Equity & Mutual Funds Guide
Equity & Mutual Funds Guide
02 Why Equity ?
07 Financial Planning
08 Case Studies
09 Objection Handling
10 Form Filling
11 FundzBazar
12 Business Opportunities
Basics of Equity
No business can survive for even a But such source of finance is not
single day, in absence of finance. viable in the long run as lenders
aren’t participating in the business
of the borrower.
Professional Management
This includes
- Investing in line with the investment objective
- Investing based on adequate research
- Ensuring that prudent investment processes are followed
Advantages of Mutual Funds
Portfolio Diversification
- Investing in MF provides investors the exposure to a
range of securities held in their investment portfolio.
- Thus, even a small investment of Rs. 500 in a mutual
fund scheme can give investors proportionate holding
in many diversified sectors and companies.
Advantages of Mutual Funds
Economies of scale
- Pooling of large sum of money from many investors
makes it possible for the mutual fund to engage
professional managers for managing investments.
- Individual investors with small amounts to invest
cannot, by themselves, afford to engage such
professional management.
Advantages of Mutual Funds
Liquidity
- Investors in a mutual fund scheme can take out
money as much as he requires.
- Depending on the structure of the mutual fund
scheme, this would be possible, either at any time,
or during specific intervals, or only on closure of the
scheme.
Advantages of Mutual Funds
Systermatic Approach
-
Advantages of Mutual Funds
Regulatory Comfort
- The regulator, Securities and Exchange Board of
India (SEBI), has mandated strict checks and
balances in the structure of mutual funds and their
activities. Mutual fund investors benefit from such
protection
Basics of SIP
Power of Compounding
- Regular investments through the SIP
route will help our wealth to grow by
leaps and bounds Power of Compounding
Advantages of SIP
Large cap
- Invests into top 100 listed companies based on market
capitalization
-
Min 80% in Largecap companies
Mid cap
- Min 65% in Mid cap companies
- Sector rotation based on the economic and market condition
Small cap
- Min 65% in Small cap companies
- Invest in Small cap companies having potential to
grow over a period of time
Equity Mutual Funds Types
Dividend Yield
- Min 65% in Equities investing predominantly in high Dividend yield stocks
Value
- Min 65% in Equities which should follow value strategy
Focused
Min 65% in Equities (Maximum 30 stocks). Focus can
be on Largecap, Multicap, Midcap or Smallcap
Equity Mutual Funds Types
Sectoral/Thematic Fund
- Invests only into one sector – e.g. Pharma Fund, Banking Fund
- Risk is higher compared to any other equity fund category
- Min 80% in stocks of a particular sector/theme
Invest primarily in money market instruments like T-bills, CDs and CPs
Short Duration
- Invests in CP (Commercial Papers), CD
(Certificate of Deposits) and short
maturity bonds
Medium Duration
- Macaulay duration of the portfolio is
between 3 years – 4 years
Floater Fund
- Min 65% in invested in Floating rate instruments
- Interest rate risk is less affected
- Invests in securities across the duration
Debt Mutual Funds Types
Dynamic Bonds
- Investment in Bonds which is managed Dynamically
Corporate Bonds
- Minimum investment in corporate bonds- 80% of
total assets
Credit Risk
- Minimum investment in corporate
bonds- 65% of total assets
Gilt Fund
- Min 80% Investments in Government
securities with varying maturities
Arbitrage Fund
- Arbitrage Fund leverages the price differential in the
cash and derivatives market to generate returns.
- Such funds do not take a naked exposure to equities as
each buy transaction (in the cash market) has a
corresponding sell transaction (in the derivative market).
- These funds are hybrid in nature as they have the
provision of investing a sizeable portion of the portfolio
in debt markets.
- Arbitrage funds tend to perform well in volatile markets.
- As these funds invest predominantly in equities (cash and
futures), their tax treatment is at par with equity funds.
Hybrid Mutual Funds - Suitability
Balance Hybrid 40 - 60% in Equity related instruments & 40 to 60% in Debt instruments Debt
Aggressive Hybrid 65 - 80% in Equity related instruments & 20 to 35% in Debt instruments Equity
Dynamic Asset
Allocation/ Balanced Investment in equity/ debt that is managed dynamically Equity/Debt
Advantage
Multi Asset Allocation Min 10% investment in atleast 3 asset classes Equity/Debt
Arbitrage Fund Min 65% in Equity related instruments which should follow Arbitrage strategy Equity
Equity Savings Min 65% in Equity related instruments & Min 10% in Debt instruments Equity
Terminologies
Benchmark
- A group of securities, usually a market index, whose performance is
used as a standard or benchmark to measure investment performance
of mutual funds. Some typical benchmarks include the Nifty, Sensex,
BSE200, BSE500, 10-Year GSec.
NAV
- The NAV or the net asset value is the total asset value
per unit of the mutual fund after deducting all related
and permissible expenses. The NAV is calculated at the
end of every business day. It is the value at which the
investor enters or exits the mutual fund.
