| SUBJECT CODE : CS8651 Strictly as per Revised Syllabus of ANNA UNIVERSITY Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) Semester - VI (CSE) INTERNET PROGRAMMING | Mrs. Anuradha A. Puntambekar i ME. (Computer) Formerly Assistant Professor in PES. Modern College of Engineering, “Pune => TECHNICAL 2 PUBLICATIONS sce 1822 _An Up-Thrust for KnowledgeSYLLABUS Internet Programming (CS8651) UNIT - I: Website Basics, HTML 5, CSS 3, WEB 2.0 ; ‘Web Essentials : Clients, Sercers and Communication - The Internet — Basic Internet protocols - World wide web - HTTP Request Message - HTTP Response Message - Web Clients - Web Servers. (Chapter - 1) ~ HTMLS — Tables — Lists — Image - HTMLS control elements — Semantic elements —Drag and Drop ~ Audio ~ Video controls. (Chapter - 2) CSS3 - Inline, embedded and external style sheets ~ Rule cascading — Inheritance ~ Backgrounds - Border Images ~ Colors — Shadows ~ Text — Transformations — Transitions — Animations. (Chapter - 3) UNIT - II: Client Side Programming Java Script: An introduction to JavaScript-JavaScript DOM Model-Date and Objects,-Regular Expressions- Exception Handling-Validation-Built-in objects - Event Handling - DHTML with JavaScript- JSON introduction - Syntax — Function Files — Hup Request ~ SQL. (Chapter - 4) UNIT - III : Server Side Programming Servlets : Java Servlet Architecture- Servlet Life Cycle - Form GET and POST actions- Session Handling - Understanding Cookies - Installing and Configuring Apache Tomcat Web Server - Database Connectivity : JDBC perspectives, JDBC program example. JSP: Understanding Java Server Pages - ISP Standard Tag Library (ISTL)-Creating HTML forms by embedding JSP code. (Chapters - 5. 6) UNIT - IV : PHP and XML An introduction to PHP : PHP - Using PHP- Variables - Program control- Built-in functions - Form Validation - Regular Expressions - File handling — Cookies - Connecting to Database. XML : Basic XML - Document Type Definition - XML Schema DOM and Presenting XML XML Parsers and Validation, XSL and XSLT Transformation, News Feed (RSS and ATOM). (Chapters - 7, 8) UNIT - V : Introduction to AJAX and WEB Services AJAX : Ajax Client Server Architecture-XML Hitp Request Object-Call Back Methods: Web Services : Introduction - Java web services Basics ~ Creating, Publishing. Testing and Describing a Web services (WSDL) - Consuming a web service, Database Driven web service from an application - SOAP. (Chapters - 9, 10) co)TABLE OF CONTENTS Lys Website Basics, HTML 5, CSS 3, WEB 2.0 Chapter-1 Website Basics (1- 1) to (1 - 20) 1.1 Web Essentials. 1.1.1 Wither is Web Techijabony Pass oss viewe gs sags ens naeadipvknestiaeadees 1-2 1.1.2 Concept of Internet 1.1.3 Concept of World Wide Web ..3.......0.ecsceee cece nsec eeeee essen eres 1-2 1.1.4 Internet or WWW? 1.2 Internet Protocol .. 1.3 HTTP Request and Response Message. 1.4 Features of HTTP Protocol 1.5 Web Clients .... 1.5.1 Functions Defined by Web Browser. .. 1.5.2 URL 1.6 Web Server... 1.6.1 Apache . 1.6.2 IIS 1.7 Client, Sever and Communication .. Two Marks Questions with Answers... Chapter-2 HTML 5 2.1 Introduction to HTML... 2.2 Introduction to HTMLS 2.2.1 Features of HTML5.0 . 2.2.2 Difference between HTML and HTMLS: 2.2.3 Structure of HTML 2.3 Basic Elements of HTML... “2.3.1 Heading. .. 2.3.2 Paragraphs 2.3.3 Line Break 2.3.4 Setting Font Style. 2.3.5 Text Alignment....... 2.3.6 Setting the Font and Color . 2.3.7 Special Character. 2.4 Hyperlink . 2.4.1 Playing an Audio File 2.4.2 Uses of Links. 2.5 Tables. 2.5.3 Additional Table Elements 2.6 Frames. 2.6.1Frames with Scrollbars............ 2.7 Lists... 2.7.1 Unordered List . « 2.7.2 Ordered List . 2.8 Image. 2.9 HTMLS Control Elements... 2.9.1 Text 2.9.5 Button 2.9.6 Menu 2.9.7 Specialized Controls... .. 2,9.8 Number and Range . wi)2.9.9 Date and Time Controls ............. tact tenets eee Ee 2-73 2.10 Semantic Elements... 2.10.1 Header and Footer 2.10.2 Heading Groups. 2.10.3 Navigation . 210.4 Articles and Sections, 5245 é The supervisor is the terminal at which the network administrator requests for network management, © The agents are found at the level of each interface connecting the managed devices to the network. With the help of these agents information on the different objects (such’as switch, hub, routers) can be collected. (4) SMTP ‘Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a simple protocol which is extensively used for transfer of e-mails to remote servers. Itis an asynchronous protocol, because it allows delayed delivery of message. With the help of mail transfer agent and user agent the SMTP sends and receives the emails. (5) POPS Post Office Protocol version 3 (POPS) is used by local email clients (such as Microsof Outlook Express). The POP3 protocol works only at the receivers end and has no work at the sender’s end The POP protocol