Everyone Can Code Puzzles

Solution Guide

This guide includes examples of solutions for puzzles 


in Learn to Code 1 and Learn to Code 2. You’ll notice 

that all puzzles include at least one example solution, and
some puzzles provide an alternate. The alternate examples
are intended to highlight that students can take multiple
approaches when solving a problem. It’s important to note
that these examples aren’t the only possible solutions.

Some solution pairs will appear to work the same way 


for a puzzle. But look carefully, and you’ll see that there are
minor differences in how they’re written. In other solutions,
you’ll see an obvious change in how the puzzle is solved.
Comparing solutions as they’re written as well as how they
run is an excellent way to improve coding skills.


To test a solution, simply copy and paste the solution

into the coding area within a puzzle. These solutions are
provided in the order they appear within Learn to Code 1
and Learn to Code 2 in the Swift Playgrounds app and not
necessarily in the order they appear in the student and
teacher guides.
Commands
Issuing Commands

Solution 1 Solution 2

moveForward() for i in 1…3 {

moveForward() moveForward()
moveForward() }
collectGem() collectGem()

Adding a New Command

Solution 1 Solution 2

moveForward() for step in 1…2 {

moveForward() moveForward()
turnLeft() }

moveForward() turnLeft()
moveForward() for step in 1…2 {
collectGem() moveForward()
}
collectGem()

Toggling a Switch

Solution 1 Solution 2

moveForward() for step in 1…2 {

moveForward() moveForward()
turnLeft() }

moveForward() turnLeft()
collectGem() moveForward()
moveForward() collectGem()
turnLeft() moveForward()
moveForward() turnLeft()
moveForward() for step in 1…2 {
toggleSwitch() moveForward()
}

toggleSwitch()

Portal Practice

Solution 1 Solution 2

moveForward() for step in 1…3 {

moveForward() moveForward()
moveForward() }

turnLeft() turnLeft()
moveForward() for step in 1…2 {
moveForward() moveForward()
toggleSwitch() }

moveForward() toggleSwitch()
moveForward() for step in 1…2 {
turnLeft() moveForward()
moveForward() }

moveForward() turnLeft()
collectGem() for step in 1…2 {
moveForward()
}

collectGem()
Commands (Continued)
Finding and Fixing Bugs

Solution 1

moveForward()
moveForward()
turnLeft()
moveForward()
collectGem()
moveForward()
toggleSwitch()

Bug Squash Practice

Solution 1 Solution 2

moveForward() moveForward()
turnLeft() turnLeft()
moveForward() for step in 1…2 {
moveForward() moveForward()
toggleSwitch() }
moveForward() toggleSwitch()
moveForward() for step in 1…4 {
moveForward() moveForward()
moveForward() }

collectGem() collectGem()

The Shortest Route

Solution 1 Solution 2

moveForward() for step in 1…3 {

moveForward() moveForward()
moveForward() }
collectGem() collectGem()
moveForward() for step in 1…4 {
moveForward() moveForward()
moveForward() }
moveForward() toggleSwitch()
toggleSwitch()

Functions
Composing a New Behavior

Solution 1 Solution 2

moveForward() for step in 1…3 {

moveForward() moveForward()
moveForward() }
turnLeft() for step in 1…3 {
turnLeft() turnLeft()
turnLeft() }
moveForward() for step in 1…3 {
moveForward() moveForward()
moveForward() }
collectGem() collectGem()
Functions (Continued)
Creating a New Function

Solution 1 Solution 2

func turnRight() { func turnRight() {

turnLeft() turnLeft()
turnLeft() turnLeft()
turnLeft() turnLeft()
} }
func goRight() {
moveForward() moveForward()
turnLeft() turnRight()
moveForward() }
turnRight() func goLeft() {
moveForward() moveForward()
turnRight() turnLeft()
moveForward() }
turnRight() goLeft()
moveForward() goRight()
turnLeft() goRight()
moveForward() goRight()
toggleSwitch() goLeft()
moveForward()
toggleSwitch()

Collect, Toggle, Repeat

Solution 1

func pickPlace() {
moveForward()
collectGem()
moveForward()
toggleSwitch()
moveForward()
}

pickPlace()
turnLeft()
pickPlace()
moveForward()
turnLeft()
pickPlace()
turnLeft()
pickPlace()
Functions (Continued)
Across the Board

Solution 1 Solution 2

func collectTwoGems() { func collectTwoGems() {

collectGem() collectGem()
moveForward() moveForward()
collectGem() collectGem()
moveForward() moveForward()
turnRight() turnRight()
} }
for i in 1…3 {
collectTwoGems() collectTwoGems()
collectTwoGems() }
collectTwoGems() collectGem()
collectGem() moveForward()
moveForward() turnRight()
turnRight() collectTwoGems()
collectTwoGems()

Nesting Patterns

Solution 1 Solution 2

func turnAround() { func turnAround() {

turnLeft() turnRight()
turnLeft() turnRight()
} }

func solveStair() { func solveStair() {

moveForward() moveForward()
collectGem() collectGem()
turnAround() turnAround()
moveForward() moveForward()
turnLeft() }
}
solveStair()
solveStair() solveStair()
solveStair() turnLeft()
solveStair() solveStair()
solveStair() solveStair()
Functions (Continued)
Slotted Stairways

