SAN JOSE COMMUNITY COLLEGE
San Jose Malilipot, Albay
MODULES FOR NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM 1
PERSON
ALITY
DEVELO MODULE 5.3
PMENT
Theories of Personality
OVERVIEW
The study of personality has a broad and varied history in psychology with an abundance
of theoretical traditions. The major theories include dispositional (trait) perspective,
psychodynamic, humanistic, biological, behaviorist, evolutionary, and social learning
perspective.
ACTIVATION
In not less than 30 words, write idea about Theories of Personality (for 5
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the module, you are expected to:
1. Discuss and explain the Theories of Personality;
2. Identify the different characteristic of individual; and
3. Differentiate the Freud’s Psychosexual stage.
Learning Experiences and Self-Assessment Activities (SAA)
There are outstanding characteristic of individual, which are by
product of heredity and environment. The theories explain the
development and emergence these personality traits and
characteristics. These theories by Hilgard (1962) as cited by
Calderon are:
1. Kretschemers’s Classification
a) Asthenic
A person is described as tall, thin body associated
with schizophrenia temperament, a mental dis order,
characterized by splitting of personality
dissociation, emotional deterioration and out of
ideational content.
b) Pyknic
He is described as short, fat body with cyclothymic
temperament, a mild manic depressive psychosis
involving recurring cycles of exhilaration and
depression.
c) Dysplastic
A bodily defective and handicapped person.
d) Normal
There is only mild form of asthenic and pyknic
characteristic and bodies and temperaments are
appropriate and accepted as normal by majority.
Literacy Training Service 1
Roberto G. De Chavez, DBA, SPBE, FRIEdr
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Self-Assessment Activities Answer Sheet
TASK 1
Know-Want-Learn (15 minutes)
Ask yourself on the things you already Know, what you Want to learn and What you Learned in
this topic. Write your answers on the space provided.
KNOW WANT
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LEARN
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FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL
STAGE
Freud proposed that psychological development in childhood takes place
during five psychosexual stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. These are called
psychosexual stages because each stage represents the fixation of libido (roughly translated as
sexual drives or instincts) on a different area of the body.
How does personality develop? According to the famous psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, children
go through a series of psychosexual stages that lead to the development of the adult
personality. His theory described how personality developed over the course of childhood.
While Freud's theory of personality development is well-known in psychology, it has always
been quite controversial, both during Freud's time and in modern psychology.
One important thing to note is that contemporary psychoanalytic theories of personality
development have incorporated and emphasized ideas about internalized relationships and
interactions and the complex ways in which we maintain our sense of self into the models that
began with Freud.
Freud believed that personality developed through a series of childhood stages in which the
pleasure-seeking energies of the id become focused on certain erogenous areas. An erogenous
zone is characterized as an area of the body that is particularly sensitive to stimulation.
During the five psychosexual stages, which are the oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital stages,
the erogenous zone associated with each stage serves as a source of pleasure.
The psychosexual energy, or libido, was described as the driving force behind behavior.
Psychoanalytic theory suggested that personality is mostly established by the age of five. Early
experiences play a large role in personality development and continue to influence behavior later
in life.
Each stage of development is marked by conflicts that can help build growth or stifle
development, depending upon how they are resolved. If these psychosexual stages are completed
successfully, a healthy personality is the result.
If certain issues are not resolved at the appropriate stage, fixations can occur. A fixation is a
persistent focus on an earlier psychosexual stage. Until this conflict is resolved, the individual
will remain "stuck" in this stage. A person who is fixated at the oral stage, for example, may be
over-dependent on others and may seek oral stimulation through smoking, drinking, or eating.
The five stages of Freud psychosexual development theory are broken up as follows. Each stage
contains an age range, stage name, an erogenous body part, and the associated consequence of
fixation at that stage of development.
Stage I: 0-1 year, oral, mouth:
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Oral desire is the center of pleasure for the newborn baby. The earliest attachment of a baby is to
the one that provides gratification to his oral needs, usually his mother. If the optimal amount of
stimulation is not available, libidinal energy fixates on the oral mode of gratification. This would
result in the child being orally aggressive or passive in a physical sense. In a more psychological
vein, the child would develop an immature personality consisting of passiveness, gullibility, and
manipulation.
Stage II: 1-3 years old, anal, bowel, and bladder:
Toilet training is an especially sensitive task during this period of the child. The parents' desire
for adequate performance shifts the libidinal energy from the oral to the anal area. The child
faces increased chances to be reprimanded, to feel inadequate, and an increased ability to
perceive a negative evaluation from a caretaker if he fails to perform in the right place at the
right time. These experiences could lead a child to develop anal retentiveness or impulsiveness.
The former being one of over-organization or neatness and the latter being one of carelessness
and disorganization.
Stage III: 6 - 12 years old, latency, dormant sexual feelings:
During this time, the libido is relatively repressed or sublimated. Freud did not identify any
erogenous zone for this stage. The child now begins to act on their impulses indirectly by
focusing on activities such as school, sports, and building relationships. Dysfunction at this stage
results in the child's inability to form healthy relationships as an adult.
Stage IV: GENITAL STAGE: (Puberty)
The child's ego becomes fully developed during this stage, and they are subsequently seeking
their independence. Their ability to create meaningful and lasting relationships is concrete, and
their sexual desires and activity are healthy and consensual. If a child or young adult experiences
dysfunction during this period, they will experience a loss or lacking the ability to develop
meaningful, healthy relationships.
Stage V: PHALLIC STAGE (36-60)
This is the stage which is characterized by calmness, following the turmoil; of the phallic stage.
During this time, the libido is submerged and does not center upon ant bodily are. It is the time
of ego development, particularly in relation to social and intellectual skills.
TASK 2
Think-Draw-explain
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Draw and explain with your own ideas on Freud’s Psychosexual Stage. Come up with an
appropriate graphic organizer to complete the stages of psychosexual by Sigmund Frued.
Write your answers on the space provided. (15 minutes)
Draw a Graphic Organizer:
Explanation:
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Self and Module Check
How was your experience? Tell me about it. (draw your response below.
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MODULE EVALUATION
SELF EVALUATION
Module is learner-friendly.
I learned a lot from this module Comprehensive and easy to
understand
Module is clear but lacks few details
I learned just right
Module has vague points that
I still need guidance on certain require revision.
topics
Module does not cater my learning
I don’t understand anything discussed needs.
Answer Answer
References:
CWTS/LTS 1
Roberto G. De Chavez, DBA, SPBE, FRIEdr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/book
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