Section 1 OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN LAB
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objectives
1.2 UML Diagrams
1.3 Tools for Drawing UML Diagrams
1.4 Some UML Diagrams
1.4.1 Some UML Diagrams for Practice
1.5. List of Lab Exercise
1.6 References/Further Readings
1.0 Introduction
Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) is one of the very important courses as it
helps in developing a conceptual understanding of the Analysis and Design of the system.
While the study of OOAD, one needs to study a lot of problems and analyse them. Object
oriented (OO) approach is though very challenging but it is very powerful approach for
system development. Basic concepts like class, object, inheritance, polymorphism etc. help in
designing of the system. A class in the system serve as a model for which we create objects.
The interaction of objects with each other makes the system functional. Systems developed
using the OO approach provide systems reusability, reliability, robustness, and extensibility.
This section is based on OOAD laboratory exercises of course MCS-219. The main objective
of this lab manual is to make different Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams. Some
of the tools/software that may be used to draw UML diagrams are AgroUML, StarUML,
BOUML, Dia, Visual Paradigm, Edraw-Max, Smart Draw, MS-Visio, Rational UML and
IBM Rational.
1.1 OBJECTIVES
After completing this lab section, you should be able to:
Draw different UML diagrams for specified systems,
Implement the UML diagrams in code, and
Do mapping of classes into database tables.
1.2 UML DIAGRAMS
UML is ready to use, expressive visual modelling language. It provides extensibility and is
independent of any particular programming language. UML is used for designing Object
Oriented Systems. UML is used as a documentation language. It is used for modelling the
activities of project planning and related activities.
UML diagrams are used to graphically represent the related artifacts and elements such as
actors, roles, classes, actions etc. of the system. UML includes the following nine diagrams
which are used to represent different aspects of the systems model. Details about UML
diagrams and their components can study in the MCS-219 course.
Nine UML Diagrams:
1. Class Diagram
2. Object Diagram
3. Use Case Diagram
4. Sequence Diagram
5. Collaboration Diagram
6. Statechart Diagram
7. Activity Diagram
8. Component Diagram
9. Deployment Diagram
1.3 TOOLS FOR DRAWING UML DIAGRAMS
To draw UML diagrams, many tools are available. You may draw UML diagrams using
simple drawing tools of MS-Words or Paint software. You may also draw UML diagrams
using specialised software tools designed for this purpose. Here is the description of some
tools/software which may be used for UML diagrams. `
ArgoUML: It is an open-source UML modeling tool which includes support for all standard
UML diagrams, including statechart, activity diagrams, class diagrams, use-case diagrams,
collaboration designs, deployment, and sequence diagrams, among others. You may run it on
any Java platform, and it is available in other languages also. ArgoUML is written entirely in
Java and uses the Java Foundation Classes (JFC). You can download ArgoUML ( download
from https://argouml.en.softonic.com/) on your computer and use it. Once downloaded, you
can run the setup file and install the program on your Windows PC. You may even create a
desktop shortcut so that you can launch the application anytime without any hassle. Since the
application is written in Java, you may run it on any machine that has JRE (Java Runtime
Environment) installed.
StarUML: It is an open-source software to develop a flexible, extensible, featureful, and
freely-available UML platform. The aim of the StarUML software is to build a software
modeling tool not only for UML diagrams but also for DFD and ERD. StarUML is a multi-
lingual project and not tied to a specific programming language, so any programming
languages can be used to develop StarUML. Examples C/C++, Java, Visual Basic, Delphi,
JScript, VBScript, C# and VB.NET etc. If you want to add more and more functionalities to
your developing software then this tool must have the well-defined plug-in platform and fulfil
your requirements. The key features of StarUML include the followings:
Multi-platform support (MacOS, Windows and Linux)
UML 2.x standard compliant
Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)
Data-flow diagram (DFD)
Flowchart diagram
Open APIs
Various third-party extensions
BOUML: It is UMKL diagram designer software. It runs under Windows, Linux and
MacOS X operating systems. You may download BOUML from https://www.bouml.fr/ . It
can be used for the automatic generation of code from the UML class diagrams and rebuild
them from existing source code using the languages: C++, Java, PHP and MYSQL. It can
also generate code for Python and IDL.
Visual Paradigm: It is a UML CASE Tool supporting UML 2. It is a powerful visual
modeling tool that helps you to build and manage your diagrams and model elements. You
may download it from https://www.visual-paradigm.com/solution/freeumltool/ .