Solution 1

func collectGemTurnAround() {
moveForward()
moveForward()
collectGem()
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
moveForward()
moveForward()
}

func solveRow() {
collectGemTurnAround()
collectGemTurnAround()
}

solveRow()
turnRight()
moveForward()
turnLeft()
solveRow()
turnRight()
moveForward()
turnLeft()
solveRow()

Treasure Hunt

Solution 1

func moveThenToggle() {
moveForward()
moveForward()
toggleSwitch()
}

func toggleThenReturn() {
moveThenToggle()
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
moveForward()
moveForward()
}

toggleThenReturn()
toggleThenReturn()
turnRight()
moveThenToggle()
toggleThenReturn()
moveForward()
moveForward()
moveThenToggle()
moveThenToggle()
For Loops
Using Loops

Solution 1 Solution 2

for i in 1…1 { for i in 1…5 {

moveForward() moveForward()
moveForward() moveForward()
collectGem() collectGem()
moveForward() moveForward()
moveForward() }
moveForward()
collectGem()
moveForward()
moveForward()
moveForward()
collectGem()
moveForward()
moveForward()
moveForward()
collectGem()
moveForward()
moveForward()
moveForward()
collectGem()
moveForward()
}

Looping All the Sides

Solution 1 Solution 2

for i in 1...4 { for i in 1...4 {

moveForward() moveForward()
collectGem() collectGem()
moveForward() for i in 1…3() {
moveForward() moveForward()
moveForward() }
turnRight() turnRight()
} }

To the Edge and Back

Solution 1

for i in 1...4 {
moveForward()
moveForward()
toggleSwitch()
turnRight()
turnRight()
moveForward()
moveForward()
turnLeft()
}
For Loops (Continued)
Loop Jumper

Solution 1

for i in 1...5 {
moveForward()
turnLeft()
moveForward()
moveForward()
collectGem()
turnRight()
}

Branch Out

Solution 1

func traverseStairway() {
for i in 1...7 {
moveForward()
}
}

func clearStairway() {
traverseStairway()
toggleSwitch()
turnRight()
turnRight()
traverseStairway()
turnRight()
}

for i in 1...3 {
moveForward()
moveForward()
turnRight()
clearStairway()
}
For Loops (Continued)
Gem Farm

Solution 1

func turnAround() {
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
moveForward()
moveForward()
}

func solveRow() {
turnRight()
moveForward()
collectGem()
moveForward()
collectGem()
turnAround()
moveForward()
toggleSwitch()
moveForward()
toggleSwitch()
turnAround()
turnLeft()
moveForward()
}

for i in 1...3 {
solveRow()
}

Four Stash Sweep

Solution 1

func turnAround() {
turnRight()
turnRight()
}

func collectFour() {
collectGem()
moveForward()
collectGem()
turnAround()
moveForward()
turnRight()
moveForward()
collectGem()
turnAround()
moveForward()
moveForward()
collectGem()
}

moveForward()

for i in 1...3 {
collectFour()
moveForward()
moveForward()
}
collectFour()
Conditional Code
Checking for Switches

Solution 1 Solution 2

moveForward() for i in 1…2 {

moveForward() moveForward()
}
if isOnClosedSwitch { for i in 1…2 {
toggleSwitch() if isOnClosedSwitch {
} toggleSwitch()
moveForward() }
if isOnClosedSwitch { moveForward()
toggleSwitch() }
} if isOnClosedSwitch {
moveForward() toggleSwitch()
if isOnClosedSwitch { }
toggleSwitch()
}

Using else if

Solution 1

moveForward()

if isOnClosedSwitch {}
toggleSwitch()
} else if isOnGem {
collectGem()
}

moveForward()
if isOnClosedSwitch {
toggleSwitch()
} else if isOnGem {
collectGem()
}

Looping conditional code

Solution 1

for i in 1...12 {
moveForward()
if isOnClosedSwitch {
toggleSwitch()
} else if isOnGem {
collectGem()
}
}
Conditional Code (Continued)
Conditional Climb

Solution 1

for i in 1...16 {
if isOnGem {
collectGem()
turnLeft()
} else {
moveForward()
}
}

Defining Smarter Functions

Solution 1

func collectOrToggle() {
moveForward()
moveForward()
if isOnGem {
collectGem()
} else if {
isOnClosedSwitch {
toggleSwitch()
}
}
collectOrToggle()
collectOrToggle()
turnLeft()
moveForward()
moveForward()
turnLeft()
collectOrToggle()
collectOrToggle()
turnRight()
moveForward()
turnRight()
collectOrToggle()
collectOrToggle()
Conditional Code (Continued)
Boxed In

