fairer society are route of ways to sustainability
that lies in recognizing, promoting and developing the linkages between
the economic, social and environmental objectives.

How does Tourism Industry in the past differ from the Tourism
Industry at present?

Tourism was not common until the late 1800s. However, today’s
tourism is truly a global industry, catering to every type of traveller. Smith
et al. (2010) agree on Graham et al. (2000) differentiates between the term
past, history and heritage. The past is concerned with all that has ever
happened, whereas history is the attempts of present day historians to
explained selected aspects of the past. There are relatively few studies that
state the history of tourism industry through time, with many being
purposeful on specific eras or ages in time in other words, tourism is
considered to be a dynamic activity which matches dramatic events
through time of different eras this was concluded on article of
(Development of Tourism between the Past, Present and Future in the
Civilizing Impact of Modern, 2007).

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 As Orion stated in his research from past until into the development
of heritage tourism into a new and modern tourism industry though
implied the ancient times of Egypt era travel have already been occur for
both business and pleasure. Furthermore added the historical development
of Tourism from Early age, where in ancient times we began to see the
development of routes for the purpose of facilitating trade and the creation
of specialized, if somewhat crude, and vehicles specifically for travelling.
Egyptian travel was necessary between the central government and the
outlying territories. To accommodate travellers on official business,
hospitality centres were built along major routes and in the cities.
Egyptians also travelled for pleasure, and public festivals were held several
times a year. Assyrian and Persians means of travel were improved, largely
for military use. Roads were improved, markers were established to
indicate distances, and posts and wells were developed for safety and
nourishment. Even today we see the influence of military construction
aiding pleasure travel. In Greeks travel occurs merely for official business
was less important as Greece was divided into city-states that were fiercely
independent. Pleasure travel did exist in three areas for religious festivals,
for sporting events (most notably the Olympic Games), and to visit cities,
especially Athens. On Romans transportation, roads and waterways were
excellent. Europeans Pilgrims the time that Roman Empire collapsed in the
fifth century, roads fell into disuse and barbarians made it unsafe to travel.
Whereas a Roman courier could travel up to 160 kilometres a day, the
average daily rate of journey during the middle Ages was 32 kilometres. It
was not until the twelfth century that the roads became secure again. This
was due to the large numbers of travellers going on pilgrimages.
Renaissance Pilgrimages were still important although journeys to
Jerusalem declined because of the growth of Protestantism in Europe.
Grand Tour was initially a sixteenth-century Elizabethan concept brought
about by the need to develop a class of professional statesmen and

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ambassadors. The practice developed into the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries until it became almost routine. No gentleman's education was
complete until he spent from one to three years travelling around Europe
with a tutor. Thus, travel became a requirement for those seeking to
develop the mind and accumulate knowledge. The Victorian age the late
eighteenth and early nineteenth century’s two major factors affected the
development of tourism. First, the Industrial Revolution accelerated the
movement from rural to urban areas. This produced a large number of
people in a relatively small area. The desire to “escape”, even for a brief
period, was present. Associated with this was the development of steam
engines in the form of trains and steamships. This allowed the means to
escape. The development of spas was largely due to the medical profession,
which, during the seventeenth century, began to recommend the medicinal
properties of mineral waters. The idea originated, however, with the
Greeks. Their popularity continued, however, into the nineteenth century.
Growth of seaside resorts medical profession, the British court, and
Napoleon all helped popularize the seaside resort. The original motive for
sea bathing was for reasons of health. Early travel in the US the first
development of note was that of resorts. With the encouragement of
physicians, resorts like Saratoga in New York State became very
fashionable by the early 1800s. Ocean resorts also became attractive for
health reasons initially, although amusements soon sprang up as well. It
took the development of the railway to open up the country to travellers.
Transportation the mode of transportation available determines the
destinations to which one can travel. The location of accommodation, in
turn, followed the development of transportation like the travel of Coach,
rail, water, road, and air has well progress. Accommodations such as early
inns, the grand hotel, motels, and hotels have also been known in the
developing industry of tourism. Orion also explains the dimension of
tourism attractions, facilities, transportation and hospitality.

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 Orion explained his study of tourism from past until into the
development of heritage tourism into a new and modern tourism industry
on the other hand compared to Boksberger (2008) as stated on his
researched he explain the past and present tourism as simply as showing a
diagram that shows the current rates of percentage of every economic,
social and cultural tourism had impacted the tourism industry.

