MOTION IN
CIRCLE
GRADE 11
SMA SEMESTA
2022/2023
Learning Objectives:
12.1 Kinematics of Uniform Circular Motion
1. Define radian and express angular displacement in radians.
2. Understand and use the concept of angular speed.
3. Recall and use ω=2π/T and v = rω
12.2 Centripetal Acceleration
1. Understand that a force of constant magnitude that is always perpendicular to the
direction of motion causes centripetal acceleration.
2. Understand that centripetal acceleration causes circular motion with a constant
angular speed.
3. Recall and use a = rω2 and a = v2/r
4. Recall and use F =mrω2 and F = mv2/r
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PART 1
12.1 Kinematics of
Uniform Circular
Motion
Uniform Circular Motion
• Uniform circular motion is when an object
travels on a circular path at a variable
acceleration. Uniform circular motion is
when an object travels on a circular path at
a constant speed. Uniform circular motion
is when an object travels on a circular path
at a variable speed.
• The speed and radius of an object remains
constant.
• The velocity vector changes because its
direction changes.
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Angular Displacement & Radians
Angular displacement is defined as “the angle in radians (degrees, revolutions)
through which a point or line has been rotated in a specified sense about a specified
axis”. It is the angle of the movement of a body in a circular path.
When a rigid body is rotating about its own axis, the motion ceases to become a
particle. It is so because in a circular path velocity and acceleration can change at
any time. The rotation of rigid bodies or bodies which will remain constant
throughout the duration of rotation, over a fixed axis is called rotational motion.
The angle made by the body from its point of rest at any point in the
rotational motion is the angular displacement.
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Angular Displacement & Radians
For example- If a dancer dancing around a
pole does one full rotation, his or her
angular rotation will be 360°.
On the other hand, he or she makes half a
rotation; the displacement will be 180°.
It is a vector quantity, which means that it
has both magnitude and direction.
For example, a displacement of 360°,
clockwise is very different from 360°,
counter-clockwise. 6
Measure Angular
Displacement (θ)
θ is the angular
displacement,
s is the distance travelled
by the body, and
r is the radius of the circle
along which it is moving.
In simpler words, the displacement of an
object is the distance travelled by it
around the circumference of a circle
divided by its radius.
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Unit of Angular Displacement
SI units of angular displacement are Radian or Degrees.
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EXERCISE 1:
Neena goes around a circular track that has a
diameter of 7 m. If she runs around the entire track
for a distance of 50 m, what is her angular
displacement?
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EXERCISE 2:
Convert 0.7 radians into degree.
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Angular Speed (ω)
• Speed is all about how slow or fast an object moves.
Angular speed is the speed of the object in rotational
motion.
• Angular Speed Formula computes the distance covered
by the body in terms of revolutions or rotations to the
time taken. It is represented by ω
Distance travelled is represented as θ and is measured in radians.
The time taken is measured in terms of seconds.
Therefore, the angular speed is articulated in radians per seconds or rad/s.
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Angular Speed (ω)
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EXERCISE 1:
A student at the local fair works to determine the
angular velocity of the carousel. After 2.5 s, the ride
traveled from 0 radians to 4π radians.
What is the angular velocity of the carousel?
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EXERCISE 2:
A carousel is moving with a linear velocity of 1.822
m/s. If the child sits on a horse at the edge of the
carousel at 325 cm, what is their angular velocity?
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EXERCISE 3:
A child is pushing a merry-go-round with a diameter
of 10 m at their local park. If they complete one
rotation in 5.33 s, What is their linear speed?
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EXERCISE 4:
If a wheel has a 12 m diameter and it is rotating
at 45 rpm, what is the linear speed at the edge
of the wheel?
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EXERCISE 5:
A bike tire with a diameter of 80 cm is spinning at a
rate of 1.5π radians/s.
(a) How many rotations does the wheel complete in
1 minute?
(b) What is a linear velocity in m/s of the tire?
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PART 2
12.2 Centripetal
Acceleration
What cause centripetal acceleration?
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Centripetal Acceleration
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Calculating Centripetal Acceleration
Centripetal acceleration is defined as the acceleration of an object towards
the center of a circle when an object is in motion (rotating) around a circle at a
constant speed.
a : centripetal acceleration (m/s²)
R : radius of curvature (m)
v : linear speed (m/s)
ω : angular speed (rad/s)
The equation shows that centripetal acceleration depends on the radius of curvature, linear
speed, and angular speed.
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Centripetal Force
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Centripetal Force
Centripetal Force Formula
a : centripetal acceleration (m/s²)
R : radius of curvature (m)
v : linear speed (m/s)
ω : angular speed (rad/s)
F : centripetal force (N)
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Worked Example:
A 1000 kg car rounds a turn of 30 meter radius at 9 m/s.
(a) What is its acceleration?
(b) What is the centripetal force?
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Worked Example:
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Worked Example:
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Thank You!
Do you have any
questions?
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