REVIEWER IN PES2  Try to identify the poison.

 Place the victim on his or her left side.

Module 6: Poisoning  Monitor ABCs.
POISONING is any substance solid, liquid, or gas that tends to  Save any empty container or spoiled food for analysis.
impair health or cause death when introduced into the body or  Save any vomitus and keep it with the victim if he or
onto the skin surface. A poisoning emergency can be life- she is taken to an emergency facility.
threatening. INHALED POISON - is a poison breathed into the lungs.
Causes: Signs and Symptoms
 Common in suicide attempts  History of inhaling poisons.
 Occasional accidental poisoning  Breathing difficulty
Ways in which poisoning may occur  Chest pain
 Cough; hoarseness; burning sensation in the throat.
 Ingested Poison – by mouth  Cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous
 Inhaled Poison – by breathing membranes)
 Injected Poison – by animal bites, stings, syringes  Dizziness, headache
 Absorbed Poison – by skin contact  Seizure unresponsiveness (advanced stages)

Common Household Poison First Aid

 Sleeping pills  Remove the victim from the toxic environment and into
 Pain relievers the air immediately.
 Insect and rodent poison  Monitor ABCs.
 Kerosene  Seek medical attention
 Denatured alcohol
 Lye and acids including boric ABSORBED POISON - is a poison that the body through the skin.
 Poisonous plants Sign and symptoms
 Contaminated water
 Fume  History of exposures
 Liquid or powder on the skin
INGESTED POISON - is introduced into the digestive tract by way  Burns
of the mouth. One form of ingestion poisoning is food poisoning  Itching irritation
a general form that covers a variety of conditions. Suspect food  Redness rash, blister
poisoning if:
First Aid
The victim ate food that did not taste right or that may have
been old improperly prepared contaminated left at room  Remove the clothing
temperature for a long time or processed with several chemicals.  Then with a dry cloth let the poison from the skin. If the
poison is a dry powder, brush it off.
Several people who ate together become ill.
 Flood the area with copious amounts of water.
Signs and Symptoms:  Continually monitor the patient’s vital sign

 Altered mental Status INJECTED POISON - a poison that enters the body through a bite,
 History of ingesting poisons’ sting, or syringe.
 Burns around the mouth
Insect Bites
 Odd breath odors
 Nausea, vomiting Sign and Symptoms
 Abdominal pain
 Stinger may be present
 Diarrhea
 Pain
 Instances when vomiting should not be induced.
 If unresponsive.  Swelling
 Cannot maintain an airway.  Possible allergic reaction
 Has ingested an acid, a corrosive such as lye, or a
petroleum product such as gasoline or furniture polish.
 Has a medical condition that could be complicated by
vomiting such as heart attack, seizure, and pregnancy.
First Aide
FIRST AID
  Remove the stinger,  Wash wound.
 Wash wound  Keep bitten part still and lower than the heart.
 Cover the wound  Call the local emergency number.
 Apply a cold pack
Animal Bite
 Watch for signals of an allergic reaction
Signs and Symptoms
Spider Bites/Scorpion Stings
 Bite mark.
Signs and symptoms
 Bleeding
 Bite mark.
First aid
 Swelling
 Pain  If bleeding is minor-wash wound
 Nausea and vomiting  Control bleeding.
 Difficulty breathing or swallowing  Apply antibiotic ointment.
 Cover the wound
First Aide
 Get medical attention if the wound bleeds severely or if
 Wash wound. you suspect an animal has rabies
 Apply a cold pack  Call the local emergency number or contact animal
 Get medical care to receive antivenin. control personnel
 Call the local emergency number, if necessary.
GENERAL CARE FOR POISONING
Marine Life Stings
 Survey the scene.
Signs and symptom  Remove the victim from the source of the poison.
 Do a primary survey.
 Possible marks  Care for any life-threatening condition.
 Pain  If the victim is conscious do a secondary survey.
 Swelling  Do not give the victim anything by mouth unless
 Possible allergic reaction advised by medical professionals.
First Aide Module 7: History of Swimming
 If jellyfish, soak the area in vinegar Swimming is an individual or team racing sport that requires the
 If sting ray, soak in non-scalding hot water until the use of one's entire body to move through the water. The sport
pain goes away takes place in pools or open water (e.g., in a sea or lake).
 Clean and bandage the wound. Competitive swimming is one of the most popular Olympic,
 Call the local emergency number, if necessary. sports, with varied distance events in butterfly, backstroke,
breaststroke, and freestyle.
Snake Bites
HISTORY OF SWIMMING
Signs and symptoms
Prehistoric times – Evidence of recreational swimming has been
 Bite mark.
found with the earliest evidence dating to Stone Age paintings
 Pain
from around 10,000 years ago.
Comparative Characteristics of a Snake
2000 BC – Some of the earliest references to swimming include
the Iliad, the Odyssey, the Bible, Beowulf, the Quran, and others.