Solution 1

func checkSquare() {
if isOnGem {
collectGem()
} else if isOnClosedSwitch {
toggleSwitch()
}
}

func completeCorner() {
checkSquare()
moveForward()
checkSquare()
turnRight()
moveForward()
}

moveForward()
turnRight()
for i in 1...4 {
completeCorner()
}

Decision Tree

Solution 1

func solveRightSide() {
collectGem()
turnRight()
moveForward()
moveForward()
moveForward()
turnLeft()
moveForward()
collectGem()
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
moveForward()
turnRight()
moveForward()
moveForward()
moveForward()
turnRight()
}

for i in 1...5 {
moveForward()
if isOnGem {
solveRightSide()
} else if isOnClosedSwitch {
toggleSwitch()
turnLeft()
moveForward()
collectGem()
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
moveForward()
turnLeft()
}
}
Logical Operators
Using the NOT Operator

Solution 1

for i in 1...4 {
moveForward()
if !isOnGem {
turnLeft()
moveForward()
moveForward()
collectGem()
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
moveForward()
moveForward()
turnLeft()
} else {
collectGem()
}
}

Spiral of NOT

Solution 1

for i in 1...16 {
if !isBlocked {
moveForward()
} else {
turnLeft()
}
}
toggleSwitch()

Checking This AND That

Solution 1

for i in 1 ... 7 {
moveForward()
if isOnGem && isBlockedLeft {
collectGem()
turnRight()
moveForward()
moveForward()
toggleSwitch()
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
moveForward()
moveForward()
turnRight()
} else if isOnGem {
collectGem()
}
}
Logical Operators (Continued)
Checking This OR That

Solution 1

for i in 1...12 {
if isBlocked || isBlockedLeft {
turnRight()
moveForward()
} else {
moveForward()
}
}
collectGem()

Logical Labyrinth

Solution 1

for i in 1 ... 8 {
moveForward()
if isOnGem && isOnClosedSwitch {
turnRight()
moveForward()
moveForward()
collectGem()
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
moveForward()
moveForward()
turnRight()
collectGem()
toggleSwitch()
} else if isOnClosedSwitch {
turnLeft()
toggleSwitch()
}
if isOnGem {
collectGem()
}
}
While Loops
Running Code While...

Solution 1 Solution 2

while isOnClosedSwitch { while !isOnOpenSwitch {

toggleSwitch() toggleSwitch()
moveForward() moveForward()
} }

Creating Smarter While Loops

Solution 1

while !isBlocked {
if isOnClosedSwitch {
toggleSwitch()
}
moveForward()
}

Choosing the Correct Tool

Solution 1

func turnAndCollectGem() {
moveForward()
turnLeft()
moveForward()
collectGem()
turnRight()
}

while !isBlocked {
turnAndCollectGem()
}

Four by Four

Solution 1 Solution 2

for i in 1...4 { for i in 1...4 {

moveForward() for i in 1…3 {
moveForward() moveForward()
moveForward() }
if isOnClosedSwitch { if isOnClosedSwitch {
toggleSwitch() toggleSwitch()
} }
turnRight() turnRight()
} }
While Loops (Continued)
Turned Around

Solution 1

moveForward()
while isOnGem {
turnLeft()
collectGem()
moveForward()
collectGem()
turnLeft()
moveForward()
turnRight()
moveForward()
}

Land of Bounty

Solution 1 Solution 2

func solveColumn() { func solveColumn() {

while !isBlocked { while !isBlocked {
if isOnClosedSwitch { if isOnClosedSwitch {
toggleSwitch() toggleSwitch()
} else if isOnGem { } else if isOnGem {
collectGem() collectGem()
} }
moveForward() moveForward()
} }
} }

solveColumn() func solveAndRightTurn() {

turnRight() solveColumn()
moveForward() turnRight()
turnRight() }
solveColumn()
turnLeft() solveAndRightTurn()
moveForward() moveForward()
turnLeft() solveAndRightTurn()
solveColumn() turnLeft()
moveForward()
turnLeft()
solveColumn()

Nesting Loops

Solution 1

while !isBlocked {
while !isOnGem {
moveForward()
}
collectGem()
turnLeft()
}
While Loops (Continued)
Random Rectangles

Solution 1

while !isBlocked {
while !isBlocked {
moveForward()
}
turnRight()
}
toggleSwitch()

You’re Always Right

Solution 1

while !isOnGem {
while !isBlocked {
moveForward()
if isOnClosedSwitch {
toggleSwitch()
}
}
turnRight()
}

collectGem()

Algorithms
The Right-Hand Rule

Solution 1

func navigateAroundWall() {
if isBlockedRight {
moveForward()
} else {
turnRight()
moveForward()
}
}

while !isOnClosedSwitch {
navigateAroundWall()
if isOnGem {
collectGem()
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
}
}
toggleSwitch()
Algorithms (Continued)
Adjusting Your Algorithm

Solution 1

func navigateAroundWall() {
if isBlockedRight && isBlocked {
turnLeft()
} else if isBlockedRight {
moveForward()
} else {
turnRight()
moveForward()
}
}

while !isOnClosedSwitch {
navigateAroundWall()
if isOnGem {
collectGem()
}
}
toggleSwitch()

Conquering a Maze

Solution 1

func navigateAroundWall() {
if isBlockedRight && isBlocked {
turnLeft()
} else if isBlockedRight {
moveForward()
} else {
turnRight()
moveForward()
}
}

while !isOnGem {
navigateAroundWall()
}
collectGem()

Which Way to Turn?

