Intership Part 2
Intership Part 2
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
PRINSTON SMART ENGINEERS traces its roots back to 2004 in New Delhi and since
then have never looked back. With Dozens of successful projects under our belt, we can
proudly say that we are one of the most trusted Engineering, Maintenance &Training
Services in Delhi, and extended the services across India in various states such as Karnataka
mainly in Bangalore & Mysore, Jaipur, Gujarat. In 2016 we expanded our services in Skill
development and Training program for Engineering students in different domain. India
today produces 1.5 million Engineering graduates a year, it is however agreed by all that
75% of these graduates are unemployed, agreeing to the fact that there is need to provide
Skill training to the Engineering students. In 2018 when AICTE announced that Internship
is mandatory for Engineering students to ensure that technical students get exposure to the
Industrial environment, current technology relevant to their subject and opportunities to
learn understand and sharpen real time technical and managerial skills. On request from
colleges, we started providing quality internship from our expert's team to the students. In
2020 Prinston Smart Engineers collaborated with Wedir-Tech Trading Contracting &
Services W.L.L, Doha, Qatar for mutual benefit and better service.
The vision of the company is to become one of the most trusted, reliable and leading players
in the Indian market and also in the whole world.
MISSION
The mission of the company is, the company believes in growing a business with
conscience and to succeed it with a soul. That is the reason the company has created and
providing a platform where it connects education and community in order to prosper the
business in every way and every day.
1.4 Policies
Working as an HVAC technician can be a smart career choice and one that's thriving in
many cities across the U.S. According to Education.org, "heating, air conditioning, and
refrigeration technicians hold approximately 292,000 jobs, and job openings in the field are
expected to grow 9% through 2016."
1) Protective Gear
Any time you're exposed to contaminants like dust, gases and other debris, you will need a
respirator to avoid breathing in any harmful particles. If the respirator lacks eye protection,
it's necessary to wear either goggles or a face shield to keep your eyes safe from contact
with liquids or flying particles. Gloves and arm protectors need to be worn when handling
anything that could lacerate you such as sheet metal and glass. Slip resistant shoes should
ensure that you maintain steady footing, which is important when dealing with potential
leaks and slippery floors. If you're in an environment where objects may fall from above, a
hardhat or some type of helmet is a good idea. Also, earplugs should be worn whenever
you're in a loud environment for an extended period.
Part of being a professional HVAC technician is using the right HVAC tools for the specific
job at hand. Before starting out on jobs, you will need to have acquired an assortment of
tools like wrenches, wire strippers, an anemometer, clamp meter and vacuum gauge. With
the ever-present threat of gas and radiation leaks, having a leak detector is also important.
Keeping everything in working condition through routine maintenance is critical for staying
safe on the job.
3) Identifying Hazards
Before jumping right into a task, it's critical to take the time to make an assessment and
know exactly what you're up against. When you're new to this profession, you should
identify any potential hazards on each job site and take the proper safety precautions before
going forth. It's better to take a bit more time to get the job done right and stay safe than
rush it and wind up seriously injured. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention also
suggests that it's smart to participate in "additional electrical safety training to those workers
working with or around electrical current, including proper rescue procedures." If electrical
safety isn't part of on-the-job training, one could consider taking a short 3-month electrician
training program.
4) Chemical Safety
Daily, you're likely to encounter a range of chemicals that can pose a serious threat to your
health. Everything from refrigerants and cleaning liquids to solvents and detergents can be
problematic if handled incorrectly. In some cases, certain combustible chemicals can
explode and cause major injury. That's why you should always wear protective gloves when
handling chemicals that can cause skin burns. You should always follow proper procedures
when transporting and storing chemicals. In some cases, newer technicians will lack in-
depth knowledge on certain chemicals, so extra precaution is needed during your learning
curve. If you're at all unsure about a particular substance, you should familiarize yourself
with it or ask an expert before handling it. It's better to be safe than sorry.