has two parts, a client POP ie. receiver’s POP and a server POP i: reciever’s ema server, The client ie, the receiver opens TCP connection with receivers POP server. This client must be authenticated first by: ‘Then the client can receiv using the user name and passwort from the mailbox. the email Tachrical Pusscatons «An up thst for knowledgeJnernet Programming, fe$ (6) TCP * The Transmission Control Protocol is used for, 1, Safe delivery of dat 2. Error det tion 3, Assurance of the correet sequencing of data being received. * This protocol is called connection oriented protocol because before sending the data this protocol requires that two computers have established connections. * The TCP allows the transi ion of arbitrary amount of data by breaking it into stream of separate IP packets. * These IP packets are numbered so that it could be reassembled properly at arrivals. Along ‘ived in order to know whether the with the data an acknowledgement is also sent/re reliable connection has occurred or not. (7) UDP * The user datagram protocol is a conneetionless protocol without any error detection i * This protocol is used for simply transmission of data. ility. * The UDP is known as an unreliable protocol however this is much faster than TCP. * Internet Protocol (IP) is a network layer protocol which consists of addressing information. © Using this information the communication between uniquely addressed computers is possible. We aa 1. Explain the various Interne! protocols used for client server communication. fi PERC 2. Explain TCPIIP in detail. HTTP Request and Response Message AU : June-09, May-12, 13,14, Dec.-12, 13, Marks 8 + The basic feature of HTTP protocol is that it follows the request response model. * The client makes a request for desired web page by giving the URL in the address bar. This request is submitted to the web server and then web server gives the response to the web browser by returning the required web page. ap Technical Publications” - An up thrust for knowiodge B.gle space. These parts are - of zee pants which are separated by 2 § 2) Request method if) Request-URI iif) HTTP version (@ Request Method : Ver the request are enlisted in the following OPTION PUT DELETE TRACE contained in the HTTP headers in response to a HEAD request should be | This method is useful in deleting the specified resource. Description The GET method is used to rewieve information from a specified URI and is assumed to be 2 safe, repeatable operation by browsers. | ‘The POST method is used to request the server for desired web page and the suest made is accepted as 2 new subordinate of the resource identified. The POST method is used for operations that have side effects and cannot be safely repeated. For example, transferring money from one bank account to another has side effects and should not be repeated without explicit approval by the user. | The HEAD method is identical to GET. The only difference is that the server should not return 2 message-body in the response. The meta-information similar to the information sent in response to a GET request. This method supports for the spécified URL. It can be used to check the functionality of a web server by requesting '*’ instead of a specific resource. VS hese iitee This method uploads 2 representation of the specified resource. When request is made using TRACE method the server echoes back the received request so that a client can see what intermediate servers are adding or changing in the request. Technical Pubicatons "An up thus for hnowiedgeInternet Programming 1-7 WebSite Basics (ii) Request-URI: The U on the Internet. The URI is a combination of URL and URN. © The URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator and URN stands for Uniform Resource rm Resource Identifier (URI) is a string used to identify the names or resources Name. * The web address denotes the URL and specific name of the place or a person or item denotes the URN. For example um : ISBN 978-81-843 1-123-2 specifies the address of some book. © Ifthe URI is written in the form of http: then it is both an URI and URL but there are some other URI which can also be used as URL. For example CURL ee Intended server “fip:/ifip.mywebsite.com/index.txt | File can be located on FTP server | teinet://mywebsite.org ~~ | Telnet server ro:myself@mywebsite.org __| Mail box tip://www.mywebsite.com —__| Web server (ii) HTTP Version : The first HTTP version was HTTP/9.9 but the official version of HTTP was HTTPY/1.1

and The host header filed is associated with the http request. © The header fields are in the form of field name and field value. © Thus typical structure of http request is given be following example - Start Line GET /pubMWWWIHTTP/1.1 Hostwnww.vtubooks.com accept-texi.himl,video/x-mng,image/png.imagelipeg accept en-us,en Header Fields keep-ali content-length:10 hello worid Blank Line Message body Fig. 1.3.1 HTTP request message structure Technical Publications’ - An up thrust for knowledgeWebSite Bas Internct Programming 18 lebSite Basics 2. HTTP Response Message Structure ‘The basic structure of response message is given by following gencral form -