Solution 1

while !isOnGem {
while !isOnClosedSwitch && !isOnGem {
moveForward()
}
if isOnClosedSwitch && isBlocked {
toggleSwitch()
turnLeft()
} else if isOnClosedSwitch {
toggleSwitch()
turnRight()
}
}
collectGem()
Algorithms (Continued)
Roll Right, Roll Left

Solution 1

while !isOnOpenSwitch {
moveForward()
if isOnGem {
collectGem()
turnRight()
moveForward()
collectGem()
} else if isOnClosedSwitch {
toggleSwitch()
turnLeft()
moveForward()
toggleSwitch()
}
while !isBlocked {
moveForward()
}
if !isBlockedRight {
turnRight()
} else {
turnLeft()
}
}

Variables
Keeping Track

Solution 1

var gemCounter = 0

moveForward()
moveForward()
collectGem()
gemCounter = 1

Bump Up the Value

Solution 1 Solution 2

var gemCounter = 0 var gemCounter = 0

moveForward() while gemCounter <5 {

collectGem() moveForward()
gemCounter = 1 collectGem()
moveForward() gemCounter += 1
collectGem() }
gemCounter = 2
moveForward()
collectGem()
gemCounter = 3
moveForward()
collectGem()
gemCounter = 4
moveForward()
collectGem()
gemCounter = 5
Variables (Continued)
Incrementing the Value

Solution 1

var gemCounter = 0

while !isBlocked {
while !isBlocked {
if isOnGem {
collectGem()
gemCounter = gemCounter + 1
}
moveForward()
}
turnRight()
}

Seeking Seven Gems

Solution 1

var gemCounter = 0
while gemCounter < 7 {
if isOnGem {
collectGem()
gemCounter = gemCounter + 1
}
if isBlocked {
turnRight()
turnRight()
}
moveForward()
}

Three Gems, Four Switches

Solution 1

var gemCounter = 0
var switchCounter = 0

while gemCounter != 3 || switchCounter != 4 {

if gemCounter != 3 && isOnGem {
collectGem()
gemCounter = gemCounter + 1
} else if switchCounter != 4 && isOnClosedSwitch {
toggleSwitch()
switchCounter = switchCounter + 1
}
if isBlocked {
turnRight()
if isBlocked {
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
}
}
moveForward()
}
Variables (Continued)
Checking for Equal Values

Solution 1

let switchCounter = numberOfSwitches

var gemCounter = 0

while gemCounter < switchCounter {

if isOnGem {
collectGem()
gemCounter = gemCounter + 1
}
if isBlocked {
turnRight()
}
moveForward()
}

Round up the Switches

Solution 1

var gemCounter = 0
var switchCounter = 0

while !isOnClosedSwitch {
while !isBlocked {
if isOnGem {
collectGem()
gemCounter = gemCounter + 1
}
moveForward()
}
turnRight()
}

while switchCounter < gemCounter {

while !isBlocked {
if isOnClosedSwitch && switchCounter < gemCounter {
toggleSwitch()
switchCounter = switchCounter + 1
}
moveForward()
}
turnRight()
}
Variables (Continued)
Collect the Total

Solution 1

let totalGems = randomNumberOfGems

var gemCounter = 0

while gemCounter < totalGems {

if isOnGem {
collectGem()
gemCounter = gemCounter + 1
}
if isBlocked {
turnRight()
if isBlocked {
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
if isBlocked {
turnLeft()
}
}
}
moveForward()
}

Types
Deactivating a Portal

Solution 1

greenPortal.isActive = false

func moveThree() {
moveForward()
moveForward()
moveForward()
}

for i in 1...3 {
moveThree()
turnRight()
moveThree()
toggleSwitch()
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
}
Types (Continued)
Portal On and Off

Solution 1

func moveAndCollect() {
while !isBlocked {
moveForward()
if isOnGem {
collectGem()
}
}
}

func turnAround() {
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
}

moveAndCollect()
turnAround()
purplePortal.isActive = false
while !isBlocked {
moveForward()
}
toggleSwitch()
turnAround()
purplePortal.isActive = true
moveAndCollect()

Setting the Right Portal

Solution 1

func moveCollect() {
moveForward()
collectGem()
}

func turnAround() {
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
}

moveForward()
moveCollect()
turnAround()
bluePortal.isActive = false
moveForward()
moveCollect()
turnAround()
bluePortal.isActive = true
pinkPortal.isActive = false
moveForward()
moveForward()
moveForward()
collectGem()
turnAround()
pinkPortal.isActive = true
moveForward()
turnAround()
moveCollect()
Types (Continued)
Corners of the World

