LESSON 10: THE
POLITICAL SELF
Prepared by:
CLAIRE R. AGRIPA, LPT
Instructor – CAS-DSSH
• Why is it easy for some people to
convince others to believe/follow
them?
QUESTIONS TO • Why is it so easy for some people to
PONDER: get convinced?
• Would a person's traits and values
impact his political self?
• Politics - derived from the
THE MEANING OF POLITICS Greek word Politika: which is
defined as the affair of the city.
• Politics is the process of
making decisions that applies
to all members of a group. It is
the ability to govern and
control over a group of people
in a community, state or nation
(https://en.oxforddictionaries.c
om/definition/politics).
• The person's ability to
influence others by making
a decision for them is one of
the essential qualities in
one's political self.
2 Types of Social Influence
In 1955, Deutsch and Gerard studied and analyzed the motives
of social influence.
1. Normative Influence – This type of social influence is based on
conforming to the positive expectations of others; people tend
to avoid behaving in ways that will lead to social punishment or
disapproval.
2. Informative Influence – This type of influence is based on
accepting the information obtained from others as evidence of
reality (Hewstone, et.al., 2015)
LEADERSHIP ✓ Leadership – is the process by
which certain group members
motivate and guide the group
(Myers,2015)
✓ Leadership can be exercised in
a small group like in the
family, in the classroom, in
school as leaders of any
school organization. And in a
larger scale such as in
government (politicians) and
leaders of international
affairs.
✓ Leaders are always at the frontline and are
responsible for the functions and operations of
the organization. (example,
school administrators, church officials etc.)
✓ Leaders have the authority and capacity to
monitor and guide the members to achieve the
goals towards the vision and mission of the
organization.
✓ The leader has the power to make decisions that
should benefit the members as well as the
organization.
✓ Leaders are either elected or appointed.
✓ Studies revealed that effective leaders consistently
stick to their goals, have the self-confident and
charisma that influences their followers, they also
have the ability to communicate in clear and
simple language and have enough optimism and
faith in their group to inspire them to follow
(Myers, 2015)
LEADERSHIP
STYLE
Leadership style – is a pattern of leadership behavior which is repeatedly shown as evident across a
variety of situations.
1. Autocratic Leadership – is leadership that is directive, non-participative and domineering.
2. Democratic leadership – is a leadership that is participative, communicative, and egalitarian.
3. Laissez-faire leadership – is hands-off leadership, with few attempts made to influence others.
LEADERSHIP STYLE
• With regard to what leaders and followers offer to one another,
the following are the leaders' descriptions:
1. Transactional leaders (managerial ladership)– are leaders who
focus on the proper exchange of resources, who give followers
something in exchange for something the leaders want.
2. Transformational (charismatic leaders) - are leaders who focus
on aligning the group or organizational goals with the
followers' need and aspirations by developing an appealing
vision (whereby organizational needs are placed above self-
interest).
3. Laissez-faire leaders – are leaders who engage in non-
leadership, that is they avoid making decisions, hesitate in
taking action and are often absent when needed (Hewstone
et.al., 2015)
OPEN SPACE
TECHNOLOGY
• Open Space Technology is an approach to
purpose-driven leadership which initially has
no formal agenda but eventually leads to a
specific or important purpose or task.
Principles of OST:
1. whoever comes are the right people.
2. whatever happens is the only thing that
could have happened.
3. whenever it starts is the right time.
4. when it's over, it's over.
DEVELOPING A FILIPINO IDENTITY:
• Pakikipagkapwa-tao is the shared
VALUES, TRAITS, COMMUNITY sense of identity and
consciousness of the 'other'. It is
AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS treating others with respect and
dignity as an equal not someone
that is beneath the individual.
• Family Orientation - close family
ties. Grandparents are rarely
brought to Home for the Aged,
and are expected to be taken care
for by their families. When
FIlipinos turned 18, they are not
expected to move out of their
parents' home.
• Filipinos are laso known for the
trait of having the ability to find
joy and humour in everything.
Filipinos are optimistic and
always positive.
DEVELOPING A FILIPINO IDENTITY:
VALUES, TRAITS, COMMUNITY
• Studies have shown that Filipinos
AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS are known for flexibility,
adaptability, and creativity.
