G12 INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION, AND
IMMERSION
REPORTING FINDINGS, DRAWING
CONCLUSIONS AND MAKING
RECOMMENDATIONS
QUARTER 2, WEEK 3, MODULE 6
Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs):
1. Forms logical conclusions.
2. Makes recommendations based on conclusions.
3. Writes clear report.
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YOUR GOALS
Research studies are important because it helps you learn new things and
remember them so you can use and apply what you learned in the future. It will give
you cultural experience and broaden your awareness. The purpose of the research
is to inform readers and contribute to the development of knowledge in a field of
study.
Thus, the sharing of research findings is an integral part of a research paper.
Research findings are analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively, the results of
which are the bases for generalization about a phenomenon.
The last chapter of a research paper contains the summary of findings, the
conclusions, and the recommendations.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
a. formulate the summary of findings;
b. draw conclusions based on the findings;
c. make recommendations based on conclusions;
d. list references; and
e. write a clear research report.
WHAT DO YOU KNOW?
Directions: Define the following terms based on your understanding from the
previous topics. Use the words in a sentence.
1. Research 6. Sample
2. Qualitative research 7. References
3. Quantitative research 8. Data collection
4. Data analysis 9. Questionnaire
5. Hypothesis 10. Research problem
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PERFORM AND LEARN
Directions: Encircle words that are related to your research paper. How many
words have you listed? Compare your list with your teacher’s list of words. Look for
the meaning of the words in the dictionary.
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Lesson 1: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
In a capsulized form, the summary of findings should include a brief statement
of the research objectives, the research problems in paragraph form, the research
design, the sampling technique utilized, the respondents of the study, the major
findings of the study, and the results of the hypothesis testing. The findings should
be stated briefly and basically attuned to the research hypothesis which may have
been accepted or rejected.
Example of summary of findings:
Summary of Findings
This study aimed to improve the test scores of Grade 12 Technical-Vocational
Livelihood (TVL) students of San Luis National High School in Earth and Life
Science subjects during the School Year 2019-2020 using Open Educational
Resources (OER).
The study focused on the test scores of the Grade 12-TVL students in Earth
and Life Science subject before and after utilizing OER. The significant differences
between the pre-test and post-test results were also determined.
One group pre-test post-test design was used in this study. In this study, a
single group of students is selected for observation; the group of participants was
given a pre-test at the start of the lesson and a post-test was given after using the
OER. Results of both tests were tabulated and compared using mean score and t-
test to see if there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test.
Participants in this study were the Grade 12 TVL students in the San Luis
National High School who were enrolled in Earth and Life Science subject for the
Second Semester of the School Year 2019-2020. The participants were composed
of 13 males and 24 females, a total of 27 students. Purposive sampling was used in
this study.
The study used the instruments: pre-test and post-test (50 items) which
contains multiple-choice questions prepared by the researcher.
Results of the study revealed that test scores of the students at the start of the
lesson wherein OER were not yet employed in terms of mean was very low. Things
turned out right when there was a remarkable increase in the performance of the
students when OER was used in all the lessons in the second grading period for the
second semester. The mean of the pre-test was 20.85 and the post-test was 44.52
with a mean difference of 23.67. Results also revealed that the mean difference
between the pre-test and post-test differ from each other since the p-value is less
than the set 0.05 level of significance. The null hypothesis is rejected because
there is a significant difference between the test scores of the students in the pre-
test and post test before and after utilizing OER.
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Lesson 2: DRAWING CONCLUSIONS
Conclusions are drawn from the summary of findings. The conclusions should
consistently be consonant with the order, arrangement, and substance of the
findings. Like findings, it should be clearly, concisely, and briefly stated. It should
not contain any number or measurements. The rejection or acceptance of a
research hypothesis should be written under the conclusion.
The findings are formed out of knowledge analysis while the conclusions are the
abstractions from the findings. Findings are proofs of discoveries while conclusions
are judgments in reference to what the study truthfully contemplates.
The conclusions should be written in a numbered order that corresponds to the
arrangement of the research findings which equally followed the sequential
arrangement of the questions set under the statement of the problems of the study.
Example of drawing conclusions:
Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study, the researcher arrived at the following
conclusions:
1. Test scores of the student-respondents were improved after the utilization of
Open Educational Resources (OER).
2. There is a significant difference between the test scores of the students in the
pretest and post-test before and after utilizing OER.
Lesson 3: FORMULATING RECOMMENDATIONS
Recommendations are the added suggestions that you simply want future
researchers to follow when performing future studies related to your study.
Recommendations are based on the findings and conclusions of the study and not
on the researcher’s own beliefs or opinions. It should be written clearly and
concisely. The recommendations must be relevant to the research problem and are
possible for implementation.
Example of formulating recommendations:
Recommendations
With the findings and conclusions drawn as bases, the following
recommendations are offered.
