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Pharmacy Informatics
Activity 3a
Group Leader: Date: ____________

1. Banguih, Al-haber B.
Members:
1. Amilhasan, Al-Izmi
2. Hayudini, Ben Dehya A.
Instructions: This activity is based on our previous discussion about the different research
designs. You need to look for the appropriate research papers and answer the questions for
each type of research design specified below.
1. Qualitative Study
Title:
Exploring the experiences of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A

qualitative study
Authors:
Hui Zhang, Dandan Chen, Ping Zou, Nianqi Cui, Jing Shao, Ruoling Qiu, Xiyi Wang, Man Wu
and Yi Zhao
Abstract:
To date, a large body of literature focuses on the experience of healthcare providers who cared
for COVID-19 patients. Qualitative studies exploring the experience of healthcare workers in
the workplace after recovering from COVID-19 are limited. This study aimed to describe the
experience of healthcare workers who returned to work after recovering from COVID-19.
Three major themes about the psychological experiences of healthcare workers who had
recovered from COVID-19 and returned to work were identified: (1) holding multi-faceted
attitudes toward the career (sub-themes: increased professional identity, changing
relationships between nurses, patients, and physicians, and drawing new boundaries between
work and family), (2) struggling at work (sub-themes: poor interpersonal relationships due to
COVID-19 stigma, emotional symptom burden, physical symptom burden, and workplace
accommodations), (3) striving to return to normality (sub-themes: deliberate detachment,
different forms of social support in the workplace, and long-term care from organizations).
The findings have highlighted opportunities and the necessity to promote health for this
population. Programs centered around support, care, and stress management should be
developed by policymakers and organizations. By doing this, healthcare workers would be
better equipped to face ongoing crises as COVID-19 continues.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.753851/full
1. What are the research components present in the paper? Please specify.
2. What type of research design was employed in this study?
2. Case Report
Title:
Exploring the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention in university students:

MindKinder adult version program (MK-A)
Authors:
Alfonso Moreno-Gómez, Pablo Luna, Concepción García-Diego, Alba Rodríguez-Donaire,

Javier Cejudo
Abstract:
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the mindfulness-based intervention MindKinder
Adult version (MK-A) program on dispositional mindfulness, trait emotional intelligence, mental
health, and emotional regulation difficulties in university students. Repeated measures pretest-
posttest with a control group was used. The sample consisted of 137 university students
(67.9% women, with a mean age of 19.94 years). Participants were randomly assigned to the
experimental group (n = 69) and the control group (n = 68). Results showed that the program
stimulated a significant improvement in dispositional mindfulness, describing, non-reactivity,
trait emotional intelligence, mental health and emotional confusion in the experimental group.
Given the obtained results, we consider the importance and incorporation of these
mindfulness-based programs in university students. Due to the general characteristics of this
population, having resources that lead to improvements, such as those obtained in this study,
can be of great help since, in general, we find ourselves in a context, the university, in which
students are subject to high levels of stress and anxiety. Finally, the implications of these
findings are discussed.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149718923000290
2. Cohort Study
Title:
The Prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among Health Care Workers During
the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Umbrella Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors:
Ali Sahebi, Atefeh Yousefi, Kamel Abdi, Yousef Jamshidbeigi, Siamak Moayedi, Mercedes
Torres, Ulrich Wesemann, Hojjat Sheikhbardsiri, and Mohamad Golitaleb
Abstract:
Introduction: Frontline health care workers (HCWs) have had an increased risk of developing
health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to physical illness, they have
experienced mental health challenges, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The
aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of PTSD among HCWs during the COVID-19
pandemic via an umbrella review and meta-analysis.
Methods: This study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline to perform a systematic literature search
using various medical databases (Web of science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, ProQuest,
Science Direct, Embase, and Google scholar). The search included all articles published
through the first of January 2020 the end of March 2021. The systematic review and meta-
analysis studies that reported the prevalence of PTSD among health care workers were
included in the study, and studies that reported the prevalence of PTSD in normal people or
other epidemics were excluded. The random effects model was used to perform a meta-
analysis, and the I2 index was used to evaluate heterogeneity among studies. Publication bias
was assessed using the Egger test. Data was analyzed using STATA (version 14) software.
Results: The initial literature search yielded 145 studies. After excluding duplicates and
assessing the quality of the studies, 7 studies were selected for meta-analysis. The results
showed that the overall prevalence of PTSD among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic
was 13.52% (95% CI: 9.06–17.98, I2 = 65.5%, p = 0.008).
Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of PTSD among frontline HCWs during the COVID-19
pandemic. It is important to invest in efforts to screen HCWs for mental health disorders such
as PTSD and provide them with mental health support.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8634396/

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Pharmacy Informatics

Group Leader: Date: ____________

2. Hayudini, Ben Dehya A.

Exploring the experiences of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A

Exploring the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention in university students:

Alfonso Moreno-Gómez, Pablo Luna, Concepción García-Diego, Alba Rodríguez-Donaire,

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