MTH1W

Module 7 Geometry

The Side-Length Relationship for Right Triangles

1. Three squares are shown on the sides of a right triangle. The areas of two squares are given.
Determine the area of the square labeled A1.

a.

b.
c. How did you know whether to add or subtract values?
2. Determine the perimeter and the area of the right triangle.

Determining Angle Measures

3. Determine the measure of x shown in each diagram. Include the relationships used in your
solution. Show your work.

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 a.

b.
4. Determine the measure of angle x shown in each diagram. Include the relationships used in your
solution. Show your work, if necessary.

a.

b.

c.

Using Circle Properties

5.
a. If someone told you the measure of the radius of a circle, describe how you would
determine the measure of the circle's diameter.
b. If someone told you the measure of the diameter of a circle, describe how you would
determine the measure of the circle's radius.
6. Determine the measure of a circle's diameter given the following.
a. Circumference = 100 cm
b. Area = 100 cm2

7.1 SOLVE PROBLEMS INVOLVING RIGHT TRIANGLES

Q1. A homeowner wants to wash the outside of a window on the second floor of their house. The window
is 14 feet above the ground. What would be the minimum length of a ladder the homeowner
could safely use?

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 To safely use the ladder, the base of the ladder needs to be one foot away from
the house for every 4 feet in height of the window.

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Q2. Show You Know: Option 1

Determine the perimeter of the triangle shown in the picture.

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Q3. A traffic yield sign is a downward pointing equilateral triangle. Each side of the triangle is 75 cm
long. Determine the area of a yield sign.

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Connect and Reflect: Triangles

Key Ideas

 The hypotenuse of a right triangle is always the longest side and is always opposite to the right
angle.

 The side-length relationship for right triangles (Pythagorean relationship) can be visualized as
the area of the square on the side of the hypotenuse, c, being equal to the sum of the areas of
the squares on the two shorter sides, a and b.

 You can represent the relationship algebraically with the equation a2+b2=c2

 When the side-length relationship for right triangles is used to determine the length of a missing
side in a right triangle, the problem will either be an addition or a subtraction problem.

o When trying to determine the length of the hypotenuse, the problem involves addition.
o When trying to determine the length of one of the two shorter sides, the problem involves
subtraction.
 You can calculate the area of a right triangle by using the formula A=bh/2 with the lengths of the
two shorter sides as the base, b, and the height, h. If one of these dimensions is unknown and you
know the length of the hypotenuse, use the side-length relationship for right triangles to calculate
the length of the unknown dimension. Then use the area formula.

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Practice

1. Represent the following pictures with an algebraic equation.

a.

b.

2. Charlie was given the following problem to solve:

Mai-lee is changing a light bulb. She rests a 6 m ladder against a wall so that its base is 1.5 m
from the wall. How high up the wall did the ladder reach?

3. Determine the area of the triangle? Explain your reasoning.

4.Calculate the area of the triangle shown.

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Apply

5. Computer screens are usually described by the length of the diagonal, not by the width and
height.

What is the length of the diagonal of a computer screen that measures 60 cm by 35 cm?

Photo Credit: Can Yesil / Shutterstock.com

6. A baseball diamond is a square with sides that measure about 27 m. How far does the player at
second base have to throw the ball to get a runner out at home plate? Round your answer to the
nearest metre.

Photo Credit: iStock.com/Gerville

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7.2 ANGLES IN A CIRCLE

Goals

 Determine the measures of angles and line segments inside a circle.

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The circle is labeled with three variables, r, d, and C.

a. Identify what the variables r, d, and C represent on a circle.

b. If r = 8 cm, determine the values of d, and C. Round your answers to the nearest tenth.
c. In the Construct menu, click on the Circle tool and then make a large circle in the Desmos
workspace.
d. Click the Select tool in the Construct menu and then click on the centre of the circle in the
workspace. Under the Construct menu, more options will appear. Click the box next to Label.
You should see the letter A appear on a line next to the word Label and on the workspace next to
the centre point. Change the letter on the line to C.
e. Click the Point tool in the Construct menu and then click on the circle. Choose the Select tool in
the Construct menu and then click on the point you made. Label this point A.
f. Click the Point tool and make a second point on the circle. Label this point B.
g. Click the Segment tool. Then click on point A followed by point B. The line segment (AB) you
created is called a chord. This chord defines an arc.
h. Use the Segment tool to construct line segments AC and BC.
i. Click the Angle tool. Then click A, C, and B in that order to get the measure of the central
angle ∠ACB.
j. Click the Point tool. Make and label point D on the major arc.