HISTORICAL PLACES IN MADHYA PRADESH

In the earlier times, the historical places in Madhya Pradesh were

influenced by religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Islam which
is still evident today. The state of Madhya Pradesh has been ruled by many
famous empires of India. Dynasties like that of Sungas, Andhras,
Satavahanas, Ksaptrapas, Nagas and the Guptas ruled over this place. It
was also governed by the Mughals and later by the Britishers. After the
British had taken over the state, it was declared as the central province.
After the Independence, under the provision of the state reorganisation act
of 1956, Madhya Pradesh was given the status of a proper state on 1st
November 1956. Chattisgarh was carved out as a new state in November
2000 to fulfil a demand that was long due.
1. Khajuraho , Chhatarpur

Khajuraho, a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Madhya Pradesh,

is known around the world for its stunning temples adorned by erotic
and sensuous carvings. A small town located in the Bundelkhand region,
Khajuraho is a brilliant example of Indian architecture and its culture
back in the medieval period. The architecture of these Hindu and Jain
temples depict the erotic forms of love, the carvings on the walls display
passion in the most sensuous yet aesthetic ways. Built between 950 to
1050 AD the sheer confrontational nature of these carvings shows a
stark paradox with the conventional Indian ideals about eroticism,
leaving everybody spellbound.
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Art in this small town is engrained in all of its structures and are a
classic example of the finesse of India's cultural and artistic heritage.
The best part about Khajuraho is that although scores of plunderers
tried to destroy the whole complex, they could never succeed, even
though they managed to reduce the number of temples and caves to 25
from a staggering 85 at the time it was created.

2.Sanchi , Raisen

Located in Madhya Pradesh, the Buddhist monuments of Sanchi are one

of the oldest stone structures in India. Designated a World Heritage site
by UNESCO, the Great Stupa was installed in the 3rd century BC by
Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty. The sculptures and
monuments present at the site are a fine example of the development of
Buddhist art and architecture in Madhya Pradesh. The stupa sits atop a
hill in Sanchi, 46 km from the city of Bhopal. 

This large hemispherical dome, more than 50 ft high with a diameter of

more than 30m was constructed to honour Lord Buddha and houses
many important Buddhist relics. It is meant to serve as a sacred burial
mound for the distributed remains of Lord Buddha.

Sanchi is known for its ancient Stupas, monasteries, the Ashoka Pillar,
Toranas or ornate gateways with intricate carvings and other remnants
of the rich Buddhist culture which date back to the 3rd century B. C. It is
one of the most important places for Buddhist pilgrimage and pilgrims
from around the world visit this place.

3.Gwalior Fort, Gwalior

Referred to as 'the pearl amongst fortresses in India' by Mughal emperor

Babur, the Gwalior Fort is one of the most impenetrable fortresses
located in the entire northern and southern India and is a place you

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definitely must visit. Situated on the top of a vast rocky mountain near
Gwalior in Madhya Pradesh in central India, this imposing structure
dominates the entire city of Gwalior. An inseparable part of the identity
and architecture of the city, evidence suggests that it has been around
since 6th Century. It is also the places where the second oldest reference
of the number 'zero' has been found in the form of a carving inside a
temple on the top of the fort.

The construction of the Gwalior Fort took place in two parts, in two
different time periods and thus, this architectural marvel has an
intriguing history attached to it. It has passed from the possession of
one dynasty to the other, multiple times. The entire fort complex is well
maintained and includes temples, water tanks and palaces such as Man
Mandir, the Gujari, the Jahangir, the Karan, and the Shah Jahan.

4.Jahaz Mahal, Mandu

The splendid architecture of Jahaz Mahal occupies an expense in

the Mandu region of Madhya Pradesh. It was built during the reign of
Mandu Sultan Ghiyas-ud-din Khilji, who is believed to have as many as
15,000 women as his consorts. To accommodate the women belonging
to the royal consortium, Jahaz Mahal was built in second half of the 15th
century. Jahaz Mahal best captures the medieval history of Mundu.
Here 'Jahaz' refers to a ship and 'Mahal' refers to a palace, which is a
reflection of the edifice itself. Surrounded by pond water, it seems to be
floating gently above the surface of the water.

The architecture and structure of Jahaaz Mahal are both awe-inspiring

and marvellous in terms of its engineering. Emulating the appearance of
a mighty ship, the palace is an amalgam of Afghan, Mughal, Hindu and
Mesopotamian architecture styles. It was built with a meticulous
precision that followed acoustic water supply patterns, subtly reflecting
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the pond that lies overlooking the palace. The balconies are constructed
in a way that amplifies sound such that reverberates through the entire
body of Jahaz Mahal. The intricate carvings, precise engineering design
and pristine beauty along with its close proximity to other tourist
attractions such as Roopmati's Pavilion , Baz Bahadur's Palace , Hindola
Mahal, Jain Temple , and Jama Masjid make it one of the most
important tourist spots in the city.