Terminologies
Open-Ended Funds
- are open for investors to enter or exit at any time.
Close-Ended Funds
- do not allow investors to exit during the specifies period.
Investors can buy units of a close-ended scheme only during
its NFO. The fund makes arrangements for the units to be
traded, post-NFO in a stock exchange through listing.
Interval Funds
- combine features of both open-ended and close-ended
schemes. They are largely close-ended, but become
open-ended at pre-specified intervals.
Terminologies
Growth
- Mutual Fund with growth option is similar to cumulative option. The profits
are not paid out in between, rather they keep on accumulating in the scheme.
Dividend Reinvestment
- Under dividend reinvestment plan, the dividends are not
passed on to investors in the form of money. But the
money is used to buy extra units of the scheme.
Concepts
Price
- Price of a company’s stock is market driven. It
fluctuates based on demand & supply of the share.
Market Capitalization
- Market Capitalization = Total no. of shares * Current market price
Concepts
Book Value
- Book Value = Total assets – intangible assets – liabilities;
- Book value refers to the total amount a company would
be worth if it liquidated its assets and paid back all its
liabilities.
Concepts
Debt Markets
- Debt market instruments can be categorized as follows:
- Govt. Securities Market (Dated securities)
- Corporate Bond Market (Coupon bearing bonds, zero
coupon bonds, floating rate bonds, debentures etc.)
- Money Market (T-Bills, Commercial Papers, Certificate of Deposit),
Returns of debt funds are a combination of
- Coupon Accrual (Strategy applied: hold till maturity) &
- Mark to Market gain (Strategy applied: duration calls).
Concepts
Modified Duration
- Modified Duration helps us in measuring the sensitivity of
the bond fund’s NAV to interest rate movement. So, if
modified duration of a fund is 10 years then if interest
moves up by 1%, the NAV of fund will move down by 10%.
Financial Plan
- gives you a top-view or a bird’s-eye-view
of your financial state which includes
your INCOME, EXPENSES, ASSETS,
LIABILITIES, INSURANCES and GOALS.
Benefits of Financial Plan
Provides a Roadmap
- Financial Plan tells us when, how and
what amount of money will be required
to fulfil our goals.
Investments Become Purpose-Led
- When we know what investment is for
what – then we become more disciplined
and focused.
Easy to Review
- Based on goals, we know what to look for
from an investment and review
accordingly.
How is Financial Planning done?
Case
- Mr. Ravi is 50 years old. He has Rs. 50 lakhs to invest.
He wants you to create a portfolio of different MF
schemes. If there is no emergency then Mr. Ravi would
like to stay invested in the portfolio for next 7 years at
least.
Case Study – 1 (Portfolio Design)
Solution
- Preferably you must first do ‘risk profiling’ for Mr. Ravi.
This way you will come to know about his preferences
and accordingly design the portfolio with right mix of
risk and return expectation.
- As per the risk assessment done, design a portfolio
with 3-5 number of schemes of equity oriented (for
Aggressive Risk Category), medium to long-term debt
oriented (for Conservative Risk Category) or of
aggressive hybrid type (for Moderate Risk Category).
- Review portfolio at regular intervals & take necessary
actions whenever required.
Case Study – 2 (Middle aged, salaried)
Case
- Mr. Ajay is 40 years old. His wife Shruti is 35. Their
children Riya and Rehan are 17 and 12 years old
respectively. Mr. Ajay’s monthly surplus is Rs. 30,000.
He wants to save for his retirement days as well as for
his children’s higher education and marriage.
Case Study – 2 (Middle aged, salaried)
Solution
- Types of recommended MF schemes can be debt,
hybrid or equity depending on tenure of goals,
like short term (0 – 1 year), medium term (1 – 3
years) and long term (>3 years) respectively.
- Review his goals and investments at regular
- intervals.
For his retirement goal, investment strategy will
be
SIP till retirement age. Thereafter SWP till his life
-
expectancy age.
Here, we designed the portfolio based on
investment horizon or goal tenure and not on Risk
Profile. Thumb rule here is - if investible surplus
amount supports required investment based on
Case Study – 3 (Young and salaried)
Case
- Mr. Harsh is 27 years old. He is unmarried and
working in an IT company. He is planning to get
married in next 1 year. He is also planning buy a
house within next 2-3 years. Currently Harsh is
saving most of his salary amount as he is staying
with his parents.
Case Study – 3 (Young and salaried)
Solution
- Mr. Harsh should start saving the entire surplus amount.
- A bigger part of his surplus amount should be saved in liquid
and ultra short term funds as few of his goals (marriage
expenses, home loan down-payment) are immediate and
uncertain.
- Tell Mr. Harsh the importance of making SIP investment
in equity mutual fund to accumulate wealth for retirement
goal and also explain the benefits of starting early.