Solution 1

func turnAround() {
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
}

func checkSquare() {
if isOnGem {
collectGem()
} else if isOnClosedSwitch {
toggleSwitch()
}
}

func collectOrToggle() {
moveForward()
checkSquare()
turnAround()
}

func collectOrToggleThenTurnRight() {
collectOrToggle()
moveForward()
turnRight()
}

func collectOrToggleThenTurnLeft() {
collectOrToggle()
moveForward()
turnLeft()
}

turnLeft()
moveForward()
moveForward()
greenPortal.isActive = false
for i in 1...3 {
collectOrToggleThenTurnRight()
}
collectOrToggle()
greenPortal.isActive = true
moveForward()
greenPortal.isActive = false
collectOrToggleThenTurnLeft()
collectOrToggleThenTurnLeft()
moveForward()
moveForward()
orangePortal.isActive = false
moveForward()
for i in 1...3 {
collectOrToggleThenTurnRight()
}
collectOrToggle()
orangePortal.isActive = true
moveForward()
orangePortal.isActive = false
turnLeft()
collectOrToggleThenTurnRight()
collectOrToggle()
Types (Continued)
Random Gems Everywhere

Solution 1

let totalGems = randomNumberOfGems

var gemCounter = 0

bluePortal.isActive = false
pinkPortal.isActive = false
while gemCounter < totalGems {
if isOnGem {
collectGem()
gemCounter = gemCounter + 1
}
moveForward()
if isBlocked {
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
if bluePortal.isActive == true {
bluePortal.isActive = false
pinkPortal.isActive = false
} else if bluePortal.isActive ==
false {
bluePortal.isActive = true
pinkPortal.isActive = true
}
}
}

Initalization
Initializing Your Expert

Solution 1

let expert = Expert()

func solveSide() {
expert.moveForward()
expert.moveForward()
expert.moveForward()
if expert.isOnGem {
expert.collectGem()
} else {
expert.turnLockUp()
}
}

func returnToCenter() {
expert.turnLeft()
expert.turnLeft()
expert.moveForward()
expert.moveForward()
expert.moveForward()
expert.turnRight()
}

for i in 1...3 {
solveSide()
returnToCenter()
}
solveSide()
Initalization (Continued)
Train Your Expert

Solution 1

let expert = Expert()

func turnAround() {
expert.turnLeft()
expert.turnLeft()
expert.moveForward()
expert.moveForward()
}

func completeSide() {
expert.moveForward()
expert.moveForward()
expert.collectGem()
}

for i in 1 ... 2 {
completeSide()
turnAround()
expert.turnRight()
}
completeSide()
expert.turnLockDown()
turnAround()
expert.turnRight()

for i in 1 ... 3 {
expert.moveForward()
}

expert.turnLeft()
for i in 1 ... 3 {
completeSide()
turnAround()
expert.turnLeft()
}

Using Instances of Different Types

Solution 1

let expert = Expert()

let character = Character()

expert.moveForward()
expert.turnLockUp()
character.moveForward()
character.collectGem()
character.moveForward()
character.turnRight()
character.moveForward()
character.moveForward()
expert.turnLockDown()
expert.turnLockDown()
character.moveForward()
character.collectGem()
Initalization (Continued)
It Takes Two

Solution 1

let expert = Expert()

let character = Character()

func turnCorner() {
expert.moveForward()
expert.moveForward()
expert.turnRight()
expert.moveForward()
expert.moveForward()
}
expert.turnLeft()
expert.moveForward()
turnCorner()
expert.turnLeft()
expert.turnLockDown()
expert.turnLockDown()
character.moveForward()
character.moveForward()
character.collectGem()
expert.turnRight()
turnCorner()
expert.moveForward()
expert.moveForward()
turnCorner()
expert.turnLeft()
expert.turnLockUp()
character.moveForward()
character.moveForward()
character.toggleSwitch()
Parameters
Moving Further Forward

Solution 1 Solution 2

let expert = Expert()

let expert = Expert()
func move(distance: Int) { func move(distance: Int) {
for i in 1...distance { for i in 1…distance {
expert.moveForward() expert.moveForward()
} }
} }
func solvePuzzle(factorOrAddened: Int) {
move(distance: 6) expert.move(distance: factorOrAddend * 3)
expert.turnRight() expert.turnRight()
expert.move(distance: 2) expert.move(distance: factorOrAddend)
expert.turnRight() expert.turnRight()
move(distance: 5) for i in 1…2 {
expert.turnLeft() expert.move(distance:
move(distance: 5) factorOrAddend + 3)
expert.turnLeft() expert.turnLeft()
expert.turnLockUp() }
expert.turnLeft() expert.turnLockUp()
move(distance: 3) expert.turnLeft()
expert.turnRight() for i in 1…2 {
move(distance: 3) expert.move(distance:
expert.turnRight() factorOrAddend + 1)
move(distance: 4) expert.turnRight()
expert.collectGem() }
expert.move(distance: factorOrAddend
* 2)
expert.collectGem()
}
solvePuzzle(factorOrAddend: 2)
Parameters (continued)
Crack Up and Down

Solution 1

let expert = Expert()

let character = Character()

func turnAround() {
character.turnLeft()
character.turnLeft()
}

func collectGemTurnAround() {
character.moveForward()
character.moveForward()
character.collectGem()
turnAround()
character.moveForward()
character.moveForward()
character.turnRight()
}

for i in 1...4 {
expert.turnLock(up: true,
numberOfTimes: 4)
expert.turnRight()
}
for i in 1...3 {
while !character.isOnGem {
character.moveForward()
}
character.collectGem()
character.turnRight()
}
character.moveForward()
for i in 1...4 {
expert.turnLock(up: false,
numberOfTimes: 3)
expert.turnRight()
}
character.turnLeft()
character.moveForward()
character.collectGem()
turnAround()
for i in 1...3 {
character.moveForward()
character.moveForward()
if !character.isOnGem {
character.turnRight()
collectGemTurnAround()
} else {
character.collectGem()
}
}
Parameters (continued)
Placing at a Specific Location