1538

 Nikolaus Wynmann, a Swiss-German professor of

languages. Wrote the earliest known complete book
about swimming, Colymbetes, sive de arte natandi
dialogus et festivus et iucundus lectu.

1830 - Swimming emerged as a competitive recreational activity

in England.

First Aid 1828 - The first indoor swimming pool, St George's Baths was
opened to the public.
1837 - The National Swimming Society was holding regular Competitive swimming as a race was held among swimmers and
swimming competitions in six artificial swimming pools, built the goal is to swim faster than other participants. Various
around London. The recreational activity grew in popularity. countries started participating in these competitions.

1844 - Two Native American participants at a swimming Module 8: Fundamentals of Swimming

competition in London introduced the front crawl to a European
audience.  Swimming is a fun and great activity to stay fit. It offers
tremendous health benefits, improves mood, decreases
Sir John Arthur Trudgen – picked up the hand-over stroke from anxiety, and helps to burn lots of calories.
some South American natives and successfully debuted the new  Apart from this, it is also good for those suffering from
stroke in 1873. His stroke is still regarded as the most powerful arthritis and other pain conditions. As per the Centers
to use today. for Disease Control and Prevention, swimming for just
2.5 hours per week decreases the risk of chronic
Captain Matthew Webb – was the first man to swim the English
illnesses.
Channel (between England and France), in 1875. Using the
 To swim smoothly, coordination of the entire body is a
breaststroke technique
must. One needs to focus on the movement of the legs
1880 – The first national governing body, the Amateur Swimming and arms, as well as breathing control and swimming
Association was formed, there were already over 300 regional strokes. So, to expertise the skill of swimming you must
clubs in operation across the country. start with the basics
 Every individual has a natural ability to use their arms
1889 – The first European amateur swimming competitions were and legs to stay afloat.
in Vienna.  The instinct however disappears within a few months
after birth. Later in life, many individuals have an
1892 – The world's first women's swimming championship was
intrinsic fear of water.
held in Scotland.
There are 3 basic skills to develop and work on to have
1896 – Men’s swimming became part of the first modern
confidence and efficiently execute your swimming program and
Olympic Games in Athens
master the swimming skills.
1902 – The Australian Richmond Cavill introduced freestyle to
 Breathing
the Western world.
 Placement of head
1908 – The world swimming association, Federation  Gliding and landing
International de Notation (FINA), was formed.
BREATHING
1912 – Women's swimming was introduced into the Olympics.
This is a frequently overlooked basic skill, but it is an important
1922 – Women’s Olympiad was the first international swim meet one. If are not comfortable breathing while swimming, you won't
for women outside the Olympics be able to enjoy it completely and learn new things. The basic
idea is that you need to breathe out with both your nose and
1930 – Butterfly was developed and was at first a variant of mouth when your head is underwater.
breaststroke until it was accepted as a separate style in 1952.
SUBMERGING (BOBBING)
In the 1900s – Americans introduced swimming as a sport in the
Philippines. This exercise is being done by raising the arms abruptly sideward
and upward when the swimmer wants to go down and lowering
1912 – Several local swimmers had emerged from different parts the arms sideward and downward when he wants to go up.
of the country who competed against each other in
championships organized by the Americans. YOUR BODY MOVEMENT SHOULD BE WELL COORDINATED