5) Avoiding Shock
Because you're often dealing with electrical equipment that you may not be fully familiar
with when starting out, you should be cautious and take preventative steps to minimize your
risk of shock or electrocution. This can be especially problematic whenever there is a water
leak within an HVAC system. As water drips onto the electrical parts, it's the perfect recipe
for equipment failure and shock. Typically, the best way to stay safe is to turn off main
circuit breakers beforehand. Not only should this eliminate the threat of electrocution, but
it should prevent any expensive equipment from being damaged as well.
1.5 Services
The company Prinston Smart Engineers is involved in wide range of service sectors listed
below,
This involves operating and Maintaining a buildings Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing
things, renovating the site operating it in much efficient way and maintaining in such a way
such that it lasts for long time.
This includes building or constructing mechanical and electrical part of the building along
with plumbing. They provide their services both in small and large scale. This includes
Electrical Wiring, Plumbing, Fabrication, Welding and sprinkler systems
Started in 2016 this company provides top class program in Skill Development and
Training for the young engineers. They try shorten the gap between industry and young
graduates who come out of the college in search of the job by providing the necessity skills
needed.
IV. Interior Designing. The company also provides fine quality of service in interior
designing, with top class interior designers who are highly qualified and have great
experience in the respective field. Their high quality examination to enhance the function
and quality of interior spaces for the purpose of improving the quality of life, increasing
productivity and protecting the health safety and welfare of the public.
1.6 Customers
The company is well known for their work in the respective field they work in. they have
provided their service to most of the well-established company in their respective field. To
name a few there are companies like SHIRPA Group, Honeywell, C&S electricals, and ITC
Hotels. Along with these, the company has worked with several other organisations in
providing interior designing and energy saving solutions. In additions to that, the company
has completed many small-scale projects successfully leaving the customer satisfied such
as, International Cricket Stadium Raja Nahar Singh, Faridabad, Railway Running Room,
Kami, MP, Client - Ercon India, GAIL India Head Office, Noida Sector -15, SAIL India
Head Office, Mumbai, Bikaner Rajasthan Workshop, Client — Rites India, Coal India
Office, 3rd Floor, New Delhi, VTSE Building, IOCL Faridabad, Samulator Building
DMRC, Shastri Park, National Fertilizer Building, Noida, Indian Navy, Widows Hostel,
Vasant Kunj Along with all these customers mentioned above there are more than 50+
colleges which are based in and around Bangalore and training corporate professional as
their customers with their Skill Development and Training program. The activities of this
division mainly involves improving skills and training the students and working
professionals in their respective domain of choice with the help of the expertise from the
training department.
Chapter 2
TASKS PERFORMED
2.1 Introduction
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and
vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable
indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a sub discipline of mechanical engineering,
based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer.
"Refrigeration" is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation, as HVAC&R or HVACR or
"ventilation" is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit
breakers).
Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) refers to these aspects of building design and
construction. In commercial buildings these aspects are often designed by an engineering
firm specializing in MEP. MEP design is important for design decision-making, accurate
documentation, performance and cost-estimation, construction planning, managing, and
operating the resulting facility.
As per ASHRAE standard 62 ventilations should be done for acceptable Indoor Air Quality
(IAQ) standard. The purpose of ASHRAE standard 62 is to specify minimum ventilation
rates and indoor air quality that will be acceptable to human occupants and are intended to
minimize the potential of adverse health effects. The World Health Organization estimates
that 30 % of all buildings suffer from Sick Building Syndrome due to improper indoor air
quality and improper ventilation and air treatment.
The three major functions of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning are interrelated,
especially with the need to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality within
reasonable installation, operation, and maintenance costs. HVAC systems can be used in
both domestic and commercial environments. HVAC systems can provide ventilation and
maintain pressure relationships between spaces. The means of air delivery and removal
from spaces is known as room air distribution.