5. Jai Vilas Palace, Gwalior

The Jai Vilas Palace, also known as the Jai Vilas Mahal is situated in
Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh and is a symbol of age-old Indian culture and
opulence, preserved to the modern day. The Maharaja of Gwalior, Jayaji
Rao Scindia, had this magnificent edifice built to ensure a grand
welcome for King Edward VII, the then Prince of Wales in 1874. Today,
it serves as a residence for the descendants of the royal Maratha Scindia
family. The palace also serves as a museum stretched over 35 rooms,
houses the Chitrangada Raje Art Gallery and a library that comprises
more than 5,000 books.

Moreover, each room in the regal palace contains curios of historical

importance, including a collection of swords that date back to the times
of Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb, and the original Dhal (shield) that
belonged to freedom fighter Rani Laxmibai. The venture cost a total of
INR 1 crore, which is likely to have been quite an extravagant affair in
that era. 

Covering a floor area of about 75 acres, the Jai Vilas Palace has an
intricately designed Durbar Hall, which houses some of the world's most
colossal chandeliers, gilt furnishings, and a large plush carpet. The
centre operates with a vision of creating an international cultural centre
for the study of Maratha dynasty.
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 6.Bhimbetka , Bhopal

The Bhimbetka rock shelters are an archaeological site, exhibiting the

earliest traces of human life on the Indian subcontinent, and thus the
beginning of the South Asian Stone Age. It was declared a World
Heritage Site in 2003.

Bhimbetka is home to more than 500 rock shelters and caves which
have a large number of paintings. The oldest paintings are considered to
be 30,000 years old, but some of the geometric figures date to as
recently as the medieval period. The colours used are vegetable colours
which have endured through time because the drawings were generally
made deep inside a niche or on inner walls. It a great place to visit for
people of almost all age groups.

7.Rajwada, Indore

Located near the famous Kajuri Market in Indore, Rajwada is a

magnificent and historical palace that is located in the city of Indore and
was constructed by the Holkars more than 200 years ago. It is a seven-
storied structure located near the Chhatris and serves as an excellent
example of royal grandeur and architectural skills. 

Nestled between the crowded streets of the Kajuri Bazar and facing the
main square of the city, the Rajwada palace also faces a well-maintained
garden that houses a statue of Queen Ahilya Bai, an artificial waterfall
and some beautiful fountains. Even after all these years, the palace
continues to be one of the most famous tourist spots in Indore and is
one of the oldest structures too.

8.Maheshwar

Located on the banks of the River Narmada, this gorgeous town is

largely referred to as the temple town of Madhya Pradesh . It also holds a
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lot of mythological and historical importance given the fact that it has
found a mention in the epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata.

This was the capital of Queen of the Maratha Malwa kingdom Rani
Ahilyabai province, Holkar. She beautified the city with many buildings
and public works, the Maratha architecture and this city was also home
to her extravagant palace. Maheshwar is a renowned hub for its
production of Maheshwari sarees, which makes this place a paradise for
shopaholics.

9.Rani Mahal, Orchha

Wrapped in elegance and magnificence that only befits the royalty, the
Rani Mahal of Orccha is an enchanting fortification right from the pages
of the history bygone. The fort is beautifully embellished with intricate
carvings and colourful paintings which make quite the statement about
the art and artists of Uttar Pradesh. Translating to 'the queen's palace',
this destination once served as the royal quarters for the wife of Raja
Madhukar Singh, and its last occupant was Rani Laxmi Bai herself. The
palace has now been converted into a museum.

Spread over a vast area and surrounded by splendid gardens, the

architecture and presence of the Rani Mahal is quite humbling. The
entire palace is beautifully decorated with detailed stonework on the
outside, while the inside holds mesmerising illustrations and murals of
holy epics like the Ramayana.

Since the palace is now a museum, you can easily access these precious
artefacts and learn more about the history of the place. The museum has
paintings from the ninth and twelfth century and also houses various
scriptures. Built against the backdrop of the beautiful Betwa river, the
Rani Mahal of Orccha is a must visit for one and all.
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 10.Jehangir Mahal, Orchha

Built as be a garrison and citadel for the Mughals to allow greater

control over the Bundela region, this palace was completed in 1598 by
Bharath Bhushan after he defeated Vir Deo Singh of Bundela.

This place is a classic example of Mughal architecture. The domes are

built according to Timurid customs and the gates or Iwans are large
enough to allow entry of War elephants. Also, the relatively higher
position compared to surrounding area made this palace a very
important palace for the Mughals.

11.Raja Mahal, Orchha

Built during the 17th century, the Raja Mahal has withstood the test of
time without losing its charm that transports you back to one of the
golden eras of history.

The palace is constructed beautifully with impeccable architecture and

breathtaking grandeur. Resided by the erstwhile kings of Orchha, the
palace has kept the soul of the India's most eminent royalty intact
through all these years. The palace has magnificent towers and
spectacular murals which will make a visit here an absolute delight for
any art enthusiast.