1928 – The greatest achievement of a Filipino in the sport.  In swimming, all your body parts should be well
coordinated with each other.
Teofilo E. Yldelfonso – nicknamed the “Ilocano Shark,” won the
 You must be able to move the muscles of your lower back,
Philippines’ first Olympic medal by winning bronze in the 200m.
abdomen, and hips in a synchronized way to keep moving
1951 - The first Asian Games was held in New Delhi, India. forward. Your hands should move and cut through the
Artemio Salamat and Jacinto Cayco water first, followed by your elbow, and then your body
should make its way through the water.
1985 - Erik Buhain won gold in the 400-meter individual medley
at the Southeast Asian Games held in Bangkok, Thailand.

Swimming is the act of driving our body through water and FLOATING
resisting drowning by moving our hands and feet.
Before you start kicking and stroking, first learn to float in the  A swimmer could wear regular swimsuits which are
water. Floating helps you to get used to the habit of moving designed for their aesthetic appearance. While competitive
through water properly. Floating helps to keep your body on the swimming on the other hand is fixed competitive swimwear
surface of the water. Our body experiences a vertical buoyant designed specifically for competing.
force when immersed in water and floating helps to keep your  A swimsuit is an item of clothing designed to be worn by
body in a horizontal position. people engaging in a water-based activity or water sports,
such as swimming, diving, and surfing, or sun-orientated
PRONE FLOAT
activities, such as sunbathing. Different types may be worn
It is performed by lying face down in the water, arms and legs by men, women, and children.
extended. It is used with the face submerged. Eyes open to see
1. Pull buoy – is a figure eight-shaped piece of closed–cell foam
under the water or with the head high to observe.
used in swim workouts, swimmer place the buoy between the
JELLYFISH OR TUCK FLOAT legs, thighs, or ankles to provide support to the body without
kicking the legs, this allows the swimmer to focus on training
The body is doubled up by bend in the legs, and pulling the knees only their arms and developing both endurance and upper body
to the chest. Arms clasp knees. In this position, the body will roll strength.
forward until only the back is visible above the water.
2. Hand paddles –a colored plastic device that is worn on the
BACK FLOAT swimmer’s hands during swimming practices to enhance muscle
build-up or speed. Paddles are often used with pull buoys to
This is the best relaxing float and can be performed with the legs
build up arm strength.
together or part and arms extended to the side or overhead.
With the legs together and arms by the side, there is a tendency 3. Snorkel – A shaped tube used for the practice of swimming on
for the legs to sink and drag the body under. or through a body of water while equipped with a diving mask.
DEAD MAN’S FLOAT 4. Goggles - to protect the eyes from material in the water, while
swimming. You should wear a pair of swimming goggles because
Lean forward, face down in the water and relax completely, let
of all the pollen.
your arm and legs drift where they will. Open your eyes and look
around. See how long you can float in this position. 5. Bathing caps - A swimming cap, swim cap, or bathing cap, is a
tightly fitted, skin-tight garment, commonly made from silicone,
VERTICAL SCULLING
latex, or lycra, worn on the head by recreational and competitive
Hold oneself upright in the water and weave the hands back and swimmers. Caps are worn for various reasons
forth vigorously back and forth in front of and to the sides of the
6. Swimsuit - A swimsuit is an item of clothing designed to be
body in a figure–eight movement.
worn by people engaging in a water-based activity or water
FLATTER BACK SCULLING sports, such as swimming, diving, and surfing, or sun-orientated
activities, such as sunbathing. Different types may be worn by
Lie on your back and kick slowly up and down. The legs and feet men, women, and children.
ought to be in a knock-kneed and pigeon-toed position. The
hands merely execute a slow sculling movement at the hips. LEARNING TO SWIM