2. Furnace / Heating unit: The furnace is designed to heat air, which is then
distributed to different portions of your home via ductwork or piping.
3. Filters: A porous device for removing impurities or solid particles from the air that
passes through it.
5. Condensing units: This unit is found on the outside of your home and filled with
what is called refrigerant gas. When the refrigerant is cooled, the condensing unit pumps
this liquid to the evaporator coil to be transformed into gas again.
6. Evaporator (cooling coil): The evaporator coil is used to cool down the air when
your thermostat is set to a lower temperature. This cold air is then funneled throughout your
home.
7. Control System: This is the most obvious portion of your HVAC system, and the
piece you'll interact with most. Usually installed on an easily accessed walls, it can be set
manually and programmed to keep your home at your ideal temperature.
8. Air Handling Unit (AHU): a device used to condition and circulate air as part of a
heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. An air handler is usually a large
metal box containing a blower, heating or cooling elements, filter racks or chambers, sound
attenuators, and dampers. Air handlers usually connect to a ductwork ventilation system
that distributes the conditioned air through the building and returns it to the AHU
Step 1: Compression
The refrigerant enters the compressor at low temperature and low pressure. It is in a
gaseous state. Here, compression takes place to raise the temperature and refrigerant
pressure. The refrigerant leaves the compressor and enters to the condenser. Since this
process requires work, an electric motor may be used.
Step 2: Condensation
The condenser is essentially a heat exchanger. Heat is transferred from the refrigerant to a
flow of water. This water goes to a cooling tower for cooling in the case of water-cooled
condensation. As the refrigerant flows through the condenser, it is in a constant pressure.
When the refrigerant enters the throttling valve, it expands and releases pressure.
Consequently, the temperature drops at this stage. Because of these changes, the refrigerant
leaves the throttle valve as a liquid vapor mixture, typically in proportions of around 75 %
and 25 % respectively
Step 4: Evaporation
At this stage of the Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle, the refrigerant is at a lower
temperature than its surroundings. Therefore, it evaporates and absorbs latent heat of
vaporization. Heat extraction from the refrigerant happens at low pressure and
temperature.
Compressor suction effect helps maintain the low pressure.
PSYCHROMETRY CHART
A psychrometric chart is a graphical representation of the psychrometric processes of air.
Psychrometric processes include physical and thermodynamic properties such as dry bulb
temperature, wet bulb temperature, humidity, enthalpy, air density.
A psychrometric chart can be used in two different ways. The first is done by plotting
multiple data points, that represent the air conditions at a specific time, on the chart.
Then, overlaying an area that identifies the "comfort zone." The comfort zone is defined
as the range within occupants are satisfied with the surrounding thermal conditions. After
plotting the air conditions and overlaying the comfort zone, it becomes possible to see
how passive design strategies can extend the comfort zone
ao
Simplified 30 psychrometric
chart at 1 atm total pressure
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Fig 3: Psychometric Chart
2. ELECTRICAL
Virtually all modern buildings integrate some form of AC mains electricity for powering
domestic and everyday appliances. Such systems typically run between 100 and 500 volts,
however their classifications and specifications vary greatly by geographical area. Mains
power is typically distributed through insulated copper wire concealed in the building's
subfloor, wall cavities and ceiling cavity. These cables are terminated into sockets mounted
to walls, floors or ceilings.
Similar techniques are used for lights however the two services are usually separated into
different circuits with different protection devices at the distribution board. Whilst the
wiring for lighting is exclusively managed by electricians, the selection of luminaries or
light fittings may be left to building owners or interior designers in some cases. Threephase
power is commonly used for industrial machines, particularly motors and high-load
devices. Provision for three phase power must be considered early in the design stage of a
building because it has different regulations to domestic power supplies, and may affect
aspects such as cable routes, switchboard location, large external transformers and
connection from the street.
