This Version of Scofieldhad Nothing to do with Westcott & Hort.

F HA Scrivener and John Burgon were also published by Oxford, a historically

protestant university. Westcott and Hort, Tischendorf and Nestle entered
into alliances documented elsewhere. The KJV and Geneva Bible were based
on the accurate Koine Greek Textus Receptus.
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 &cofietti &efmnce IBMz

THE
HOLY BIBLE
Containing the Old and New Testaments
authorized version

With a new
greater themes of Scripture, w™ chronology, and
ginal renderings, summaryp^fhard peaces, explanations
^“^^new s^tem ot P—

edited by

REV. C. I. SCOFIELD, D.D.

CONSULTING EDITORS:

REV. HENRY G WESTON , DdX LL.D.. f ^dSiXen^P.f^^Seiinary.

President Crozer Theological Semi a y. REV ELM0RE HARRIS. D-D
REV. JAMES M. GRAY. DD., President Toronto Bible Insbtute.
President Moody Bible Institute. „v ARNO C. GAEBELEIN, D.D..
REV WILLIAM J. ER9M,AN. D^D., Author"HarmonyofPropheticWord, e o., .
Author “The Gospel °£ J°™' etC“ D ‘ REV. WILLIAM L. PETTINGILL, D.D.,
REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D., Author. Editor, Teacher.
Author, Editor, Teacher.

New and Improved Edition

NEW YORK
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON TORONTO MELBOURNE BOMBAY
Scofield Facsimile Series No. x
Minion i6mo, Black-faced-References-India Paper
 introduction.
(TO BE READ.) , _

This edition of the Bible• • -d

lecturer upon^bficalAemes that all of the man^cdlerit ^useful^edibons
the WordPof God left much to be Bible became clear to his

and experienced Bible students ^ J success 0'thers must now judge, to embody in
the present wo*. Thedistinctive as follows: ^ ^of

theEngfeh8 words was trStS^toe divte

bv a new system of connected P ^ "Rible from the place of first mention to
revelation are so traced thr°ngf himself follow ’the gradual unfolding of these, by
the last, that the reader raaJ, f°r„d^aees t0 their culmination in Jesus Chnst and
many inspired wntefq*[Xres This method imparts to Bible study an interest
the New Testament Scriptures, in fro2mentary and disconnected study,
and vital reality which are wholly lacking in ftafmentary ^ ^ in
II. The last fifty,y«fs ^ th^hTstorv o“the Christian Church. Never before
Bible study unprecedented iin tineh men brought to the study of the
have so many reverent, learned, a a.fL.r<orc;Qi motive A new and vast exegetical
Scriptures minds so freefrom mere y cord cessible for bulk, cost, and time: tothe
Copyright, 1909, 1917 and expository literature has been creat , lt of thls half-century of Bible
by average reader The winnowed definitions of this edition.. -Exposi-
study are embodied in the notes, and interpretations, have been rejected,
Oxford University Press tory novelties, and merely persona fo instant reference, on the very page
III. Helps have been provided, available tor a Hebrew month, weight.
American Branch where help is needed. For exa™?1®’ ^ ;s given in the margin. Obscure and diffi-
coin, or measure th® Bn®hsh equ va^e £ “J£dictions> and every important type or
1
CSymbPolSrr?dudd tedd'by preferences. or made the subject of an explanatory foot-

0 0
n t!v nlueofTheePcXected topical lines
the whole teaching of,Scrlpau£® '" assages or proof texts. The saying that any-
hasty generalizations from a fewpa^“ °^e and fals^-true if isolated passages

giveness, grace, hell (whether shoot, ha: . repentance, righteousness, salva-

kingdom, propitiation, reconcile*fw brings), etc., etc., are defined in simple,
tion, sanctification, sin, world (m >ts four been submitted to, and approved by, a
nontechnical terms. These definrtionshave been suom ^ ^ evangelical b d
very large number of eminent students ana c id d ^th an introduction
VI. f3?h tl^t^cmriedtutfnthe tatb“appropriate sub-heads as greatly
V
to facilitate8the by italicized sub-heads
All Rights Reserved VII. The entire Bible das.^“erse ^vision which gives the Authorized Version.
among*mmiy'other^uperiorities, its in recovering
The reprinting of any portion of the Special Helps or References
in this Bible without the publisher’s permission is forbidden.
also great treasures of ethical truth, are; inaica closed to the average
tion of the Bible, nearly one-fourth of the v^nme nas^.^ The method followed

gathers'are analyzed'and

of the divine dealings of God with of the life of man to the end
Printed in the United States of America through and links tc^cthertheg. and tbe gcnptures harmonize.
in eternity. Augustme said D stinguisn tn g , the Authonzed Version.
NoneI°f^th?rMnyirRwisions>have'*cOTnmended themselves to the people at large.
 dun iy udxuvj.u yiMixxdO
A PANORAMIC VIEW OF THE BIBLE.
The Revised Version, which has now been before the public for twenty-seven years,
gives no indication of becoming in any general sense the people’s Bible of the Eng¬ The Bible, inconmarably tlm most mdel^circulat^of^oote.^at mice provokes
lish-speaking world.. .The discovery of the Sinaitic MS. and the labours in the
field of textual criticism of such scholars as Griesbach, Lachmann, Tischendorf, and baffles study. Even ft® t {ignorance of the most'famous and ancient of
unintelligent to remain in ‘Severs soon retire from any serious effort
Tregelles, Winer, Alford, and Westcott and Hort, have cleared the Greek textus books. And yet ^ f(u. tQ s£ek It is
receptus of minor inaccuracies, while confirming in a remarkable degree the general to master the content of the sacred wrin g be intenigently corn-
accuracy of the Authorized Version of that text. Such emendations of the text as found in the fact that no particular portion °f Scnpture por ^ Bib)£
scholarship demands have been placed in the margins of this edition, which there¬ prehended apart from some conception ofi P . . h book, chapter, verse,
fore combines the dignity, the high religious value, the tender associations of the story and message is like a picture wrought out '"m°ss““ne|“ tinted place. It is.
past, the literary beauty and remarkable general accuracy of the Authorized Ver¬
sion, with the results of the best textual scholarship. therefore* SspSle* and fruitful study of the Bible that a
The Editor disclaims originality. Other men have laboured, he has but entered
general knowledge rfU be g^ed marks this unity. (1)
into their labours.. The results of the study of God’s Word by learned and spiritual
men, in every division of the church and in every land, during the last fifty years, Front^eneJ^rii^^ffleJbeare^vitaess^to ^^^^g^^^^concenrintThlm. °r(2)^The
under the advantage of a perfected text, already form a vast literature, inaccessible
to most Christian workers. The Editor has proposed to himself the modest if is consistent with himself, an _tory of humanity in relation to God. (3)
laborious task of summarizing, arranging, and condensing this mass of material.
That he has been able to accomplish this task at all is due in very large measure
to the valuable suggestions and co-operation of the Consulting Editors, who have
freely given of their time and the treasures of their scholarship to this work. It is and once for all. The law is,nrst t , ; between, one writer of
due to them to say that the Editor alone is responsible for the final form of notes
Without the possibility of. collus“i0n%“n it lays down the pen, and in due
and definitions. The Editor’s acknowledgments are also due to a very wide circle Scripture takes up an earlier revelation adds ^ rt.^down^ anPoth’er, add new
of learned and spiritual brethren in Europe and America to whose labours he is
time another man moved by the Ho y P beginning to end the Bible testifies to
indebted for suggestions of inestimable value. It may not be invidious to mention
among these Professor James Barrellet, of the Theological Faculty of Lausanne,
Professors Sayce and Margoliouth, of Oxford, Mr. Walter Scott, the eminent
Bible teacher, and Professor C. R. Erdman, of Princeton.
Finally, grateful thanks are due to those whose generous material assistance doctrine in progressive unfolding. This is to every
has made possible the preparation of a work involving years of time, and repeated able proof of the Divine inspiration tl“ 0B'ble'sixty.six books make up the one
journeys to the centres of biblical learning abroad.
The completed work is now dedicated to the service amongst men of that Loving
and Holy God, whose marvellous grace in Christ Jesus it seeks to exalt.
Jan. 1, 1909. _ C. I. Scofield.
the present edition of th® “®se t moment that the books be studied m the
PREFACE TO THE PRESENT EDITION. visions. It is therefore of the: utmost moment h b k of beginnings

The very large demand for the Scofield Reference Bible in every part of the
world, and the consequent large and repeated printings, have made it necessary
to reset the entire Bible in new type that the high standard of the Oxford University
Press may be maintained,-and the public furnished with this Bible in the highest memory by five key-words, Christ being the one theme (Luke 24. 27;.
form of the printer’s art. To the attainment of this high purpose no labour of PROPAGATION.
Editor or publishers has been counted too great. PREPARATION. MANIFESTATION. PROPA
The Acts.
The Scofield Reference Bible has now been nearly eight years in the hands The O. T. The Gospels. Tht
of the Christian public. The editor would be more, or less, than human if he were
EXPLANATION. CONSUMMATION.
not profoundly grateful, not only, nor chiefly, for the large sale accorded to it, but
rather for the assurances which have reached him from every part of the earth of The Epistles. The Apocalypse.
blessing through its use.
That this testimony has come in part from great biblical scholars has been most In other'^Prds. the Old Testament
gratifying, but.it has been an .especial cause of gratitude to know that the plain
people of God in their homes, and far away missionaries in heathen lands have been
helped to a clearer and more spiritual apprehension of the Word of God.
But the very warmth of this welcome given to his labours has made-the Editor
solicitous that in any new typing of it he might find his opportunity to add, here
SSSSS SsgirgzHKSiS BH
SSTwhKin?ou7^df defined8 groups. Over these may be written, as memory
and there, such further help as experience has shown to be desirable. This he has aids:
endeavoured here to do. The Panoramic View of the whole Bible will, it is believed, REDEMPTION. ORGANIZATION. POETRY. SERMONS
show the unity of the Book—a fact in danger of failing to be perceived in face of Isaiah Jonah
the other and more evident fact that it is made up of many books. Genesis Joshua Job
Psalms Jeremiah Micah
Chronological data have also been supplied; and, on the mechanical side, more Exodus Judges Nahum
Proverbs Ezekiel
distinct type; larger type in the reference columns; and the substitution of Arabic Leviticus Ruth Habakkuk
Ecclesiastes
oovvu Daniel
-
for Roman numerals will be noted as distinct* improvements. Numbers I, II Sam. Zephaniah
The Editor is especially grateful to the many eminent and spiritually minded Deuteronomy I, II Kings Song of Solomon Hosea
Lamentations Joel Haggai
brethren who have aided him by suggestions and counsel, and to those whose most I, II Chronicles Zechariah
Amos
Christian liberality has made such a work possible. He is sure that they, not Ezra Malachi
Obadiah
less emphatically than himself, in again putting- forth this testimony to Him whom Nehemiah
having not seen we love, will say: “Yet not I, but the grace of God which was with Esther
C. I. Scofield.
“Greyshingles,,r Douglaston, L. I., Jan. 1, 1917,

iv
 Again care should be taken not to overlook, in these general groupings, the dis¬
tinctive messages of the several books composing them. Thus, while redemption
is the general theme of the Pentateuch, telling as it doe's the story of the redemption
of Israel out of bondage and into “a good land and large,” each of the five books
has its own distinctive part in the whole. Genesis is the book of beginnings, and
explains the origin of Israel. Exodus tells the story of the deliverance of Israel;
Leviticus of the worship of Israel as a delivered people; Numbers the wanderings
and failures of the delivered people, and Deuteronomy warns and instructs that
people in view of their approaching entrance upon their inheritance.
The Poetical books record the spiritual experiences of the redeemed people in
the varied scenes and events through which the providence of God led them. The
prophets were inspired preachers, and the prophetical books consist of sermons with
brief connecting and explanatory passages. Two prophetical books, Ezekiel and
Daniel, have a different character and are apocalyptic, largely.
Fourth. The Bible tells the Human Story. Beginning, logically, with the
creation of the earth and of man, the story of the race sprung from the first human
pair continues through the first eleven chapters of Genesis. With the twelfth chap¬
ter begins the history of Abraham and of the nation of which Abraham was the
ancestor. It is that nation, Israel, with which the Bible narrative is thereafter
chiefly concerned from the eleventh chapter of Genesis to the second chapter of Leviticus.. 126 *
the Acts of the Apostles. The Gentiles are mentioned, but only in connection with Numbers.^5 •
Israel. But it is made increasingly clear that Israel so fills the scene only because Deuteronomy . . . • 216 •
entrusted with the accomplishment of great world-wide purposes (Deut. 7. 7).
The appointed mission of Israel was, (1) to be a witness to the unity of God J°shua. 287 '
in the midst of universal idolatry (Deut. 6. 4; Isa. 43. 10); (2) to illustrate to the Judges.287
nations the greater blessedness of serving the one true God (Deut. 33 . 26-2y; Ruth.315
1 Chron. 17. 20, 21; Psa. 102. 15); (3) to receive and preserve the Divine revelation Samuel.3~
(Rom. 3. l, 2); and (4) to produce the Messiah, earth’s Saviour and Lord (Rom. 9.4). . Samuel.333
The prophets foretell a glorious future for Israel under the reign of Christ.
The biblical story of Israel, past, present, and future, falls into seven distinct Kings.385
periods: (1) From the call of Abram (Gen. 12) to the Exodus (Ex. 1-20); (2) From . Kings.421
the Exodus to the death of Joshua (Ex. 21 to Josh. 24); (3) from the death of Joshua Chronicles .... 456
to the establishment of the Hebrew monarchy under Saui; (4) the period of the kings . Chronicles .... 490
from Saul to the Captivities; (5) the period of the Captivities; (6) the restored
..S29
commonwealth from the end of the Babylonian captivity of Judah, to the destruction
of Jerusalem, A.D. 70; (7) the present dispersion. Nehemiah.341
The Gospels record the appearance in human history and within the Hebrew Esther.558
nation of the promised Messiah, Jesus Christ, and tell the wonderful story of his
manifestation to Israel, his rejection by that people, his crucifixion, resurrection,
and ascension. „ . ... . .
J°b,.
Psalms.
\fg
The Acts of the Apostles record the descent of the Holy Spirit, and the beginning Proverbs.322
of a new thing in human history, the Church. The division of the race now becomes
threefold—the Jew, the Gentile, and the Church <?f God. Just as Israel is in the
foreground from the call of Abram to the resurrection of Christ, so now the Church
fills the scene from the second chapter of the Acts to the fourth chapter of the Reve¬
lation. The remaining chapters of that book complete the story of humanity and THE BOOKS OF THE
the final triumph of Christ.
Fifth. The Central Theme of the Bible is Christ. It is this manifestation
of Jesus Christ, his Person as “God manifest in the flesh” (1 Tim. 3.16), his sacrificial
death, and his resurrection, which constitute the Gospel. Unto this all preceding
Scripture leads, from this all following Scripture proceeds. The Gospel is preached
in the Acts and explained in the Epistles. Christ, Son of God, Son of man. Son
of Abraham, Son of David, thus binds the many books into one Book. Seed of Philemon . . .
the woman (Gen. 3. is) he is the ultimate destroyer of Satan and his works; Seed he Acts.H42 To the Hebrews
of Abraham he is the world blesser;1 Seed of David he is Israel’s King, “Desire of
all Nations.” Exalted to the right hand of God he is “head over all to the Church, > the Romans . . • 1191 Epistle of James
which is his body,” while to Israel and the nations the promise of his return forms Corinthians . , . .1211 I. Peter ....
the one and only rational expectation that humanity will yet fulfil itself. Mean¬ . Corinthians . . • 1230 II. Peter . . .
while the Church looks momentarily for the fulfilment of his special promise: “I Galatians.1241
will come again and receive you unto myself” (John 14.1-3). To him the Holy Spirit I. John ....
throughout this Gospel age bears testimony. The last book of all, the Consumma¬ Ephesians.1249 II. John . . ,
tion book, is “The Revelation of Jesus Christ” (Rev. 1. 1). Philippians. III. John . . •
Colossians. . Jude.
Thessalonians . . • 1267
Revelation . .
vx . Thessalonians . • 1271
Judaea
,rs' and
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:abean ikofielb Reference Pible
ii (b.c.
tempie

‘ Israel
’ expe.
priest,
THE
e were
of God
5e. and
ompre-
NEW TESTAMENT
)f God,
ly pre’
gst the
.e older
of the AUTHORIZED VERSION
[essiah,

ersecu-
With a new system of connected topical references to all the
greater themes of Scripture, with annotations, revised mar¬
. which
Prob- ginal renderings, summaries, definitions, chronology, and
met on
of the index, to which are added, helps at hard places, explanations
me au-
of the
of seeming discrepancies, and a new system of paragraphs
rnrpose
piritual EDITED BY

mment
achoth, REV. C. I. SCOFIELD, D.D.
i trans-

1 naira-
rodians CONSULTING EDITORS:

lumean REV. HENRY G. WESTON, D.D., LL.D., REV. W. G. MOOREHEAD, D.D.,

President Crozer Theological Seminary. President Xenia (U.P.) Theological Seminary.
ling an
REV. JAMES M. GRAY, D.D., REV. ELMORE HARRIS, D.D..
President Moody Bible Institute. President Toronto Bible Institute.
REV. WILLIAM J. ERDMAN, D.D., REV. ARNO C. GAEBELEIN, D.D.,
Author “The Gospel of John," etc., etc. Author “Harmony of Prophetic Word,"etc., etc.
REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D., REV. WILLIAM L. PETTINGILL, D.D.,
Author, Editor, Teacher. Author, Editor, Teacher.

New and Improved Edition

NEW YORK
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON TORONTO MELBOURNE BOMBAY