1. Teachers may adapt the applications and activities presented to the students for
teaching-learning convenience and also to help the students improve their
performance thereby becoming competent in terms of knowledge and skills,
hence, improving their performance in theory and skills.
2. Further studies similar to this action research should be undertaken in a wider
scope in a different locale to come-up with additional findings that can help
improve the performance of the students in their Science subjects.
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Lesson 4 : LISTING REFERENCES
In presenting a research report, it is important to write all the references used in
your research paper, including the published or unpublished sources that you refer
to obtain information from writing your study. A consistent style of citation is
required in presenting a research report. A list of references must be written in a
very specific format, but that format will depend on the particular style of writing you
follow. Your teacher will tell you which style to use. American Psychological
Association (APA) style is the most commonly used system to cite sources in the
Social Sciences.
A bibliography is part of the research paper where the list of references is
written. A bibliography is a list of books, theses, dissertations, scholarly articles,
speeches, private records, diaries, interviews, laws, letters, websites, and other
sources you use when researching a topic and writing a paper. The bibliography
appears at the end of the manuscript.
A bibliography aims to give credit to authors whose work you've consulted in
your research and to avoid issues of plagiarism. It also makes it easy for a reader to
find out more about your topic by reading into the sources that you used to write
your paper.
Examples of APA Format, 6th Edition
Articles
Article found in print, with one author:
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume (issue), pages.
Pajares, F. (2001). Toward a positive psychology of academic motivation. Journal of
Educational Research, 95(1), 27-35.
Article found in a database, with one author:
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume (issues), pages. doi:
OR Retrieved from URL
Castiello D'Antonio, A. (2018). Coaching psychology and positive psychology in
work and organizational psychology. The Psychologist-Manager Journal,
21(2), 130150. Retrieved from [Link]
Article found on the open web, with one author:
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume if available (issue if
available), pages if available. doi: OR Retrieved from URL
Cohen, P. (2009, October 9). Author's personal forecast: Not always sunny, but
pleasantly skeptical. The New York Times. Retrieved from
[Link]
Article (from the open web) with two authors:
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Lastname, F. M., & Surname, F. M. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume
(issue), pages. doi: OR Retrieved from URL
Norem, J. K., & Chang, E. C. (2002). The positive psychology of negative thinking.
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(9), 993-
1001. doi:10.1002/jclp.10094
Article with three to six authors:
Lastname, F. M., Surname, F. M., & Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of article. Title of
Journal, volume (issue), pages.
Jutras, S., Vinay, M. C., & Castonguay, G. (2002). Inner-city children's perceptions
about well-being. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 21(1), 47-
65.
More than seven authors? List the first six authors and the last author.
Author one, F. M., Author two, F. M., Author three, F. M., Author four, F. M., Author
five, F. M., Author six, F. M. . . . Final author, F. M. (Year). Title of article.
Title of Journal, volume (issue), pages.
Books
Book with one author:
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book. Publication City, ST:
Publisher.
Bok, S. (2010). Exploring happiness: From Aristotle to brain science. New Haven,
CT: Yale.
Books with multiple authors:
The format follows the author format as listed under articles.
An edited book:
Editor, F. M. (Ed.). (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book. Publication City, ST:
Publisher.
Snyder, C.R. & Lopez, S. J. (Eds.). (2009). The Oxford handbook of positive
psychology. Oxford; New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Web Sites
Web site with one author:
Lastname, F. M. (Date published). Title of page. Retrieved from URL
Lopez, S. J. (2000). The emergence of Positive Psychology: The building of a field
of dreams. Retrieved from [Link]
Web site with a corporate or organizational author:
Organization name. (Date published). Title of page. Retrieved from URL
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Positive Psychology Center. (2007). Attributional style research (Adults). Retrieved
from [Link]
Images
Image from an online source with a creator listed:
Creator, F. M. (Date created). Title of image [Description of image]. Retrieved [date]
from URL
Swanbrow, D. (2008, July 23). A happiness ranking of 97 nations [table]. Retrieved
January 21, 2010 from [Link]
Image from an online source with no creator listed:
Title of image [Description of image]. (Date created). Retrieved [date] from URL
Image from a print source with a creator listed:
Creator, F. M. (Date created). Title of image. [Continue with title of book or article as
appropriate.]
GO DEEPER
Directions: Prepare the hard copy or electronic copy of your downloaded
qualitative research study from the previous activities. Critique and make a report
on the summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the study. Share
your insights with your classmates.
WHAT DID YOU LEARN?
The last section of the research paper includes a summary of findings,
conclusions, and recommendations. The summary states the research objectives,
research design, sampling techniques, data gathering procedure, and the analysis
of the data. Findings are stated clearly and concisely following the order of research
questions. Conclusions are drawn from the findings of the study. In this section, the
rejection or acceptance of the hypothesis is explained. Recommendations are
based on the findings and conclusions of the study. These are suggestions that
future researchers can follow when performing future studies related to the study.