‘ ‘ Status line is similar to the start line in the request message. It consists of three fields. HTTP. version | Status code | reason phrase The HTTP version denotes the HTTP version such as HTTP/I.1. The status code is a: numeric code indicating the type of response. The reason phrase is in the text string form and presents the information about the status code. For example - HTTP /1.1 200 OK oa HTTP version —_ Status code Reason phrase Following table explains some’commonly used status codes. Status code Reason phrase “ Description 200 OK This is a standard response for successful request. 201 Created It shows that the request is fulfilled and a new resource is being created. é 202 Accepted ‘When the request is accepted for processing but is not processéd yet is denoted by this status code. 301 Moved The URI for requested resource is moved at some another permaneftly — | location. 401 Unauthorized | The requested resource is protected by some password and the user has not provided any password. 403 Forbidden | The requested resource is present on the server but the server is is not able to respond it, ] ee Technical Publications ~ An ‘up thrust for knowledgeInternet Pr Site Bastes ramiming 404 Not Found | The requested resource is not present currently but may be lable in future, 500 error message that appears due to software Icis a gener Error internal failure.

The header field in response message is similar to that of request message. The message body consists of response message. For example 2 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Sat, 30 Mar 2019 07:59:01 GMT Server: Apache/2.0.50 (Unix) mod_perl/1.99_10 Perl/v5.8.4 mod_ssl/2.0.50 OpenSSL/0.9.7d DAV/2 PHP/4.3.8 Last-Modified: Mon, 23 Feb 2009 08:32:41 GMT Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Length: 2010 Content-Type: text/html ... The response header fields are enlisted in following table Header field __| Description Date It represents the date and time at which the response is generated. Server The name of the server which is responding Last-Modified | The date and time at which the-response is last modified. ‘Accept-ranges | It specifies the unit which is used by the client to accept the range request. For example if there is a large document and only a single web page is currently needed then this specifies the Accept-range. Eee accu 1. Write short note on HTTP protocol ‘AU : June-09, Marks 6 2. Explain the structure of HTTP request and response mess 13 Marks 8 Cory) ‘AU : May-12, Dec.-12,Dec. 3. Write and explain HTTP request message format. a 4. Write the header format of Request and Response between Client/Server and explain it. Technical Publications” - An up thrust for knowledge- WebSite Basicy Internet Programming 5 1 EJ Features of HTTP Protocol 1, Itis a communication protocol used between web browser and web server. 2. This protocol is based on request-response messaging, That means client makes the request of desired web page and then the server responds it by sending the requested resource. 3. It isa stateless protocol. That means HTTP protocol can not remember the previous user’s information nor it remembers the number of times the user has visited particular website, 4, The request-response message consists of plain text in fairly readable form. The HTTP protocol has a eache control. This is an advanced feature of HTTP. Most of the web browsers automatically store(Cache) the recently visited web pages. This is very useful feature because if the user requests the same web page that-has been visited already then it can be displayed from the cache memory instead of requesting the web server and bringing it from there. or Web Clients © Web client is a kind of software that runs on the clients machine. «This software sends the HTTP request to the server and then processes the HTTP response. + Various forms of web client software are - (1) Web browsers (2)Browsers running on mobile phones (3) Software robots which crawl on the web for retrieving the information (4)User agents which assists the user in browsing the web. «Web browser is a kind of software which is basicaly used to use resources on the web. « Over the networks, two computers communicate with each other. In this communication, whe request is made by one computer then that computer is called a client and when the request ges served by another computer then that computer is called server. Thus exchange of information takes place via Client-Server communication. «When user