STROKES People can swim body of water large enough to permit free
movement. Most children or individuals learn to swim by
Now that you know how to float and kick, it is time to learn some imitating others, most often their parents, brothers, sister, and
strokes. Strokes are the arm movements that help to pull the friends, or take lessons at swim clubs, community centers,
body through the water. The front crawl, sidestroke, backstroke, schools, or recreational facilities.
and butterfly are some of the common swimming strokes.
METHODS OF TRAINING
Why it is important to learn the fundamentals of swimming?
Swimming requires adaptation to a new environment. It can be
It teaches us about water safety in and around the water. If learned a lot faster when using the right technique and proper
taught earlier in life it helps with the development of physical conditioning. Apt glide to the water that suits the body and
skills such as hand-eye coordination and muscle tone. Swimming reduces fatigue by minimizing unwanted muscle variation.
keeps your child's heart and lungs healthy. Improves strength Breathing naturally and letting water support you.
and flexibility.
PHYSICAL CONDITIONING

Exercise is an action that involves physical specifically when

performed to improve fitness and health.
Module 9: Swimming Attire and Accessories There are three stages in an exercise program
 A. Warm-up  Stand with chest up and head in a neutral position.
B. Work out  Bring your right elbow up and pull it over to the left at
C. Cool down shoulder level with the left hand.
 Hold this position for 16 counts
Warm-up Stretching exercises
 Repeat on the other side.
It is the first step in the routine, it gives healing to the muscles to
MAIN ACTIVITY WORKOUT
make them more flexible and prevent injury before move
vigorous physical activity begins. A combination of controlled  Curl ups
movement exercises and specific joint/muscle stretching is  Sit up knee bend
practiced to improve performance potential. The benefits of  Jumping jack
warm-up and stretching activities before rigid training are:  Arm circling
 Sideward bending
1. Heart rate increase-during warm-up activity which
increased blood flow to the active muscles  Standing body bends backward
2. Diminished “stiffness” due to increased stretch  Wing stretcher
tolerance of the nerve receptors in the muscle which  Toe touching
allows an increased range of motion  Flutter kick
3. Decrease in reflex inhibition of opposing muscle groups  Stationary jogging
that improve range of motion.
COOL DOWN
Warm-up and stretching movements should always start in a
 Deep breathing exercises
slow and controlled pattern but may progress to a rapid and
 Arm and leg shake
vigorous activity.
The leg kick will control the body position in the water, while the
Exercises are executed as a series of repetitions; each exercise
arm cycle will provide the propulsive force. The timing between
may last 30 seconds to several minutes.
the two is vital to the efficiency of the given stroke for a greater
Rest between exercises is usually kept to a minimum. Alternating speed through the water with minimum wasted energy.
exercises that focus on different body parts will help stimulate
HYDRATION DURING EXERCISE
blood flow and increase body temperature.
Drink water before, during, and after work-out to regulate body
WARM-UP EXERCISE
temperature. Failure to maintain a hydrated state can lead to
 Head Rotation detrimental changes in the cardiovascular response to exercise.
 Stand straight, arms on waist. Overheating of the body decreases both maximal power and
 Rotate head in front, right, side, back, left side, and work capacity.
front in four counts 8 repetitions. Why it is important to learn swimming attire and accessories?
 Reverse head rotation
 Arm Circling It teaches us about water safety in and around the water. If
 Stand straight, arms on hips, and slightly raise your taught earlier in life it helps with the development of physical
right leg. skills such as hand-eye coordination and muscle tone. Swimming
 Rotate your ankle and make 8 repetitions. keeps your child's heart and lungs healthy. Improves strength
 Repeat the cycle on the reverse side. and flexibility.
 NECK STRETCHES
 Stand with your chest up and look straight ahead.
 Reach over your head with your right hand.
 Gently pull your head over to the right side
 Hold this for 8 counts.
 Repeat this on the other side.
 Stand with your chest up and looking
 Gently push the chin back while looking straight ahead.
 Keep head upright, keep eyes facing forward
 While holding the chin back with one hand, use
 the other hand to reach over the top of the head.
 Stabilize your chin back as you pull the top of your head
forward
 Hold this for 16 counts

POSTERIOR SHOULDER STRETCH