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1. Question
a) Give the meaning of the following terms
Health : Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity. Or the absence of desease / ill health
Safety : The condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury. / The
absence of major personal injury
Welfare : Statutory procedure or social effort designed to promote the basic physical and material
well-being of workers in need. Ex: Provision of portable drinking water, Restroom etc.
b) Outline workers’ health and safety responsibilities.
Take responsible care of their own safety and that of other people who might be affected by the
things that they do and the things that they fail to do.
Comply with Organization safety instruction and procedures.
Report any situation which they believe could be a hazard and which they cannot themselves
correct.
Report any work-related accident or ill health.
Use all safety equipment properly and not tamper with it.
c) Outline an employer’s health and safety responsibilities
To Provide and maintain workplaces, machinery and equipment and use working methods those
are safe.
Give necessary instruction, training and supervision in application and use of health and safety
measures.
Introduce organizational arrangements relevant to activities and size of undertaking
Provide PPE and clothing without charge to workers.
Ensure that work organization, particularly working hours and rest breaks, does not adversely affect
occupational safety and health.
Take reasonably practical measures with a view to eliminating excessive physical and mental
fatigue.
Keep up-to-date of scientific and technical knowledge to comply with the above.
2. Question
a) Identify the three key sections of a health and safety policy.
General Statement of Intent: Demonstrates management commitment towards health and safety
and sets goals and objectives of the organization.
Organization: The purpose to which is to allocate the health and safety responsibilities within the
company and reporting lines.
Arrangements: Set out in detail the systems and procedures to show how the policy is being
implemented. (General arrangements are Planning, Organizing, 4C’s, Accident and reporting and
Specific arrangements are fire, electricity, manual handling, work at height) b) Outline ways in which
line managers can implement their organization health and safety policy.
To make sure that the company is complying with the moral and legal requirements for health and
safety.
Ensure effective implementation of health and safety policy within the company.
To make employees understand that the management is not only responsible but also accountable
for health and safety matters.
To ensure that the effective OSH training plans are in place for all employees.
To ensure that the company is giving health and safety as one of the top priority.
To ensure that the workers may feel at ease in raising the health and safety issues to them and an
effective method of employees’ consultation is in place.
Leads by example by showing commitment by getting involved in all OSH campaigns / events.
Carry out regular H & S meetings so that the issues can be addressed timely manner.
Involve and to be a part of health and safety committee to provide the platform to resolve health and
safety issues.
To carry out safety tours to meet workers and compare the theory with the reality.
To ensure that organization’s motivation activities are there in place
3. Question
a) Explain the objectives of carrying out a workplace risk assessment.
• Identify the Hazards (Mechanical hazards, Electrical hazards, Thermal hazards, noise and vibration,
radiation,)
• Decide who may be harmed and how (operatives/ workers, maintenance staff, cleaners, contractors,
visitors/public)
• Evaluate the risks and decide whether precautions are adequate or whether more should be done
(Likelihood* consequence) • Record the findings
• Review the assessment and revise it if necessary
b) Identify why a risk assessment may need to be reviewed.
• Changes in process, work methods or materials
• The introduction of new technology.
• Any change in control measures
• New information
• Results of monitoring and health surveillance.
• As consequence of accidents
• As a consequence of enforcement action.
4. Question
A worker has been injured by slipping on a wet floor after cleaning. Outline possible root
causes (management system failures) of the accident.
Failure to adequately supervise workers.
Failure to provide appropriated PPE.
Failure to provide adequate training
Lack of maintenance.
Inadequate checking or inspection.
Failure to carry out proper risk assessment.
5. Question
a) Identify types of emergency in the workplace for which people may need to be evacuated.
Fire Bomb Threat
Spillage of hazardous chemical
Release of toxic gas
Outbreak of disease
Severe weather or flooding
Multiple casualty accident
Terrorist or security incident.
b) Outline why it is important that workers receive training on emergency procedures.
Worker will know what to do when various emergency occur, if they have been provide with
information and training. Members of the public may require information on emergency procedures,
which might be provided in the form of notice or by means of public address system announcement.
To ensure everyone knows what to do when there is emergency.
To enable them become familiar with protective actions for life safety like evacuation, shelter,
shelter in place, lockdown.
Review protective actions for life safety and conduct evacuation drills.
To develop their awareness and understanding of specific hazards and risks associated with their
jobs and working environment.
Develop awareness among vulnerable people like visitors about alarm patterns and actions to be
taken.
Quick and effective actions will help ease the situation quickly and reduce the consequences.