12.Gwalior

Gwalior is a historic city located in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Popular

because of the hilltop fort, Gwalior is full of palaces and glorious
temples giving this city a majestic charm which speaks volumes of its
glorious past.

A historic city founded by king Surajesan, Gwalior is a city where India's

most eminent royalty once resided. Jai Vilas Pala has the largest carpet

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in the world which took almost 12 years to weave and two most massive
chandeliers in the world that weight close to 3.5 tonnes.
The great Indian musician Tansen was born in Gwalior, and the tomb of
Tansen is also an important place here. Every year, in
November/December, a four-day Tansen Music festival is celebrated in
the city where various classical musicians from all over the country
perform on the stage near the tomb itself.

13. Baz Bahadur's Palace, Mandu

Legend has it that this splendid architectural wonder was constructed

for the last independent leader of Mandu, Baz Bahadur much before he
came into power in the year 1509. Surprisingly, the edifice does not only
display Islamic architectural styles but it also boasts of designs inspired
from Rajasthani trends.

14.Holkar Fort, Maheshwar

As the name precisely suggests, this was the opulent palace of Rani
Ahilyabai Holkar which the reason why it is also known as the Queen's
fort. This fort was also the administrative headquarter of Rani Ahilyabai
during her reign and currently it has been converted into a guesthouse,
which is managed by the son of the last Maharaja of Indore, Prince
Shivaji Rao Holkar.

This palace is the zenith of the Maratha architecture. To add to this, the
palace is also host to a weaver's cooperative society in its premises. This
structural marvel is sure going to teleport you to the ancient times.

15.Hindola Mahal, Mandu

Hindola Mahal in Mandu is a very popular tourist attraction which

means Swinging Palace as per its English translation. The grandeur of
the Durbar halls can be seen in the opulent palace which served as a
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royal court to Ghiyas-al-Din Sultan during his reign. It perfectly
portrays the Malwa-Sultanate architecture. The innovative structure of
the sculpture combined with the superb technique attracts thousands of
tourists to pay a visit every year. The Mahal was constructed from
sandstone with exquisitely carved columns with the provision of hot and
cold water connected with the rooms situated underground.

Hindol Mahal is now a T-shaped building which is being used as an

audience hall or an open-air theatre. It is believed to have been
constructed in 1425 under the reign of Hoshang Shah but was later
modified to what it currently is under the rule of Ghiyasuddin Khilji in
the 15th century. The simplicity of its architecture is what separated it
from the rest of the monuments. Munj Talao which is a collection of
ruined monument covers the Hindola Mahal in the north and provides a
fantastic tour to people who are interested in archives. It is a truly
perfect place for someone who loves history and royal architecture. The
exquisite beauty and the scenic beauty of the place is worth visiting.

Conclusion

Tourism has developed into a significant value to industry as it

contributes many factors influencing ultimatum for tourism. Lickorish
(1997) affirms that tourism demand is influenced by many factors
including financial, economic, social and cultural. Special interest are
particularly powerful motivators however essentially demand is a function
of real discretionary income levels conditioned by motivating factors.
Despite these importance economic advantages is far more growth concern
that essentially mirrors the tourism which cause an impact to exchange of
people, and people bring with them their social preferences and prejudices,
some intercultural conflict may develop.
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 In the case of tourism period, the analysis of the role of history in
understanding of change associated with tourism development is to
examine the use of the terms theme place and time in local history
perspective in specific tourist destination applications. As tourism involves
various aspects of a destination’s economy, politics and culture, thus, it is
clearly perceived as significant cause of many changes as a tourist purpose.
The discussion on tourism history needs to consider the local historical
perspective. It has clarified the importance of this approach, tourism
historical research, being undertaken thorough focusing on people and
their socio-cultural and physical environments at the local level. Tourism
history addresses concentrations on how locals change and their
adaptation toward tourism development at the tourist destination by
taking on their history and cultural heritages into the study. Moreover,
tourism historical discourse is not only related to the local area but is also
subjective by domestic history and the state’s tourism development plans.
The requirements for amalgamation and multi-timeframe considerations
direct courtesy to important hypothetical measurements that can be
treasured and offer a focused and comprehensive understanding of what it
takes to be a tourist destination. This allows for an understanding of the
developments of alteration and variation of a tourist purpose’s society and
natural features within its tourism development period.

According to Smith (2010) of (Larkham, 1995) traditional view of

heritage tourism had the concepts of preservation, conservation, and
exploitation that remain differentiated. Preservation involves the retention,
largely unchanged form of sites and objects of major cultural significance.
Conservation encompasses the idea that some form of restoration should
be undertaken to bring old buildings and sites into suitable modern use.
And exploitation recognizes the value of heritage sites, particularly for
tourism and recreation, and encompasses the development of existing new
sites. Krapf’s concludes that tourism has a Special function in developing
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countries, a function which he defines in terms of a series of economic
imperatives.

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