CCNA 200-301 Day 7
IPv4 Addressing
OSI Model – Network Layer
7 Application ●
Provides connectivity between end hosts on
different networks (ie. outside of the LAN).
6 Presentation
●
Provides logical addressing (IP addresses).
5 Session
●
Provides path selection between source and
destination.
4 Transport ●
Routers operate at Layer 3.
3 Network
2 Data Link
1 Physical
Routing
192.168.1.0/24
Dst:
PC1 FFFF.FFFF.FFFF G0/0 G0/0 PC3
.1
G0/2 G0/2 .3
.2 .4
PC2 G0/1 PC4
SW1 SW2 G0/1
Routing
192.168.1.0/24
PC1 G0/0 G0/0 PC3
.1
G0/2 G0/2 .3
Dst:
.2 FFFF.FFFF.FFFF .4
PC2 FFFF.FFFF.FFFF G0/1 PC4
Dst:
SW1 SW2 G0/1
Routing
192.168.1.0/24
Dst:
PC1 G0/0 G0/0 FFFF.FFFF.FFFF PC3
.1
G0/2 G0/2 .3
.2 .4
PC2 Dst: G0/1 Dst: PC4
FFFF.FFFF.FFFF SW1 SW2 G0/1 FFFF.FFFF.FFFF
Routing
192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24
PC1 G0/0 G0/0 PC3
.1
G0/2 .254 .254 G0/2 .1
.2
G0/0 G0/1 .2
PC2 G0/1 PC4
SW1 SW2 G0/1
R1
Routing
192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24
Dst:
PC1FFFF.FFFF.FFFF G0/0 G0/0 PC3
.1
G0/2 .254 .254 G0/2 .1
.2
G0/0 G0/1 .2
PC2 G0/1 PC4
SW1 SW2 G0/1
R1
Routing
192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24
PC1 G0/0 G0/0 PC3
.1
G0/2 .254 .254 G0/2 .1
Dst:
.2 FFFF.FFFF.FFFF
G0/0 G0/1 .2
PC2 FFFF.FFFF.FFFF G0/1 PC4
Dst:
SW1 SW2 G0/1
R1
IPv4 Header
IP address are 32 bits (4 bytes) in length.
IPv4 Addresses
dotted
decimal 192.168.1.254
8 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits
11000000 10101000 00000001 11111110
binary
Decimal & Hexadecimal
3 2 9 4
Decimal
(base 10)
3 * 1000 2 * 100 9 * 10 4*1
Hexadecimal C D E
C * 256 D * 16 E*1
(base 16) (C = 12) (D = 13) (E = 14)
3072 + 208 + 14 = 3294
IPv4 Addresses
dotted
decimal 192.168.1.254
8 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits
11000000 10101000 00000001 11111110
binary
Binary (base 2)
192
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 * 128 1 * 64 0 * 32 0 * 16 0*8 0*4 0*2 0*1
128 + 64 = 192
IPv4 Addresses
dotted
decimal 192.168.1.254
8 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits
11000000 10101000 00000001 11111110
binary
Binary (base 2)
168
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
1 * 128 0 * 64 1 * 32 0 * 16 1*8 0*4 0*2 0*1
128 + 32 + 8 = 168
IPv4 Addresses
dotted
decimal 192.168.1.254
8 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits
11000000 10101000 00000001 11111110
binary
Binary (base 2)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 * 128 0 * 64 0 * 32 0 * 16 0*8 0*4 0*2 1*1
IPv4 Addresses
dotted
decimal 192.168.1.254
8 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits
11000000 10101000 00000001 11111110
binary
Binary (base 2)
254
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
1 * 128 1 * 64 1 * 32 1 * 16 1*8 1*4 1*2 0*1
128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 = 254
IPv4 Addresses
192.168.1.254
8 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits
11000000 10101000 00000001 11111110
octet octet octet octet
Binary → Decimal (1)
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
128 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1
= 143
Binary → Decimal (2)
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
64 + 32 + 16 + 4 + 2
= 118
Binary → Decimal (3)
1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
128 + 64 + 32 + 8 + 4
= 236
Decimal → Binary (1)
221
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
221 93 29 13 5 1
-128 -64 -16 -8 -4 -1
= 93 = 29 = 13 =5 =1 =0
11011101
Decimal → Binary (2)
127
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
127 63 31 15 7 3 1
-64 -32 -16 -8 -4 -2 -1
= 63 = 31 = 15 =7 =3 =1 =0
01111111
Decimal → Binary (3)
207
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
207 79 15 7 3 1
-128 -64 -8 -4 -2 -1
= 79 = 15 =7 =3 =1 =0
11001111
Binary
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
=0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= 255
IPv4 Addresses
11000000101010000000000111111110
11000000 10101000 00000001 11111110
192.168.1.254 /24
IPv4 Addresses
11000000101010000000000111111110
11000000 10101000 00000001 11111110
192.168.1.254 /24
IPv4 Addresses
11000000101010000000000111111110
11000000 10101000 00000001 11111110
192.168.1.254 /24
IPv4 Addresses