6. Question
Outline what an organisation should consider when assessing the competence of a contractor
at the pre-selection stage.
• Check the existence of a safety policy.
• Examine the contractor's procedures for ensuring health and safety at work.
• Analyse the quality of the contractor's induction and on-going training programmes.
• Determine the level and coverage afforded by the contractor's insurance policies.
• Determine whether the contractor is a member of a reputable trade association.
• Has the contractor undertaken similar work / projects
• Has the contractor had enforcement action taken against them
• Do they come with good references
• Are the method statements suitable and sufficient
• The level of supervision that they will deploy
• The system used for managing the contract must be suited to the type of work being undertaken –
reviewing previous contracts may help with this
• The responsibilities of each of the parties involved should be clearly defined, agreed and allocated
before the start of the project
• The terms of the contract should require work to be undertaken in accordance with defined and
agreed working standards and budgetary allocation should be made for undertaking the work in the
defined manner
• Adequate backing and authority must be given to management contractors so that they can
effectively undertake site management activities.
7. Question
Identify possible costs to an organization of work-related ill-health.
Direct Costs:
a) Fines in the criminal courts.
b) First- aid or medical cost.
c) Workers sick pay.
d) Overtime to make up for the lost time.
e) Lost production time whilst dealing with the injury.
f) Compensation payable to the victim.
g) Increase in insurance premium and indemnity payment.
Indirect Costs:
(a) Loss of staff morale in the organization.
(b) Damage to public image and business reputation.
(c) Cost of recruiting and training temporary or replacement of labor.
(d) Cost of remedial action following an investigation.
(e) General difficulties in recruiting and retaining staff.
(f) Compliance with any enforcement notice served.
8. Question
Outline what needs to be considered when organizing first aid in a workplace.
• Size of the organization & number of workers. • Distribution and composition of workers.
• Types of hazards & level of risk present.
• The proximity to medical assistance.
• The special needs of workers in remote areas.
• The special needs of inexperienced workers.
• Work involving regular travel.
• Lone or shift work.
• Availability of means of communication.
9. Question
Outline reasons why accidents in a workplace should be reported and recorded.
• Legal reasons: to fulfill legal requirements under RIDDOR.
• Investigative reasons: accident reporting is the starting point for accident investigation.
• Monitoring reasons: accident-reporting help in monitoring health & safety performance.
• Reporting provides information relevant to any subsequent civil claim.
• Reporting demonstrates the need for the assist in reviews of risk assessment.
10. Question
Identify information that could be considered when reviewing an organization health and
safety performance.
• Legal compliance – the organization must be aware of any legal compliance issues, and therefore
the review should recognize any areas of legal non-compliance.
• Accident and incident data – concerning injury accidents, property damage accidents, lost time
accident, reportable event, etc.
• Safety tours, sampling and inspection – information and data gathered from general workplace
inspection reports and statutory inspection may provide evidence of conformance or non-
conformance to standards.
• Absence and sickness data – concerning work related ill health, gathered from absence monitoring
records or perhaps the occupational health department.
• Audit reports – finding of internal and external audits should be reviewed, which may present
detailed and comprehensive information on the safety management system and its effectiveness.
• Achievement of objectives – where specific target have been set for the organization as a whole of
parts of the organization, achievement towards these targets can be measured.
• Enforcement action – such as report from inspectors, enforcement notice and prosecution.
• Previous management review – in particular, the completion of action identified during those
reviews.
• Legal and best practice developments – it is important that organization remains up to date with its
legal responsibility and responds to any change.
11. Question
Posters are commonly used to communicate health and safety information in the workplace.
(a) Outline benefits of using posters to communicate to workers.
• Their relatively low cost in comparison to other propaganda methods.
• Their flexibility allowing them to be displayed in the most apposite positions,
• Their brevity allowing messages to be easily understood.
• Their big coverage: as they can be seen by a large sector of employees
• Can be used as a reinforce for verbal instructions.
• Provide a constant reminder of important health and safety issues.
• Allows employees to become involved in their selection and hence in the message being conveyed.
• Are suitable for illiterates and for different languages & dialects (as usually the posture is expressing
as a photo).
(b) Outline limitations of using posters to communicate to workers
• Need to be changed on regular basis as people will become familiar on it.
• They feed may become soiled, defaced & out of date.
• No feedback (no direct way of assessing whether the message has been understood.)
• They might alienate people if inappropriate stereotypes (e.g. of the stupid worker) are used.
• Is considered by some employers as an easy way of discharging responsibility to provide health and
safety information.
• It usually covers one topic.