Solution 1 Solution 2

let expert = Expert() let expert = Expert()

world.place(expert, atColumn: 1, row: 1) world.place(expert, atColumn: 2, row: 6)
expert.collectGem()
world.place(expert, atColumn: 1, row: 6) func turnAround() {
expert.collectGem() expert.turnLeft()
world.place(expert, atColumn: 6, row: 1) expert.turnLeft()
expert.collectGem() }

func turnLockCollectGem() {
expert.turnLeft()
expert.turnLockUp()
turnAround()
expert.moveForward()
expert.collectGem()
turnAround()
expert.moveForward()
expert.turnRight()
}

turnLockCollectGem()
expert.move(distance: 5)
turnLockCollectGem()
expert.move(distance: 6)
expert.collectGem()

Rivers to Cross

Solution 1

let expert = Expert()

world.place(expert, facing: .south,
atColumn: 1, row: 8)

func collectGemsInLine() {
while !expert.isBlocked {
if expert.isOnGem {
expert.collectGem()
}
expert.moveForward()
}
}

collectGemsInLine()
expert.turnLockDown()
expert.turnLeft()
collectGemsInLine()
expert.turnLockUp()
expert.turnRight()
collectGemsInLine()
Parameters (continued)
Placing Two Characters

Solution 1

let character = Character()

let expert = Expert()

world.place(character, facing: north, atColumn: 0, row: 0)

world.place(expert, facing: north, atColumn: 3, row: 0)

func collectAndJump() {
for i in 1 ... 2 {
character.collectGem()
character.jump()
character.jump()
}
}

expert.toggleSwitch()
expert.turnLockUp()

collectAndJump()
character.turnRight()
collectAndJump()
character.turnLeft()
character.collectGem()
character.move(distance: 2)
character.collectGem()

Two Experts

Solution 1

let topExpert = Expert()

let bottomExpert = Expert()

world.place(topExpert, facing: north, atColumn: 0, row: 4)

world.place(bottomExpert, facing: east, atColumn: 0, row: 0)

bottomExpert.collectGem()
bottomExpert.move(distance: 3)
bottomExpert.turnLeft()
bottomExpert.turnLock(up: true, numberOfTimes: 2)
bottomExpert.turnRight()
topExpert.turnLockDown()
bottomExpert.move(distance: 3)
bottomExpert.turnLock(up: false, numberOfTimes: 2)
topExpert.turnRight()

while !topExpert.isBlocked {
if topExpert.isOnGem {
topExpert.collectGem()
}
topExpert.moveForward()
}
Parameters (continued)
Twin Peaks

Solution 1

let totalGems = randomNumberOfGems

let expert = Expert()

let character = Character()
world.place(expert, facing: north, atColumn: 0, row: 4)
world.place(character, facing: north, atColumn: 2, row: 0)

var gemCounter = 0
var platformPosition = 0

func jumpAcrossSide() {
for i in 1...6 {
if character.isOnGem && gemCounter < totalGems {
character.collectGem()
gemCounter = gemCounter + 1
}
character.jump()
}
}

while gemCounter < totalGems {

jumpAcrossSide()
character.turnRight()
if platformPosition == 0 {
expert.turnLockUp()
platformPosition = 1
} else if platformPosition == 3 {
expert.turnLock(up: false, numberOfTimes: 2)
platformPosition = 1
}
character.moveForward()
if character.isOnGem && gemCounter < totalGems {
character.collectGem()
gemCounter = gemCounter + 1
}
if platformPosition == 1 {
expert.turnLock(up: true, numberOfTimes: 2)
platformPosition = 3
}
character.moveForward()
character.turnRight()
}
World Building
Uniting Worlds

Solution 1

let block1 = Block()

world.place(block1, atColumn: 3, row: 3)

while !isOnClosedSwitch {
moveForward()
if isBlocked {
turnLeft()
if isBlocked {
turnRight()
turnRight()
}
}
}
toggleSwitch()

Connect and Solve

Solution 1

let block1 = Block()

let block2 = Block()
let block3 = Block()
let block4 = Block()
let block5 = Block()

world.place(block1, atColumn: 2, row: 2)

world.place(block2, atColumn: 2, row: 2)

world.place(block3, atColumn: 4, row: 2)

world.place(block4, atColumn: 6, row: 2)

world.place(block5, atColumn: 6, row: 2)

func crossBridge() {
turnRight()
move(distance: 4)
collectGem()
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
move(distance: 4)
turnRight()
}

for i in 1...3 {
move(distance: 2)
toggleSwitch()
crossBridge()
}
World Building (continued)
Making Your Own Portals

