Drafting

Terms Meaning

1. tool : an implement for manual use

2. instruments : devices for drawing, like the compass and divider
3. equipment : large tools for drawing
4. drafting : a subject in TLE that dwells on lines and its uses in industry
5. drawing : sketching, freehand or mechanical
6. fasten : attach

1. Answer the pretest and posttest before proceeding to the first lesson.

PRETEST

I. Multiple Choice: Choose the letter corresponding to the best answer. Write the letter of your
answer on the space before each number.

____ 1. Which among these tools is used for drawing horizontal lines?
a. triangle
b. protractor
c. ruler
d. t-square

____ 2. If drawing inclined lines, what tool is best used?

a. protractor
b. divider
c. triangle
d. ruler

____ 3. What grade of pencil is used for mechanical drawing?

a. B
b. F
c. H
d. HB

____ 4. What should you do before starting to draw?

a. prepare all tools
b. clean the drawing table
c. sharpen the pencil
d. fasten the drawing paper

____ 5. Which of the following is used for drawing circles and arcs?
a. protractor
b. French curve
c. compass
d. divider
____ 6. Which is used for inking straight lines?
a. ruling pen
b. guill pen
c. speedball pen
d. fountain pen

____ 7. If you want to get the accurate angle measurement which of the following should be used?
a. compass
b. triangles
c. protractor
d. ruler

____ 8. Which of the following is considered a smooth, flat surface where you fasten the drawing
pages?
a. drawing table
b. dining table
c. study table
d. center table

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____ 9. Which part of the compass is where you place your thumb and forefinger for turning?
a. nib
b. legs
c. head
d. handle

____ 10. A tool used to draw irregular curve lines is

a. triangle
b. divider
c. compass
d. French curve

II. Identify the tools used in drawing each of the following lines and figures:

____________ 1.

____________ 2. 45 0

____________ 3.

____________ 4.

____________ 5.
300

____________ 6.

____________ 7.

____________ 8.

____________ 9.

____________ 10.

Lesson 1
Common Drafting Tools, Instruments and Equipment
1. The PENCIL is considered the most important tool of a draftsman. A draftsman is person who
draws plans for architect or engineers. You cannot start your drawing without a pencil. There are
three (3) grades of pencils as shown in the table below:

Grade Symbol Uses

1. Hand H Mechanical Drawing like
plans of building & house

2. Medium Lettering

3. Soft Freehand sketching like

charcoal rendering

Trivia:
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 Mechanical Drawing – a type of drawing which uses drawing tools and instruments
Freehand Drawing – a type of drawing which does not use any tool or equipment

2. TRIANGLES are used for drawing vertical and inclined lines with the aid of a t-square. There are
two kinds of triangles 30 x 60 and 45 x 45.
3. T-square is a drawing tool that is used for drawing horizontal lines only. The head of the T-
square is always anchored at the left side of the drawing table.

Removable Head Fixed Head Adjustable Head

4. FRENCH CURVE is a tool used for drawing irregular curve lines. It is made of celluloid material
and can be bought in art supplies shops just like the triangles.

5. SET OF DRAWING INSTRUMENTS

Compass – an instrument used for drawing circles and arcs.
DIVIDER – an instrument used for transferring measurements.
RULING PEN – an instrument used for inking straight lines.
SMALL SCREWDRIVER – an instrument used for tightening screws of the compass and
divider.

6. ERASER – instrument used for rubbing off mistakes drawn.

7. DRAFTING TAPE – is used for fastening the drawing paper on the drawing board.
The most commonly used tape is the masking tape for it does not
destroy the surface of the paper.
8. PROTRACTOR – is a tool used for accurate angle measurement of lines.
It is made of celluloid material or metal.
9. A DRAWING BOARD – is an inclined, flat and smooth surface. Its sides are angled 90 0
degrees and this is where the drawing paper is fastened.

Self-check:

Choose the correct answer from the word pool below:

T-square triangle H pencil

French curve eraser drafting tape

divider ruling pen compass

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_______________ 1. The instrument used for drawing circles and arcs.

_______________ 2. The instrument used for transferring measurements.

_______________ 3. The tool used in drawing horizontal lines.

_______________ 4. The tool used in drawing vertical lines.

_______________ 5. The best tape for fastening the drawing paper on the drawing board.

Lesson 2

Proper Care of Drafting Tools and Equipment

As a drafting student, you should know how to take good care of your tools, instruments and
equipment to utilize them for a long time and to serve you better. You must be responsible in handling
them properly. Below is the list of do’s and don’ts on the proper care of drafting tools, instruments and
equipment.

DO’S WHY
1. Wipe the top of your drawing board 1. A clean table serves a clean drawing
before starting to work. paper.
2. Check and clean your tools before and 2. A clean tool does not smear your
after using them. drawing.
3. Keep your pencil points sharp at all 3. A sharp pencil produces sharp and neat
times. lines.
4. Use tools only for the purpose they are 4. Every tool has its purpose.
made. 5. A dry, clean and safe place extends the
5. Store your tools in a dry, clean and safe life and service of your hand tools.
place.

DON’TS Why
1. Do not use the edge of the T-square and 1. It will break the edge of these tools and
triangles as guide in cutting paper. they will not help produce straight lines.
2. Do not sharpen your pencil on top of your 2. The granite might contaminate the
workplace. drawing paper. It will make the surface
3. Do not bite the lead of your pencils. dirty.
4. Do not drop the compass and ruling pen 3. Lead is poisonous. It retards the brain.
and divider. 4. It might cause a nick on the ribs of the
5. Do not erase on surfaces and spaces instruments.
without mistakes. 5. A surface rubbed by an eraser tends to
ink bleed and smear.