Minion i6mo, Black-faced—References Scofield Facsimile Series No. I

 four Gospels
fection, and ascen$
record also a selecti
-Taken together, th
These two facts
n0t a complete biog
them. What is im
and know Him wh
should be able to r
21. 25) a connected
should be too much
cause to be written
passed over in a sile
of Luke’s Gospel.
But the four Gc
feet as a revelation,
we may know the
other three, we ha\
—they set Him foi
Him. they let Him
This is the esse:
phy or portraiture,
are life.,, The stu
Christ.
The distinctive
ing Christ is briefl:
add certain general
I. The Old Test
ever comes to the :
Testament fore vie v
open books.
For the Gospel
The very first vers
the Old; and the ris
tion of His suffer
istries was the op
ment.
Therefore, in ap
far as possible, fre
is it necessary to c
apostolic and Rom
that the Old Testai
Do not, therefo:
assume that “the t
throne” (Rev. 3. 21
posed both of Jew .
II. The mission
John 1. n). He w;
circumcision for the
(Rom. 15. 8), and
Expect, therefor
17-19; 6. 12; cf. Eph
Sermon on the Mo
ing (Mt. 5. 3-9) th;
(Gal. 5. 22, 23).
III. The doctri
but those doctrines
the great germ-trui
the unfolding. Fiu
of the Gospels.
 THE FOUR GOSPELS.
four Gospels record the eternal being, human ancestry, birth, death, resur-
reCtion, and ascension of Jesus the Christ, Son of God, and Son of Man. They
record also a selection from the incidents of His life, and from His words and works.
Taken together, they set forth, not a biography but a Personality.
These two facts, that we have in the four Gospels a complete Personality, but
not a complete biography, indicate the spirit and intent in which we should approach
them. What is important is that through these narratives we should come to see
and know Him whom they reveal. It is of relatively small importance that we
should be able to piece together out of these confessedly incomplete records (John
21. 25) a connected story of His life. For some adequate reason—perhaps lest we
should be too much occupied with “Christ after the flesh”—it did not please God to
cause to be written a biography of His Son. The twenty-nine formative years are
passed over in a silence which is broken but once, and that in but twelve brief verses
of Luke’s Gospel. It may be well to respect the divine reticencies.
But the four Gospels, though designedly incomplete as a story, are divinely per¬
fect as a revelation. We may not through them know everything that He did, but
we may know the Doer. In four great characters, each of which completes the
other three, we have Jesus Christ Himself. The Evangelists never describe Christ
—they set Him forth. They tell us almost nothing of what they thought about
Him. they let Him speak and act for Himself.
i This is the essential respect in which these narratives differ from mere biogra¬
phy or portraiture. “The words that I speak unto you, they are spirit, and they
are life.” The student in whom dwells an ungrieved Spirit finds here the living
Christ.
The distinctive part which each Evangelist bears in this presentation of the liv¬
ing Christ is briefly noted in separate Introductions, but it may be profitable to
add certain general suggestions.
I. The Old Testament is a divinely provided Introduction to the New; and who¬
ever comes to the study of the four Gospels with a mind saturated with the Old
Testament foreview of the Christ, His person, work, and kingdom, will find them
open books.
For the Gospels are woven of Old Testament quotation, allusion, and type.
The very first verse of the New Testament drives the thoughtful reader back to
the Old; and the risen Christ sent His disciples to the ancient oracles for an explana¬
tion of His sufferings and glory (Lk. 24. 27, 44, 45). One of His last min¬
istries was the opening of their understandings to understand the Old Testa¬
ment.
Therefore, in approaching the study of the Gospels the mind should be freed, so
far as possible, from mere theological concepts and presuppositions. Especially
is it necessary to exclude the notion—a legacy in Protestant thought from post-
apostolic and Roman Catholic theology—that the Church is the true Israel, and
that the Old Testament foreview of the kingdom is fulfilled in the Church.
Do not, therefore, assume interpretations to be true because familiar. Do not
assume that “the throne of David” (Lk. 1. 32) is synonymous with “My Father’s
throne” (Rev. 3. 21), or that “the house of Jacob” (Lk. 1. 33) is the Church com¬
posed both of Jew and Gentile.
II. The mission of Jesus was, primarily, to the Jews (Mt. 10. 5, 6; 15. 23-25;
John 1. 11). He was “made under the law” (Gal. 4. 4), and was “a minister of the
circumcision for the truth of God, to confirm the promises made unto the fathers”
(Rom. 15. 8), and to fulfil the law that grace might flow out.
[ Expect, therefore, a strong legal and Jewish colouring up to the cross (e.g. Mt. 5.
17-19; 6. 12; cf. Eph. 4. 32; Mt. 10. 5, 6; 15. 22-28; Mk. 1. 44; Mt. 23. 2, etc.). The
Sermon on the Mount is law, not grace, for it demands as the condition of bless¬
ing (Mt. 5. 3-9) that perfect character which grace, through divine power, creates
(Gal. 5. 22, 23).
III. The doctrines of grace are to be sought in the Epistles, not in the Gospels;
but those doctrines rest back upon the death and resurrection of Christ, and upon
the great germ-truths to which He gave utterance, and of which the Epistles are
the unfolding. Furthermore, the only perfect example of perfect grace is the Christ
of the Gospels.
989
 IV. The Gospels do not unfold the doctrine of the Church. The word occur
in Matthew only. After His rejection as King and Saviour by the Jews, our Lord
T
:urs
2.
31
All the Evangelist:
All record the fees
announcing a mystery until that moment “hid in God” (Eph. 3. 3-io), said, “I will
>rd, 4.’ All record Christ’s
5] All record the bet:
build my church” (Mt. 16. 16, is). It was, therefore, yet future; but His persona} ■nai
ministry had gathered out the believers who were, on the day of Pentecost, by »nd literal resurrection i
baptism with the Spirit, made the first members of “the church which is his body>> fhe death of Christ was
(1 Cor. 12. 12, 13; Eph. 1. 23). S,at all which precedes 1
The Gospels present a group of Jewish disciples, associated on earth with a all the blessings which G
Messiah in humiliation; the Epistles a Church which is the body of Christ in glory " 6. AH record the resu
associated with Him in the heavenlies, co-heirs with Him of the Father, co-rule^ ng unchanged by the tre
with Him over the coming kingdom, and, as to the earth, pilgrims and strangers • note of universality
(1 Cor. 12. 12, 13; Eph. 1, 3-14, 20-23; 2. 4-6; 1 Pet. 2. 11). 7. All point forward i
V. The Gospels present Christ in His three offices of Prophet, Priest, and King,
As Prophet His ministry does not differ in kind from that of the Old Testament
prophets. It is the dignity of His Person which makes Him the unique Prophet.
Of old, God spoke through the prophets; now He speaks in the Son (Heb. 1. 1, 2)’
The old prophet was a voice from God; the Son is God Himself (Deut. 18. is, 19),
The prophet in any dispensation is God’s messenger to His people, first to estab¬
lish truth, and, secondly, when they are in declension and apostasy to call them
back to truth. His message, therefore, is, usually, one of rebuke and appeal. Only
when these fall on deaf ears does he become a foreteller of things to come. In
this, too, Christ is at one with the other prophets. His predictive ministry fol¬
lows His rejection as King.
The sphere and character of Christ’s Kingly office are defined in the Davidic
Covenant (2 Sam. 7. 8-16, and re/s.), as interpreted by the prophets, and confirmed
by the New Testament. The latter in no way abrogates or modifies either the
Davidic Covenant or its prophetic interpretation. It adds details which were not
in the prophet’s vision. The Sermon on the Mount is an elaboration of the idea of
“righteousness” as the predominant characteristic of the Messianic kingdom (Isa. 11.
2-5; Jer. 23. 5, 6; 33. 14-16). The Old Testament prophet was perplexed by see¬
ing in one horizon, so to speak, the suffering and the glory of Messiah (1 Pet. 1. 10,
11). The New Testament shows that these are separated by the present church-
age, and points forward to the Lord’s return as the time when the Davidic Covenant
of blessing through power will be fulfilled (Lk. 1. 30-33; Acts 2. 29-36; 15. 14-17);
just as the Abrahamic Covenant of blessing through suffering was fulfilled at His
first coming (Acts 3. 25; Gal. 3. 6-14).
Christ is never called King of the Church. “The King” is indeed one of the
divine titles, and the Church in her worship joins Israel in exalting “the king, eternal,
immortal, invisible” (Psa. 10. 16; 1 Tim. 1. 17). But the Church is to reign with
Him. The Holy Spirit is now calling out, not the subjects, but the co-heirs and
co-rulers of the kingdom (2 Tim. 2.11,12; Rev. 1.6; 3. 21; 5.10; Rom. 8.15-I8; 1 Cor 6.
2, 3).
Christ’s Priestly office is the complement of His prophetic office. The prophet
is God’s representative with the people; the priest is the people’s representative
with God. Because they are sinful he must be a sacrificer; because they are needy
he must be a compassionate intercessor (Heb. 5. 1, 2; 8. 1-3). So Christ, on the
cross, entered upon His high-priestly work, offering Himself without spot unto God
(Heb. 9. 14), as now He compassionates His people in an ever-living intercession
(Heb. 7. 25). Of that intercession John 17. is the pattern.
VI. Distinguish, in the Gospels, interpretation from moral application.
Much in the Gospels which belongs in strictness of interpretation to the Jew or the
kingdom, is yet such a revelation of the mind of God, and so based on eternal prin¬
ciples, as to have a moral application to the people of God whatever their position
dispensationally. It is always true that the “pure in heart” are happy because
they “see God,” and that “woe” is the portion of religious formalists whether under
law or grace.
VII. Especial emphasis rests upon that to which all four Gospels bear a united
testimony. That united testimony is sevenfold:
1. In all alike is revealed the one unique Personality. The one Jesus is King in
Matthew, Servant in Mark, Man in Luke, and God in John. But not only so: for
Matthew’s King is also Servant, Man, and God; and Mark’s Servant is also King,
and Man, and God; Luke’s Man is also King, and Servant, and God; and John’s
eternal Son is also King, and Servant, and Man.
The pen is a different pen; the incidents in which He is seen are sometimes dif¬
ferent incidents; the distinctive character in which He is presented is a different
character; but He is always the same Christ. That fact alone would mark these
books as inspired.
990
 T
:«rs

1 wiij
2.
3*
4’
5]
All the Evangelists record the ministry of John the Baptist.
All record the feeding of the five thousand.
All record Christ’s offer of Himself as King, according to Micah.
All record the betrayal by Judas; the denial by Peter; the trial, crucifixion,
personal nd literal resurrection of Christ. And this record is so made as to testify that
*• the the death of Christ was the supreme business which brought Him into the world;
11S body’.
Jhat all which precedes that death is but preparation for it; and that from it flow
111 the blessings which God ever has or ever will bestow upon man.
h with a 81 6. All record the resurrection ministry of Christ; a ministry which reveals Him
in glory
<15 unchanged by the tremendous event of His passion, but a ministry keyed to a
co-rule^
strange^ new note of universality, and of power.
7. All point forward to His second coming.
nd King,
estament
Prophet
■ *• »> 2).
5. 18, 19),
to estabi
;all them
al. Only
ome. In
istry fob

! Davidic
:onfirmed
ither the
were not
le idea of
1 (Isa.11.
1 by see-
'et. 1. 10,
t church-
'ovenant
5. 14-17);
:d at His

re of the
:, eternal,
:ign with
heirs and
1 Cor 6.

: prophet !
sentative !
ire needy
t, on the
into God
:ercession

Heat ion.
:w or the
■nal prin-
■ position
because
ler under

a united

! King in
Iy so: for
Iso King,
d John’s

imes dif-
different
irk these

991
 HOW TO USE THE SUBJECT REFERENCES.
The subject references lead the reader from the first clear mention of a great truth
to the last. The first and last references (in parenthesis) are repeated each time,
so that wherever a reader comes upon a subject he may recur to the first reference
and follow the subject, or turn at once to the Summary at the last reference.

ILLUSTRATION
(at Mark 1.1.)
b Gospel, vs.
1,14,15; Mk.
8.35. (Gen.
12.1-3; Rev.
14.6.)

Here Gospel is the subject; vs. 1, 14, 15 show where it is at that particular place;
Mk. 8. 35 is the next reference in the chain, and the references in parenthesis are
the first and last.

992
 THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO

i *] ST. MATTHEW.
Writer. The writer of the first Gospel, as all agree, was Matthew, called also
Levi, a Jew of Galilee who had taken service as a tax-gatherer under the Roman
oppressor. He was, therefore, one of the hated and ill-reputed publicans.
The date of Matthew has been much discussed, but no convincing reason has
been given for discrediting the traditional date of a.d. 37.
Theme. The scope and purpose of the book are indicated in the first verse
Matthew is the “book of the generation of JeSus Christ, the Son of David, the Son
of Abraham” (Mt. 1. 1). This connects Him at once with two of the most im¬
portant. of the Old Testament covenants: the Davidic Covenant of kingship, and the
Abrahamic Covenant of promise (2 Sam. 7. 8-16; Gen. 15. is)
Of Jesus Christ in that twofold character, then, Matthew writes. Following the
order indicated in the first verse, he writes first of the King, the Son of David; then
of the Son of Abraham, obedient unto death, according to the Isaac type (Gen. 22.
1-18; Heb. 11. 17-19).
But the prominent character of Christ in Matthew is that of the covenanted King,
David’s “righteous Branch” (Jer 23-. 5; 33. 15). Matthew records His genealogy;
His birth in Bethlehem the city of David, according to Micah (5. 2); the minis¬
try of His forerunner according to Malacbi (3. 1); the ministry of the King Him¬
self; His rejection by Israel; and His predictions of His second coming in power
and great glory.
Only then (Mt. 26.-28.) does Matthew turn to the earlier covenant, and record
the sacrificial death of the Son of Abraham.
This determines the purpose and structure of Matthew. It is peculiarly the
Gospel for Israel; and, as flowing from the death of Christ, a Gospel for the whole
world. .
Matthew falls into three-principal divisions:
I. The manifestation to Israel and rejection of Jesus Christ the Sod of David,
bom King of the Jews, 1.1-25. 46.- The subdivisions of this part are: (1) The official
genealogy and birth of the King, 1. 1-25; (2) the infancy and obscurity of the King,
2. 1-23; (3) the kingdom “at hand,” 3. i-12. 50 (the order of events of this sub¬
division is indicated in the text); (4) the mysteries of the kingdom, 13. 1-52; (5) the
ministry of the rejected King, 13. 53-23. 39; (6) the promise of the King to return
in power and glory, 24. 1-25. 46.
II. The sacrifice and resurrection of Jesus Christ, the Son of Abraham, 26
1-28. s.
III. The risen Lord in ministry to His own, 28. 9-23.
The events recorded in Matthew cover a period of 38 years (Ussher).

of her that had been the wife of

CHAPTER 1. “’Unas;
o Judah, Gen.
'T'HE book of the generation of 29.35. 7 And Solomon begat “Roboam;
Gen.
Jesus Christ, the son of David, b Pharez,
38.27
and Roboam begat /Abia; and Abia
the son of Abraham. c Boaz, 1 Chr. begat Asa;
2 Abraham begat Isaac; and Isaac 2.11. 8 And Asa begat rjosaphat; and
begat Jacob; and Jacob begat “Ju¬ d. 2Uriah,
Sam.11.3.
Josaphat begat Joram; and Joram
das and his brethren: e Rehoboam, begat "Ozias;
3 And Judas begat Shares and 1 Ki.11.43. 9 And Ozias begat Joatham; and
Zara of Thamar; and Phares begat / Abijah,
2 Chr 11.20.
Joatham begat *Achaz; and Achaz
Esrom; and Esrom begat Aram, g Jehosha- begat Ezekias;
4 And Aram begat Aminadab; phat, 1 Chr. 10 And Ezekias begat Manasses;
and Aminadab begat Naasson; and 3.10. and Manasses begat Amon; and
h Uzziah, 2 Ki.
Naasson begat Salmon; 15.13. Called Amon begat rjosias;
5 And Salmon begat cBooz of Ra- also Azariah, 11 And Josias begat Jechonias
tiiab; and Booz begat Obed of i Ahaz, 2 Chr.22.6. and his brethren, about the time
2 Ki.
Ruth; and Obed begat Jesse; 15.38. they were carried away to Baby¬
6 And Jesse begat David the king; j Josiah, 1 Ki. lon:
and David the king begat Solomon 13.2. 12 And after they were brought to
993
 1 13] St. MATTHEW.

Babylon, Jechonias begat Salathiel; 20 But while he thought on thesP

and Salathiel begat aZorobabel; things, behold, ^the. angel of
a Zerubbabel, Lord appeared unto him in a dreary
13 And Zorobabel begat Abiud; 1 Chr.3.19.
and Abiud begat Eliakim; and Eli saying, Joseph, thou son of David’
akim begat Azor; b Christ (First fear not to take unto thee Mary thy
Advent). wife: for that which is conceived
14 And Azor begat Sadoc; and Mt.2.1-5.
Sadoc begat Achim; and Achim be (Gen.3.15; her is of the Holy Ghost.
gat Eliud; Acts 1.9.) 21 And she shall bring forth a so^
15 And Eliud begat Eleazar; and and thou shalt call his nam»
c Holy Spirit
Eleazar begat Matthan; and Mat (N.T.).vs.l8- JESUS: forTie shall ^save his'pen
than begat Jacob; 20; Mt.3.11- pfe Trom their -'sms.
16 And Jacob begat Joseph the 16. (Mt.l. 22'TTow all this was done, that
18; Acts 2.4.)
husband of JMary, 1 2of whom was lit might be fulfilled which was
bom Jesus, who is called 3Christ. d Gr. an spoken *of the Lord by the prophet
17 So all the generations from angel. saying,
Abraham to David are fourteen e Rom.1.16, 23 Behold, ha virgin shall be with
generations; and from David until note. child, and shall bring forth a son,
the carrying away into Babylon1 * and they shall call his name Em’
f Rom.3.23,
are fourteen generations; and from note. manuel, which being interpreted is,
the carrying away into Babylon God with us.
unto Christ are fourteen genera¬ g Isa.7.14. Lit. 24 Then Joseph being raised from
by the Lord
tions. through the
sleep did as the *angel of the Lord
prophet. had bidden him, and took unto him
Conception and birth of Jesus
his wife:
(Lk. 1. 26-35; 2.1-7; John 1.1, 2,14). ; Lit. the
virgin. 25 And knew her not till she had
18 6Now the birth of Jesus Christ brought forth her firstborn son: and
was on this wise; When as his : Heb.1.4, he called his name iJESUS.
note.
mother Mary was espoused to Jo¬
seph, before they came together, j The Gr.
CHAPTER 2.
she was found with child of the form of the
Heb. Je-
*Holy Ghost. hoshua, Visit of the Magi.
19 Then Joseph her husband, be¬ meaning
ing a just man, and not willing to Saviour.
make her a publick example, was k Lk.2.4-7.
N OW when Jesus was *born in
Bethlehem of Judaea in the days
minded to put her away privily. of 4Herod the king, behold, there

1 Six Marys are to be distinguished in the N.T.: (1) Mary the mother of Jesus;
always clearly identified by the context. (2) Mary Magdalene, a woman of Mag-
dala, “out of whom went seven demons” (Lk. 8. 2). She is never mentioned apart
from the identifying word “Magdalene.” (3) The mother of James (called “the
less,” Mk. 15. 40) and Joses, the apostles. A comparison of John 19. 25, Mt. 27. 56,
and Mk. 15. 40 establishes the inference that this Mary, the mother of James the
less, and of Joses, was the wife of Alphaeus (called also Cleophas, John 19. 25), and
a sister of Mary the mother of Jesus. Except in Mt. 27. 61, and 28. 1, where she
is called “the other Mary” (i.e. “other” than her sister, Mary the Virgin); and
John 19. 25, where she is called “of Cleophas,” she is mentioned only in connec¬
tion with one or both of her sons. (4) Mary of Bethany, sister of Martha and
Lazarus, mentioned by name only in Lk. 10. 39, 42; John 11. 1, 2, 19, 20, 28, 31, 32, 45;
12. 3, but referred to in Mt. 26. 7; Mk. 14. 3-9. (5) The mother of John Mark,
and sister of Barnabas (Acts 12. 12). (6) A helper of Paul in Rome (Rom. 16. 6).
2 The changed expression here is important. It is no longer, “who begat,” but,
“Mary, of whom was bom Jesus.” Jesus was not “begotten” of natural generation.
3 Christ (Christos = anointed), the Greek form of the Hebrew “Messiah”
(Dan. 9. 25, 26), is the/official name of our Lord, as Jesus is His human name (Lk.
1. 31; 2. 21). The name, or title, “Christ,” connects Him with the entire O.T.
foreview (Zech. 12. 8, note) of a coming Prophet (Deut. 18. 15-19), Priest (Psa.
110. 4), and King (2 Sam. 7. 7-10). As these were typically anointed with oil (1 Ki.
19. 16; Ex. 29. 7; 1 Sam. 16 13), so Jesus was anointed with the Holy Spirit (Mt.
3.16; Mk. 1. 10,11; Lk. 3. 21, 22; John 1. 32, 33), thus becoming officially “the Christ.”
4 Called Herod the Great, son of Antipater, an Idumean (see Gen. 36. 1, note),
and Cypros, an Arabian woman. Antipater was appointed Procurator of Judaea
by Julius Caesar, B.c. 47. At the age of fifteen Herod was appointed to the govern¬
ment of Galilee. B.C. 40 the Roman senate made him king of Judaea. An able,
strong, and cruel man, he increased greatly the splendour of Jerusalem, erecting the
temple which was the centre of Jewish worship in the time of our Lord.
994
 2A St. MATTHEW. [2 17
carne wise men from the east to child with Mary his mother, and
Jerusalem, fell down, and worshippedliim: and
Jl Saying, Where is he that is bom when they had opened their treas¬
lojCing of the Jews? for we have ures, they presented unto him gifts;
seen his star in the east, and are gold, and frankincense, and nyrrh.
c0ine to worship him. 12 And being warned of God in a
3 When Herod the king had heard dream that they should not return
0ese things, he was troubled, and to Herod, they departed into their
all Jerusalem with him. own country another way.
a Kingdom
4 And when he had gathered all (N.T.). Mt. The Right into Egypt.
the chief priests and 1 2scribes of the 2.6. (Lk.l.
people together, he demanded of 31-33; 1 Cor. 13 And when they were departed,
15.24.)
them where ^Christ should be born. behold, /the angel of the Lord ap-
5 And they said unto him. In b Lit. the peareth to Joseph in a dream, say¬
Bethlehem of Judaea: cfor thus it is Christ. ing, Arise, and take the young child
written by the prophet, c Christ (First
and his mother, and flee into Egypt,
6 And thou Bethlehem, in the Advent). Mt. and be thou there until I bring thee
land of Juda, art not the least 4.15,16. word: for Herod will seek the young
(Gen.3.15;
among the princes of Juda: for out Acts 1.9.) child to destroy him.
of thee shall come a Governor, that 14 When he arose, he took the
shall “'rule my people Israel. d Kingdom young child and his mother by
(N.T.). night, and departed into Egypt:
7 Then Herod, when he had priv¬ Mt.3.2.
ily called the wise men, enquired (Lk.1.31-33; 15 And was there until the death,
of them diligently what time the 1 Cor.15.28.) of Herod: that it might be fulfilled
'star appeared. which was spoken «of the Lord by
e Num.24.17
8 And he sent them to Bethle¬ the prophet, saying, 3Out of ^Egypt
hem, and said. Go and search dili¬ / Lit.an angel. have I called my son.
gently for the young child: and g Lit. by Herod’s slaughter of the
when ye have found him, bring me the Lord innocents.
word again, that I may come and through the
prophet. 16 Then Herod, when he saw that
worship him also.
9 When they had heard the king, h Hos.11.1. he was mocked of the wise men, was
they departed; and, lo, the star, exceeding wroth, and sent forth,
which they saw in the east, went and slew all the children that were
before them, till it came and stood in Bethlehem, and in all the coasts
over where the young child was. thereof, from two years old and
10 When they saw the star, they under, according to the time which
rejoiced with exceeding great joy. he had diligently enquired of the
11 And when they were come in¬ wise men.
to the house, they saw the young 17 Then was fulfilled that which