Solution 1

let greenPortal = Portal(color: .green)

world.place(greenPortal, atStartColumn: 1, startRow: 5, atEndColumn: 5, endRow: 1)

var gemCounter = 0
while gemCounter < 8 {
moveForward()
if gemCounter == 4 {
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
} else {
turnLeft()
}
moveForward()
collectGem()
gemCounter = gemCounter + 1
turnLeft()
turnLeft()
}
World Building (continued)
Reach for the Stairs

Solution 1

world.place(Stair(), facing: south, atColumn: 3, row: 1)

world.place(Stair(), facing: south, atColumn: 3, row: 3)
world.place(Stair(), facing: west, atColumn: 1, row: 4)
world.place(Stair(), facing: west, atColumn: 1, row: 6)
world.place(Stair(), facing: east, atColumn: 5, row: 6)
world.place(Stair(), facing: north, atColumn: 2, row: 7)
world.place(Stair(), facing: north, atColumn: 4, row: 7)

func toggleSide() {
toggleSwitch()
while !isBlocked {
moveForward()
toggleSwitch()
}
}

func turnCorner() {
turnRight()
move(distance: 2)
turnLeft()
move(distance: 2)
turnRight()
}

move(distance: 4)
turnLeft()
move(distance: 3)
turnRight()
for i in 1 ... 2 {
toggleSide()
turnCorner()
}
toggleSide()
World Building (continued)
Floating Islands

Solution 1

let character = Character()

world.place(character, facing: south, atColumn: 1, row: 7)

func completeIsland() {
character.toggleSwitch()
character.jump()
character.collectGem()
character.turnLeft()
character.jump()
character.toggleSwitch()
}

completeIsland()
world.place(character, facing: north, atColumn: 6, row: 3)
completeIsland()
world.place(character, facing: east, atColumn: 1, row: 1)
completeIsland()

Build a Loop

Solution 1

let totalGems = randomNumberOfGems

var gemCounter = 0

world.place(Block(), atColumn: 0, row: 2)

world.place(Block(), atColumn: 3, row: 3)

let expert = Expert()

world.place(expert, facing: east, atColumn: 2, row: 3)

while gemCounter < totalGems {

if expert.isOnGem {
expert.collectGem()
gemCounter = gemCounter + 1
}
if expert.isBlocked {
expert.turnRight()
if expert.isBlocked {
expert.turnRight()
if expert.isBlocked {
expert.turnRight()
}
}
}
expert.moveForward()
}
World Building (continued)
A Puzzle of Your Own

Solution 1

world.place(Gem(), atColumn:2, row: 3)

world.place(Switch(), atColumn: 2, row: 4)
world.removeItems(atColumn: 2, row: 3)
world.removeItems(atColumn: 3, row: 4)

Arrays
Storing Information

Solution 1

var rows = [0,1,2,3,4,5]

placeCharacters(at: rows)

Iteration Exploration

Solution 1

let columns = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

for currentColumn in columns {
world.place(Gem(), atColumn: currentColumn, row: 1)
world.place(Switch(), atColumn: currentColumn, row: 1)
}

Stacking Blocks

Solution 1

let blockLocations = [
Coordinate(column: 0, row: 0),
Coordinate(column: 3, row: 3),
Coordinate(column: 0, row: 3),
Coordinate(column: 3, row: 0)
]
for coordinate in blockLocations {
for i in 1 ... 5 {
world.place(Block(), at: coordinate)
}
}
Arrays (continued)
Getting in Order

Solution 1

var characters: [Item] = [

Character(name: .blu),
Portal(color: .pink),
Character(name: .byte),
Gem(),
Character(name: .hopper)
]
// Remove the portal
characters.remove(at: 1)
// Remove the gem
characters.remove(at:2)
// Insert the Expert behind Byte
characters.insert(Expert(), at: 1)

var rowPlacement = 0
for character in characters {
world.place(character, at: Coordinate(column: 1, row: rowPlacement))
rowPlacement += 1
}

Appending to an Array

Solution 1

let allCoordinates = world.allPossibleCoordinates

var blockSet: [Coordinate] = []

for coordinate in allCoordinates {

if coordinate.column > 5 || coordinate.row < 4 {
blockSet.append(coordinate)
}
}
for coordinate in blockSet {
for i in 1…6 {
world.place(Block(), at: coordinate)
}
}
}
Arrays (continued)
Island Builder

Solution 1

let allCoordinates = world.allPossibleCoordinates

// Create two empty arrays of type [Coordinate].
var island: [Coordinate] = []
var sea: [Coordinate] = []

for coordinate in allCoordinates {

if coordinate.column >= 3 && coordinate.column < 7 && coordinate.row > 3 && coordinate.row < 7 {
island.append(coordinate)
} else {
sea.append(coordinate)
}
}

// For your island, array, place blocks.

for coordinate in island {
for i in 1...4 {
world.place(Block(), at: coordinate)
}
}

// For your sea, array, place water.

for coordinate in sea {
world.removeAllBlocks(at: coordinate)
world.place(Water(), at: coordinate)
}

Appending Removed Values

Solution 1

// Create an array of all coordinates in row 2

var row2 = world.coordinates(inRows: [2])