3. PLUMBIMG
Competent design of plumbing systems is necessary to prevent conflicts with other trades,
and to avoid expensive rework or surplus supplies. The scope of standard residential
plumbing usually covers mains pressure potable water, heated water (in conjunction with
mechanical and/or electrical engineers), sewerage, storm water, natural gas, and sometimes
rainwater collection and storage.
Il
STANDARD CODES OF HVAC
DUCT
Ducts are conduits or passages used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)
to deliver and remove air. The needed airflows include, for example, supply air, return air,
and exhaust air. Ducts commonly also deliver ventilation air as part of the supply air. As
such, air ducts are one method of ensuring acceptable indoor air quality as well as thermal
comfort. A duct system is also called ductwork. Planning (laying out), sizing, optimizing,
detailing, and finding the pressure losses through a duct system is called duct design.
Fig 5: Ducts
TYPES OF DUCTS
Square Duct:- Height and Width of the duct are Same.
RECTANGULAR DUCT:-
In Rectangular Duct we should provide "5inch" gap at top and bottom of false ceiling and
true ceiling respectively. It is Hanging type Duct.
VENTILATION
Ventilation is the process of changing or replacing air in any space to control temperature
or remove any combination of moisture, odours, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, or
carbon dioxide, and to replenish oxygen. Ventilation includes both the exchange of air with
the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. It is one of the most important
factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in buildings. Methods for ventilating
a building may be divided into mechanical/forced and natural types.
NATURAL VENTILATION
The process of pulling fresh air into a building from the outside. In turn, this fresh air helps
force the warm, dirty air inside of the building out through the opening in the roof. This
becomes done, without mechanical assistance.
STACK VENTILATION
AUTOCAD Design Master HVAC is a complete ductwork drafting and calculation software
program that works directly inside AutoCAD. Define the parameters of your project as you
draft, then perform calculations within the software using those parameters. Make
revisions that are accounted for throughout the design. Build your HVAC systems faster
and more accurately with Design Master.
Carrier's Hourly Analysis Program (HAP) is a computer tool which assists engineers in
designing HVAC systems for commercial buildings. HAP is two tools in one. First it is a tool
for estimating loads and designing systems. Second, it is a tool for simulating building
energy use and calculating energy costs.
Duct Sizer software calculates the friction loss in a section of duct. The user can choose
from three different types of duct construction, and rectangular or round. The program
allows the user to input multiple sections and view the overall results. Output can be
exported to excel
The amount of heating that a building needs to maintain the indoor temperature at
established levels. Heat capacity means the amount of heat that a piece of HVAC
equipment can provide. When you see the term 'heating capacity,' it refers to the actual
heating equipment. Load Calculation can be Divided into 2 Factors
Parameters:
Project details
Infiltration
Internal heat
Chapter 3
OUTCOMES
AutoCAD
Chapter 4
CONCLUSION
Since HVAC systems are the largest energy consumers in a building, it is important to
ensure that energy efficiency methods are in place to ensure reduction in energy
consumption, costs and greenhouse gas emissions.
Given its crucial role in determining the temperature and quality of air, it becomes all the
more important to know its basics. This way, you can not only avoid faulty installation
but also prevent any future shortcomings. Moreover, you will also avoid any premature
wear and tear or an expensive breakdown of the HVAC types & their units.
I am glad that I got an opportunity to work on this field where I learnt something new
about Air conditioning system, where we used some software's such as HAP, BETA
and Auto CAD, we learnt to calculate the heat load for the particular room where the
Air conditioning system has to be installed, along with that we learnt what and all the
parameters to be considered while designing a HVAC system.
REFERENCES
[3] Richard Taft, "Rx for Health-Care HVAC", ASHRAE Journal, 2006.
[5] Bajwa, M., Aksugur, E., and Al-Otaibi, G., "The Potential of the Evaporative
Cooling Techniques in the Gulf Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia", 1993.
BRIEF-BIO DATA