wants some web document then he makes the request for it using the web brows¢t: + The browsers are the programs that are running on the clients’ machines, The request then ge served by the server and the requested page is then retumed to the client. It is getting display® to the client on the web browser. + The commonly used web browsers are (i) Intemet explorer (ii) Mozilla Firefox (iii) Nets? Navigator (iv) Opera (v) Google Chrome (vi) Safari, + Web browser supports variety of protocols but the most commonly used protocol on the ¥®? browser is Hyper Text Transfer Protocol(HTTP). This protocol is typically used when brows* communicates with the server. T Technicel Pubicatons" - Anup Uvusi¥or kbwodgeInternet Programming pe e WehStte Basles —— Lae Tita bar] a tenia seen sont nto @ Firefox3.5 eR ei a ge WeBatOn) | prow th fast ane: apt to the fastest, {tsar fest and smartest ifort, Lai Sis af EER] Functions Defined by Web Browser Various functions of web browser are - L 2. Reformats the URL and send a valid HTTP request. ‘When user gives the address of particular web site it is in the form of domain name. The web browser coverts the DNS to corresponding IP address. The web browser establishes a TCP connection with the Web browser while processing the user’s request. The web browsers send the HTTP request to the web server. The web server processes the HTTP request sent by the web browser and returns the desired web page to the client machine. The web browser on the client's machine displays this web page in appropriate format. URL \ The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is unique address for the file that has to be accessed over the internet. When we want to access some website we enter it’s URL in the address bar of the web browser. For example if we want to access www.google.com then we must specify its URL in the address bar as shown http/www.google.com ‘name of the protocol domain name server 0 * Technical Publications - An up thrust for knowledge— ) WebSite By Internet Programming fe? ic However any other file such as some text file or image file or some HTML file can also bg specified. The URL contains name of the protocol such as http:// + The URL may contain the name of the protocol as such as fip. For example fip:/fip.fanet. fi/pub/standards/REC/rfe2166.txt ‘The protocol identifier and the resource name are separated by a colon and two forward slashes The syntax of writing URL is as given below, Protocol://usemame@hostname/path/filename Sometimes instead of domain name servers IP addresses can also be use. For example, hutp://192.168.0.1 But use of IP address as URL is not preferred because human can not remember numbers very easily but they can remember names easily. Absolute and Relative URL The absolute URL is a URL which directly point to a file. It exactly specifies exact location of file or directory’on the internet. Each absolute URL is unique. For example - hmtp://www.vtubooks.convhome.aspx The relative URL points to the file or a directory in relation to the Present directory. Fo example + Consider the absolute address which refers an image mother.jpg http://www.mywebsite.com/myphotos/mother,jpg + For the above given absolute address the relative address will be - ../myphotos/mother.jpg That means from the current URL the directory myphotos will be searched for the image mother.jpg. The two peroids .. instruct the server to move up one directory which is the roo! directory, then enter myphotos directory (/myphotos) and finally point at mother.jpg. Thus usin; relative URL writing of long path name can be avoided. CSS a) 1. Explain the use of relative URL with example, AU : Dec.-11, Marks 8 | Web Server AU: + Web server is a special type of server to which the web browser subi which is desired by the client. lay-10,12,13,19 , Marks 12 mits the request of web pag? + There are some popularly used web servers such as Apache and IIS from M ictosoft. - ar * Technical Publications "~ An up thrust for knowledgeWebSite Nasies Internet Proseamming pets Functions of web server Various functions of web server are = 1, The web servers accepts the requests from the web browsers. 2. The user request is processed by the web server. 3. The web servers respond to the users by providing the services which they demand for over the web browsers. 4. The Web servers serve the web based applications. 5. The DNS translate the domain names into the IP addresses. The servers verify given addréss exists, find necessary files ,run appropriate scripts exchange cookies if necessary and returns back to the browser. 