Using any of the above software, you can draw the UML diagram given in the exercise list of
this section. In this lab manual will see the demonstration of some UML diagrams drawing
using StarUML software. Again it is to mention that the objective of doing the exercises in
this section is to learn about UML diagrams thereof; you may use any tool/software at your
convenience to draw the UML diagrams.
1.4 SOME UML DIAGRAMS
Now let us see the drawing of some UML diagrams using StarUML. To practice, you can
download StarUML software from the download page http://staruml.io/download and install
on your computer.
Creating Diagrams using StarUML
You can start StarUML from the Windows Start Menu. First, you will see after starting the
main Project window, as shown in figure 1.1
Main Menu: The main menu is at the top of the screen. Most StarUML functions are
accessible through the main menu.
Toolbars: The yare right below the main menu. They contain frequently used menu items.
The centre part of the screen is used for creating a diagram.
Model Explorer: It is located in the upper right corner of the screen. This corner shows the
model elements in hierarchical structures.
Editor: It is located in the lower right corner of the screen, which is used for editing the
properties of model elements. The position of all the sections depends on the installed version
of the software.
Figure 1.1: StarUML—Main Window
Your diagrams are created in the form of Project. It is a basic management unit which is a
top-level element stored as a single file (.mdj). You can press Ctrl+N or select File-> New for
creating a modeling project. If you already have some model files (.mdj), you can open it in
StarUML by pressing Ctrl+O or select File-> Open and then select a file in the Open Dialog
box. You can save the working project by pressing Ctrl+S or selecting File -> Save. If you
want to save your model file as another file, press Ctrl+Shift+S or select the File -> Save As
option from the menu bar.
Class Diagram
A class Diagram is a static structure diagram used to describe the structure of a system by
showing the classes in the system, attributes in the classes, operations (methods) and the
relationships among them.
For creating class diagram, you can select Model -> Add Diagram->| Class Diagram in the
Menu Bar or select class option on one of the tools in the Toolbox. You can click in Toolbox
(see figure 1.1) for an element and then click at the place within the diagram area where you
want the object to be created. An instance of the type of object you selected will then appear
at that point on the diagram. You can change the default name as per your requirement (see
figure-1.1) and add attributes, operations to the class. In a similar manner, you can place all
elements on the diagram area and create a relationship between them. The figure-1.2 shows
the Student Registration class diagram. You have already studied the class diagram in the
course MCS-219.
Figure 1.2: Class Diagram for Student Registration System
Figure-1.2 shows the class diagram for Student Registration System. Similarly, the figure-1.3
shows another class diagram for association between classes in which two classes, such as
Schools and Universities are associated with a ‘Works-for’ association. You can set the
properties of the elements in the Editor section.
Figure 1.3: An association between classes
You can practice more by drawing the following class diagram.
Figure 1.4 : A Typical Class Diagram for Banking System
Use Case Diagram
A use case is a description of the user’s standpoint on the system working. You can say that a
use case is used in system analysis to identify, clarify and organize system requirements. The
use case diagram provides set of possible sequences of interactions between systems and
users in a particular environment and related to a particular goal. The main component of this
diagram is Actors, Use Cases and interrelationships among actors and use cases.
For creating a Use Case diagram, you can select the Model -> Add Diagram option from the
main menu and then select Use Case Diagram (see Figure -1.4)
Figure 1.4: Use Case menu option
All the tools are available in Toolbox section. Now, select the ‘Actor’ option to create Actors
such as Student and Librarian and click at the place within the diagram area where you want
the object to be created. In the similar way, you can select the ‘Use Case subject’ option and
give a name to this. After this, you can choose ‘Use Case’ to draw cases such as ‘Borrow
Book’ and ‘Return Book’ and connect them with the Actors. Now your diagram will look like
the following figure-1.5:
Figure 1.5: Use Case Diagram for Library Book (Borrow and Return)
You can practice more by drawing the following Use Case diagram.
Figure 1.6 : Use Case Diagram for Bank ATM System
Activity Diagram
An activity Diagram is similar to a flowchart, used to represent the flow from one activity of
the system to to another activity. The activities are nothing but the operations of the system.
The control flow is drawn from one operation to another.
For creating an Activity diagram, you can select the Model -> Add Diagram option from the
main menu and then select Activity Diagram. The tools related to the Activity diagram are
accessible in the toolbox section. You can only select and place them on the diagram area and
give a name to all elements. The following figure-6 shows the Activity diagram, which
contains elements such as Initial, Action, Decision, Control Flow and Final.