// Create an empty array of coordinates

var discardedCoordinates: [Coordinate] = []

for i in 1...12 {
for coordinate in row2 {
world.place(Block(), at: coordinate)
}
// Remove a coordinate and append it to your empty array
discardedCoordinates.append(row2.remove(at: 0))
}

// Place a character for each coordinate added to your empty array.

for coordinate in discardedCoordinates {
world.place(Character(), at: coordinate)
}
Arrays (continued)
Fixing Array Out of Bounds Errors

Solution 1

var teamBlu: [Character] = []

// note how many characters are in your array

for i in 1...9 {
teamBlu.append(Character(name: .blu))
}

var columnPlacement = 0
for blu in teamBlu {
world.place(blu, at: Coordinate(column: columnPlacement, row: 4))
columnPlacement += 1
}

// find the array out of bounds error

teamBlu[0].jump()
teamBlu[2].collectGem()
teamBlu[4].jump()
teamBlu[6].collectGem()
teamBlu[8].jump()

Generate a Landscape

Solution 1

var heights: [Int] = [1,0,8,9,4,3,1,6,12,5]

let allCoordinates = world.allPossibleCoordinates

var index = 0
for coordinate in allCoordinates {
if index == heights.count {
index = 0
}
for i in 0...heights[index] {
world.place(Block(), at: coordinate)
}
index += 1
}
Arrays (continued)
Randomized Lands

Solution 1

let allCoordinates = world.allPossibleCoordinates

var heights: [Int] = []

// Append random numbers to heights.

for i in 1...12 {
heights.append(randomInt(from: 0, to: 8))
}

var index = 0
for coordinate in allCoordinates {
if index == heights.count {
index = 0
}

// currentHeight stores the height at the current index.

var currentHeight = heights[index]

if currentHeight == 0 {
// Do something interesting if currentHeight is equal to 0.
world.removeItems(at: coordinate)

} else {
for i in 1...currentHeight {
world.place(Block(), at: coordinate)
}
if currentHeight > 5 {
// Do something different, such as placing a character.
world.place(Character(), at: coordinate)

} else if coordinate.column >= 3 && coordinate.column < 6 {

// Do something different, such as placing water.
world.removeItems(at: coordinate)
world.place(Water(), at: coordinate)

}
// Add more rules to customize your world.

}
index += 1

}
Arrays (continued)
Another Way to Create an Array

Solution 1

let allCoordinates = world.allPossibleCoordinates

for coordinate in allCoordinates {

let height = coordinate.column + coordinate.row

for i in 0...height {
world.place(Block(), at: coordinate)
}

if height >= 8 && height < 10 {

world.place(Character(name: .blu), at: coordinate)
} else if height > 9 {
world.place(Character(name: .byte), at: coordinate)
}
}

let characters = world.existingCharacters(at: allCoordinates)

for character in characters {

character.jump()
}
Arrays (continued)
The Art of the Array

Solution 1

// Create coordinate zones.

let allCoordinates = world.allPossibleCoordinates
let backRow = world.coordinates(inRows: [9])
let insideSquare = world.coordinates(inColumns: [4,5], intersectingRows: [4,5])
let squareCorners = world.coordinates(inColumns: [2,3,6,7], intersectingRows: [3,7])

// Place platform locks.

let squareLock = PlatformLock(color: .green)
world.place(squareLock, at: Coordinate(column: 1, row: 1))
let cornerLock = PlatformLock(color: .pink)
world.place(cornerLock, at: Coordinate(column: 8, row: 1))
let backLock = PlatformLock(color: .blue)
world.place(backLock, at: Coordinate(column: 4, row: 1))

// Place characters and platforms.

for coor in insideSquare {
world.place(Platform(onLevel: 4, controlledBy: squareLock), at: coor)
world.place(Character(name: .hopper), at: coor)
}

for coor in squareCorners {

world.place(Platform(onLevel: 4, controlledBy: cornerLock), at: coor)
world.place(Expert(), at: coor)
}

for coor in backRow {

world.place(Platform(onLevel: 2, controlledBy: backLock), at: Coordinate(column:
coor.column, row: coor.row + 1))
world.place(Character(name: .blu), facing: north, at: coor)
}

// Create arrays from existing characters.

let blus = world.existingCharacters(at: backRow)
let hoppers = world.existingCharacters(at: insideSquare)
let experts = world.existingExperts(at: squareCorners)

// Do cool stuff.
squareLock.movePlatforms(up: true, numberOfTimes: 3)

for hopper in hoppers {

hopper.turnUp()
}

cornerLock.movePlatforms(up: true, numberOfTimes: 7)

for expert in experts {

expert.collectGem()
}

for blu in blus {

blu.jump()
}
backLock.movePlatforms(up: true, numberOfTimes: 11)

for blu in blus {

blu.jump()
}
Arrays (continued)
World Creation

Solution 1

for coordinate in world.row(7) {

world.place(Character(name: .blu), at: coordinate)
}

for coordinate in world.row(5) {

world.place(Character(name: .byte), at: coordinate)
}

for coordinate in world.row(3) {

world.place(Character(name: .hopper), at: coordinate)
}