Sometimes, this is is refered to as
'diskarte'.
• Having had a lot of
experience with different life
challenges, Filipinos seemingly
have learned to become resilient
and acquired a good ability to
survive.
• Filipinos
are hardworking, industrious and
resourceful.
DEVELOPING A FILIPINO IDENTITY:
• The three main traits that underlie
VALUES, TRAITS, COMMUNITY the Filipino and Filipino Values are
pakikipagkapwa-tao (smooth
AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS interpersonal relationship), being
family-oriented and mapagmahal
(loving and caring). Bayanihan or
damayan – spirit of cooperation,
extending help without expecting
anything in return.
• Filipinos are also known for being
hospitable.
• Correcting another person in public
or being corrected in public is
not considered acceptable behavior
for Filipinos, for it may cause the
person to 'lose face'. They make use
of euphimism or using mild or
indirect words to substitute for
unpleasant words to avoid being
harsh.
DEVELOPING A FILIPINO IDENTITY:
VALUES, TRAITS, COMMUNITY • Filipinos have the characteristics
of 'being onion-skinned or balat-
sibuyas' - easily affected by slight
AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS insult. Thus, a subtle approach is
used in how they communicate to
others as to preserve the core
value pakikipag-kapwa
• When one is invited to join a
family meal, it has to be refused.
But when it is offered the second
time or being persistent, it is
permissible to accept.
• Most Filipinos are not time-
conscious and have poor time
management.
• It is common for Filipinos to
walk hand in hand or arm in
arm in public with relatives and
friends.
DEVELOPING A FILIPINO IDENTITY:
VALUES, TRAITS, COMMUNITY
AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS • Filipinos are still conservative,
women are usually advised not to
wear shorts in public, smoke and
drink alcohol.
• One may greet a friend by
lifting the eyebrows or use their
lips to point the direction.
• Another unique feature of Filipino
culture is the use of 'po' and 'opo'
which in most places in the
Philippines is a sign of respect.
ACTIVITY: PINOY AKO!
Direction: complete the sentence
I AM A FILIPINO because __________________
ESTABLISHING A DEMOCRATIC CULTURE
• Culture is the behavior, patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a particular group
of people that are passed on from generation to generation, and has powerful
impact on people's lives (Santrock, 2014)
• The article on democracy and cultural expression (Francisco, 2015) highlighted that
the Philippines have been ruled in the past by elite families and capitalist in terms of
economics and politics. True democracy cannot be achieved without balance in
economic and social structure. The voice of Philippine democracy lies within the
middle class, through education and entrepreneurship they have the means to
change the future.
ESTABLISHING A DEMOCRATIC CULTURE
• True democracy can be promoted through cultural expression. The use of all media
such as the arts, the press, the internet, whatever can influence the Filipino mind in
order to forge and sustain a set of core values, of national interests that cut across
family, class, and region. This has been the social value and political mission of art-
not just as a means of self-expression, but of establishing, affirming, and promoting
certain commonalities of thought and feeling.
• Democracy is a process.
• The assertion of seeking democracy will eventually lead to shape the national
identity and bring to the fore what it really means to be a
Filipino (http://www.philstar.com/arts-and-
culture/2015/02/09/1421169/democracy-and-cultural-expression).
ACTIVITY : IT'S MORE
FUN IN THE PHILIPPINES
I. Directions:
1. The class is divided into 5 groups.
2. Each group will create a logo with a slogan
that will showcase the Filipino identity. It
could be anything that screams Filipino.
(The work should be original).
3. The groups will be at liberty to use
whatever materials they want.
II. Insights:
1. What does your logo mean? Why do you
choose this slogan?
2. How will ypur logo and slogan promote
national identity?
3. What do you think are other possible ways
to establish Filipino democracy aside from
cultural expression?
References:
• Gazzingan et.al, Understanding the Self, 2018, The Sexual Self pp.
120-130
• All images are taken from the internet
• https://www.google.com/search?q=filipino%20culture%20drawing&t
bm=isch&hl=en&rlz=1C1ONGR_enPH927PH927&sa=X&ved=0CB4QtI
8BKABqFwoTCMjZlvX1kO4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAH&biw=1519&bih=7
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