1 “The King” is one of the divine titles (Psa. 10 16), and so used in the worship
of the Church (1 Tim 1. 17), but Christ is never called “King of the Church.” He
is “King of the Jews” (Mt. 2. 2) and Lord and “Head of the Church” (Eph. 1. 22,
23). See “Church” (Mt. 16. is; Heb. 12. 23).
2Gr. grammateis, “writer.” Heb. sopherim, “to write,” “set in order,”
“count.” The scribes were so called because it was their office to make copies of the
Scriptures; to classify and teach the precepts of the oral law (see “Pharisees,” Mt.
3. 7, note), and to keep careful count of every letter in the O.T. writings. Such an
office was necessary in a religion of law and precept, and was an O.T. function
(2 Sam. 8.17; 20. 25; 1 Ki. 4, 3; Jer. 8. s; 36.10,12,26). To this legitimate work the
scribes added a record of rabbinical decisions on questions of ritual (Halachoth);
the new code resulting from those decisions (Mishna); the Hebrew sacred legends
(Gemara, forming with the Mishna the Talmud); commentaries on the O.T. (Mid-
rashim); reasonings upon these (Hagada); and, finally, mystical interpretations
which found in Scripture meanings other than the grammatical, lexical, and obvious
ones (the Kabbala); not unlike the allegorical method of Origen, or the modern
Protestant “spiritualizing” interpretation. In our Lord’s time, to receive this
mass of writing superposed upon the Scriptures was to be orthodox, to return to the
Scriptures themselves was heterodoxy—our Lord’s most serious offence.
3 The words quoted are in Hos. 11. 1, and the passage illustrates the truth that
prophetic utterances often have a latent and deeper meaning than at first appears.
Israel nationally, was a “son” (Ex. 4. 22), but Christ was the greater “Son. See
Rom. 9. 4, 5; Isa. 41. 8, with Isa. 42. 1-4; 52. 13, 14, where the servant-nation and the
Servant-Son are both in view.
995
2 18] St. MATTHEW.
[3^7
was spoken by Jeremy the prophet, B.C. 3. be fulfilled which was spoken bv
saying, the prophets. dHe shall be called a
18 aIn Rama was there a voice ob Jer.31.15.
Heb. 1.4, Nazarene. *
heard, lamentation, and weeping, note.
and great mourning, Rachel weep¬ c Son of Herod CHAPTER 3.
ing for her children, and would not the Great (Mt.
2.1) and Mai
be comforted, because they are not. thace, a Sa¬ Ministry of John the Baptist
maritan (Mk. 1. 3-8; Lk. 3. 2-17; John 1
6-8, 19-28).
The return from Egypt to Naza¬ woman. De
reth. (Cf. Lk. 2. 39, 40.)
posed A.D. 6.
d Probably re¬ INtist,
those days came John the Bap.
19 But when Herod was dead, be¬ ferring to
Isa. 11.1,
preaching in the wilderness
hold, an 6 angel of the Lord appear- where Christ of Judaea,
eth in a dream to Joseph in Egypt, is spoken of as 2 And laying, /Repent ye: for
20 Saying, Arise, and take the “a netzer «the 1 kingdom of heaven is Aat hand.
(or, ‘rod’)out
young child and his mother, and of the stem 3 For this is he that was spoken
go into the land of Israel: for they of Jesse.” of by the prophet Esaias, saying,
are dead which sought the young e See Acts 17.
30, note,
The voice of one crying in the wil¬
child’s life. f Repen tance.
derness,- Prepare ye the way of the
21 And he arose, and took the vs.2,8,11; Mt. 'Lord, make his paths straight.
young child and his mother, and 4.17. (Mt.3.2; 4 And the same John had his rai¬
Acts 17.30.) ment of camel’s hair, and a leathern
came into the land of Israel. g Kingdom (N.
22 But when he heard that cAr- T.). Mt.4.17. girdle about his loins; and his meat
chelaus did reign in Judaea in the (Lk. 1.31-33; was locusts and wild honey.
1 Cor.15.24.) 5 Then went out to him Jerusa¬
room of his father Herod, he was Ih Gospel, ve.l,
afraid to go thither: notwithstand¬ 2; Mt.4.23. lem, and all Judaea, and all the re¬
ing, being warned of God in a (Gen.12.I-3; gion round about Jordan,
Rev.14.6.) 6 And were baptized of him in
dream, he turned aside into the i Jehovah.
parts of Galilee: Isa.40.3. Jordan, confessing their /sins.
23 And he came and dwelt in a j Sin. Rom. 3. 7 But when he saw many of the
23, note. 2Pharisees and 3Sadducees come to
city called Nazareth: that it might
1 (1) The phrase, kingdom of heaven (lit. of the heavens), is peculiar to Matthew
and signifies the Messianic earth rule of Jesus Christ, the Son of David. It is called
the kingdom of the heavens because it is the rule of the heavens over the earth
(Mt. 6. 10). The phrase is derived from Daniel, where it is defined (Dan. 2. 34-36,
44; 7. 23-27) as the kingdom which “the God of heaven’’ will set up after the de¬
struction by “the stone cut out without hands” of the Gentile world-system. It is
the kingdom covenanted to David’s seed (2 Sam. 7. 7-10, refs.); described in the
prophets (Zech. 12. 8, note); and confirmed to Jesus the Christ, the Son of Mary,
through the angel Gabriel (Lk. 1. 32,33). . N
(2) The kingdom of heaven has three aspects in Matthew: (a) at hand
from the beginning of the ministry of John the Baptist (Mt. 3. 2) to the virtual
rejection of the King, and the announcement of the new brotherhood (Mt. 12, 46-
50); (b) in seven “mysteries of the kingdom of heaven,” to be fulfilled during the
present age (Mt. 13. 1-52), to which are to be added the parables of the kingdom
of heaven which were spoken after those of Mt. 13., and which have to do with the
sphere of Christian profession during this age; (c) the prophetic aspect—the king¬
dom to be set up after the return of the King in glory (Mt. 24. 29-25. 46; Lk. 19.
12-19; Acts 15. 14-17). See “Kingdom (N.T.)” (Lk. 1. 33; 1 Cor. 15. 28). Cf. “King¬
dom of God,” Mt. 6. 33, note.
2 So called from a Heb. word meaning “separate.” After the ministry of the post-
exilic prophets ceased, godly men called “Chasidim” (saints) arose who sought to
keep alive reverence for the law amongst the descendants of the Jews who returned
from the Babylonian captivity. This movement degenerated into the Pharisaism
of our Lord’s day—a letter-strictness which overlaid the law with traditional inter¬
pretations held to have been communicated by Jehovah to Moses as oral explana¬
tions of equal authority with the law itself (cf. Mt. 15. 2, 3; Mk. 7. 8-13; Gal. 1. MJ-
The Pharisees were strictly a sect. A member was “chaber” (i.e. “knit to¬
gether,” Jud. 20. 11), and took an obligation to remain true to the principles ot
Pharisaism. They were correct, moral, zealous, and self-denying, but self-righteous
(Lk. 18. 9), and destitute of the sense of sin and need (Lk. 7. 39). They were tne
foremost persecutors of Jesus Christ and the objects of His unsparing denunciatio
(e.g. Mt. 23. 13-29; Lk. 11. 42, 43). , e
3 Not strictly a sect, but rather those amongst the Jews who denied the existen
of angels or other spirits, and all miracles, especially the resurrection. They we
996
3 8] St. MATTHEW. [4
tj5 baptism, he said unto them, O A.D. 27 15 And Jesus answering said unto
Generation of vipers, who hath him, 1 Suffer it to be so now: for
yarned you to flee from the wrath ab Lit. progeny
Repentance.
thus it becometh us to fulfil all
to come? vs.2,8,11; 'righteousness. Then he suffered
g Bring forth therefore fruits meet Mt.4.17. him.
^repentance: (Mt.3.2; 16 And 2Jesus, when he was bap¬
Acta 17.30.)
9 And think not to say within C Holy Spirit. tized, went up straightway out of
yourselves, We have Abraham to V8.ll,16; Mt. the water: and, lo, the heavens
0ur father: for I say unto you, that 4.1. (Mt.1.18; were opened unto him, and he saw
Acts 2.4.)
Qod is able of these stones to raise] d would have the Spirit of God descending like a
up children unto Abraham. hindered. dove, and lighting upon him:
10 And now also the axe is laid e 1note.John 3.7, 17 And lo a voice from heaven.
unto the root of the trees: therefore f Lit. This is saying, -^This is my beloved Son, in
every tree which bringeth not forth my Son— 1 whom I am well pleased.
good fruit is hewn down, and cast the Beloved.
Mt.17.5;
into the fire. Mk.9.7;
11 I indeed baptize you with Lk.9.35. CHAPTER 4.
water unto repentance: but he that Cf.Isa.42.1,
Eph.1.6.
cometh after me is mightier than I, g Holy Spirit. The temptation of Jesus (Mk.l.
whose shoes I am not worthy to Mt.10.20. 12, 13; Lk. 4. 1-13; cf. Gen. 3. 6).
bear: he shall baptize you with the (Mt.1.18;
Acts 2.4.)
‘Holy Ghogt, and with fife: h Temptation. 3HpHEN was Jesus led up of the
12 Whose fan is inTusliand, and vs. 1,3,7; Mt. A ^spirit into the wilderness to
he will throughly puree, his floor, 6.13. (Gen.3. be ^tempted of the *’devil.
1; Jas.1.14.)
and gather his wheat into the gar¬ i Satan, 2 And when he had fasted forty
ner: but he will bum up the chaff Gr .diabolos, days and forty nights, he was after¬
with unquenchable fire. accuser. ward an hungred.
vs.1,5,8,10,
3 And when the tempter came to
Baptism of Jesus (Mk. 1. 9-11; 11; Mt.12.
26. (Gen.3.1; him, he said. If thou be the Son of
Lk. 3. 21, 22; cf. John 1. 31-34). Rev.20.10.) God, command that these stones be
» Deut.8.3.
13 Then cometh Jesus from Gali¬ k Inspiration. made bread.
lee to Jordan unto John, to be vs.4,7,10; 4 But he answered and said. It is
baptized of him. Mt.5.18. written, ->Man shall- not Jive by
(Ex.4.15;
14 But John ^forbad him, saying, Rev.22.19.)
I have need to be baptized of thee, / Jehovah. that proceedethjaat-Qflhe mouth of
and comest thou to me? Deut.8.3. lG6dT~

the religious rationalists of the time (Mk. 12. 18-23; Acts 5. 15-17; 23. 8), and strongly
entrenched in the Sanhedrin and priesthood (Acts 4. 1; 5. 17). They are identified
with no affirmative doctrine, but were mere deniers of the supernatural.
1 Why one who needed no repentance should insist upon receiving a rite which
signified confession (v. 6) and repentance (v. 11) is nowhere directly explained.
It may be suggested: (1) That Jesus was now to receive His anointing with the
Holy Spirit (v. 16) unto His threefold office of Prophet, Priest, and King. In the
Levitical order (Ex. 29. 4-7) the high priest was first washed, then anointed. While
Christ’s priestly work did not begin till He “offered Himself without spot to God’*
(Heb. 9. 14), and His full manifestation as the King-Priest after the order of Mel-
chisedek awaits the kingdom (Gen. 14. 18, note), yet He was then anointed, once
for all. (2) But John’s baptism was the voice of God to Israel, and the believing
remnant responded (v. 5). It was an act of righteousness on the part of Him
who had become, as to the flesh, an Israelite, to take His place with this believing
remnant.
2 For the first time the Trinity, foreshadowed in many ways in the O.T., is fully
manifested. The Spirit descends upon the Son, and at the same moment the Father’s
voice is heard from heaven.
3 The temptation of Christ, the “last Adam” (1 Cor. 15. 45), is best understood
when contrasted with that of “the first man Adam.” Adam was tempted in his
Place of lord of creation, a lordship with but one reservation, the knowledge of
Rood and evil (Gen. 1. 26; 2. 16, 17). Through the woman he was tempted to add
that also to his. dominion. Falling, he lost all. But Christ had taken the place of
a lowly Servant, acting only from and in obedience to the Father (Phil. 2. 5-8;
J°hn 5. 19; 6. 57; 8. 28, 54. Cf. Isa. 41. 8, note), that He might redeem a fallen
race and a creation under the curse (Gen. 3. 17-19; Rom. 8. 19-23). Satan?s one
?bject in the threefold temptation was to induce Christ to act from Himself, in
^dependency of His Father. The first two temptations were a challenge to Christ
997
 St. MATTHEW-
5 Then the devil taketh him up 13 And leaving Nazareth, he c^,
into the 1,1 holy city, and setteth him and dwelt in Capernaum, which h
on a pinnacle of the temple, a Sanctify,
upon the sea coast, in the borcW
6 And saith unto him. If thou be holy {.things) of Zabulon and Nephthalim:
(N.T.). Mt.7. 14 That it might be fulfilled which
the Son of God, cast thyself down: 6. (Mt.4.5;
for it is written. He shall_give his Rev.22.11.) was spoken by Esaias the prophet
^angels charge concerning thee: b Heb.1.4, saying,
cand in their hands they shah bear note. 15 The land of Zabulon, and the
thee up, lest at any time thou d'ash c Psa.91.11, land of Nephthalim, by the way 0f
thy foot against a. stone. the sea, beyond Jordan, Galilee of
7 Jesus said unto him. It is writ¬ d Deut.6.16.
Jehovah. the /Gentiles;
ten again. Thou shalt not tempt the e Jehovah. 16 The people which sat in dark¬
^Lord thy God. Deut.6.13; ness saw great ciig’EtT*5ndT(rThem
8 Again, the devil taketh him up 10.20. iffhich sat in the region and shadow
into an exceeding high mountain, / Christ (First of deathrEghrfe sprungjap.
and sheweth him all the kingdoms Advent). 17 ' Front that time Jesus began to
Mt.12.18-21. preach, and to say. ‘Repsatl for the
of the 2world, and the glory of (Gen.3.15;
them; Acts 1.9.) ^kingdom of heaven ^is^at hand:
9 And saith unto him. All these g Isa.42.6,7. The call of Peter and Andrew f0
things will I give thee, if thou wilt h Isa.9.1,2. service (Mk. 1. 16-20; cf. Lk. 5.
fall down and worship me. i Repentance.
2-ll).
10 Then saith Jesus unto him. Get Mt.9.13.
(Mt.3.2; 18 And Jesus, walking by the sea
thee hence, Satan: for it is written, Acts 17.30.)
Thou shalt worship the 'Lord thy j Kingdom of Galilee, saw ;two brethren,
God, and him only" shalrthou (N.T.). Mt.5. Simon called Peter, and Andrew
serve. - 2,35, and his brother, casting a net into the
note. (Lk.l. sea: for they were fishers.
IT Then the devil leaveth him, 31-33; 1 Cor.
and, behold, ^angels came and min¬ 15.24.) 19 And he saith unto them, Fol¬
istered unto him. k Mt.3.2, low me, and I will make you fishers
note. of men.
Jesus comes to Capernaum and I Peter and 20 And they straightway left
begins his public ministry John were their nets, and followed him.
(Mk. 1. w; Lk. 4. 14, is). already dis¬
ciples (John The call of James and John,
12 Now when Jesus had heard 1.35-42).
This is a call sons of Zebedee.
that John was cast into prison, he to service.
departed into Galilee; 21 And going on from thence, he

from the god of this world to prove Himself indeed the Son of God (vs. 3, 6). The
third was the offer of the usurping prince of this world to divest himself of that
which rightfully belonged to Christ as Son of man and Son of David, on the con¬
dition that He accept the sceptre on Satan’s world-principles (cf. John 18. 36; Rev.
13. 8. note). Christ defeated Satan by a means open to His humblest follower, the
intelligent use of the word of God (vs. 4, 7). In his second temptation Satan also
used Scripture, but a promise available only to one in the path of obedience. The
scene gives emphasis to the vital importance of “rightly dividing the word of truth
(2 Tim. 2. is). ... . .
1 In the N.T one Greek word, hagios, in its various forms, is rendered, holy,
“holiness,” “sanctify,” “sanctified,” “sanctification.” Like the Heb. qodesh, it
signifies “set apart for God.” The important references follow Mt. 4. 5, marg.
2 The Greek word kosmos means “order,” “arrangement,” and so, with the
Greeks, “.beauty”; for order and arrangement in the sense of system are at the
bottom of the Greek conception of beauty. . . , ,
When used in the N.T. of humanity, the “world” of men, it is organized
humanity—humanity in families, tribes, nations—which is meant. The word (for
chaotic, unorganized humanity—the mere mass of men—is thalassa, the sea oi
men (e.g. Rev. 13. l). For “world” (kosmos) in the bad ethical sense, see John

§ “At hand” is never a positive affirmation that the person or thing said to be
“at hand’’will immediately appear, but only that no known or predicted event
must intervene. When Christ appeared to the Jewish people, the next thing, m tne
order of revelation as it then stood, should have been the setting up of the Davi
kingdom. In the knowledge of God. not yet disclosed, lay the rejection ot tnr
kingdom (and King), the long period of the mystery-form of the kingdom, tnc
world-wide preaching of the cross, and the out-calling of the Church. But this
as yet locked up in the secret counsels of God (Mt. 13. 11, 17; Eph. 3. 3-io).
998
 St. MATTHEW.

aWr other two brethren, tjames the A.D.3 4 Blessed are they that mourn:
of Zebedee, and John his for they shall be comforted.
Mother, in a “ship with Zebedee ' . 5 Blessed are the meek: for they
their father, mending their nets; MtJSs. shall inherit the earth.
,nd he called them. (Gen.12. 6 Blessed are they which do ihun-
__j tu:_<- ___
<22 And they immediately left the Rev.14.6 ger and, thirst after righteousness:
sjiip and their father, and followed c mc3.2, forfhey shall be Tilled!
7 Blessed are the merciful: for
hi®- ... ^ d Mk.1.32, they shall obtain mercy! '
23 And Jesus went about all Gal- 33; Lk.4
jlee, teaching in their synagogues, <Gt.dale 8 Blessed are the pure in heart:
and preaching the ^gospel of the zomm, < for they shall see Gocl ‘
(kingdom, and healing all manner 9 Blessed are the peacemakers:
0f sickness and all manner of dis- noto, ’
ease among the people. /Mt.5.1; of God.
24 And his fame went throughout Mk.3.7’8 10 Blessed are they which are
all Syria: and they “brought unto Mt.8.1,1: persecuted for righteousness’ sake:
kim all sick people that were taken s for their’s is the ^kingdom of
with divers diseases and torments, iA1s'1' heaven.
and those which were “possessed " 11 Blessed are ye, when men
with devils, and those which were unattams shall revile you, and persecute
lunatick, and those that had the by effort you, and shall say all manner of
palsy; and he healed them. "°5'e
25 And there followed him great by the s
/multitudes of people from Galilee, (Gal.5.2:
and from Decapolis, and from for great is your ^reward in heaven:
Jerusalem, and from Judaea, and ‘ 4;sifg.f for persecuted they the prophets
from beyond Jordan. 21(0.55.1; which were before you.

CHAPTER 5. “1“i Similitudes of the believer. (Cf.