7. Some servers actively participate in session handling techniques. Working Principle of Web Server = When user submits a request for a web page, he/she is actually demanding for a page present on the web server. = When web browser submits the request for a web page, the web server responds this request by sending back the requested page to the web browser of the client's machine. . Request for web page | Wor Browser | Serestne | Web Server Fig. 1.6.1 Step 1 : Web client requests for the desired web page by providing the IP address of the website Step 2 : The web server locates the desired web page on the website and responds by sending back the requested page. If the page doesn’t exist, it will send back the appropriate error page. Step 3 : The web browser receives the page and renders it as required. Apache = Itis an excellent server because of its two important features : Reliability and Efficiency. = Secondly it"is more popular because it is an open source software. That means it is freely available to anybody. Apache web sefver is best suitable for UNIX systems but it can also be used on Windows box. ° Technical Publications” An up thrust for knowiedgeInternet Programming a TebSite Bai + The apache web server can be configured as per the requirements using the file httpd.conf. Thi file is present in the Apache software package. is * The Internet Information Services or Internet Information Server is a kind of web Server Provided by Microsoft. * This server is most popular on Windows platform. Following are some differences between Apache and IIS servers Sr.No. Apache web server IIS web server = L Apache web server is useful on both | IIS web server is used on Windows. Unix based systems and on Windows | platform. platform. 2. | Itis an open source product. It is a vendor specific product and can be used on windows products only. 3. |The Apache web server can be | For IIS server, the behaviour is controlled by editing the configuration | controlled by modifying the window file httpd.conf based management programs called 11S snap In. We can access IIS. snap-in through the : Control-Panel> Administrative Tools. A ee eae Explain briefly the IIS Web Server. Eon) Explain in detail the functions of web server. | May-12, Marks 8 | 1 u 3. Explain the capabilities of web client and web server, CET 4. Explain the working principle of web server with neat sketch, Cry Client, Sever and Communication + In this architecture, there are 3 components. 1) Client PC or Web client 2) An application server or web server 3) A database server.Internet Programming 1-15 WebSite Basics Working Step 1: The client PC or web client submits the request for desired web page to the web server. Step 2: The work of server is distributed among application server and database servers. Application server possesses the required communication functions. Step 3: The data required by this business logic is present on database server. The required data is returned to application servers : The web server or application server prepares the response page and sends it to the web client, Presentaton ter Business logic ter Step Client PC. Application server Database carver Fig. 1.7.1 Client Server Communication Advantages : 1. High performance and persistent objects take part in communication. 2. This architecture is scalable. That means it can support increased number of users and resources. s High degree of flexibility in deployment platform and configurations. Code/data reusability can be achieved. Improved data integrity Improved security as clients can not directly access the database. Nowe The maintenance and modifications can be done effectively without disturbing other modules in the architecture. Disadvantages : 1. The complexity gets increased. 2. Cost for network maintenance and deployment is increased. - Technical Publications” - An up thrust fr knowledge i i aInternet Pry WebSite Basiy eee Q.1 List any two types of web servers with its application usage. CI nil another one is open 1-16 Ans. : There are wo types of web servers one is vendor specific source, The example of vendor specific web server is IIS and example of open source web server is Apache, The NS web server is used on Windows and Apache web server can be used on both Unix and Windows platform, Q.2 Why is HTTP called as stateless protocol ? Ans.: The HTTP protocol can not remember the previous user’s information nor it remembers the number of times the user has visited the particular web page. That means it can not remember the previous states. Hence HTTP is called stateless protocol. Q.3 What is a web server ? Explain its functionalities. Ans. : Web server is a special type of server to which the web browser submits the request of web page which is desired by the client, For example: IIS ,Apache. Web server processes the request of the user which it submits using the web browser. Sometimes the web servers access the database system and fetche the required information. The required web page is compiled and sent to the user in his/her web browser. Q.4 State the