Your workspace should look similar to the following diagram, but the arrangement of the triangle
will be different.

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 k. Use the Segment tool to construct line segments AD and BD.
l. Measure the inscribed angle ∠ADB.
m. Compare the measures of the central angle ∠ACB and the inscribed angle ∠ADB. What do you
notice?

Get Hint

n. Click the Point tool. Make and label point E on the major arc. Construct and measure the
inscribed angle ∠AEB. What do you notice?
o. Predict the effect of making the following changes on the angle measures. Then make the changes
to determine if your hypothesis was correct.
a. Changing the size of the circle. (Drag the unlabelled point on the circumference you used
to make the circle.)
b. Changing the length of the chord. (Drag either point A or B on the chord but keep the
inscribed angles on the same arc.)
c. Have the inscribed angles subtend different arcs by dragging either point D or E so it is
on the minor arc.

Determine Angle Measures in a Circle

Point C is the centre of the circle. ∠AEB = 35°

a. Without using a protractor, determine the measure of ∠ADB? Justify your answer.
b. Without using a protractor, determine what is the measure of ∠ACB? Justify your answer.

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Solution

a. The inscribed angles ∠ADB and ∠AEB are equal because they are subtended by the same arc,
AB. Therefore, ∠ADB = 35°.

b. The central angle ∠ACB is subtended by the same arc, AB, as the inscribed angle ∠AEB. A
central angle is twice the measure of an inscribed angle that is subtended by the same arc.

∠ACB=2∠AEB=2×35°=70°
Therefore, ∠ACB=70°.

1. Show You Know:

Point C is the centre of the circle. ∠DAB = 55°.

What are the measures of angles ∠DEB and ∠DCB? Justify your answers.

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2.Point C is the centre of the circle. AB is a diameter and BD is a chord.

a. What is the measure of ∠ADB? Explain your reasoning.

b. What is the length of the chord AD? Explain your reasoning.

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Solution

a. The diameter is a straight line, so ∠ACB = 180°. ∠ACB is also a central angle because its vertex
is at the centre of the circle. ∠ADB is an inscribed angle that subtends the same arc as the central
angle. So ∠ADB would be half the measure of ∠ACB.

∠ADB = 180° ÷ 2 = 90°

b. Since ∠ADB = 90°, triangle ADB is a right triangle. The side-length relationship for right
triangles can be used to determine the length of the chord AD.

AD2=64, since the chord length must be a positive value.AD=8

The length of the chord AD is 8 cm.

3. Show You Know:

Point C is the centre of the circle. What is the length of AB?

Key Ideas

 Inscribed angles subtended by the same arc of a circle are equal.

∠DEB = ∠DAB

 The identical markings at the inscribed angles ∠DEB and ∠DAB indicate that the measures of
these angles are equal.
 A central angle is twice the measure of an inscribed angle subtended by the same arc.
∠DCB = 2∠DAB
 An inscribed angle is one half the measure of a central angle subtended by the same arc.
∠DAB = 1/2∠DCB

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  When the inscribed angle is subtended by a diameter of the circle, the inscribed angle is equal to
90°.

Practice

1. What are the measures of ∠ADB and ∠AEB? Justify your answers.

2.

a. What is the measure of ∠FJG? Explain your reasoning.

b. What is the measure of ∠FCG? Justify your answer.

3. Draw a circle with a central angle that measures 60°. Draw and label the measure of two
inscribed angles that are subtended by the same arc as the central angle.

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 4. Ravi constructed a circle using a compass. He used a straight edge to draw a diameter. Then he
constructed an inscribed angle that shared endpoints with the diameter

What is the measure of the inscribed angle he constructed? How do you know?

5. Point C is the centre of the circle. Diameter AD= 17 cm and chord BD = 15 cm.

a. What is the measure of ∠ABD? Explain.

b. What is the length of the chord AB?