Mk. 4. 21-23; Lk. 8. 16-18.)
The sermon on the mount. (Cf. 4
L£ 6. 20-49.)
13 Ye are the “salt of the earth:
but if the salt have lost his savour,
The beatitudes. (Cf. Lk. 6. 20-23.) wherewith shall it be salted? it is
A ND seeing the multitudes, he
(■went up into a mountain:
thenceforth good for nothing, but to
be cast out, and to be trodden under
and when he was set, his disciples foot of men.
came unto him: 14 Ye are the light of the “world.
2 2 *And he opened his mouth, and
taught them,. ’saying, be hid.
3 ‘Blessed are the poor in spirit: T5"N either do men light a candle,
for their’s is the kingdom of heaven. and put it under a bushel, but on a

1 Two persons are called by this name in the N.T.: (1) James the son of Zebedee,
an apostle (Mt. 10. 2), and the brother of the Apostle John, apart from whom he is
never mentioned, and with whom, together with Peter, he was admitted to the es¬
pecial intimacy of our Lord (Mt. 17. 1; Mk. 5. 37; 9. 2; 14. 33). He was martyred
! by Herod (Acts 12. 2). (2) A son of Alphaeus (or Cleopas) and of Mary the sister
of Mary the mother of Jesus (see Mt. 1. 16, note), and brother of Joses (Mk. 15.
40). He was, therefore, a cousin of the Lord Jesus. He is called James “the less”
(Mk. 15. 40; lit. little, i.e. of shorter stature than James the son of Zebedee). He
was an apostle (Mt. 10. 3). It has been conjectured that “Lebbseus, whose surname
was Thaddseus” (Mt. 10. 3) was identical with the Judas of Lk. 6. 16, who is there
called “of [i.e. ‘son’ or ‘brother’ as it has been variously translated] James.” A
Juda is mentioned with a James and Joses and Simon in Mk. 6. 3 as “brother” of
our Lord (see Mt. 13. ss, marg.). The Gospels mention no other James who could
be called the brother of the Lord Jesus, but James the less was certainly the son
; of Alphasus and Mary the sister of our Lord’s mother. The conclusion seems,
! therefore, most probable that Mt. 10. 3; 13. 55; Mk. 3. 18; 6. 3; Lk. 6. 15; Acts 1.
13; 12. 17; 15. 13; 21. is; Gal. 1. 19; 2. 9, 12; and Jas. 1. 1 refer to James the less, son
j of Alphseus and Mary, and cousin, or, according to Jewish usage, “brother” of the
Lord Jesus. He was the author of the Epistle of James.
2 Having announced the kingdom of heaven as “at hand,” the King, in Mt.
“■-7., declares the principles of the kingdom. The Sermon on the Mount has
a twofold application: (1) Literally t# the kingdom. In this sense it gives the
divine constitution for the righteous government of the earth. Whenever the
999
 5 16] St. MATTHEW. [5 24

candlestick; and it giveth light unto 20 For I say unto you. That except
all that are in the house. your righteousness shall Cexceed
16 Let your light so shine before the Righteousness of the scribes
^nen, that they may see^ your good a Inspiration. and Pharisees, ye shall in no case
works, and glorify your Father vs.17,18; enter into the kingdom of hea¬
Mt.10.14. ven.
which is in heaven. (Ex.4.15;
Rev.22.19.) 21 Ye have heard that it was said
Relation of Christ to the law. by them of old time, cThou shalt not
17 Think not that I am come to Moses.b Law of kill; and whosoever shall kill shall
destroy the law, or the prophets: Mt.22.36-39. be in danger of the judgment:
U am not come to destroy, but to (Ex. 19.1; 22 But I say unto you. That who¬
Gal.3.1-29.) soever is angry with his brother
fulfil.
18 For verily I say unto you. Till c Cf.Lk.18. without a cause shall be in danger
heaven and earth pass, aone jot or 11 12 , ;
Rom.3.20;
of the judgment: and whosoever
one tittle shall in no wise pass from Phil.3.5-7. shall say to his brother, Raca, shall
&the law, till all be fulfilled. be in danger of the council: but
19 Whosoever therefore shall d Righteous¬ whosoever shall say. Thou fool,
ness. vs.6. shall be in danger of 2hell fire.
break one of these least command¬ 10,20;
ments, and shall teach men%so, he' Rom. 10.10, 23 Therefore if thou bring thy gift
shall be called the least in the king¬ note. to the altar, and there rememberest
dom of heaven: but whosoever shall e Ex.20.13. that thy brother hath ought against
do and teach them, the same shall thee;
be called great in the kingdom of 24 Leave there thy gift before the
heaven. altar, and go thy way; first be rec-

kingdom of heaven is established on earth it' will be according^ to that constitu¬

tion, which may be regarded as an explanation of the word ‘righteousness” as
used by the prophets in describing the kingdom (e. g. Isa. 11. 4. 5; 32. i; Dan- 9.
24). In this sense the Sermon on the Mount is pure law, and transfers the offence
from the overt act to the motive (Mt. 5. 21, 22, 27, 28). Here lies the deeper reason
why the Jews rejected the kingdom. They had reduced “righteousness ’ to mere
ceremonialism, and the Old Testament idea of the kingdom to a mere affair of
outward splendour and power. They were never rebuked for expecting a visible
and powerful kingdom, but the words of the prophets should have prepared them
to expect also that only the poor in spirit and the meek could share in it (e.g. Isa.
11. 4). The seventy-second Psalm, which was universally received by them as
a description of the kingdom, was full of this. _ For these reasons the Sermon on
the Mount in its primary application gives neither the privilege nor the duty of
the Church. These are found in the Epistles. Under the law of the kingdom,
for example, no one may hope for forgiveness who has not first forgiven (Mt. 6.
12, 14, is). Under grace the Christian is exhorted to forgive because he is already
forgiven (Eph. 4. 30-32). .
(2) But there is a beautiful moral application to the Christian. It always
remains true that the poor in spirit, rather than the proud, are blessed, and those
who mourn because of their sins, and who are meek in the consciousness of them,
will hunger and thirst after righteousness, and hungering will be filled. The mer¬
ciful are “blessed,” the pure in heart do “see God.” These principles fundamentally
reappear in the teaching of the Epistles. .
1 Christ’s relation to the law of Moses may be thus summarized: (1) He was
made under the law (Gal. 4. 4); (2) He lived in perfect obedience to the law (John
8 46, Mt. 17 5; 1 Pet. 2.21-23); (3) He was a minister of the law to the Jews, clearing
it from rabbinical sophistries, enforcing it in all its pitiless severity upon those
who professed to obey it (e.g. Lk. TO. 25-37), but confirming the promises made
to the fathers under the Mosaic Covenant (Rom. 15. 8); (4) He fulfilled the types
of the law by His holy life and sacrificial death (Heb. 9. 11-26) ; (5) He bore, vicari¬
ously, the curse of the law that the Abrahamic Covenant might avail all who be¬
lieve (Gal. 3 13, 14), (6) He brought out by His redemption all who believe from
the place of servants under the law into the place of sons (Gal. 4. 1-7); (7) He
mediated by His blood the New Covenant of assurance and grace in which all
believers stand (Rom. 5 2, Heb 8. 6-13), so establishing the “law of Christ” (Gal-
6. 2refs.) with its precepts of higher exaltation made possible by the indwelling
Spirit. .
2 Gr Geenna - Gehenna, the place in the valley of Hinnom where, anciently,
human sacrifices were offered (2 Chr 33. 6; Jer. 7. 31). The word occurs, Mt.
5. 22, 29, 30; 10. 28; 18. 9, 23. 15. 33. Mk. 9 43. 45, 47; Lk. 12. 5; Jas. 3. 6. In every
1000
5 25 ] St. MATTHEW. [6 1

onciled to thy brother, and then

cotne and offer thy gift.
25 Agree with thine ^adversary fl.Lk. 12.58,59.
Cf.Prov.
quickly, whiles thou art in the way 25.8; Lam.2.
with him; lest at any'time the ad¬ 4,5.
versary deliver thee to the judge, b Cf.Isa.40.2
with Ruth
and the judge deliver thee to the
j 1.21,22.
officer, and thdu be cast into prison. c One fourth
26 Verily I say unto thee. Thou of d cent.
shalt by no means come out thence, de Ex.20.14.
Job 31.1;
till thou hast 6paid the uttermost 2 Sam.11.
Earthing. 2-5; Jas.l.
27 Ye have heard that it was said 14,15;15.19.
Mt.

by them of old time, dThou shalt / Lit. is caus¬

not commit adultery: ing thee to
offend,
28 But I say unto you, That who¬ g Gen.2.23,
soever elooketh on a woman to lust 24; Deut.
after her hath committed adultery 24.1; Jer.3.1.
with her already in his heart. h Mt. 19.3-9;
Mk.10.2-12;
29 And if thy right eye /offend Lk.16.18;
thee, pluck it out, and cast it from 1 Cor. 7.
10,11; 8.12.
thee: for it is profitable for thee
i Lev.19.12.
that one of thy members should jJehovah.
perish, and not that thy whole Deut.23.23.
body should be cast into hell. k Cf.Mt.26.63;
2 Cor.2.17;
30 And if thy right hand /offend 1 Thes.2.5.
thee, cut it off, and cast it from I Kingdom
thee: for it is profitable for thee (N.T.). Mt.
6.10. (Lk.l.
that one of thy members should 31-33; 1 Cor.
perish, and not that thy whole 15.24.)
body should be cast into hell. m Psa.48.2. 45 That ye may be the children of
n Or, the evil
one.
your Father which is in heaven: for
Jesus and divorce. (Cf. Mt. 19. 3- he *maketh his sun to rise on the
o Ex.21.24;
li; Mk. 10. 2-12; 1 Cor. 7. 10-15.) Lev .24.20; evil and on the good, and sendeth
Deut.19.21.
31 It hath been said, Whosoever p Deut.15. rain on the just and on the un¬
shall put away his wife, let him give 7-11; Lk.6. I just. #— ■
her a ^writing of divorcement: 30.34; 46 For if ye love them which love
1 Tim.6.18. I
32 But I say unto you. That who¬ 7Lev.19.18;
you, what reward have ye? do not
soever shall put away his wife, sav¬ Deut.23.3-6. even the ^publicans the same?
ing for the cause of fornication, r pray for. 47 And if ye salute your brethren
s Acts 14.17;
*causeth her to commit adultery: Psa.65.9-13;
only, what do ye more than others?
and whosoever shall marry her Lk.12.16,17. do not even the publicans so?
that is divorced committeth adul¬ I tax~ 48 Be ye therefore Perfect, even
Gatherers.
tery m Or, right¬
33 Again, ye have heard that it eous acts.
hath been said by them of old time, The word
refers to
‘Thou shalt not forswear thyself, religious ex¬
but shalt perform unto the ^Lord ternalities.
These may
thine oaths: be seen of
34 But I say unto you, *Swear not men, but that
at all; neither by heaven, for it is must not be
the motive.
God’s throne: v Rewards, vs.
35 Nor bj the earth; for it is his 1-4; Mt.10.
footstool: neither by Jerusalem; for 41,42. (Dan.
12.3; 1 Cor.
it is the city lof the mgreat King. 3.14.)
36 Neither shalt thou swear by

instance except the last the word comes from the lips of Jesus Christ in most solemn
warning of the consequences of sin. He describes it as the place where “their
worm never dies and of fire never to be quenched. The expression is identical
in meaning with “lake of fire” (Rev. 19. 20; 20. 10, 14, is). See “Death, the second’
(John 8. 24; Rev. 21. s); also Lk. 16. 23, note.
LXhe word implies full development, growth into maturity of godliness, not sinless
Perfection. See Eph. 4. 12, 13. In this -passagPEne e arner’s kindness, not His sin¬
lessness, is the point in question. Cf. Lk. 6. 35, 36.
1001
 St. MATTHEW.

2 Therefore when thou doest

thine alms, do not sound a trum¬
pet before thee, as the hypocrites do a i.e. the re¬
ward they
in the synagogues and in the streets, have sought.
that they may have glory of men. b Mt.8.4.
Verily I say unto you. They have c Lk.14.12-
their a reward. 14; Phil.4. face;
17-19; 2 Tim.
3 But when thou doest alms, let 1.16-18. 18 That thou appear not unto
not thy 6left hand know what thy d i.e. the men to fast, but unto thy Father
right hand doeth: praise of which is in secret: and thy Father
4 That thine alms may be in se¬ men. which seeth in secret, shall reward
e Mt.23.5-7,
cret: and thy cFather which seeth 14; Mk.12. thee openly.
in secret himself shall reward thee 38-40; Lk.
18.10-12; 20. The kingdom law of riches.
openly.
46,47.
5’ And when thou prayest. thou /Cf.l Ki.18. 19 Lay not up for yourselves
shalf not be as Bie Hypocrites are: 26-39; Mt. “treasures . upon earth, where
for 'they love to pray standing m 26.39-44; moth and ru&4‘ doth corrupt, and
2 Cor.12.8,9. where thieves break through and
g i.e. Gentiles.
h Rom.8.
steal:
26,27. 20 But lay up for yourselves trea¬
i Lk.11.1-4; sures in heaven, where neither moth
John 16.24;
u WUU, wiJtcJU Uiuu Eph.6.18; nor rust doth corrupt, and where
enter into tny closet, and when Jude 20. thieves do not break through nor
thou"KasT' shuOKy "dbbrr'pr ay~Fo j Bible
prayers
steal:
thy Father which is m secret; and (N.T.). Mt. 21 For where your treasure is,
thy ’Fattier Tyfijcli seetK in secret 8.2. (Mt.6.9;
shall reward thee openly. _ Rev.22.20.)
k Mt.5.9,16.
22 'The^ligKt of the body*is the
7 Buhwhenye prav. use not /vain I Mai.1.11.
eye: if therefore thine eye be single,
repetitions, asthe ^heathen do: for m Kingdom thy whole body shall be full of
they think that they shall be heard (N.T.). •light.
Mt.l 1.2 7-30. 23 But if thine eye be evil, thy
for their much speaking. (Lk. 1.31-33;
1 Cor. 15.24.) whole body shall be full of dark¬
The new revelation concerning n Mt.3.2, ness. If therefore the light that is
prayer. (See Lk. 11. 1-13, note.) note. in thee be darkness, how great is
o Forgiveness.
8 Be ngt ve therefore like unto vs.12,14,15; that darkness!
them: for your Father ^knoweth Mt.9.2,5,6. 24 No man can serve u'two mas¬
(Lev.4.20; ters : for either he will hate the one,
whalT things ye have need of, before Mt.26.28.)
ye ask him. p Sin. Rom. and love the other; or else he will
9 After this ^manner therefore 3.23, note, hold to the one, and despise the
q Temptation
7pray ye: *Qur Father which art in other. Ye cannot serve God and
Mt.16.1
(Gen.3.1: mammon.
:ome. Jas.lJ.4.)
r Cf.Mt.18. The cure of anxiety: trust in the
21-35; Jas. Father’s care.
2.13. >
5 Cf.Isa.58. 25 Therefore I say unto you,
12 And Qforgiye us our Mebts, as 3-7; Lk. ;cTake no thought for your life,
- 18.12.
%e forgive our debtors. t Dan.1.12- what ye shall eat, or what ye shall
13 And lead us not into ?tempta- 16. Cf.Prov. drink; nor yet for your body, what
tion, but deliver us from evil: For 14.10; 2 Cor7\ ye shall put on. Is not the life more
6.10. /
thine is the kingdom, and the power, u Prov.23.4, / than meat, and the body than
1 Tim.6. raiment?
14 For if ye forgive men their 6-11. W 26 Behold the fowls of the air:
*>Or, lamp,
trespasses, your heavenly Father w Lk.16.13. for they sow not, neither do they
will also forgive you: Cf.l Ki.18. reap, nor gather into barns; yet
15 But if ye forgive not men their 21; 2 Ki.17. your . eavenly Father feedeth them.
41; Rev.3.
trespasses, neither rwill your Fa¬ 15,16. Are-7 :e not much better than they?
ther forgive your trespasses. * v.31; Lk. 27 Which of you by taking
12.22-31; « thought can add one ^cubit unto
Externalism again rebuked. Heb. 13.5,6,
Phil.3.18, his stature?
16 Moreover when ye 5fast, be 19; 4.6,7. .• 28 And why take ye thought for
not, as the hypocritesT of a sad y About 18' in. raiment? Consider the lilies of the

1 This is legal ground. Cf. Eph. 4. 32, v r jrace. Under law forgiveness
is conditioned upon a like spirit in us; under grace we are forgiven for Christ’s sake,
and exhorted to forgive because we have been forgiven. See Mt. 18. 32; 26. 28, note.
1002
 6 29] St. MATTHEW. [7 11

geld, how they grow; they toil not, |/mote that is in thy brother’s eye,
neither do they spin: but considerest not the beam that
29 And yet I say unto you. That is in thine own eye?
even Solomon in all his glory was a Or, have *o 4 Or how wilt thou say to thy
anxiety.
not arrayed like one of these. v.34.
brother. Let me pull out the mote
. 30 Wherefore, if God so clothe the out Of thine eye; and, behold, a
ferass of the field, which to day is, b v-8; Ex-3. beam is in thine own eye?
7; Deut.2.7; 5 Thou hypocrite, sfirst cast out
' and to morrow is cast into the Psa.103.14;
0ven, shall he not much more Mk .6.38;
the beam out of thine own eye; and
clothe you, O ye of little faith? Lk.12.29,30; then shalt thou see clearly to cast
*■ 31 Therefore “take no thought, out the mote out of thy brother’s
c Jas.4.13,14.
saying, What shall we eat? or. eye.
What shall we drink? or, Where¬ d In the sense 6 Give not that which is “holy
of condemna¬ unto the dogs, neither cast ye your
withal shall we be clothed? tion.
32 (For after all these things do pearls before swine, lest they tram¬
the Gentiles seek:) Tor *your hea¬ e Lk.6.37; ple them under their feet, and turn
Rom. 14.4, again and rend you.
venly Father knoweth that ye have 10,13; 1 Cor-
need of all these things. 4.3-5; 5.12.
33 But seek ye first the kingdom Encouragements to pray.
/Lk.6.41,42; (See Lk. 11.1-13, note.)
of 1God. and his righteousness: and Rom.2.1,21;
all these things shall be added unto 1 Cor.10.12;
v'ou. Gal.6.1. 7 Ask, and it shall be ‘given you:
34 Take therefore no thought for seek| and ye shall find": knock. and
g Cf-2 Chr.28.
the “morrow: for the morrow shall 10; Mt.5.23, it shall be opened unto you:
take thought for the things of itself. 24; John 8.7. & For every one that asketh re-
Sufficient unto the day is the evil ceiveth; and he that seeketh find-
h Sanctify,
thereof. holy (things) eth: and to him that knocketh it
(N.T.). Mt. shall be opened.
23.17,19. 9 Or what man is there of you,
CHAPTER 7. (Mt.4.5;
Rev.22.11.) whom if his son ask bread, will he
Setmon on the mount, continued:
give him a stone?

r
judgment of others forbidden.
JDGE “not, that ye ebe not 18.1; John
judged.
i Mt.21.22;

15.7.
Lk.11.9-13;
10 Or if he ask a fish, will he give
him a serpent?
11 If ye then, being evil, know
I For with what judgment ye j Psa.84.11; how to give good gifts unto your
judge, ye shall be judged: and with , Lk.13.15,16; children, how “much more shall
what measure ye mete, it shall be I Jas.1.17. your Father which is in heaven
measured to you again. give good things to them that ask
3 And why beholdest thou the him?

1 The kingdom of God is to be distinguished from the kingdom of heaven (Mt.

3. 2, note) in five respects: (1) The kingdom of God is universal, including all
moral intelligences willingly subject to the will of God, whether angels, the Church,
or saints of past or future dispensations (Lk. 13 . 28, 29; Heb. 12. 22, 23); while the
kingdom of heaven is Messianic, mediatorial, and Davidic, and has for its object the
establishment of the kingdom of God in the earth (Mt. 3. 2, note; 1 Cor. 15. 24,
25). (2) The kingdom of God is entered only by the new birth (John 3. 3, 5-7);
the kingdom of heaven, during this age, is the sphere of a profession which may be
real or false (Mt. 13. 3, note; 25. 1, lx, 12). (3) Since the kingdom of heaven is the
earthly sphere of the universal kingdom of God, the two have almost all things
in common. For this reason many parables and other teachings are spoken of the
kingdom of heaven in Matthew, and of the kingdom of God in Mark and Luke. It
is the omissions which are significant. The parables of the wheat and tares, and
of the net (Mt. 13. 24-30, 36-43, 47-50) are not spoken of the kingdom of God. In
that kingdom there are neither tares nor bad fish. But the parable of the leaven
(Mt. 13. 33) is spoken of the kingdom of God also, for, alas, even the true doctrines
of the kingdom are leavened with the errors of which the Pharisees. Sadducees,
and the Herodians were the representatives. (See Mt. 13. 33, note.) (4) The
kingdom of God “comes not with outward show” (Lk. 17. 20), but is chiefly that
which is inward and spiritual (Rom. 14. 17); while the kingdom of heaven is organic,
and is to be manifested in glory on the earth. (See “Kingdom (O.T.),” Zech. 12.
8, note; (N.T.). Lk. 1. 31-33; 1 Cor. 15. 24, note; Mt. 17. 2, note.) (5) The king¬
dom of heaven merges into the kingdom of God when Christ, having “put all enemies
under His feet,” “shall have delivered up the kingdom to God. even the Father”
(1 Cor. 15. 24-28). Cf. Mt. 3. 2, note.
1003
 7 12] St. MATTHEW.
[7 27
Summary of O.T. righteousness The danger of profession iw,,
out faith.
12 Therefore all things “whatso¬
ever ye would that men should do a Mt.5.7; 18. 21 Not every one that fsaith w
to you, do ye even so to them: for 23- 25; Lk.6.
31.
me. Lord, Lord, shall enter into th
this is the law and the prophets. b narrow. skingdom of heaven; but he that
Mk.10.23-27; doeth the will of my Father whirv
The two ways. (Cf. Psa. 1.) Lk.13.24; is in heaven. n
John 10.7,9.
13 Enter ye in at the 4strait gate: c Life (eter¬ 22 Many will say to me in that
for wide is the gate, and broad is nal). Mt.18. day. Lord, Lord, have we nof
8,9. (Mt.7.
the way, that leadeth to destruc¬ 14; Rev.22.
prophesied in thy name? and in
tion, and many there be which go 19.) thy name have cast out 1*devils?
in thereat: d Deut.13.1-5; and in thy name done many won.
Rev.13.11- derful works?
14 Because strait is the gate, and 17; 19.20.
narrow is the way, which leadeth t Mt.3.10; 23 And then will I profess unto
unto “life, and few there be that 25.41- 46; them, I never knew you: ‘depart
John 15.2,6. „
find it. from me, ye that -work ^iniquity.
/ Isa.29.13;
Ezk.33.31;
Warning against false teachers: Lk.6.46; The two foundations.
the test. 2 Tim.3.5. (Cf. Lk. 6. 47-49.)
g Mt.3.2,
15 Beware of Talse prophets,which note.
h demons. Cf.
24 Therefore whosoever heareth
come to you in sheep's clothing, but Lk.10.17-20. these sayings of mine, and doeth
inwardly they are ravening wolves. i Mt.25.41; them, I will 'liken him unto a wise
16 Ye shall know them by their Psa.6.8;
Rev.20.11,
man, which built his house upon a
fruits. Do men gather grapes of 14. mrock:
thorns, or figs of thistles? j Sin. Rom.3. 25 And the rain descended, and
17 Even so every good tree bring- 23, note, the floods came, and the winds blew,
k lawlessness.
eth forth good fruit; but a corrupt I Parables and beat upon that house; and it
tree bringeth forth evil fruit. (N.T.). vs. fell not: for it was founded upon a
18 A good tree cannot bring forth 24- 16.
27; Mt.9.
(Mt.5.
rock.
evil fruit, neither can a corrupt tree 13-16; Lk.21. 26 And every one that heareth
bring forth good fruit. 29-31.) these sayings of mine, and doeth
19 Every tree that bringeth not m Sfone).
Christ (as
vs.
them not, shall be likened unto a
forth good fruit is “hewn down, 24,25; Mt. foolish man, which built his house
and cast into the fire. 21.42- 44. upon the sand:
20 Wherefore by their fruits ye (Ex.17.6; 27 And the rain descended, and
1 Pet.2.8.)
shall know them. the floods came, and the winds blew.