- Review his goals and investments at regular intervals.
Case Study – 4 (Retired)
Case
- Mr. Narayan is retired. He is having a corpus of Rs.
1.50 crore. This corpus is divided into different
types of assets including bank FD, PPF, Post Office
savings, shares, mutual funds etc. He wants to be
assured that he gets regular monthly withdrawals
(inflation adjusted) till his lifetime and manages to
fund unexpected random expenses.
Case Study – 4 (Retired)
Solution
- Prepare a cashflow projection for Mr. Narayan assuming
life expectancy age, inflation and likely portfolio returns.
- Depending on the output of the cashflow – recommend Mr.
Narayan whether he should consider reducing his monthly
expenses or should he reshuffle his portfolio.
- Park part of the corpus in short duration debt funds or
hybrid funds (with less volatility) and start SWPs from
these schemes. Rest of the corpus amount should be
invested in equity, medium to long term debt or aggressive
hybrid funds and to be shifted
to funds marked for SWP at regular intervals.
-
Review Mr. Narayan’s portfolio at regular intervals.
Case Study – 5 (Middle aged businessman)
Case
- Mr. Rakesh, 45 years old, is a businessman. His
yearly average income stands at Rs. 20 lakhs. His
monthly incomes are not fixed and also uncertain.
His daughter is 15 years old. He wants to
accumulate enough corpus to fund his daughter’s
higher education and marriage. Though he wants to
work throughout his life but that should become
optional after age
Case Study – 5 (Middle aged businessman)
Solution
- To fund his daughter’s higher education and marriage he
should invest as much as possible. Investment can be done
through lump-sum or through additional purchase.
- Depending on horizons of different goals recommend him
schemes. As SIP may not be feasible in his case (as income is
irregular), STP can be used to manage volatility at times.
- Calculate his retirement fund requirement and recommend
him schemes – mostly in equity category.
- Considering his long working life, term of his life insurance
plan should be long enough. Sufficient health insurance
cover for both the spouse is also highly recommended.
-
Review Mr. Rakesh’s portfolio at regular intervals.
Objection Handling (Concern 1)
Client
- Equity markets are risky, I want
safety first. My bank FD is giving
me 6% guaranteed return then
why should I invest in equity?
Advisor
- Sir, what do you think is more important – preserving
the capital or preserving the purchasing power? The fact
is that in last 35 years CPI inflation alone has eroded
purchasing power of rupee by more than 90%. Lifestyle
inflation is even higher than that. Net of tax return from
investment asset should beat inflation at least
Objection Handling (Concern 2)
Client
- Market is very high. It should correct.
I will wait for the correction. (Or, market
has corrected and it will correct further. I
will wait till the things get settled down.)
Advisor
- We cannot time the market but we can surely spend time in the
market. Historically it has been seen that those who stayed
invested with their investment have made big fortunes.
Systematic approach (SIP or STP) further protects us from
volatility and in fact gets benefitted out of it. Major returns in
equity market is delivered in few days. By constantly trying to
time the market, chances of losing those few days are very high.
Objection Handling (Concern 3)
Client
- Mutual fund returns are not consistent. It goes
up and down along with the market. How can
I then invest into mutual fund for my critically
important goals or if I require the money
anytime without worrying of capital loss
Advisor
- Mutual fund is not all about equity. There are mutual funds,
known as debt schemes, which invest into bonds, NCDs,
certificate of deposits, G-Sec, T-Bills etc. When a goal is
nearby you can then move your investment into such
schemes. Depending on your horizon and risk appetite you
can choose different type of equity or debt schemes.
Form Filling
FundzBazar
- Its an online investment platform created to
simplify investing in mutual funds
- Complete paperless transaction facility for
SIP, Purchase, Switch, Redemption etc
- Invest, Manage and Track all investments of
one family under single login
- Transact anytime, anywhere through
FundzBazar Mobile App
- Register and invest online for Individual,
Minor, NRI, HUF
Mutual Fund Industry AUM Growth in India
35,000.0
30,000.0
25,000.0 23,795
21,360
20,000.0 22,262
17,546
15,000.0
12,328
10,828
10,000.0 8,252
7,025
6,140 5,923 5,877
5,052
4,173
5,000.0
1,218
0.3 46 470
-
FY65 FY87 FY93 FY03 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21
Insurance 38,020
Cash 23,497
Source: Karvy India Wealth Report, 2020. All amounts are in Rs. Billion
Share of Asset Classes out of Total Individual Wealth
Insurance 14.46%
Cash 8.94%
120%
120%
100%
81% 80%
80%
68% 67%
63% 63%
60%
48%
40%
40%
32%
0%
US Canada France Brazil UK World Germany South Africa Japan Korea China India
Note: Aum data as of Q4 of calendar year 2019 for all countries. Only open- ended funds have been considered. Includes,
equity, debt and other.GDP is based on current prices estimation by IMF in the world economics outlook, July 2019