192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24
PC1 G0/0 G0/0 PC3
.1
G0/2 .254 .254 G0/2 .1
.2
G0/0 G0/1 .2
PC2 G0/1 PC4
SW1 SW2 G0/1
R1
192.168.1.1/24 192.168.2.1/24
192.168.1.2/24 192.168.2.2/24
192.168.1.254/24 192.168.2.254/24
IPv4 Addresses
10011010010011100110111100100000
10011010 01001110 01101111 00100000
154.78.111.32 /16
IPv4 Addresses
10011010010011100110111100100000
10011010 01001110 01101111 00100000
154.78.111.32 /16
IPv4 Addresses
10011010010011100110111100100000
10011010 01001110 01101111 00100000
154.78.111.32 /16
IPv4 Addresses
00001100100000001111101100010111
00001100 10000000 11111011 00010111
12.128.251.23 /8
IPv4 Addresses
00001100100000001111101100010111
00001100 10000000 11111011 00010111
12.128.251.23 /8
IPv4 Addresses
00001100100000001111101100010111
00001100 10000000 11111011 00010111
12.128.251.23 /8
IPv4 Address Classes
First octet
Class First octet
numeric range
A 0xxxxxxx 0-127
B 10xxxxxx 128-191
C 110xxxxx 192-223
D 1110xxxx 224-239
E 1111xxxx 240-255
IPv4 Address Classes
First octet
Class First octet
numeric range
A 0xxxxxxx 0-127
B 10xxxxxx 128-191
C 110xxxxx 192-223
Multicast addresses D 1110xxxx 224-239
Reserved (experimental) E 1111xxxx 240-255
Loopback Addresses
●
Address range 127.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255
●
Used to test the ‘network stack’ (think OSI, TCP/IP model) on the
local device
IPv4 Address Classes
First octet Prefix
Class First octet
numeric range Length
A 0xxxxxxx 0-127 /8
B 10xxxxxx 128-191 /16
C 110xxxxx 192-223 /24
IPv4 Address Classes
Class A: 12.128.251.23/8
Class B: 154.78.111.32 /16
Class C: 192.168.1.254 /24
IPv4 Address Classes
Netmask
Class A: /8 255.0.0.0
(11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000)
Class B: /16 255.255.0.0
(11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000)
Class C: /24 255.255.255.0
(11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000)
Network Address
192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24
PC1 G0/0 G0/0 PC3
.1
G0/2 .254 .254 G0/2 .1
.2
G0/0 G0/1 .2
PC2 G0/1 PC4
SW1 SW2 G0/1
R1
Host portion of the address is all 0’s = Network Address
The network address CANNOT be assigned to a host.
Broadcast Address
192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24
PC1 G0/0 G0/0 PC3
.1
G0/2 .254 .254 G0/2 .1
.2
G0/0 G0/1 .2
PC2 G0/1 PC4
SW1 SW2 G0/1
R1
Host portion of the address is all 1’s = Broadcast Address
The broadcast address CANNOT be assigned to a host.
Broadcast Address
192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24
PC1 G0/0 G0/0 PC3
.1
G0/2 .254 .254 G0/2 .1
.2
G0/0 G0/1 .2
PC2 G0/1 PC4
SW1 SW2 G0/1
R1
Dst. IP: 192.168.1.255
Dst. MAC: FFFF.FFFF.FFFF
???????????
Review
●
Dotted decimal & binary
●
Network portion / host portion of IPv4 addresses
●
IPv4 address classes
●
Prefix lengths / netmasks
●
Network addresses / broadcast addresses
QUIZ
Quiz Question 1
Convert the following IPv4 address to dotted decimal notation:
00111111 00111000 11100111 00010011
63.56.231.19
Quiz Question 2
Convert the following IPv4 address to dotted decimal notation:
11110011 01111111 01100010 00000001
243.127.98.1
Quiz Question 3
Convert the following IPv4 address to dotted decimal notation:
01101111 00000110 01011001 11000111
111.6.89.199
Quiz Question 4
Convert the following IPv4 address to dotted decimal notation:
11001111 11000110 00101111 01001100
207.198.47.76
Quiz Question 5
Convert the following IPv4 address to dotted decimal notation:
01100100 11001001 00100001 11111101
100.201.33.253
Quiz Question 6
Convert the following IPv4 address to binary notation:
88.46.90.91
01011000 00101110 01011010 01011011
Quiz Question 7
Convert the following IPv4 address to binary notation:
221.234.246.163
11011101 11101010 11110110 10100011
Quiz Question 8
Convert the following IPv4 address to binary notation:
3.41.143.222
00000011 00101001 10001111 11011110
Quiz Question 9
Convert the following IPv4 address to binary notation:
10.200.231.91
00001010 11001000 11100111 01011011
Quiz Question 10
Convert the following IPv4 address to binary notation:
248.87.255.152
11111000 01010111 11111111 10011000
Supplementary Materials
●
Review flash cards (link in the description)
●
Packet Tracer lab (after PART 2’s video)