Figure 1.6: Activity Diagram
Statechart Diagram
At any given time, an object is in a particular state. This transition from one state to the next
state is represented by a state diagram. For example, a person can be a newborn, infant, child,
adolescent, teenager or adult. A washing machine can be either in the soaking, washing,
rinsing and spinning or off state.
For creating a Statechart diagram, you can select the Model -> Add Diagram option from the
main menu and then select Statechart Diagram. Now, you can select Initial State and click at
the place within the diagram area where you want the object to be created. In a similar way,
you can choose Simple State and Final State options from Toolbox to draw their respective
elements of the Statechart diagram and assign a name to all elements of the diagram. You can
see the Statechart diagram for the washing machine in the following Figure-1.7.
Figure 1.7: Statechart Diagram
In this way, you can easily draw other UML diagrams.
1.4.1 Some UML Diagrams for Practice
1. Use Case Diagram for Working of ATM Technical Expert.
Figure 1.8: Use Case Diagram for Working of ATM Technical Expert
2. Use Case Diagram for ATM System.
Figure 1.9: Use Case Diagram for ATM System
3. Sequence Diagram.
Figure 1.10: Sequence Diagram for Bank ATM Operations
2 State transition Diagram.
3. Activity Diagram.
Figure 1.12: Activity Diagram for Bank ATM Operations
4. Collaboration Diagram.
Figure 1.13: Collaboration Diagram for Banking System
5. Deployment Diagram.
Figure 1.14: Deployment Diagram
1.5 SESSION WISE LIST OF LAB EXERCISE
This section contains a list of exercises that you should perform during your lab sessions.
You need to prepare a draft solution prior to start of the session and implement it during the
designated lab session. While solving/answering each of the following exercises, you
should write problems description in about 300-500 words and also list the basic
assumptions related to the problem. This will help you to limit your solution within the
specified scope and will also help the evaluator in evaluating your answers/solutions.
Session-1
1. Draw Class Diagram for Online Shopping System (First, list the assumptions of the
shopping system and then identify classes, and then draw the diagram).
2. Draw Class Diagram for Online Examination System.
3. Draw Object Diagram for Online Banking System.
Session-2
4. Draw Use Case Diagram for Online Shopping System.
5. Draw Use Case Diagram for Library Management System.
Session-3
6. Draw Sequence Diagram for Online Shopping System.
7. Draw Sequence Diagram for Online Examination System.
8. Draw a Sequence diagram for Employee Management System.
Session-4
9. Draw Collaboration Diagram for Student Registration Process in Masters Program of
a University.
10. Draw Collaboration Diagram for Online Banking System.
11. Draw a Collaboration diagram for Employee Management System.
Session-5
12. Activity Diagram Online Banking System.
13. Draw Activity Diagram for Online Examination System.
Session-6
14. State Chart Diagram for Online Examination System.
15. State Chart Diagram for Online Fund Transfer through Netbanking Banking System.
Session-7
16. Draw Component Diagram for Online Examination System.
17. Draw Component Diagram for Order Processing Application.
18. Diagram Deployment Diagram for Online Student Admission System.
Session-8
19. Implement the following Class Diagram in C++/Java.
Figure 1.15: Class Diagram for Student Registration
20. Implement the Class Diagram of figure 1.18, in C++ or Java.
Session-9
21. Implement the following Associations using C++/Java.
Figure1.16: Train-Journey Association
22. Implement the following Associations using C++/Java.
Figure 1.17: Person and Bank Account
Session-10
23. Do mapping of the following Classes into database tables
Figure1.18: Customer Order Association Class
1.6 REFERENCES/FURTHER READINGS
Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh and Ivar Jacobson, “The Unified Modeling Language
User Guide”, Pearson Education,2004.
https://argouml.en.softonic.com/
https://argouml-tigris-org.github.io/tigris/argouml/
https://staruml.io/
https://docs.staruml.io/
https://docs.staruml.io/user-guide/editing-elements
http://staruml.sourceforge.net/docs/user-guide(en)/toc.html
https://www.bouml.fr/
https://docplayer.net/21262400-Staruml-documentation.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unified_Modeling_Language_tools
https://www.uml.org/
https://www.uml-diagrams.org/index-examples.html
https://www.uml-diagrams.org/classifier.html
https://www.uml-diagrams.org/dependency.html
https://www.uml-diagrams.org/association.html
https://www.uml-diagrams.org/package-diagrams-overview.html
https://www.uml-diagrams.org/package-diagrams.html
