A Detailed Lesson Plan in Science 4
Performance Standard
The learners should be able to practice precautionary measures in planning activities.
Content Standard
The learners demonstrate understanding of the different types of soil.
Learning Competencies
Compare and contrast the characteristics of different types of soil. S4ES-IVa-1
I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
A. Identify the three types of soil base on their physical characteristics and layers of soil;
B. demonstrate the different kinds of soil;
C. Appreciate the significance of soil in planting.
II. SUBJECT MATTER
Quarter 4: Chapter 1: Soil
Topic: The types of soil and its characteristics.
A. References: Learner's Material (Science IV) pp. 244-251
k-12 Curriculum Guide (Science IV) S4ES-IVa-1
B. Materials: Powerpoint Presentation, pictures showing the different kinds of soil,
graphic organizer, chart, LED Tv
C. Process Skills: Observing, describing, comparing, measuring and inferring
D. Values Integrated: Awareness on the Effects of the Sun to living things.
III. LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Teacher's Activitiy Learner's Activity
A. Preparatory Activities
1. Prayer
"Good morning class!" "Good morning teacher
"Let us pray first. Eris, can you lead the "Yes, teacher."
prayer." Dear God,
“Amen.” Amen.
"Again, good morning class!"
"Good morning teacher"
"How are you class?"
"We're fine teacher."
"That's good to hear."
2. Checking of Attendance
"Say the name of your seatmate if they're
aren't here."
Who is absent in row 1? No one, teacher
In row 2? No one is absent teacher
How about in row 3? No one also, teacher
"Wow complete attendance!"
Very Good!
3. Classroom Management
"Please pick up the pieces of paper and (Pupils pick up the pieces of paper and
candy wrapper under your chair and put candy wrapper)
them inside your bag and throw it in the
trashcan after our class and arrange your
chair and sit properly."
B. Establishing a Purpose for the
Lesson.
(ENGAGE)
1. Review
Directions: Look at the pictures below.
Arrange the jumbled letters to identify
what kind of soil is being shown.
(Pupils will actively participate)
CLAY LOAM SAND
LACY MOLA DSNA
2. Motivation Princess: Little prince! I am wondering
Let the pupils read the story. what will the earth be without soil?
Prince: I am wondering on that too, Little
Princess.
Princess: Do the different types of soil
differ from each other?
Prince: I’m don’t know little princess,
Come with me and let’s ask for some help
from the grade 4 JS and Earth to explore
and learn more about the soil!
Princess: CAN YOU HELP US?
Do you want to help them? Yes, teacher.
3. Presentation of the lesson
SOIL: ITS TYPES AND
CHARACTERISTICS
What is soil?
(Pupils will read and give their idea)
It is a very important natural
resource on earth.
It is made up of tiny particles of
rocks and decayed plants and
animals.
It covers most of the surface of the
earth.
It is a home for plants, animals,
and humans.
Do you know that there are 3 different
kinds of soil?
CLAY LOAM SAND
(Pupils will read and teacher will explain)
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
SOIL
1. Color
2. Texture
3. Particles
4. Ability to hold water
C. Exploration
CLAY
The texture of the clay is smooth.
It can hold much water and becomes
sticky when wet.
It is made up of very fine or smallest (Pupils will read and teacher will explain)
particles of rocks.
This soil can be used in making pots and
ceramics.
SAND
The texture of sand is coarse.
It can hold a small amount of water.
It is made up of the biggest particles.
This soil can be used in construction
material and as a medium for planting
cactus and aqua plants.
LOAM
The texture of the loam is a combination
of sand and clay.
It can hold enough amount water.
It is made up of bigger particles than clay
and smaller than sand. Yes, teacher
This soil can be used in planting most of
the plants.
Did you understand our lesson for today
class?
Very good! now we will be having a short (Pupils will actively participated)
activity.
(EXPLAIN)
Directions: Give the different types of soil
asked in each item. Raise your hand if Clay
you want to answer.
I hold much water and become
sticky when wet. I made up of the
Loam
smallest particles of rocks. What
am I? Sand
I am a mixture of sand and clay. I
can hold enough water. What am
I?
My particles are the biggest and
my texture is coarse. I cannot hold
water well. What I am?
Directions: Give the particle size of the (Pupils will actively participated)
different types of soil by choosing the
color of a magnifying glass below.
1. SAND 2. CLAY 3. LOAM
Very good! class give yourself a Dionysia
clap.
Now we will be having a layer of soil.
Layers of soil
The soil is made up of different layers.
Each layer has its own characteristics.
Who wants to read? (Pupils will read)
1. ORGANIC
The organic layer (also called the humus
layer) is a thick layer of plant remains
such as leaves and twigs.
2. TOPSOIL
Topsoil is considered the "A" horizon.
It is a fairly thin layer (5 to 10 inches
thick) composed of organic matter and
minerals.
This layer is the primary layer where
plants and organisms live.
The topsoil has sand and clay but is
mostly made up of loam.
3. SUBSOIL
Subsoil is considered the "B" horizon.
This layer is made primarily of clay,
iron, and organic matter.
Its color is usually light because there
is more sand and clay in this layer.
The roots of most trees grow
downward into the subsoil.
4. PARENT ROCK
The parent rock layer is considered the
"C" horizon. This layer is called the parent
rock because the upper layers developed
from this layer. It is made up mostly of
large rocks.
5. BEDROCKS
The bottom layer is several feet below
the surface. The bedrock is made up
of a large solid mass of rock.
Plants and animals cannot live in this
layer.
This layer is a source of materials for
constructing buildings and making
(Pupils will do the activity)
roads and bridges.
4. Application/Elaboration
Direction: On a piece of paper, copy and
connect the dots to its corresponding
answer/meaning.
TOPSOIL it is considered the
“B" horizon.
Organic Plants and
animals cannot
live in this layer.
SUBSOIL it is layer is considered
the "C" horizon.
Parent rock It considered the
"A" horizon.
BEDROCKS a thick layer of
plant remains
such as leaves
and twigs. Yes, teacher
Directions: Give the particle size of the
different types of soil by choosing the Here are the papers teacher.
color of a magnifying glass below.
1. SAND 2. CLAY 3. LOAM
It will help as on making foods, building a
Are you done class? house, foundation for a home, plants, and
Okay, pass your paper in front of you and it will hold more water to protect us on
the person who are at the center well get flood.
the papers and pass it on me.
do not throw garbage anywhere and
plants more tress.
5. Generalization
In what way the soil helps us?
As a student how can you protect the
soil?
IV. EVALUATION
Quiz A: Write T if the statement is correct and write F if the statement is wrong.
_____1. Clay soil has bigger particles than sand.
_____2. Sand feels grainy and is made of big particles.
_____3. Clay soil is heavy and holds water less.
_____4. Loam is a mixture of clay and sand.
_____5. Loam has a fine texture.
Quiz B: Identify the layers of soil. Choose the correct answer from the box.
Organic Topsoil Subsoil Parent Rock Bedrock
Hard soil
V. ASSIGNMENT
Directions: Do research about the different sources of water and give their meaning.
1. Seawater
2. Freshwater
3. Groundwater Prepared by: Prepared to:
RICHARD V. ESTRADA JONALYN D. SALVADOR
Practice Teacher Cooperating Teacher