use of web server logs and list the contents of a message log. Ans. : Web server log records the information about’ the server activity. It stores the information about every http request processed by the server. A web server may produce more than one message logs. Every message log contains variety of debugging information and other information generated by web application, Following information is present in the message log - A. Host name or IP address of the client machine making the request. B. Name of the user. C. Date and time of response along with the time zone. D.’Start line of HTTP request. E. HTTP status code of response. F, Number of bytes sent in body of response. - Q.5 What is the use of cache control in HTTP response header ? Ans. : Cache is used as a temporary repository. Use of cache improves the performance. Ma" eb browsers store web pages viewed by the client in the cache memory, This brings efficie™®) The cache control help the user to display the web page quickly. in browsing the web pa ir si Technical Publications "- An up thrust for knowledge 7bel? WebSite Basics Internet Programming Q6 List some basic internet protocols. 1s. : Following are some basic Internet protocols. http ii. fip iii. smtp. iv. pop3. Q.7 For handling the mails which protocol is used ? ns. : There are two commonly used protocols for handling the emails. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a simple protocol which is used to transfer emails to remote servers. Another protocol is POP3 i.e. Post Office Protocol Version 3. This protocol works only at the receivers end and has no work at the sender's end. Q.8 Give the functionalities of IP protocol. : There are two functionalities provided by Internet Protocol - Decomposition of the initial information flow into packets of standardized size “and reassembling of data at the destination. The Internet protocol routes the packet through successive networks, from the source machine to the destination which can be identified by its IP address. Q.9 What is the difference between WWW and Internet ? ‘Ans. : The WWW and Internet are the two different terms. The Internet is a collection of computers and other devices such as printers, scanners etc. connected together whereas WWW is collection of software and corresponding protocol used to access the resources over the network. Thus World Wide Web (WWW) contains huge amount of documents, images and other resources which can be accessed using the hyperlinks. People use Internet through web. Q.10 Explain any two functionalities of web browser. Ans. : Various functions of web browser are - 1. Reformat the URL and send a valid HTTP request. 2, When user gives the address of particular website it is in the form of domain name. The web browser converts the DNS to corresponding IP address. 3, The web browser establishes a TCP. connection with the web browser while processing the user’s request. 4, The web browsers send the HTTP request to the web server. Q.11 What is URL ? Write different parts of URL. .: The general format of URL is - ‘Scheme:Address That is protocol://usermname@hastname/path/ filename : 1 F a Technical Publications” - An up thrust for KnowledgeWebSite Basics Internet Programming 1-18 = ve different forms The scheme specifies the communication protocol. Different schemes have of addresses. Various schemes that are used are http, fip, gopher, file, mailto, news and so on. Example : http:/vww.vtubooks.com/index.aspx Q.12 Define URI. CEE Ans. : The Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a string used to identify the names or resources on the Internet. The URI is a combination of URL and URN. The URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator and URN stands for Uniform Resource Name. The web address denotes the URL and specific name of the place or a person or item denotes the URN. For example um:ISBN 978-81-8431-123-2 : specifies the address of some book. z Every URI consists of two parts, the part before the colon : denotes the scheme and the part after colon depends upon the scheme. The URIs are case insensitive but generally written in lower case. If the URI is written in the form of http: then it is both an URI and URL. Q.13 What is GET and POST request ? Ans.: The GET method is used to retrieve the information from a specified URI. The POST method is used to request the server for desired web page. This is supposed to be a safe method of retrieving the information. Q.14 What is www ? Ans. : The WWW is a World Wide Web which is a collection of software and corresponding, Protocols used to access the resources over the network. The WWW contains huge amount of documents, images, and other resources which can be accessed using hyperlinks. Thus Internet can be used through the web. Q.15 What is TCP ? Ans. : The TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol. This is the connection oriented protocol which help in communicating two machines. Using TCP the message gets transferred i an orderly manner. Q.16 List any four common browsers. Ans. : The common browsers are Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari Q.17 State the uses of Internet protocol. CesT Ans. : Following are the uses of Internet protocols - i) The Internet protocol is used to decompose the initial information flow into packets of the standard size. At the destination these packets are reassembled back, ii) The Internet protocol routes the data packets so that transmission of data is possible to L the machine having desired IP address. Publications - F TechnicalInternet Programming 1-19 WebSite Basics Q.18 State the functions of DNS and protocol used. CEE) Ans. : Following are the functions that are carried out by DNS — 1. Accepting and then requesting the programs to convert domain names to IP addresses. 2. Accepting and then requesting the other DNS servers to convert domain names to IP addresses. Q.19 Explain the way in which a DNS server resolves the address ? Ans. : Using the domain name space the computer which is to be accessed is identified uniquely. The internet logically arranges the domain names in an hierarchical form. Secondly, the DNS server maintains the huge database of domain names. The desired address is searched in this database and if the IP address of corresponding name is found then IP address is returned to user computer. " Q.20 List the two forms of URL and its uses. : Ans. : The two forms of URL are Absolute URL and Relative URL. The absolute URL directly points to a file whereas the relative URL points to the file or directory in relation to the present directory. The URL is a unique address of the file which is accessed over the internet. Q.21 Differentiate between internet and intranet. Ans. : Sr.No. Internet Intranet 1, | Internet is a network of computers | Intranet is a network of computers but it is and it is open for all. designed for specific group of users. .2. | The number of users of internet are | ‘The number of users of intranet are limited. unlimited. 3.° | Internet contains different sources of | The intranet contains limited information information on variety of subjects. _| on limited subjects. 4, | Internet contains large number of —_| Intemmet can be accessed from the intranet intranets. but with restrictions. 5. | Itis collection of various LANs, —_| It is mostly any of LAN, WAN or MAN. WANs and MANs. i Qo00 or * Tchnical Publications" -An up thrust for knowledgeHTML5 Syllabus Drop ~ Audio ~ Video controls. HTMLS ~ Tables ~ Lists - Image - HTMLS control elements - Semantic elements - Drag and Contents 2.1. Introduction to HTML 22. Introduction to HTML5 2.3. Basic Elements of HTML... 24 Hyperlink. 25 Tables 26 Frames. 27 Lists. 28 Image 2.9 HTML § Control Elements. 2.10 Semantic Elements 2.11 Drag and Drop 2.12 Audio and Video Controls Two Marks Questions with Answers May-13, 14, Dec.-09, Dec.-11, May-11, .. Dec.-12,13, May-09.. @-9Untemet Programming 2-2 fT Mus EX introduction to HTML + HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. Hypertext is simply a piece of text that works asallink, Markup Language is language of writing layout information within documents. Basically an HTML document is a plain text file. Itcontains rich text, The rich text means text with tags. HTML is not a case sensitive language. Any HTML program can be written in simple Notepad or WordPad text editors. The extension to this program should be either html or htm, This program then can be opened in some web browser and the corresponding web page can be viewed. Let us create our first web page using HTML. “This HTAAL webpage ean be HTML program mypege him! Viewed in webbrowser written in Notepac (intemet Explorer). This is an output [am SSC read te>hy metpapectiter creas stoap Tess my fest Web Papel oa ‘Tasismy et Wed Pagel creme title LET REE HTML Document ‘This is my first Web Pagelll Tv AN Up thrust for knowedgeInternet Programming. 2-3 nTAus Script Explanation 1) Note that the program consists of some strings enclosed within angular brackets. Such strings are called tags. ) The HTML program should be written within and . The indicates the start of html program and denotes end of html program. Use of slash (/) in the angular bracket indicates end of that particular tag. 3) Any HTML program has two prominent parts : head and body. The head part acts as a header of a file and contains some information like setting the title of web page. Comments in HTML : The comment in HTML can be denoted as follows - There should not be a space between angular bracket and exclamation mark. This comment is beginning with Instagram

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