1 Devils, lit. demons. To the reality and personality of demons the N.T. Scrip¬
tures bear abundant testimony. As to their origin nothing is clearly revealed,
but they are not to be confounded with the angels mentioned in 2 Pet. 2. 4; Jude
6. Summary: Demons are spirits (Mt. 12. 43, 45); are Satan’s emissaries (Mt.
12. 26, 27; 25. 41); and so numerous as to make Satan’s power practically ubiquitous
(Mk. 5. 9). They are capable of entering and controlling both men and beasts
(Mk. 5. 8, 11-13), and earnestly seek embodiment, without which, apparently, they
are powerless for evil (Mt. 12. 43, 44; Mk. 5. 10-12). Demon influence and demon
possession are discriminated in the N.T. Instances of the latter are Mt. 4. 24;
8. 16, 28, 33; 9. 32; 12. 22; Mk. 1. 32; 5. 15, 16, is; Lk. 8. 36; Acts 8. 7; 16. 16. They
are unclean, sullen, violent, and malicious (Mt. 8. 28; 9. 33; 10. 1; 12. 43; Mk. 1.
23; 5. 3-5; 9. 17, 20; Lk. 6. is; 9. 39). They know Jesus Christ as Most High
God, and recognize His supreme authority (Mt. 8. 31, 32; Mk. 1. 24; Acts 19.
15; Jas. 2. 19). They know their eternal fate to be one of torment (Mt.
8. 29; Lk. 8. 31). They inflict physical maladies (Mt. 12. 22; 17. 15-18; Lk. 13. 16),
but mental disease is to be distinguished from the disorder of mind due
to demoniacal control. Demon influence may manifest itself in religious ascet¬
icism and formalism (1 Tim. 4. 1-3), degenerating into uncleanness (2 Pet. 2.
10-12). The sign of demon influence in religion is departing from the faith, i.e. the
body of revealed truth in the Scriptures (1 Tim. 4. 1). The demons maintain
especially a conflict with believers who would be spiritual (Eph. 6. 12; 1 Tim. 4.
1-3). All unbelievers are open to demon possession (Eph. 2. 2). The believer s
resources are, prayer and bodily control (Mt. 17. 21), “the whole armour of God
(Eph. 6. 13-18). Exorcism in the name of Jesus Christ (Acts 16. is) was practised
for demon possession. One of the awful features of the apocalyptic judgments
in which this age will end is an irruption of demons out of the abyss (Rev.
9. 1-11).
1004
 St. MATTHEW.

-<j beat upon that house; and it and to another. Come, and he
S}l: and great was the fall of it. . cometh; and to my servant. Do this,
And it came to pass, when a Mt. 13.54; and he doeth it.
fesus had ended these sayings, the Mk.1.22; 10 When Jesus heard it, he mar¬
LU.4.32.
people were “astonished at his velled, and said to them that fol¬
b Or, teach- lowed, Verily I say unto you, 1 have
•sMoctriae: ini.
29 For he taught them as one not found so great ’faith, no, not in
having authority, and not as the c 2Lev.13.1-46;
Ki.5.1;
Israel.
'scribes. Mk. 1.40-45; 11 And I say unto you. That
CHAPTER 8. Lk.5.12-15. many' shall come from the east and
west, and shall sit down with Abra¬
Jesus heals a leper (Mk. 1. 40; d prayers
Bible
ham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the
Lk. 5. 12-14). (N.T.). Mt.8. kingdom of -'heaven.
25. (Mt.6.9;
* t THEN he was come down from Rev.22.20.) 12 But the children of the king¬
VV the mountain, great multi¬ dom shall be cast out into outer
tudes followed him. e Miracles darkness: there shall be weeping
(N.T.). vs.
2 And, 1behold, there came a 2,3,5-17,24- and gnashing of teeth.
(leper and worshipped him, ^say- 27,28-32; 13 And Jesus said unto the centu¬
ing, 2Lord, if thou wilt, thou canst Mt.9.2-8.
(Mt.8.2,3; -
rion, Go thy way; and *as thou hast
make me clean. Acts 28.8,9.) believed, so, be it done unto thee.
3 And Jesus put forth his hand And his servant was healed in the
and touched him, saying, I will; be /Lev.14.4-32;
Deut.24.8; selfsame hour.
thou clean. And immediately his Rom.3.21 Jesus heals Peter’s wife’s moth¬
(leprosy was cleansed. with Mt.5.17.
er (Mk. 1. 29-34; Lk. 4. 38-41).
4 And Jesus saith unto him. See g A Roman
thou tell no man; but go thy way, commander 14 And when Jesus was come into
shew thyself to the priest, and offer of 100 men. Peter’s house, he saw his wife’s
the /gift that Moses commanded, h Cf.Mk.1.27; mother laid, and sick of a fever.
Lk.9,1.
for a testimony unto them. 15 And he 'touched her hand, and
i Faith. Mt.9. the fever left her: and she arose,
Jesus heals the centurion’s 2. (Gen.3.20; and “ministered unto "them.
servant (Lk. 7. l-io). Heb.11.39.)
16 When the even was come, they
5 And when Jesus was entered j Mt.3.2, note, brought unto him many that were
k Mt.9.22,28, “possessed with devils: and he cast
into Capernaum, there came unto 29; Lk.7.50;
him a «centurion, beseeching him, 8.48,50. out the spirits with this word, and
6 And saying. Lord, my servant Iv3. healed, all that were sick:
lieth at home sick of the palsy, m Lk.8.2,3. 17 That it might be ^fulfilled
grievously tormented. n unto him. which was spoken by Esaias the
7 And Jesus saith unto him, I will o Gr. daimo- prophet, ’’saying. Himself ’took our
come and heal him, nizomai, infirmities, and bare our sicknesses.
8 The centurion answered and demonized.Mt.7.22,
18 Now when Jesus saw great
said. Lord, I am not worthy that note. . multitudes about him, he gave com¬
thou shouldest come under my roof: p Lit. a word, mandment to depart unto the other
but speak the word only, and my q Mt.1.22; side.
servant shall be healed. Isa.53.4.
Professed disciples tested
9 For I am a man under ^author- r Isa.53.4. (Lk. 9. 57-62).
ity, having soldiers under me: and I j 2 Cor.5.21;
say to this man. Go, and he goeth; 1 Pet. 2.24. 19 And a certain scribe came, and
1 The King, having in Chapters 5.-7. declared the principles of the kingdom,
snakes proof, in Chapters 8., 9., of His power to banish from the earth the conse¬
quences of sin, and to control the elements of nature.
2 Gr. kurios. The first occurrence of the word as applied to Jesus with His
evident sanction. In itself the word means “master,” and is so used of mere human
relationships in, e.g., Mt. 6. 24; 15. 27; Mk. 13. 35; Eph. 6. 9. Both uses, divine
and human, are brought together in Col. 4. 1. It is the Gr. equivalent of the Heb.
Adonai (see Gen. 15. 2, note), and is so used by Jesus Christ in Mt. 22. 43-45. In
the N.T. the distinctive uses of kurios (Lord) are: (1) As the N.T. translation
of the Heb. Jehovah (Lord), e.g. Mt. 1. 20, 22; 2. 15; 3. 3; 4. 7, 10; 11. 25; 21. 9; Mk.
12. 29, 30; Lk. 1. 68; 2. 9. (2) Jesus Himself so uses kurios, e.g. Mt. 4. 7, 10; 11. 25;
Mk. 12. xi, etc. (3) But the great use of kurios is as the divine title of Jesus, the
Christ. In this sense it occurs in the N.T. 663 times. That the intent is to identify
Jesus Christ with the O.T. Deity is evident from Mt. 3. 3; 12. 8; 21. 9 (Psa. 118.
2s); 22.43-45; Lk. I.43; John 8. 58; 14. 8-10; 20. 28; Acts 9. 5; 13. 33 (Psa. 2.). See
John 20. 28, note.
1005
8 20] St. MATTHEW. [9 6

said unto him. Master, I will follow a.d. 31. 30 And there was a good way off
thee whithersoever thou goest. from them an herd of many swine
20 And Jesus “saith unto him. a cf.vs.21,22; feeding.
The foxes have holes, and the birds Mt.io.36; 3i So the ^devils besought him
of the air have nests; but the !Son b c£“/eav?’fL saying. If thou cast us out. suffer
of man hath not where to lay his dead to bury us to go away into the ‘herd of
head. their own swine.
21 And another of his disciples c iT/th (spir- 32 And he said unto them. Go.
said unto him. Lord, suffer me first itual). i.k.15. And when they were come out,
to go and bury my father. 24. (Gen.2. they went into the herd of swine:
22 But Jesus said unto him, Fol¬ iBiiSph'2'5 und, behold, the whole herd of
low me; and *let the “dead bury prayers ■ swine ran violently down a steep
their dead. (N.T.). Mt.9. place into the sea, and perished in
iSv22 20?’ the waters.
Jesus stills the waves (Mk. 4. e Mt.i7.20: 33 And they that kept them fled,
36-41; Lk. 8. 22-25). Mk.16.17,18. and went their ways into the city,
23 And when he was entered into {Gr ddSnS-'
s nizomai,
and to1^ eve,V thing, and what was
befallen to the spossessed of the
a ship, his disciples followed him. demonized, devils.
24 And, behold, there arose a
note22> 34 And, behold, the whole city
great tempest in the sea, insomuch h demons. came out to meet Jesus: and when
that the ship was covered with the s'Lk.5.8; Acts they saw him, they besought him
waves: but he was asleep.
j CfMt22525' that he would “depart out of their
25 And his disciples came to him,
41 with Rev. Coasts.
and awoke him, ^saying. Lord, save
us: we perish.
k ~23: CHAPTER 9.
26 And he saith unto them. Why
are ye fearful, O ye of 'little faith? 1 Mu7*6- Jesus returns to Capernaum:
Then he arose, and rebuked the Lk.15Ti5.l6. heals the palsied man (Mk. 2.
winds and the sea; and there was m v.29; Lk.4. 3-12; Lk. 5. 18-26).
29; Acts 1639
a great calm. n Mt.4.13; A
ND he entered into a ship, and
27 But the men marvelled, say¬ J}:2?-, passed over, and came into his
ing, What
nig, vviiaL manner
uieuiiii,! of man is this.
Lk.5.17-26.
"own city.
that even the winds and the sea P Faith. 2 And, behold, they ^brought to
obey him I (Qen I220'
him a man sick of the palsy, lying
Jesus casts out demons at Ga- Hebui. 39 ’.) on a bed: and Jesus seeing their
dara (Mk. 5.1-21; Lk. 8. 26-40). q Forgiveness. .''faith said unto the sick of the
yjAW. ,, palsy; Son, be of good cheer; thy
28 And when he was come to the (Lev.4.20’; ' sins be “forgiven thee.
other side into the country of the Mt.26.28.) 3 And, behold, certain of the
/Gergesenes, there met him two r Mk 12V- scribes said within themselves,
spossessed with ^devils, coming out Rom.10.’ This man blasphemeth.
of the tombs, exceeding fierce, so 8-13. 4 And Jesus knowing their
that no man might pass by that s f‘h- R°m- thoughts said, Wherefore think ye
way. i SeeM°8 evil in your hearts?
29 And, behold, they cried out, 20, note. 5 For whether is easier, to rsay,
saying, *What have we to do with “ ^1.21^3- Thy 'sins be forgiven thee; or to
thee, Jesus, thou Son of God? art say. Arise, and walk?
thou come hither to ^'torment us 6 But that ye may know that the
before the time? *Son of man hath “power on earth

1 Cf. Ezk. 2. 1, note. Our Lord thus designates Himself about eighty times.
It is His racial name as the representative Man, in the sense of 1 Cor. 15. 45^7,*
as Son of David is distinctively His Jewish name, and Son of God His divine name.
Our Lord constantly uses this term as implying that His mission (e.g. Mt. 1L 19•
Lk. 19.10), His death and resurrection (e.g. Mt. 12. 40; 20. 18; 26. 2), and His secon
coming (e.g. Mt. 24. 37-44; Lk. 12. 40), transcended in scope and result all merely
Jewish limitations. When Nathafiael confesses Him as “King of Israel,” our Lor
answer is, “Thou shalt see greater things . . . the angels of God ascending and a *
scending upon the Son of man.” When His messengers are cast out by the je *
His thought leaps forward to the time when the Son of man shall come, not t
to Israel only but to the race (Mt. 10. 5, 6 with v. 23). It is in this name, als0*. j:.
universal judgment is committed to Him (John 5. 22,27). It is also a name 1
eating that in Him is fulfilled the O.T. foreview of blessing through a coming ,
(Gen. 1. 26, note; 3. 15; 12. 3; Psa. 8. 4; 80.17; Isa. 7. 14; 9. 6, 7; 32. 2; Zech. I*-
1006
 St. MATTHEW.
to forgive '’sins, (then saith he to I Jesus heals the woman with an
the sick of the palsy,) Arise, take a Sin. Rom. issue of blood, and raises the
up thy bed, and go unto thine house. 3.23, note, daughter of a ruler (Jairus)
7 (’And he arose, and departed to b Miracles (Mk. 5. 22-43; Lk. 8. 41-56).
(N.T.). vs.
his house. I 2-8,18,20-22,
8 But when the multitude saw it, 23-25,27-30, 18 While he spake these things
they ’marvelled, and glorified God, 32-35; Mt. unto them, behold, there came a
12.10-13. “certain ruler, and worshipped him,
which had given such power unto (Mt.8.2,3;
men. Acts 28.8,9.) “saying. My daughter is even now
c Acts 2.43; dead: but come and lay thy hand
fhe call of Matthew (Mk. 2. 14; 5.11. upon her, and she shall live.
d Mt.4.18-22.
Lk. 5. 27-29). c Mt.4.13; 19 And Jesus arose, and followed
11.23. him, and so did his disciples.
9 And as Jesus passed forth from / v.3; Lk.7.39.
20 And, behold, a woman, which
thence, he saw a man, named Mat¬ g Mt.11.19. was diseased with an issue of blood
thew, sitting at the receipt of cus¬ h Lk.18.9-14;
John 9.39-41. twelve years, came behind him, and
tom: and he saith unto him, i Hos.6.6. touched the hem of his garment:
<<Follow me. And he arose, and j Rom. 10.10, 21 For she said within herself. If
note.
followed him. k Repentance. I may but touch his garment, I
Mt.11.20. shall be whole.
Jesus answers the Pharisees (Mt.3.2;
(Mk. 2. 15-20; Lk. 5. 29-35). Acts 17.30.)
22 But Jesus turned him about,
I Mk.2.19, and when he saw her, he said.
10 And it came to pass, as Jesus 20; Lk.5.34, Daughter, be of good comfort; thy
sat at meat in the house, behold, 35; John 3. ’faith hath made thee whole. And
29; Eph.5.
many publicans and sinners ’came 28-32; Rev. the woman was made whole from
and sat down with him and his 19.6-9. that hour.
disciples. m Parables
(N.T.). vs.16,
23 And when Jesus came into the
11 And when the -(Pharisees saw 17; Mt.13.3-9. ruler’s house, and saw the min¬
it, they said unto his disciples, (Mt.5.13-16; strels and the people making a
«Why eateth your Master with Lk.21.29-31.) noise,
n wine-skins,
publicans and “sinners? o Mk.5.22- 24 He said unto them. Give place:
12 But when Jesus heard that, 43; Lk.8. for the maid is not dead, but 'sleep-
he said unto them, They that be 41-56. eth. And they laughed him to scorn.
p Bible
*whole need not a physician, but prayers 25 But when the people were put
they that are sick. (N.T.). forth, he went in. and ‘took her by
13 But go ye and learn what that Mt.9.27. the hand, and the maid “arose.
(Mt.6.9;
meaneth, >1 will have mercy, and Rev.22.20.) 26 And the fame hereof went
not sacrifice: for I am not come to q Mt.8-3. abroad into all that land.
call the ■’righteous, but sinners to r Faith. Mt-9.
29. (Gen.3. Two blind men healed: a demon
^repentance. 20; Heb.ll.
14 Then came to him the disciples 39.) cast out.
of John, saying, Why do we and s John 11.11- 27 And when Jesus departed
14; 1 Thes.4.
the Pharisees fast oft, but thy dis¬ 13,14. thence, two blind men followed him,
ciples fast not? / Mt.8.3,15; crying, and 'saying, “Thou son of
15 And Jesus said unto them. Can Rom.6.10 David, have mercy on us.
with Eph.2.
the children of the bridechamber 5,6. 28 And when he was come into
mourn, as long as the (bridegroom u Resurrec¬ the house, the blind men came to
is with them? but the days will tion. vs. 23- him: and Jesus saith unto them.
come, when the bridegroom shall 25; Mt.10.8.
(Job 19.25; Believe ye that I am able to do
be taken from them, and then shall, 1 Cor. 15.52.) this? They said, unto him. Yea,
they fast. v Bible
Lord.
prayers
(N.T.). 29 Then touched he their eyes,
Parables of the garment and Mt.11.25,
bottles (Mk. 2. 21, 22; Lk. 5. 36-39). 26. (Mt.6.9; saying. According to your “faith be
Rev.22.20.) it unto you.
16 No man putteth a piece of new w Mt.15.22; 30 And their eyes were opened;
Lk. 18.38,39.
"cloth unto an old garmenffTor x Faith. Mt. and Jesus straitly charged them,
that which is put in to fill it up, 17.20-22. saying, See that no man know it.
taketh from the garment, and the| (Gen.3.20; 31 But they, when they were de¬
Heb. 11.39.) parted, spread abroad his fame in
rent is made worse. y Gr. dai-
. 17 Neither do men put new wine monizomai, all that country,
[nto old "bottles: else the bottles demonized. 32 As they went out, behold, they
break, and the wine runneth out, Mt.7.22,note.
brought to him a dumb man ?pos-
and the bottles perish: but they z demon. See sessed with a 'devil.
out new wine into new bottles, and Mt.7.22, 33 And when the 'devil was cast
i note. out, the dumb spake: and the mul-
“°w are preserved.
 St. MATTHEW.
titudes marvelled, saying. It was
never so seen in Israel.
34 But the Pharisees said. He
casteth out adevils through the
prince of the devils.
Jesus preaches and heals in Gal¬
ilee (Mk. 6. s, 6).
35 And Jesus went about all the
cities and villages, teaching in their
synagogues, and preaching the bgos-
pel of the kingdom, and healing
every sickness and every disease
among the people.
36 But when he saw the multi¬
tudes, he was moved with compas¬
sion on them, because they fainted,
and were scattered abroad, as sheep
having no shepherd.
37 Then saith he unto his disci¬
ples, The harvest truly is plenteous,
but the labourers are few;
38 Pray ye therefore the Lord of
the harvest, that he will send forth
labourers into his harvest.