Activity 3

On a short bond paper follow the format below and make your stand on what to do and not to
do with your drafting tools and instruments by listing the DO’s and DON’Ts on its proper corner.

Make a Stand!
What to Do

How to take care of my tools and instruments

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What Not to Do
 Self-check
Write C if the statement is correct, and W if wrong.

______ 1. Keep your pencil points sharp at all times.

______ 2. Always store tools in dry, clean and safe place.
______ 3. You can use the t-square as guide in cutting paper.
______ 4. Sharpen your pencil on top of your workplace.
______ 5. Wipe the top of your drawing board before starting to work.

Lesson 3

How to Use Drafting Tools, Instruments and Equipment Correctly

There are certain ways of using drawing tools and instruments properly. As drafting student,
you should be able to master these techniques. Proper use and care of each tool, instrument and
equipment are vital to your work.

The t-square is used only for drawing horizontal lines. The head of the t-square should hang-
out at the outer left side of the drawing board. The position of the body of the t-square should always
be 900 from the left and right edge of the drawing board. The left hand should always be over the
body of the t-square to keep it in place.

Pencil approx. 600 to Rotate pencil

paper slowly

Rotate pencil Pencil approx. 600 to paper

slowly

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 The compass is an instrument used for drawing circles and arcs. The correct way of handling it
is to hold its head by the forefinger and thumb to turn it when inscribing. Locate the centerpoint of a
circle or arc before drawing the desired diameter or radius of a circle.

The divider is similar to a compass but they differ in use. A divider is used only for transferring
distance by holding its head with your forefinger and thumb.

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 Bow Pen Bow Pencil Bow Divider
Activity 4

Practice line exercises by following the steps below.

1. On your oslo paper, draw the borderline using your pencil by measuring 1 cm from the edge of the
paper.
2. Draw four squares measuring 10 cm x 10 cm. Use your t-square and triangle.
3. Arrange the squares on the central part of the paper.
4. On the first square, draw vertical lines measuring 1 cm apart. Label it box A.
5. On the second square, draw horizontal lines measuring 1 cm apart. Label it box B.
6. On the third square, draw inclined liens at 30 0 at a distance of 1 cm apart from each other. Label
the third square box C.
7. In the fourth square, draw inclined lines at 45 0 distances of lines from one another. Label the last
square box D.

Evaluate your work using the criteria below.

Criteria 5 – Excellent 4 – Very Good 3 – Good 1 – Poor

1. The lines in Box A and B are
spaced at 1 cm equally from
each other.
2. The lines in Box C are angled at
300.
3. The lines in Box D are angled at
450.
4. The borderline is drawn in
straight heavy lines and corners
are angled at 900.
5. The borderline is 1 cm away
from the edge of the paper.

20 – 25 – Excellent
16 – 19 – Very Good
10 – 15 – Good
5 – 9 – Poor

L ET’S SUMMARIZE

 Pencil is a tool used by a draftsman. It comes in 3 grades: H, HB or F &B

 Triangles are tools used for drawing vertical and inclined lines.
 T-square is a tool used for horizontal lines only.
 Compass is a drawing instrument used for inscribing circles and arcs.
 Divider is a drawing instrument used for transferring measurements .
 Eraser is a tool for erasing unwanted lines.
 Drafting tape is used for fastening the drawing paper on the drawing board.
 Drawing board is an inclined flat and smooth surface where the drawing paper is placed

POSTTEST

I. Identify the following:

_______ 1. A tool for drawing horizontal lines.

_______ 2. A tool for drawing diagonal and vertical lines.
_______ 3. A tool for dividing accurate angle measurements.
_______ 4. An instrument for drawing circles and arcs.
_______ 5. An instrument for transferring distances and measurements.
_______ 6. An instrument for inking straight lines.
_______ 7. A tool for drawing irregular curve lines.
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_______ 8. The pencil grade used for mechanical drawing.
_______ 9. A tool for rubbing out unwanted lines.
_______ 10. An instrument used for tightening the screws of compasses and dividers.

II. Choose only the letter of the correct answer.

____ 1. A type of drawing that does not use any drawing instrument and equipment
a. mechanical
b. freehand
c. architectural
d. technical

____ 2. The first step before starting to draw.

a. prepare all the tools
b. clean the drawing table
c. fasten the drawing table
d. sharpen your pencil

____ 3. A tool commonly used in drafting.

a. pencil
b. triangle
c. protractor
d. t-square

____ 4. A smooth, inclined surface where you fasten your drawing paper.
a. dining table
b. teacher’s table
c. working table
d. drawing table

____ 5. The pencil grade used for lettering.

a. H
b. HB
c. 9H
d. B

ANSWER KEY

Pretest
1. d
2. c
3. c
4. b
5. c
6. a
7. c
8. a
9. c
10. d
II.
1. t-square
2. triangle
3. French curve
4. t-square
5. compass

Lesson 1: Self-check
1. compass
2. divider
3. t-square
4. triangle
5. drafting tape

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Lesson: Self-check
1. C
2. C
3. W
4. W
5. C

Posttest
I.
1. t-square
2. triangle
3. protractor
4. compass
5. divider
6. ruling pen
7. French curve
8. H
9. eraser
10. small screwdriver

II.
1. b
2. b
3. a
4. d
5. HB/F

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