Apply

6. The circle in the diagram has centre C and a radius of 8 cm. ∠FEG = 45°.

a. What is the measure of ∠FCG?

b. What is the length of the chord FG? Express your answer to the nearest tenth of a
centimetre.

7. In the diagram, C is the centre of the circle and ∠ABD = 38°. Justify your answer to each
question.

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 a. What is the measure of ∠ACD?

b. What type of triangle is △ACD?

c. What is the measure of ∠CAD?

8. Determine the unknown angle measures, x and y, in each diagram. Where C is labelled, it is the
centre of the circle.

a.

b.

c.

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 d.

9. The hole in the diagram has a diameter of 20 cm. What is the maximum side length of a square
that will fit into the hole? Explain your answer.

Extend

10. For each of the following diagrams, calculate the value of x.

a.

b.

11. In the semicircle, ∠HBE = 27°. C is on the diameter and is the midpoint of AB.

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 Determine the measure of each angle. Justify your reasoning.

a. ∠BHA

b. ∠BEH

c. ∠AEG

d. ∠GAH

7.3 EXPLORING CHORD PROPERTIES

1. In the Construct menu, click on the Circle tool and then make a large circle on

the Desmos workspace.
2. Click the Point tool in the Construct menu and then click on the circle two times to create two
points on the circle. Click the Segment tool and make a chord to connect the two points.
3. From the More Tools menu, select Midpoint. Then click on the chord.
4. From the More Tools menu, select Perpendicular Line. First click on the chord and then click
on the midpoint of the chord. Your diagram should look similar to the following.

Why do you think this line is called the perpendicular bisector of the chord?

5. Repeat steps 2 to 4 to create a second chord and its perpendicular bisector. Your diagram should
look similar to the following:

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 6.
a. What do you notice about the point of intersection of the two perpendicular bisectors?
b. Do you think that this will be true for any chord and any circle? Adjust the size of the
circle and the location of the chords by dragging points to test your prediction.

Apply:

Radius CD of the circle is 5 cm and bisects chord AB. Chord AB = 8 cm.

What is the length of line segment CE? Justify your solution

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Show You Know:

Radius CH bisects chord FG. Chord FG = 12 cm. CJ = 8 cm.

What is the measure of the circle's radius?

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Practice

1.

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 Explain how you could locate the centre of the circle using the two chords shown.

2. CD bisects chord AB. The radius of the circle is 15 cm. Chord AB = 24 cm.

What is the length of CE? Explain your reasoning.

3.

The radius CF bisects chord HJ. CG = 4 mm. Chord HJ = 14 mm.

What is the radius of the circle, expressed to the nearest tenth of a millimetre? Justify
your answer.

Apply

5. Hannah wants to draw a circular target on her trampoline. Explain using diagrams how she could
locate the centre of the trampoline.

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6.

a. The radius of the circle is 17 m. The radius CD is perpendicular to the chord AB. Their
point of intersection, E, is 8 m from the centre, C.

What is the length of the chord AB? Explain your reasoning.

b. Explain how can you check your solution?

7. The circular cross section of a water pipe contains some water in the bottom. The horizontal
distance across the surface of the water is 34 cm. The inner diameter of the pipe is 50 cm.

What is the maximum depth of the water in the pipe? Express your answer to the nearest
centimetre.

8. If radius CD is 5 cm, and BC = 3 cm, what is the area of △ABD?

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7.4 TANGENTS TO A CIRCLEExplore and Analyze

This investigation will explore the relationship between tangents to a circle and the radius which meets
the point of tangency. Use the interactive Desmos Geometry Tool to complete the investigation.

You can use Desmos if you wish. Open the Geometry Tool in Math Tools.

1. In the Construct menu, click on the Circle tool and then make a large circle in

the Desmos workspace.
2. Click the Point tool and make a point on the circle. Label this point T.
3. Click the Segment tool. Then click on the point at the centre of the circle followed by point T to
create a radius.

4. From the More Tools menu, select Perpendicular Line. First click on the radius and then click
on the point T.

Your workspace should look similar to the following diagram:

The perpendicular line you created is called a tangent line. Point T is referred to as the point of
tangency. Why?

5. Click the Select tool and then move the point T around the circle. What do you notice about how
the perpendicular line touches the circle?