CHAPTER 10.
The twelve instructed and sent
forth (Mk. 6. 7-13; Lk. 9. i-6).

AND when he had called unto

him his ^twelve disciples, he
gave them dpower against unclean

1 The word apostle, = “one sent forth,” is used of our Lord (Heb. 3. l). Else¬
where it is used of the twelve who were called to that>office by our Lord during His
earth ministry; of Paul, called to the apostleship by the risen and ascended Lord,
and of Barnabas (Acts 14. 14), specially designated by the Holy Spirit (Acts 13.
2). Of Matthias,, chosen by lot by the eleven to take the place of Judas Iscariot
(Acts 1. 16-26), it is said: “And he was numbered with the eleven” (Acts 1. 26). See
Acts 1. 26.
The “signs of an apostle” were: (1) They were chosen directly by the Lord
Himself, or, as in the case of Barnabas, by the Holy Spirit (Mt. 10. 1, 2; Mk. 3. 13,
14;-Lk. 6. 13; Acts 9. 6, is; 13. 2; 22. 10, 14, is; Rom. 1. 1). (2) They were endued
with sign gifts, miraculous powers which were the divine credentials of their office
(Mt. 10. 1; Acts 5. 15, 16; 16. 16-18; 28. 8, 9). (3) Their relation to the kingdom
was that of heralds, announcing, to Israel only (Mt. 10. 5, 6)* the kingdom
as at hand (Mt. 4.17, note), and manifesting kingdom powers (Mt. 10. 7, s). (4) To
one of them, Peter, the keys of the kingdom of heaven, viewed as the sphere of
Christian profession, as in Mt. 13., were given (Mt. 16. 19). (5) Their future
relation to the kingdom will be that of judges over the twelve tribes (Mt. 19. 28).
(6) Consequent upon the rejection of the kingdom, and the revelation of the mys¬
tery hid in God (Mt. 16. is; Eph. 3. 1-12), the Church, the apostolic office was in¬
vested with a new enduement, the baptism with the Holy Spirit (Acts 2. i^j); a
new power, that of imparting the Spirit to Jewish-Christian believers; a new re¬
lation, that of foundation stones of the new temple (Eph. 2. 20-22); and a new function,
that of preaching the glad tidings of salvation through a crucified and risen Lord
to Jew and Gentile alike. (7) The indispensable qualification of an apostle was
that he should have been an eye-witness of the resurrection (Acts 1. 22; 1 Cor.
9* 0-
. 1 2 * * * * * * 9 Cf. Mk. 6. 8, 9; Lk. 9. 3. The central thought here, urgency, must b
mind. The emphasis is upon “provide.” Time is not to be taken to search for
additional staves or shoes. The disciples were to go in their ordinary sandals, with
such staff as they might have or with none. Cf. Paul, Rom. 1. 15.
1008
 10 HI St. MATTHEW. [10 35

\\ And into whatsoever city or A.D. 31. 23 But when they persecute you
town ye shall enter, enquire who in in this city, flee ye into another:
a Inspiration.
is worthy; and there abide till ye Mt.11.13. for verily I say unto you. Ye shall
g0 thence. (Ex.4.15; not have “gone over the cities of
12 And when ye come Into an Rev.22.19.) Israel, till the "Son of man be come.
bouse, salute it.
b Lk.10.10-12; 24 °The disciple is not above his
Acts 13.51.
13 And if the house be worthy, let c Mt.11.22. master, nor the servant above his
your peace come upon it: but if it be d Day of judg-1 2lord.
ment. Mt.ll.j
riot worthy, let your peace return to 22. (Mt.10.15;
25 It is enough for the disciple
you. Rev.20.11.) I that he be as his master, and the
14 And whosoever shall not re¬ e Mt.7.15; servant as his lord. If they have
Lk.10.3.
ceive you, anor hear your words, / Cf.2 Cor.12.
called the ^master of the house
when ye depart out of that house 16; Col.4.5. ^Beelzebub, how much more shall
or city, 6shake off the dust of your g Phil.2.14-16.
h 1 Pet.3.13,14.
they call them of his household?
feet. i Mk.13.11-13; 26 Fear them not therefore: for
15 Verily I say unto you. It shall Lk.12.11,12; there is "nothing covered, that shall
be more ‘tolerable for the land of 21.14-19. not be revealed: and hid, that shall
j An instruc¬
Sodom and Gomorrha din the day tion to mar¬
not be known.
of judgment, than for that city. tyrs, not to 27 What I tell you in darkness.
16 Behold, I Jsend you forth as preachers. that "speak ye in light: and what
k Holy Spirit.
'sheep in the midst of wolves: be Mt.12.18,
ye hear in the ear, that preach ye
ye therefore wise as /serpents, and 28,32. (Mt.l. upon the housetops.
! harmless as *doves. 18; Acts 2.4.) i 28 And fear not them which kill
17 But ^beware of men: for they / Mt.24.13. the body, but are not able to kill the
m Mt.24.4-30.
will deliver you up to the councils, n See Mt.8.20, soul: but rather fear 'him which is
and they will scourge you in their note, able to destroy both soul and body
o John 15.
synagogues; 19-21.
in “hell.
18 And ye shall be brought before p John 8.48 29 Are not two 'sparrows sold for
governors and kings for my sake, with Acts a “farthing? and one of them shall
2.13.
for a testimony against them and q Beelzebul,
not fall on the ground without your
the Gentiles. title of a Father.
19 But when they deliver you up, heathen 30 But the very “hairs of your
•take no thought how or what ye deity, head are all numbered.
r Mk.4.22;
shall speak: /for it shall be given Lk.12.2,3; 31 Fear ye not therefore, ye are of
you in that same hour what ye 1 Cor.4.5. more value than many sparrows-
5 Acts 5.20;
shall speak. Col.1.23.
32 Whosoever therefore shall
20 For it is not ye that speak, but / 2 Cor.5.11. ^confess me before men, him will I
the ^Spirit of your Father which « Mt.5.22, confess also before my Father
note.
speaketh in you. v Lk.12.4-7.
which is in heaven.
21 And the brother shall deliver w 1-4 penny, 33 But whosoever shall deny me
up the brother to death, and the or 1-2 cent. before men, him will I also "deny
x Lk.21.18;
father the child: and the children Acts 27.34.
before my Father which is in
shall rise up against their parents, y Psa. 119.46; heaven.
and cause them to be put to death. Lk.12.8; 34 Think not that I am come to
22 And ye shall be hated of all Rev.3.8. send 2peace on earth: I came not to
z Mt.7.23;
men for my name’s sake: but he Lk.12.9. send peace, but a sword.
that ^endureth to the end shall be o Mic.7.6; 35 For I am come to set a man at
saved. John 9.18. “variance against his father, and

1 The scope of verses 16-23 reaches beyond the personal ministry of the twelve,
covering in a general sense the sphere of service during the present age. Verse 23
has in view the preaching of the remnant (Isa. 1. 9; Rom. 11. s, note) in the tribu¬
lation (Psa. 2'. s; Rev. 7. 14, note), and immediately preceding the return of Christ
hi glory (Deut. 30. 3; Acts 1. 9-11, note). The remnant then will not have gone
over the cities of Israel till the Lord comes.
2 Cf. John 14. 27. Peace is spoken of in Scripture in three ways: (-1) “Peace
I with God” (Rom. 5. l); this is the work of Christ into which the individual enters
hy faith (Eph. 2. 14-17; Rom. 5. 1). (2) “The peace of God” (Phil. 4. 7); inward
j Peace, the state of soul of that believer who, having entered into peace with God
through faith in Christ, has also committed to God through prayer and supplication
i with thanksgiving all his. anxieties (Lk. 7. 50; Phil. 4. 6). (3) Peace “on earth”
1 (Lk. 2. 14; Psa. 72. 7; 85. 10; Isa. 9. 6, 7; 11. 1-12): the universal prevalency of peace
>n the earth under the kingdom. Mt. 10. 34 was Christ’s warning that the truth
which He was proclaiming would not bring in the kingdom-age of peace, but conflict
father. (Cf. John 14. 27.)
1009
10 36] St. MATTHEW. in 19
the daughter against her mother,
and the daughter in law against
o Drut-33.9;
her mother in law. Lk.14.26;
36 And*a man’s foes shall be they 2 Cor.5.16.
of his own household. b Mt.25.40,
37 He that loveth father or 45; Acts 9.4.
c Rewards, vs.
mother more than me is not worthy 41,42; Mt.
of me: and he that loveth son or 16.27. (Dan.
daughter more than me is not 12.3; 1 Cor.
3.14.)
°worthy of me.
d Righteous¬
38 And he that taketh not his ness. Rom.
cross, and followeth after me, is not 10.10, note,
worthy of me. e 1 Ki.18.4;
Lk.21.1-4.
39 He that findeth his life shall
/ Mt.4.12; 14.3.
lose it: and he that loseth his life g Mt.9.27.
clothing are in kings' houses.
for my sake shall find it. A Isa.35.4-6.
9 But what went ye out for to
40 &He that receiveth you re¬ i Gospel. see? A prophet? yea, I say unto
ceiveth me, and he that receiveth Mt.24.14. you. and more than a prophet.
(Gen.12.1-3;
me receiveth him that sent me. Rev. 14.6.)
10 For this is he. of whom it -3
41 He that receiveth a prophet in j In prison, written, ’"Behold. I send my mes¬
the name of a prophet shall receive the King re¬ senger before thy face, which shall
a prophet’s ‘reward; and he that jected, prepare thy way before thee.
John’s faith
receiveth a ‘^righteous man in the wavers; the
11 Verily I say unto you. Among
name of a righteous man shall re¬ Lord exhorts them that are bom of women there
ceive a righteous man’s reward. and encour¬ hath not risen a greater than John
ages His
42 And whosoever shall give to servant. Cf.
the Baptist: notwithstanding he
drink unto one of these little ones a John 15.20; that is “least in the “kingdom of
*cup of cold water only in the name Isa.42.3. heaven is ’greater than he.
of a disciple, verily I say unto you, k find cause
of offence.
12 And from the days of John the
he shall in no wise lose his reward. I Lk.7.24-30. Baptist until now the kingdom of
Isa.40.3; heaven tsuffereth 1 2vioience, and
CHAPTER 11. Mal.3.1. the violent take it by force.
A n Eph.3.4-10;
ND it came to pass, when Jesus Heb. 11.40;
had made an end of command¬ 1 Pet.l.10-12.
13 «For all the prophets and the
law prophesied until John.
14 And if ye will receive it, ’this
ing his twelve disciples, he departed o Mt.3.2,
note. is ’Elias, which was for to come.
thence to teach and to preach in p Lk^.19,20;
15 He that hath ears to hear, let
their cities. 16.16.
him hear.
John the Baptist sends disciples Q Inspiration. 16 But whereunto shall I liken
Mt.12.3-5,
to question Jesus (Lk. 7.18-35). 40. (Ex.4. this generation? It is like unto
2 Now when TJohn had heard in 15; Rev. children sitting in the markets, and
22.19.)
the prison the works of Christ, he r See Mt.17. calling unto their fellows,
sent two of his disciples, 10, note, 17 And saying. We have piped
3 And said unto him. Art thou he s Mt.17.12; unto you, and ye have not danced;
Mai.4.5.
that should come, or do we look for I demon. See
we have mourned unto you, and ye
another? Mt.7.22, have not lamented.
4 Jesus answered and said unto note. 18 For John came neither eating
them. Go and shew John again u See Mt.8.
20, note.
nor drinking, and they say. He
those things which ye do hear and v Lk.5.29-32; hath a ‘devil.
see: 7.36; John 19 The “Son of man came ’eating
5 The *blind “receive their sight, 2.1-11.
and drinking, and they say. Behoii

1 Positionally greater, not morally. John Baptist was as great, morally, as any
man “bom of woman,” but as to the kingdom he but announced it at hand. The
kingdom did not then come, but was rejected, and John was martyred, and the King
presently crucified. The least in the kingdom when it is set up in glory (see “King¬
dom (N.T.),” Lk. 1. 31-33; 1 Cor. 15. 24) will be in the fullness of power and glory-
It is not heaven which is in question, but Messiah’s kingdom. (See Mt. 3. 2, note;
6. 33, note.)
2 It has been much disputed whether the “violence” here is external, as against
the kingdom in the persons of John the Baptist and Jesus; or that, considering
the opposition of the scribes and Pharisees, only the violently resolute would pre*j
into it. Both things are true. The King and His herald suffered violence, and
this is the primary and greater meaning, but also, some were resolutely becoming
disciples. (Cf. Lk. 16. 16.)
1010
 11 2°J St. MATTHEW. [12 l
man gluttonous, and a wine- thou hast /hid these thine* from
hibber, a friend of publicans and the- wise and prudent,
a Sin. Rom.
winners. But wisdom is justified 3.23, note.
veaTed them unto Hakes.-
0f her children. 25 Even so. Father; for so it
b Repentance. seemed good in thv sight.**
Jesus, rejected, predicts vs.20,21;
17 8A11 things are delivered unto
Mt.12.41.
judgment. (Mt.3.2; me of my Father: and no man know-
Acts 17.30.) eth the Son, but the Father; neither
20 1Then began he to upbraid the
.[ties wherein most of his mighty c Day of knoweth any man the Father, save
fork's were done, because they bre- judgment. the Son, and he to whomsoever the
Mt. 12.36, Son will reveal him.
nented not: 41,42. (Mt.
21 Woe unto thee, Chorazm! woe 10.15; Rev. The new message of Jesus: not
unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the 20.11.) the kingdom, but personal
mighty works, which were done in d Lk. 16.23, discipleship.
you, had been done in Tyre and Si- note.
don, they would have repented long 28 2 3 Come unto ':me. all ve that
e Bible labour and are heavy laden, and" I
ago in sackcloth and ashes. prayers
22 But I say unto you. It shall be (N.T.). Mt. will give vou rest.
more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon 15.22. (Mt. 2d Take mv yoke upon you, and
at the “day of judgment, than for 6.9; Rev. learn of me; for ">I am meek and
22.20.)
you. lowly in heartl and ye shaii find
23 And thou, Capernaum, which /Psa.8.2; rest untsjfQur souls.
art exalted unto heaven, shalt be 1 Cor.1.19- 30 For my yoke JS -fiasy. and mv
21,27-31.
brought down to -hell: for if the burden is light.
mighty works, which have been g Kingdom
done in thee, had been done in (N.T.). Mt. CHAPTER 12.
12.3, note.
Sodom, it would have remained (Lk.1.31-33; Jesus declares himself Lord of
until this day. 1 Cor.15.24.)
the sabbath (Mk. 2. 23-28; Lk.
24 But I say unto you. That it h John 1.38, 6. 1-5).
shall be more tolerable for the land| 39; 6.35,37
of Sodom in the day of judgment, i Phil.2.5-8; AT^sabbath
. that time Jesus went on the
day through the
than for thee. 1 Cor.3.18;
25 At that time Jesus answered 1 John 3.2. com; and his disciples were an
and 'said, I thank thee, O Father, jSabbath. hungred, and began to pluck the
Lord of heaven and earth, because (Gen.2.3.) ears of com, and to eat.

1 The kingdom of heaven announced as “at hand” by John the Baptist, by the
King Himself, and by the twelve, and attested by mighty works, has been morally
rejected. The places chosen for the testing of the nation, Chorazin, Bethsaida, etc.,
having rejected both John and Jesus, the rejected King now speaks of judgment.
The final official rejection is later (Mt. 27. 31-37).
2 The new message of Jesus. The rejected King now turns from the rejecting
nation and offers, not the kingdom, but rest and service to such in the nation as
are conscious of need. It is a pivotal point in the ministry of Jesus.
3 (1) The sabbath (“cessation”) appears in Scripture as the day of God’s rest in
the finished work of creation (Gen. 2. 2, 3). For 2500 years of human life absolutely
no mention is made of it. Then the sabbath was revealed (Ex. 16.23; Neh. 9.13,14) 1
made a part of the law (Ex. 20. 8-11); and invested with the character of a “sign” be¬
tween Jehovah and Israel, and a perpetual reminder to Israel of their separation to God
(Ex. 31.13-17). It was observed by complete rest (Ex. 35.2,3), and by Jehovah’s ex¬
press order a man was put to death for gathering sticks on the sabbath day (Num. 15.
32-36). Apart from maintaining the continued burnt-offering (Num. 28.9), and its con¬
nection with the annual feasts (Ex. 12.16; Lev. 23.3,8; Num. 28. 25), the seventh-day
sabbath was never made a day of sacrifice, worship, or any manner of religious service,
tt was simply and only a day of complete rest for man and beast, a humane pro¬
vision for man’s needs. In Christ’s words, “The sabbath was made for man, and
not man for the sabbath” (Mk. 2. 27)._ (2) Our Lord found the observance of
the day encrusted with rabbinical evasions (Mt. 12. 2) and restrictions, wholly
unknown to the law, so that He was Himself held to be a sabbath-breaker by the
tehgious authorities of the time. The sabbath will be again observed during the
®ngdom-age (Isa. 66. 23). (3) The Christian first day perpetuates in the dis¬
pensation of grace the principle that one-seventh of the time is especially sacred,
“nt in all other respects is in contrast with the sabbath. One is the seventh day,
die other the first. The sabbath commemorates God’s creation rest, the first day
'-hnst’s resurrection. On the seventh day God rested, on the first day Christ
1011
 12 2] St. MATTHEW. [122s
2 But when the Pharisees saw it, stretched it forth; and "it was r.
they said unto him, Behold, thy dis¬ stored whole, like as the other. e'
ciples do that which is not lawful to a Inspiration. 14 Then the Pharisees went out
do upon the sabbath day. vs.3-5,40; and held a council against hW
3 But he said unto them, Have ye Mt.19.4-8. how they might ‘destroy him.
(Ex.4.15;
not “read 'what '’David did, when Rev.22.19.)
Jesusand the multitudes (at the
he was an hungred, and they that b Kingdom sea of Tiberias) (Mk. 3. 7-12).
were with him; (N.T.). r
4 How he entered into the house Mt.12.38-45. 15 But when Jesus knew it,
of God, and did eat the “shewbread, 1(Lk. 1.31-33; •
Cor.15.24.)
withdrew himself from thence: and
which was not lawful for him to, great multitudes followed him, and
c Ex.25.30,
eat, neither for them which were note. he healed them all;
with him, but only for the priests? d Num.28.9, 16 And charged them that they
5 Or have ye not read in the law, 10. should not make him known:
how that on the sabbath days the1 2 Chr.6.18; 17 That it might be fulfilled which
^priests in the temple profane the Isa.66.1,2. was spoken by Esaias the prophet,
sabbath, and are blameless? _ /1 Sam.15.22; saying,
Hos.6.6;
6 But I say unto you, That in this Mic.6.6-8. 18 Behold my /servant, whom l
place is one “greater than the g See Mt.8. have chosen; my beloved, in whom
temple. 20. my soul is well pleased: I will put
7 But if ye had known what this h Miracles my ^spirit upon him, and he shall
meaneth, I will have /mercy, and (N.T.). shew judgment to the_2iGentiles.
vs.10-13,22; 19 He shall not strive, nor cry;
not sacrifice, ye would not have Mt.14-19-21.
condemned the guiltless. (Mt.8.2,3; neither shall any man hear his
8 For the «Son of man is Lord Acts 28.8,9.) voice in the streets.
even of the sabbath day. i Psa.2.2. 20 A bruised reed shall he not
; vs.18-21; break, and smokingflax shall he
The healing of the withered Isa.42.1-4. not quench, fitnuTserid forth judg¬
hand on the sabbath (Mk. 3. k Holy Spirit.
ment unto victory.
1-6; Lk. 6. 6-il). vs. 18,28,32;
Mt.22.43. 21 And in his name shall the Gen¬
9 And when he was departed (Mt.1.18; tiles ’"trust.
Acts 2-4.)
thence, he went into their syna¬ A demoniac healed: the Phari¬
I Christ (First
gogue: Advent). sees blaspheme (Mk. 3. 22-30;
10 And, behold, there was a man Mt.21.1-5.
Lk. 11. 14-23).
which had his hand withered. And (Gen.3.15;
Acts 1.9.) 22 Then was brought unto him
they asked him, saying, Is it lawful
m i.e. hope, one "possessed with a devil, blind,
to heal on the sabbath days? that
n Gr. daimoni- and dumb: and he healed him, inso¬
they might accuse him. zomai, de¬
11 And he said unto them, What monized. much that the blind and dumb both
man shall there be among you, that Mt.7.22, spake and saw.
note, 23 And all the people were
shall have one sheep, and if it fall
o Mt.9.27; amazed, and said. Is not this the
into a pit on the sabbath day, will 21.9.
he not lay hold on it, and lift it “son of David?
P demons.
out? Mt.7.22, 24 But when the Pharisees heard
12 How much then is a man better note, it, they said, This fellow doth not
than a sheep? Wherefore it is law¬ q Mt.9.34; cast out /devils, but by ^Beelzebub
Mk.3.22,30; the prince of the devils.
ful to do well on the sabbath days. Lk.11.14,20.
13 Then saith he to the man. 25 And Jesus knew their thoughts,
Stretch forth thine hand. And he I and said unto them, Every kingdom