The bibliography is the last part of the manuscript which aims to give credit to
authors whose work you've consulted in your research. A consistent style of citation
is required in presenting a research report which will depend on what your teacher
will require or in the type of your study.
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WHAT CAN YOU DO?
Directions: Write the summary of findings, conclusions, and recommendations of
your study. Your output will be assessed using the rubric below.
Criteria 5 4 3 2 Score
Summary of The summary of The summary There are The summary of
Findings findings includes includes the missing data the findings was
the brief brief statement presented in confusing.
statement of the of the research the findings of
research objectives, the the study.
objectives, the research
research problem, the
problem, the research design,
research design, the sampling
the sampling technique
technique utilized, the
utilized, the respondents of
respondents of the study but did
the study, the not discuss the
major findings of findings of the
the study, and study.
the results of the
hypothesis
testing.
Conclusions Conclusions are Conclusions are Conclusions Conclusions are
Drawn briefly, concisely and are not clearly not clearly
concisely, and clearly stated stated and few stated and are
clearly stated and are mostly conclusions are not supported by
and are all supported by the supported by the findings of
supported by the findings of the the findings of the study.
findings of the study. the study.
study.
Recommendations All Most Some Recommendations
recommendations recommendations recommendations lack evidence.
are are are
evidencebased. evidencebased. evidencebased.
Grammar and Content has no Content has 1-5 Content has 6- Content has 11
Spelling misspellings or misspellings and 10 misspellings and above
grammatical grammatical and misspellings and
errors. errors. grammatical grammatical
errors. errors.
Total Score
9
Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion
Grade
12
Quarter 4, Week 3, Module 6
Module Title: REPORTING FINDINGS,
DRAWING CONCLUSIONS AND MAKING
2
RECOMMENDATIONS
Subject Teacher: ______________________________
Name: ____________________________________________________
Grade & Section: _____________________Strand: ________________
Barangay: _________________________________________________
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Directions: Read each item carefully and write the letter of your answer in your
notebook.
1. Which of the following is NOT included in the summary?
A. Bibliography C. Research problem
B. Research design D. Sampling technique
2. Which of the following are formed out of knowledge analysis?
A. Conclusions B. Findings C. Recommendations D. Summary
3. What part of the research paper refers to the judgments in reference to what the
study truthfully contemplates?
A. Conclusions B. Findings C. Recommendations D. Summary
4. What are specific suggestions that a researcher makes with regard to further
research on the topic?
A. Conclusions B. Findings C. Recommendations D. Summary
5. Which of the following refers to the list of books, periodicals, and other sources
used in the study?
A. Appendices B. Bibliography C. Citation D. References
6. Which of the following is TRUE about recommendations?
A. It tests the hypothesis.
B. It evaluates the research problem.
C. It summarizes the results of data analysis.
D. It adds suggestions on future researches related to the present study.
7. Which of the following is the main importance of the conclusion?
A. It tests the hypothesis.
B. It presents the findings of the study.
C. It evaluates the importance of the research paper.
D. It has a structure that brings back what the research set out to do.
8. Bibliography includes all of the following EXCEPT
A. Author’s address B. Title C. URL D. Year published
9. What is the main purpose of including the bibliography in your research paper?
A. To get a higher grade.
B. To annoy your readers.
C. To show that you read other books related to your
study.
D. To give credit to the author of the sources that you
used.
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10. Which of the following is the most commonly used referencing style in Social
Sciences?
A. APA B. Chicago C. Harvard D. MLA
11. What is the importance of proper citation?
A. To identify a problem
B. To give an idea for a research topic.
C. To express the beliefs of other authors.
D. To easily find the materials used in your study.
12. What advice will you give to a friend who asked help in writing the summary of
findings?
A. Advise him to include the main purpose of the study.
B. Advise him to write a summary of findings in a concise manner.
C. Advise him to include findings from which the conclusion will be derived.
D. All of these
13. Which is NOT included in the bibliography?
A. Page number C. Title
B. Table of contents D. Volume number
14. Which of the following is properly cited?
A. Bok, S. (2010). Exploring happiness: From Aristotle to brain science. New
Haven, CT: Yale.
B. Bok, S. Exploring happiness: From Aristotle to brain science. New
Haven, CT: Yale.
C. Bok, S. (2010). Exploring happiness: From Aristotle to brain science.
New Haven, CT: Yale.
D. Exploring happiness: From Aristotle to brain science. New Haven, CT:
Yale.
Bok, S. (2010).
15. How do we cite an image from an online source with no creator listed? A. Title
of image [Description of image].
B. Title of image [Description of image]. (Date created). Retrieved [date] from
URL
C. Creator, F. M. (Date created). Title of image. [Continue with title of book
or article as appropriate.]
D. Creator, F. M. (Date created). Title of image [Description of image].
Retrieved [date] from URL
LEARN MORE
Directions: List all the references used in your research study. Write the
bibliography following the APA Format, 6th Edition referencing style.
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