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 6. Clear your workspace and make a new large circle. Label the centre C.
7. Click the Line tool and make a line by clicking two points on the circle. Label the points A and
B.
8. Click the Segment tool. Then click on the point C followed by point A to create a radius.

9. Click the Angle tool. Then click C, A, and B in that order to get the measure of the angle ∠CAB.

Your workspace should look similar to the following diagram, but you will have a different
angle:

10. How would you describe line segment AB?

11. Click the Select tool and then move the point A around the circle until the angle measure is 90°.
What do you notice?

 Determine Angle Measures in a Circle with a Tangent Line

In the diagram, AB is tangent to the circle at point D, BE contains the diameter FE, and ∠ABE = 50°.

a. What is the measure of ∠BDC? Explain your reasoning.

b. What is the measure of central angle ∠DCB? Explain your reasoning.
c. What type of triangle is △CDE? Explain your reasoning.
d. What is the measure of ∠DEC? Explain your reasoning.

Solution

a. Since AB is tangent to the circle at point D, then radius CD is perpendicular to line

segment AB. Therefore, ∠BDC = 90°.
b. Use Sum of the Angles in a Triangle

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 In △BCD, ∠BDC = 90° and ∠DBC = 50°.

The sum of the angles in a triangle is 180°.

∠DCB==180°−90°−50°=40°

c. △CDE is an isosceles triangle because CD and CE are radii of the circle and radii are
equal in length.

Method 1: Use Sum of the Angles in a Triangle

The sum of the angles in a triangle is 180°. Since ∠DCE = 140°, the other two angles have a sum
of 180 – 140 = 40°. Since △CDE is an isosceles triangle, the other two angles are equal in
measure.

∠DEC=40÷2=20°

Method 2: Use Inscribed Angles

∠DEF is an inscribed angle that subtends the same arc as the central angle ∠DCF. From part b, ∠DCB =
40° = ∠DCF. The measure of an inscribed angle is half the measure of the central angle that subtends the
same arc.

∠DEF=40÷2=20°=∠DEC

Show You Know:

Line segment AF is tangent to the circle at point E. Line segment DF contains the diameter DB, and
∠CFE = 34°. Determine the measures of the following angles. Explain your reasoning.

a. ∠CEF
b. ∠ECF
c. ∠EDF

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Practice

1. Salma and Omar are discussing the diagram.

Omar claims that line segment AB is a tangent to the circle because it touches the circle in one
place. Salma disagrees. Who is correct, and why?

2. If BC is a radius of the circle, is AB tangent to the circle? Explain how you know.

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 3. In the diagram, AB is tangent to the circle at point D, BE contains the diameter EF, and ∠ABE =
60°.

Explain your reasoning when answering each of the following questions.

a. What is the measure of ∠BDC?

b. What is the measure of central angle ∠DCE?

c. What type of triangle is △CDE?

d. What is the measure of ∠DEC?

7 GEOMETRYReview

7.1 Solve Problems Involving Right Triangles

1. Determine the perimeter and area of each right triangle. Round answers to the nearest tenth of a
unit or square unit.

a.

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 b.

2. A 6 m ladder leans against a vertical wall with its base 2 m from the wall.

a. How high up the wall does the top of the ladder reach? Round to the nearest tenth of a
metre.

b. Is the ladder placed safely?

7.2 Angles in a Circle

3. Determine the measure of the following angles.

a. ∠ABD

b. ∠ACD

4. What are the measures of unknown angles x and y?

5. What is the measure of ∠BAD in the semicircle?

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7.3 Exploring Chord Properties

6. Explain how you know that the line l must pass through the centre of the circle.

7. What is the length of chord AE? Explain your reasoning.

8. Archaeologists found a broken piece of a wagon wheel, as shown in the diagram. Explain how
they could determine the circumference of the entire wheel from this broken piece.

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7.4 Tangents to a Circle

9. If AB is tangent to the circle at B, what is the length of the radius?

10. Line segment AF is tangent to the circle at E, and ∠AFD = 48°.

Determine the measure of the following angles. Justify your answers.

a. ∠CEF

b. ∠ECF

c. ∠ECD

d. ∠DEC

e. ∠AED

f. ∠EDB

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