was ceaselessly active. The sabbath commemorates a finished creation, the first
day a finished redemption. The sabbath was a day of legal obligation, the first
day one of voluntary worship and service. The sabbath is mentioned in the Acts
only in connection with the Jews, and in the rest of the N.T. but twice (Col. 2. 16;
Heb. 4. 4). In these passages the seventh-day sabbath is explained to be to the
Christian not a day to be observed, but a type of the present rest into which he
enters when “he also ceases from his own works” and trusts Christ.
1 Jesus’ action (Mt. 12. 1-7) is highly significant. “What David did’ refers
to the time of his rejection and persecution by Saul (1 Sam. 21. 6). Jesus here is
not so much the rejected Saviour as the rejected King; hence the reference to
David. _
2 This too is most significant. The rejected King of Israel will turn to the Gen¬
tiles (cf. Mt. 10. 5, 6). In fulfilment this awaited the official rejection, crucifixion,
and resurrection of Christ, and the final rejection of the risen Christ (Lk. 24 . 46, 47;
Acts 9. is; 13. 46; 28. 25-28; Rom. 11. 11).
1012
 St. MATTHEW. [12 46

divided against itself is brought to A.D. 31. . 37 For by thy words thou shalt be
i isolation; and every city or house a Satan.
justified, and by thy words thou
divided against itself shall not vs.26,27; :shalt be condemned.
stand; Mt.13.39.
26 And if “Satan cast out Satan, (Gen.3.1; The sign of the prophet Jonas:
Rev.20.10.)
ue is divided against himself; how Jesus foretells his death and
-kail then his kingdom stand? b Lk.9.49,50; resurrection (Lk. 11. 29-44).
10.17; Acta
27 And if I by Beelzebub cast out
19.13-16. 38 Then certain of the scribes and
devils, by whom do your '’children
of the Pharisees answered, saying.
cast them out? therefore they shall c Sin. Rom.3.
23, note. Master, we would see a *sign from
be your judges.
thee.
28 But if I cast out devils by the d Forgiveness.
39 But he answered and said unto
; Spirit of God, then the kingdom of vs.31,32;
Mt.18.21,27, them, An evil and adulterous 'gene¬
God is come unto you. 32,35. (Lev.4. ration seeketh after a sign; and
' 29 Or else how can one enter into 20; Mt.26.
there shall no sign be given to it, but
a strong man’s house, and spoil his 28.)
the sign of the prophet Jonas:
j goods, except he first bind the e Ascribing 40 For as "Jonas was three days
i strong man? and then he will spoil to Satan the
and three nights in the whale’s
bis house. work of the
Holy Spirit. belly; so shall the Son of man be
30 He that is not with me is Cf.vs.24,32, three days and three nights in the
against me; and he that gathereth 40.
heart of the earth.
not with me scattereth abroad.
/ i.e. age. 41 'The men of "Nineveh shall
The unpardonable sin: ascrib¬ rise in judgment with this genera¬
g Mt.7.17,18.
ing to Satan the works of the tion, and shall condemn it: because
Spirit (Mk. 3. 29, 30). h Jas.3.12. they “repented at the preaching of
Jonas; and, behold, a greater than
i Progeny.
31 Wherefore I say unto you All Mt.3.7;
Jonas is here.
manner of csin and blasphemy shall 23.33. 42 '’The queen of the south shall
be ‘'forgiven unto men; but the rise up in the judgment with this
j Day of judg¬
•blasphemy against the Holy ment. vs.36,
generation, and shall condemn it;
Ghost shil not be forgiven unto 41,42; Mk. for she came from the uttermost
men. 6.11. (Mt. parts of the earth to hear the wis¬
10.15; Rev.
32 And whosoever speaketh a 20.11. *)
dom of Solomon; and, behold, a
word against the Son of man, it greater than Solomon is here.
shall be ‘'forgiven him: but whoso¬ k Mt.16.1-4;
Mk.8.11;
ever speaketh against the Holy cf.John 2.
The worthlessness of self-refor¬
j Ghost, it shall not be forgiven him, 18-22. mation (Lk. 11. 24-26).
j neither in this 'world, neither in
I the world to come. I Kingdom 43 «When the unclean spirit is
(N.T.). Mt.
12.46-50.
gone out of a man, he walketh
Destiny in words. (Lk.1.31-33; through dry places, seeking rest,
1 Cor.15.24.) and findeth none.
33 Either make the stree good, 44 Then he saith, I will return
j and his fruit good; or else make the j m Jon.1.17. into my house from whence I came
I tree corrupt, and his fruit corrupt: n Jon.3.5-9; out; and when he is come, he findeth
for *the tree is known by his fruit. Lk. 11.32; it empty, swept, and garnished.
34 O 'generation of vipers, how see Nah.l.
1, note. 45 Then goeth he, and taketh
can ye, being evil, speak good with himself seven other spirits
things? for out of the abundance of 0 Repentance. more wicked than himself, and they
Mk.1.4. (Mt.
the heart the mouth speaketh. 3.2; Acts enter in and dwell there: and the
35 A good man out of the good 17.30.) last state of that man is worse than
treasure of the heart bringeth forth the first. Even so shall it be also
p 2 Chr.9.
good things: and an evil man out of 1-12. unto this wicked ’generation.
the evil treasure bringeth forth evil
things. q Lk.l 1.24-26. The new relationships (Mk. 3.
_ 36 But I say unto you, That every 31-35; Lk. 8. 19-21).
idle word that men shall speak, they
1 shall give account thereof in the r Cf.Mt.24. 46 2While he yet talked to the
May of judgment. | 34, note. people, behold, his mother and his

1 Again the rejected King announces judgment (cf. Mt. 11. 20-24). Israel, in the
midst of the Pharisaic revival of outward religious strictness, was like a man out of
Whom a demon had “gone,” i.e. of his own volition. He would come back and find
an empty house, etc. The personal application is to a mere self-cleansed moralist.
2 Rejected by Israel, His “kinsmen according to the flesh” (cf. Rom. 9. 3), our
1013
 12 47] St. MATTHEW. [13 i3
brethren stood without, desiring to A.D. 31. fell by the way side, and the fow,
speak with him. came and devoured them up: wls
47 Then one said unto him. Be¬ 5 Some fell upon stony plac
hold, <*thy mother and thy brethren where they had not much earth!
stand without, desiring to speak and forthwith they sprung up>
with thee. cause they had no deepness 0j
48 But he answered and said unto earth: 1
him that told him. Who is my 6 And when the sun was up, they
o Mk.3.31-35; were scorched; and because they
mother? and who are my brethren? Lk.8.19-21.
49 And he stretched forth his had no root, they withered away.
hand toward his disciples, and said. b Kingdom 7 And some fell among thornV
Behold my mother and my breth¬ (N.T.). Mt. and the thorns sprung up,
13.1-50.
ren! (Lk.1.31-33; choked them:
50 .For ^whosoever shall do the 1 Cor.15.24.) 8 But other fell into good ground
will of my Father which is in c Parables
and brought forth fruit, some an
heaven, the same is my brother, (N.T.). va. hundredfold, some sixtyfold, som»
and sister, and mother. 3-9,18-23, thirtyfold.
24-30,36-43,
31,32,33,44,
9 Who hath ears to hear, let him
45,46,47-50; hear.
CHAPTER 13. Mt.18.12-14. 10 And the disciples came, and
(Mt.5.13-16;
The mysteries of the kingdom Lk.21.29-
said unto him. Why speakest thou
of heaven: (1) the sower (Mk. 31.) unto them in parables?
4. 1-20; Lk. 8. 4-is), 11 He answered and said unto
d Mk.4.10,
them. Because it is given unto you
THE same day went Jesus out of
the house, and sat by the sea
11; Lk.8.9,
10.. to know the -^mysteries of the
'kingdom of heaven, but to them it
e Mt.3.2, is not given.
side. note.
2 And great multitudes were 12 For whosoever hath, to him
gathered together unto him, so f John 7.16, shall be given, and he shall have
that he went into a ship, and sat; 17; 8.43. more abundance: but whosoever
and the whole multitude stood on hath not, from him shall be taken
the shore. away even that he hath.
3 And he 1spake many things un¬ 13 Therefore speak I to them in
to them in “parables, saying. Be¬ parables: ^because they seeing see
hold, a 2sower went forth to sow; not; and hearing they hear not,
4 And when he sowed, some seeds neither do they understand.

Lord intimates the formation of the new family of faith which, overstepping mere ra¬
cial claims, receives “whosoever” will be His disciple (vs. 49, 50. Cf. John 6. 28,29).
1 The seven parables of Mt. 13., called by our Lord “mysteries of the kingdom
of heaven” (v. 11), taken together, describe the result of the presence of the Gospel
in the world during the present age, that is, the time of seed-sowing which began
with our Lord’s personal ministry, and ends with the “harvest” (vs. 40-43). Briefly,
that result is the mingled tares and wheat, good fish and bad, in the sphere of Chris¬
tian profession. It is Christendom.
2 The figure marks a new beginning. To labour in God’s vineyard (Israel, Isa. 5.
1-7) is one thing, to go forth sowing the seed of the word in a field which is the world,
quite another (cf. Mt. 10. 5). One-fourth of the seed takes permanent root, but
the result is “wheat” (v. 25; 1 Pet. 1. 23), or “children of the kingdom” (v. 38).
This parable (vs. 3-9, 18-23) is treated throughout as foundational to the mysteries
of the kingdom of heaven. It is interpreted by our Lord Himself.
3 A “mystery” in Scripture is a previously hidden truth, now divinely revealed,
but in which a supernatural- element still remains despite the revelation. The
greater mysteries are: (1) The mysteries of the kingdom of heaven (Mt.""l3. 3-5o);
(2) the mystery of Israel’s blindness Huring this_age (Korn. ITT25, with context);
(3) the mystery of the translation of living saints at the end of this age (1 Cor. 15.
51, 52; 1 Thes. 4. 14-17); (4) the mystery of the N.T. church as one body composed
of Jew and Gentile (Eph. 3. 1-11; Rom. 16. 25; Eph. 6. 19; Col. 4. 3) ; ~(5T ffie mystery
of the Ohufch'asThe bride of Christ (Eph. 5. 28-32); (6) the,rnystery of the mliving
QforistjGaO. 20fCol. 1. 26," 27); "(7) the “mystery of God even CHnst?’ l.e. Christ
as the incarnate fullness of the Godhead~em6odi'ed7m whom all the*3ivine wisdom
for man subsists (Col. 272.9: I Cor. 27 7); (8) mystery of the processes by which
godlikeness is restored to man (1 Tim. 3. 16); (9) the mystery ^Liniquity (2 Thes.
2. 7; Mt. 13. 33)rriTT)~fKe mystery of the seven stars TRev. 1. 20); (IT) the mystery
ofjgabylon (Rev 17. 5, --—-~~-
1014
 St. MATTHEW. [13 28
13 >4J
14 And in them is fulfilled the self, but dureth for a while: for
jij-ophecy of Esaias, which saith, when ^tribulation or persecution
ay hearing ye shall hear, and shall ariseth because of the word, by and
understand; and seeing ye shall by he is offended.
:ee, and shall not perceive: 22 He also that received seed
;5 For this people’s heart is waxed a Isa.6.9,10; among the thorns is he that heareth
Mk.4.12;
aross, and their ears are dull of Lk.8.10; the word; and the care of this
hearing, and their eyes they have John 12.39- “world, and the deceitfulness of
41. riches; choke the word, and he be-
closed; lest at any time they should
see with their eyes and hear/with b i.e. turn cometh unfruitful.
their ears, and should understand again. 23 But ‘he that received seed into
vVjth their heart, and should be c Lk.8.11-15; the good ground is he that heareth
Converted, and I should heal them. 10.23,24. the word, and understandeth it;
16 But 'blessed are your eyes, for which also beareth “fruit, and bring-
they see: and your ears, for they d Righteous¬
ness. Rom.
eth forth, some an hundredfold,
hear. 10.10, note. some sixty, some thirty.
17 For verily I say unto you. That1
Second mystery, the tares
many 1prophets and “righteous e Mt.3.2, note. among the wheat (vs. 24-30,
men have desired to see those
36-43).
things which ye see, and have not f at once.
seen them; and to hear those 24 2Another parable put he forth
g Cf. Heb.6.
things which ye hear, and have 4-6 with 10. unto them, saying, 'The kingdom of
not heard them. 34; Acts 14. heaven is likened unto a man which
18 Hear ye therefore the parable 22. sowed “good seed in his field:
of the sower. h i.e. age. 25 But while men slept, his enemy
19 When any one heareth the came and sowed frares among the
word of the 'kingdom, and under- «Lk.8.15. wheat, and went his way.
standeth it not, then cometh the j Phil.1.11; 26 But when the blade was sprung
wicked one, and catcheth away Col. 1.6. up, and brought forth fruit, then
that which was sown in his heart. appeared the tares also.
k 1 Pet.1.23;
This is he which received seed by 1 John 3.9. 27 So the servants of the house¬
the way side. holder came and said unto him. Sir,
20 But he that received the seed I Acts 20.29, didst not thou sow good seed in thy
30.
into stony places, the same is he field? from whence then hath it
that heareth the word', and /anon tares?
with joy receiveth it; 28 He said unto them, An enemy
21 Yet hath he not root in him¬ hath done this. The servants said

1 The O.T. prophets saw in one blended vision the rejection and crucifixion of
the King (see “Christ, sacrifice,” Gen. 4. 4; Heb. 10. is, note), and also His glory
,
as David’s Son (Zech. 12. 8 note), but “what manner of time the Spirit of Christ
which was in them did signify when it testified beforehand the sufferings of Christ
and the glory that should follow,” was not revealed to them—only that the vision
was not for themselves (1 Pet. 1. 10-12). That revelation Christ makes in these
parables. A period of time is to intervene between His sufferings and His glory.
That interval is occupied with the “mysteries of the kingdom of heaven” here
described.
2 This parable (vs. 24-30) is also interpreted by our Lord (vs. 36-43). Here the
“good seed” is not the “word,” as in the first parable (vs. 19, 23), but rather that
which the word has produced (l Pet. 1. 23), viz.: the children of the kingdom. These
are, providentially (v. 37), “sown,” i.e. scattered, here and-there iri the “field”
of the “world” (v. 38). The “world” here is both geographical and ethnic—the
earth-world, and also the world of men. The wheat of God at once becomes the
scene of Satan’s activity. Where children of the kingdom are gathered, there,
“among the wheat” (vs. 25, 38, 39), Satan “sows” “children of the wicked one,”
who profess to be children of the kingdom, and in outward ways are so like the
hue children that only the angels may, in the end, be trusted to separate them
(vs. 28-30, 40—43). So great is Satan’s power of deception that the tares often
really suppose themselves to be children of the kingdom (Mt. 7. 21-23). Many
ether parables and exhortations have this mingled condition in view (e.g. Mt. 22.
>1-14; 25. 1-13, 14-30; Lk. 18. 10-14; Heb. 6. 4-9). Indeed, it characterizes Matthew
from Chapter 13. to the end. The parable of the wheat and tares is not a descrip¬
tion of the world, but of that which professes to be the kingdom. Mere unbe¬
lievers are never called children of the devil, but only religious unbelievers are so
called (cf. v. 38; John 8. 38-44; Mt. 23. is).
1015
 13 29] St. MATTHEW. [13 3s
unto him. Wilt thou then that we A.D. 31. seeds: but when it is grown, it ;
go and gather them up? the greatest among herbs, and bpS
a Phil.3.18,
29 But he said. Nay; lest while 19; 2 Thes.3.
cometh a dtree, so that the birds of
ye gather up the tares, ye root up 6; 2 Tim.2. the air come and lodge in the
also the wheat with them. 19. branches thereof.
30 Let. “both grow together until b Mt.3.2,
note.
the harvest: and in the time of har¬ Fourth mystery, the leaven
c Mk.4.30-
vest I will say to the reapers, 32; Lk.13.18,
(Lk. 13. 20, 21).
'Gather ye together first the tares, 19; Acts 1.15.
and bind them in bundles to burn d Ezk.17.22- 33 3 Another parable spake he un-
them: but gather the wheat into 24; 31.3-9; to them; The kingdom of heaven ij
cf.Dan.4.
my barn. 20-22. like unto 4cleaven, which a woman
e Leaven.
took, and /hid in «three measures
Third mystery, the grain of (Gen.19.3.) of meal, till the *whole was
mustard seed (Mk. 4. 30-32). /v.25; Gafl.2. leavened.
4; 3.1. 34 All these things spake Jesus
31 2Another parable put he forth g Num.15.8, unto the multitude in parables; and
9; John 6.32-
unto them, saying. The ''kingdom 35.
without a parable spake he not unto
of heaVeri is like to a grain of “mus¬ them:
h 1 Cor.5.6;
tard seed, which a man took, and 15.33; Gal. 35 That it might be 'fulfilled
sowed in his field: 5.6-9. which was spoken by the prophet,
32 Which indeed is the least of all i Psa.7,8.2. saying, I will open my mouth in

1 The gathering of the tares into bundles for burning does not imply immediate
judgment. At the end of this age (v. 40) the tares are set apart for burning, but
first the wheat is gathered into the bam (John 14. 3; 1 Thes. 4. 14-17).
2 The parable of the Mustard Seed prefigures the rapid but unsubstantial growth
of the mystery form of the kingdom from an insignificant beginning (Acts 1.15; 2.41;
1 Cor. 1. 26) to a great place in the earth. The figure of the fowls finding shelter in
the branches is drawn from Dan. 4. 20-22. How insecure was such a refuge the
context in Daniel shows.
3 That interpretation of the parable of the Leaven (v. 33) which makes (with
variation as to details) the leaven to be the Gospel, introduced into the world (“three
measures of meal”) by the church, and working subtly until the world is converted
(“till the whole was leavened”) is open to fatal objection: (1) It does violence to
the unvarying symbolical meaning of leaven, and especially to the meaning fixed
by our Lord Himself (Mt. 16. 6-12; Mk. 8. 15, See “Leaven,” Gen. 19. 3; Mt. 13.
33, note). (2) The implication of a converted world in this age (“till the whole
was leavened”), is explicitly contradicted by our Lord’s interpretation of the par¬
ables of the Wheat and Tares, and of the Net. Our Lord presents a picture of
a partly' converted kingdom in an unconverted world; of good fish and bad in the
very kingdom-net itself. (3) The method of the extension of the kingdom is given
in the first parable. It is by sowing seed, not by mingling leaven. The symbols
have, in Scripture, a meaning fixed by inspired usage. Leaven is the principle
of corruption working subtly; is invariably used in a bad sense (see “Leaven,”
Gen. 19. 3, re/s.), and is defined by our Lord as evil doctrine (Mt. 16. 11, 12; Mk.
8. 15). Meal, on the contrary, was used in one of the sweet-savour offerings (Lev. 2.
1-3), and was food for the priests (Lev. 6.15-17). A woman, in the bad ethical sense,
always symbolizes something out of place, religiously (see Zech. 5. 6, note). In
Thyatira it was a woman teaching (cf. Rev. 2. 20 with Rev. 17. 1-6). Interpreting
the parable by these familiar symbols, it constitutes a warning that the true doc¬
trine, given for the nourishment of the children of the kingdom (Mt. 4. 4; 1 Tim.
4. 6; 1 Pet. 2. 2), would be mingled with corrupt and corrupting false doctrine, and
that officially, by the apostate church itself (1 Tim. 4. 1-3; 2 Tim. 2. 17, is; 4. 3, 4;
2 Pet. 2. 1-3).
1 Summary: (1) Leaven, as a symbolic or typical substance, is always mentioned
in the O.T. in an evil sense (Gen, 19. 3, refs.). (2) The use of the word in the
N.T. explains its symbolic meaning. It is “malice arid wickedness,” as contrasted
with “sincerity and truth” (1 Cor. 5. 6-s). It is evil doctrine (Mt. 16.12) in its three¬
fold form of Pharisaism, Sadduceeism, and Herodianism (Mt. 16. 6; Mk. 8. 15;-
The leaven of the Pharisees was extemalism in religion (Mt. 23. 14. 16, 23-28); “
the Sadducees, scepticism as to the supernatural and as to the Scriptures (Mt. 22.
23, 29); of the Herodians, worldliness—a Herod party amongst the Jews (Mt. 'f
I6-21; Mk. 3. 6). (3) The use of the word in Mt. 13. 33 is congruous with its uni¬
versal meaning.
1016
 St. MATTHEW.
nace of fire: there shall be wailing
and 'gnashing of teeth,
foundation of the “world. £ j 43 JThen shall the "righteous
33,34.' shine forth as the sun in the king¬
The second mystery explained. rMt' dom of their Father. "Who hath
Hr? 4.o), = man-
ears to hear, let him hear.
36 Then Jesus sent the multitude d Mt.3.2, note.
away, and went into the house: e5?t?n; Gr- Fifth mystery, the hid
and his disciples came unto him, cusenMcie treasure.
saying, ''Declare unto us the parable 23. (Gen.3U;'
of the tares of the field. Rev.20.10.) 44 Again, the ''kingdom of heaven
37 He answered and said unto ftfon“T!he is like unto “treasure 2hid in a field;
them. He that soweth the good seed age. Mt.243. the which when a man hath found,
is the Son of man; «Heb. 1.4,note. he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth
da Th. <4.. c.n-tj. ft. and “selleth all that he hath, and
buyeth that field.

