NUMBER SYSTEMS

Common Number Systems

System Base Symbols

Decimal 10 0, 1, … 9
Binary 2 0, 1
Octal 8 0, 1, … 7
Hexa- 16 0, 1, … 9,
decimal A, B, … F
Decimal to Binary

 Technique
 Divide by two, keep track of the remainder
 First remainder is bit 0 (LSB, least-significant bit)
 Second remainder is bit 1
 Etc.
Example
12510 = ?2 2 125
2 62 1
2 31 0
2 15 1
2 7 1
2 3 1
2 1 1
0 1

12510 = 11111012
Binary to Decimal

 Technique
 Multiply each bit by 2n, where n is the “weight” of
the bit
 The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0
on the right
 Add the results
Example
Bit “0”

1010112 => 1 x 20 = 1
1 x 21 = 2
0 x 22 = 0
1 x 23 = 8
0 x 24 = 0
1 x 25 = 32
4310
Octal to Binary
 Technique
 Convert each octal digit to a 3-bit equivalent
binary representation

Octal Number Binary Equivalent

0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 0 1 1
4 1 0 0
5 1 0 1
6 1 1 0
7 1 1 1
Example
7058 = ?2

7 0 5

111 000 101

7058 = 1110001012
Binary to Octal

 Technique
 Group bits in threes, starting on right
 Convert to octal digits
Example
10110101112 = ?8

1 011 010 111

1 3 2 7

10110101112 = 13278
Hexadecimal to Binary
Hexa-decimal digit Binary Equivalent
 Technique 0 0 0 0 0
 Convert each hexadecimal 1 0 0 0 1
digit to a 4-bit equivalent
binary representation 2 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 1
4 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0
7 0 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1
A 1 0 1 0
B 1 0 1 1
C 1 1 0 0
D 1 1 0 1
E 1 1 1 0
F 1 1 1 1
Example
10AF16 = ?2

1 0 A F

0001 0000 1010 1111

10AF16 = 00010000101011112
Binary to Hexadecimal

 Technique
 Group bits in fours, starting on right
 Convert to hexadecimal digits
Example
10101110112 = ?16

10 1011 1011

2 B B

10101110112 = 2BB16
Decimal to Octal

 Technique
 Divide by 8
 Keep track of the remainder
Example
123410 = ?8

8 1234
8 154 2
8 19 2
8 2 3
0 2

123410 = 23228
Octal to Decimal

 Technique
 Multiply each bit by 8n, where n is the “weight” of
the bit
 The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0
on the right
 Add the results
Example

7248 => 4 x 80 = 4
2 x 81 = 16
7 x 82 = 448
46810
Decimal to Hexadecimal

 Technique
 Divide by 16
 Keep track of the remainder
Example
123410 = ?16

16 1234
16 77 2
16 4 13 = D
0 4

123410 = 4D216
Hexadecimal to Decimal

 Technique
 Multiply each bit by 16n, where n is the “weight” of
the bit
 The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0
on the right
 Add the results
Example

ABC16 => C x 160 = 12 x 1 = 12

B x 161 = 11 x 16 = 176
A x 162 = 10 x 256 = 2560
274810
Thank you