Sixth mystery, the pearl.

45 Again, the ^kingdom of heaven

is like unto a merchant man, seek¬
ing goodly 3pearls:
46 Who, when he had found “one
pearl of great price, went and sold
all that he had, and bought it.

Seventh mystery, the drag-net.

47 Again, 4the kingdom of
^heaven is like unto a net, that
was cast into the sea, and gathered
of every kind:
48 Which, when it was full, they

1 The kingdom does not become the kingdom of the “Father” until Christ, hav¬
ing “put all enemies under His feet,” including the last enemy, death, has “delivered
up the kingdom to God, even the Father” (1 Cor. 15. 24-28; Rev. 20. 2). There
is triumph over death at the first resurrection (1 Cor. 15. 54, 55), but death, “the
last
* enemy,” is not destroyed till the end of the millennium (Rev. 20. 14).
2 The interpretation of the parable of the treasure, which makes the buyer of
the field to be a sinner who is seeking Christ, has no warrant in the parable itself.
The field is defined (v. 38) to be the world. The seeking sinner does not buy, but
forsakes, the world to win Christ. Furthermore, the sinner has nothing to sell,
nor is Christ for sale, nor is He hidden in a field, nor, having found Christ, does
the sinner hide Him again (cf. Mk. 7. 24; Acts 4. 20). At every point the inter¬
pretation breaks down.
Our Lord is the buyer at the awful cost of His blood (1 Pet. 1. is), and Israel,
especially Ephraim (Jer. 31. 5-12, 18-20), the lost tribes hidden in “the field,” the
world (v. 38), is the treasure (Ex. 19. 5; Psa. 135. 4). Again, as in the separation
of tares and wheat, the angels are used (Mt. 24. 31; Jer. 16. 16). The divine Mer¬
chantman buys the field (world) for the sake of the treasure (v. 44; Rom. 11. 28),
beloved for the fathers’ sakes, and yet to be restored and saved. The note of joy
(v. 44) is also that of the prophets in view of Israel’s restoration (Deut. 30. 9; Isa.
49. 13; 52. 1-3; 62'. 4-7; 65. 18, 19). (See “Israel,” Gen. 11. 10; Rom. 11. 26.)
3 The true Church, “one body” formed by the Holy Spirit (1 Cor. 12.12,13). As
Israel is the hid treasure, so the Church is the pearl of great cost. Covering the
same period of time as the mysteries of the kingdom, is the mystery of the Church
(Rom. 16. 25, 26; Eph. 3. 3-10; 5. 32). Of the true Church a pear! is a perfect sym¬
bol: (1) A pearl is one, a perfect symbol of unity (1 Cor. 10. 17; 12. 12, 13; Eph. 4.
Jr®). (2) A pearl is formed by accretion, and that not mechanically, but vitally,
through a living one, as Christ adds to the Church (Acts 2. 41,47; 5; 14; 11. 24; Eph.
‘•21; Col. 2. 19). (3) Christ, having given Himself for the pearl, is now preparing
‘t for presentation to Himself (Eph. 5. 25-27). The kingdom is not the Church, but
die true children of the kingdom during the fulfilment of these mysteries, baptized
by one Spirit into one body (1 Cor. 12. 12, 13), compose the true Church, the pearl.
4 The parable of the Net (Gr. drag-net) presents another view from that of the
1017
 13 49] St. MATTHEW. [14 12
drew to shore, and sat down, and 58 And he did not many
fathered the good into vessels, but
\a Mt.25.31-46.
cast the bad away.
49 So shall it be at the 6end of b consumma¬
tion of the
the world: the angels shall come age. Mt.
forth, and sever the wicked from 24.3.
among the just.
50 And shall cast them into the
■furnace of fire: there shall be wail¬
ing and gnashing of Jteeth.
51 Jesus saith unto them. Have ye
vs.1-50;
understood all these things? They Mt.15.21-28. is John the Baptist; he is risen
say unto him. Yea, Lord, (Lk. 1.31-33; from the dead; and therefore
52 Then said he unto them. 1 Cor.15.24 ) mighty works do shew forth them¬
Therefore every scribe which is « John 7.15. selves in him.
instructed unto the kingdom of 3 For -Herod had laid hold on
heaven is like unto a man that is /John 6.42; John, and bound him, and put him
an householder, which bringeth 7.41,48,52. in prison for *Herodias’ sake, hjs
forth out of his treasure things new ^ Son of Al¬ brother Philip’s wife.
pha; us, Mt. 4 For John said unto him. It is not
and old.
4.21, note.
lawful for thee to have her.
Jesus returns to Nazareth: 5 And when he would have put
h Mk.6.5,6;
again rejected (Mk. 6. i-«; cf. John 5.44, him to death, he feared the multi-
Lk. 4. 16-32). 46,47.
tude, because they counted him as
53 And it came to pass, that »Called Anti- a prophet.
when Jesus had finished these par¬ pas; son of 6 But when Herod's birthday was
Herod the
ables, he departed thence. Great (Mt.2.
kept, the daughter of Herodias
54 And when he was come into 1, note) and danced before them, and pleased
his own country, he taught them in Malthace, a Herod.
Samaritan
their synagogue, insomuch that woman;
7 Whereupon he promised with
they were ^astonished, and said, brother of an oath to give her whatsoever she
Whence hath this man this wis¬ Archelaus would ask.
dom, and these mighty works? 8 And she, being before instructed
55 Is not this the ^carpenter’s of her mother, said. Give me here
son? is not his mother called Mary? John Baptist's head in a charger.
and his brethren, « Janies, and Joses, 9 And the king was 'sorry: nev-
and Simon, and Judas?
56 And his sisters, are they not
all with us? Whence then hath
this man all these things?
57 And they were offended in
him. But Jesus said unto them, A
prophet is not without honour, save
in his own country, and in his own
house.

wheat and tares of the mysteries of the kingdom as the sphere of profession, but
with this difference: there Satan was the active agent; here the admixture is more
the result of the tendency of a movement to gather to itself that which is not really
of it. The kingdom of heaven is like a net which, cast into the sea of humanity,
gathers of every kind, good and bad. And these remain together in the net (v. 49),
and not merely in the sea, until the end of the age. It is not even a converted
net, much less a converted sea. Infinite violence has been done to sound exegesis
by the notion that the world is to be converted in this age. Against that notion
stands our Lord’s own interpretation of the parables of the Sower, the Wheat and
Tares, and the Net.
Such, then, is the mystery form of the kingdom (see Mt. 3. 2, note; 6. 33-
note). It is the sphere of Christian profession during this age. It is a mmg‘ea
body of true and false, wheat and tares, good and bad. It is defiled by formalism-
doubt, and worldliness. But within it Christ sees the true children of the true
kingdom who, at the end, are to “shine forth as the sun.” In the great field, tne
world, He sees the redeemed of all ages, but especially His hidden Israel, yet w
be restored and blessed. Also, in this form of the kingdom, so unlike that wnm
is to be. He sees the Church, His body and bride, and for Joy He sells all that n
has (2 Cor. 8. 9) and buys the field, the treasure, and the pearl.
1018
 14 13] St. MATTHEW. [15
took up the body, and buried it. andl him walking on the sea, they were
went and "told Jesus. "‘troubled, saying. It is a spirit;
13 When Jesus heard of it, he 6de- and they cried out for fear.
parted thence by “ship into a desert 'a John 1.35- 27 But straightway Jesus spake
37; 11.21.
place apart: and when the people unto them, saying, “Be of good
had heard thereof, they followed \b Mt.12.15; |cheer; it is I; be not afraid.
Mk.6.32-46.
him on foot out of the cities. 28 And Peter answered him and
14 And Jesus went forth, and saw boat. said. Lord, if it be thou, bid me
a .great multitude, and was moved |d Mt.9.36. come unto thee on the water.
with ^compassion toward them, and e Mt.10.8;
29 And he said, Come. And
he healed their sick. 2 Cor.4.5,6. [when Peter was come down out of
the ship, he walked on the water, to
fhe five thousand fed (Mk. 6. / Mt 28.18. go to Jesus.
30-44; Lk. 9. 10-17; John 6. 1-14). If John 6.1-14. 30 But when he saw the “wind

15 And when it was evening, his 11.41,42:

\h John 6.23; boisterous, he was afraid; and be¬
disciples came to him, saying. This 1 Cor 11.24. ginning to sink, the cried, saying.
is a desert place, and the time is i Miracles Lord, save me.
31 And immediately Jesus stretch¬
now past; send the multitude away, (N.T.) vs.
19-21,24-33, ed forth his hand, and caught him,
that they may go into the villages,
35,36: Mt.15. and said unto him, O thou of «little
and buy themselves victuals. 21-28. (Mt.
faith, wherefore didst thou doubt?
16 But Jesus said unto them, 8.2,3; Acts
32 And when they were come into
They need not depart; ‘give yei 28.8,9.)
the ship, the wind ceased.
diem to eat. j 2 Ki.4.1-7,
33 Then they that were in the ship
17 And they say unto him. We 42-44; Mt.
15.27. came and worshipped him, saying,
have here but five loaves, and two
fishes. 1* Mk.6.46; Of a truth thou art the "Son of God.
Lk.5.16 34 And when they were gone
18 He said, /Bring them hither to|
7 Mk.6.47- |over, they came into the land of
roe.
19 And he commanded the multi¬ 16-21.
52; John 6 Gennesaret.
35 And when the men of that
tude to sit down on the grass, and
: Lk.24.36- place had knowledge of him, they
took the sfive loaves, and the two 40; John 14.
sent out into all that country round
fishes, and looking up to heaven, 27; 16.33.
about, and brought unto him all
he ^blessed, and brake, and gavel » John 14.27;
that were diseased;
the loaves to his disciples, and the| 16.33.
36 And besought him that they
disciples to the multitude.
oLk.8.24,25. might only ‘touch the hem of his
20 ’And they did all eat, and were]
garment: and as many as touched
filled; and they took up of the frag-1 p Mt.8.25.
|were made perfectly whole.
ments that /remained twelve bas-|
q Mt.8.26.
kets full.
21 And they that had eaten werelIf Mt.16.16; CHAPTER 15.
27.54; Psa.
about five thousand men, beside] 46.10; John
women and children. 1.49.
Jesus rebukes scribes and Phari¬
sees (Mk. 7. 1-23).
Jesus walks on the water: Pe¬ |$ Mk.5.24,34.
ter’s little faith (Mk. 6. 45-56;] Mt.23.16-18;
Mk.7.1-23.
T HEN came to Jesus scribes and
Pharisees, which were of Jeru¬
John 6. 15-21).
u Mt.23.23; salem, saying,
22 And straightway Jesus con¬ John 18.28; 2 Why do thy disciples transgress
strained his disciples to get into a] con tra, Rom.
3.31.
]the ‘tradition of the elders? for
ship, and to go before him unto the| ]they wash not their hands when
other side, while he sent the multi¬ v Ex.20.12; they eat bread.
Jer.35.18,19
tudes away. 3 But he answered and said unto
.23 And when he had sent the mul¬ w Ex.21.17. them. Why do ye also transgress
titudes away, he went up into a \x surely die. the “commandment of God by your
mountain apart'tO'pray: and when See Lev.20. tradition?
9; Deut.27.
the evening was" ComeThe was there 16; Prov.30. 4 For God commanded, saying,
Stone.- 17. Cf. 1 Tim. “Honour thy father and mother:
W But the ship was now in the 5.4-8. and, ”He that curseth father or
*idst of the sea, ‘tossed with y i.e. dedi¬ mother, let him “die the death.
Waves: for the wind was con¬ cated to God. 5 But ye say. Whosoever shall
trary. Mt.5.23,24.
See Mk.7.11, say to his father or his mother, It
?5 And in the fourth watch of the] ref |is a ‘'gift, by whatsoever thou
flight Jesus went unto them, walk- mightest be profited by me;
3 k 0n t*le sea- v 1 6 And honour not his father or his
■ ® And when the disciples saw mother, he shall be free. Thus
1019
15 7] St. MATTHEW. [15 34
Jiave ye made the commandment of | mercy on me, O Lord, thou "son of
God of none effect by your tradi¬ a Isa.29.13; David; my daughter is grievously
tion. Ezek.33.31.
vexed with a devil.
7 Ye hypocrites, well did flEsaias b vs.8,9; 23 But he answered her not a
prophesy of you, saying, Isa.29.13. word. And his disciples came and
8 This people draweth nigh unto c Rom.14.14- besought him, saying. Send her
me with their 6mouth, and honour- 23; Col.2. away; for she crieth after us.
eth me with their lips; but their 20,23. 24 But he answered and said, I
heart is far from me. d Jer.17.9,10; am not sent but unto the Most sheep
9 But in vain they do worship Rom.3.10- of the house of Israel.
18; Tit.1.15.
me, teaching for doctrines the com¬ 2 5 Then came she and worshipped
mandments of men. «Mt.5.20; him, saying. Lord, ‘help me.
Acts 15.10.
10 And he called the multitude, 26 But he answered and said. It
and said unto them. Hear, and / Or, even yet. is not meet to take the children’s
understand: g Gen.6.5; bread, and cast it to “dogs.
11 cNot that which goeth into the| Jer.17.9,10; 27 And she said. Truth, Lord; yet
mouth defileth a man; but that Jas.3.10-12. the "dogs eat of the crumbs which
which <*cometh out of the mouth, h Gal.5.19-21. fall from their masters’ table.
this defileth a man. * Bible 28 "Then Jesus answered and
12 Then came his disciples, and prayers said unto her, O woman, tgreat is
(N.T.). Mt. thy faith: be it unto thee even «as
said unto him, Knowest thou that 26.39. (Mt.6.
the Pharisees were offended, after| 9; Rev.22.20.) thou wilt. And her daughter was
they heard this saying? made "whole from that very hour.
j Mt.1.1;
13 But he answered and said. 22.41,42;
Every plant, which my heavenly! Psa. 132.11. The multitudes healed.
Father hath not planted, shall be! k Gr. apol- (Cf. Mk. 7. 31-37.)
‘rooted up. lumi. John 3.
29 And Jesus departed from
14 Let them alone: they be blind 16, note. thence, and came nigh unto the sea
leaders of the blind. And if the of Galilee; and went up into a
blind lead the blind, both shall fall m Mt.7.6; mountain, and sat down there.
into the ditch. John 4.22.
30 And great multitudes came
15 Then answered Peter and said « Lit. little unto him, having with them those
unto him. Declare unto us this par¬ doga. that were lame, blind, dumb,
able. o Kingdom maimed, and many others, and "cast
16 And Jesus said. Are ye also (N.T.). vs. them down at Jesus’ feet; and he
/yet without understanding? 21-28; Mt.16.
20,21. (Lk.l. healed them:
17 Do not ye yet understand, that 31-33; 1 Cor. 31 Insomuch that the multitude
whatsoever entereth in at the 15,24.) wondered, when they saw the dumb
mouth goeth into the belly, and is p Lk.7.7,9; to speak, the maimed to be whole,
cast out into the draught? cf.Mk.6.6.
the lame to walk, and the blind to
18 But those things which proceed Faith hon¬ see: and they ‘glorified the God of
ours God,
out of the mouth come forth from! knowing
Israel.
the «heart; and they defile the man that he is
19 For out of the heart proceed | faithful; cf. The four thousand fed
1 John 5.10.
Aevil thoughts, murders, adulteries,
(Mk. 8. 1-9).
fornications, thefts, false witness, q Mt.9.27-29;
21.21,22. 32 Then Jesus called his disciples
blasphemies:
20 These are the things which r Miracles unto him, and said, I have “com¬
(N.T.). vs.
defile a man: but to eat with un- 21-28,32-39; passion on the multitude, because
washen hands defileth not a man. Mt.17.14-18. they continue with me now three
(Mt.8.2,3; days, and have nothing to eat: and
The Syrophenician woman's Acts 28.8,9.) I will not send them away fasting,
daughter healed (Mk. 7. 24-30). s Mk.7.25; lest they faint in the way.
Lk.7.38; 8. 33 And his disciples say unto him.
21 Then Jesus went thence, and 41; 10.39.
departed into the coasts of Tyre Whence should we have so much
t Mt.11.20- bread in the wilderness, as to fill so
and Sidon. 24; Lk.5.25,
22 And, behold, a woman of Ca¬ 26; 19-37,38. great a multitude?
naan came out of the same coasts, u Mt.9.36-38; 34 And Jesus saith unto them,
and *cried unto him, saying. Have) Mk.8.1-9. How many loaves have ye? And

1 For the first time the rejected Son of David ministers to a Gentile. It is a
precursive fulfilment of Mt. 12. is. Addressed by a Gentile as Son of David, He
makes no reply, for a Gentile has no claim upon Him in that character (see Mt. 2.2.
note; Eph. 2. 12). Addressing Him as “Lord," she obtained an immediate answer.!
See Rom. 10. 12, 13.
1020
 St. MATTHEW.
themselyes, saying, It is because
we have taken no bread.
8 Which when Jesus perceived.
«;vuu>i HVIUWVCU,
he said unto them, O ye of little
b Mt.14.20, faith, why reason ye among your¬
cMt.14.2I. selves, because ye have brought no
bread?
d Temptation.
Mt.19.3. 9 Do ye not ‘yet understand,
(Gen. 3.1; neither remember the five loaves
Jas.1.14.) of the five thousand, and how many
e Mt. 12.38- baskets ye took up?
41; Mk.8. 10 Neither the seven loaves of the
10-13.
four thousand, and how many fbas-.
/Lk.12.54-57.

g Mt.21.23-

h Leaved, vs.
, , ;
6 11 12
Lk.12.1.
(Gen.19.3;
Mt.13.33.)

i John 12.37.

j A different
Gr. word
from that
translated
“baskets”
,in v.9.

k Gal. 1.6-9;
Col.2.4,IS.

I Mk.8.27-33;
Lk.9.18-22.

m Also vs.27,
28. See Mt.8.
20, note.

n John 6.67.

o Mt.14.33;
John 6.69;
11.27; Acts
9.20.

p Mt.11.27;
1 John 4.15;
5.1,5; John
1.12,13.

q Son of ~h'irst mention of the church.

Jonas.
17 And Jesus answered and said
r John 6.63. unto him, ‘ Blessed art thou, Simon
s Church (the ‘Bar-jona: for ‘flesh and blood hath
true). Acts not revealed it unto thee, but my
2.47. (Mt.
16.18; Heb. Father which is in heaven.
12.23.) 18 And I say also unto thee, That
t Gr. hades. thou art 1 2Peter, and upon this rock
Lk.16.23, I will build my 2lchurch; and' the
note. gates of ‘hell shall not prevail
among against it.,

1 There is in the Greek a play upon the words, “thou art Peter [pefros—literally,
‘a little rock’), and upon this rock [Pefra] I will build my church.” _ He does not
Promise to build His church upon Peter, but upon Himself, as Peter himself is care¬
ful to tell us (1 Pet. 2. 4-9).
2 Gr. ecclesia {ek = “out of,” kaleo = “to call”), an assembly of called-out ones.
The word is used of any assembly; the word itself implies no more, as, e.g., the
town-meeting at Ephesus (Acts 19. 39), and Israel, called out of Egypt and assem¬
bled in the wilderness (Acts 7. 3s). Israel was a true. “church,” but not in any
sense the N.T. church—the only point of similarity being that both were “called
out” and by the same God. All else is contrast. See Acts 7. 3S, note; Heb, 12.
note.
1021
16 19] St. MATTHEW. 117?
19 And I will give unto thee the A.D. 32. in the glory of his Father with his
'keys of the ‘•kingdom of heaven: a Mt.3.2, note, angels; and then he shall, ^reward
and whatsoever thou shalt bind on b Kingdom (N. every man •according to his works
T.). vs.20,21;
earth shall be bound in heaven: Mt.16-28. The transfiguration: a picture
and whatsoever thou shalt loose on (Lk. 1.31-33; of the future kingdom (Mk
earth shall be loosed in heaven. 1 Cor.15.28.)
9. 2-13; Lk. 9. 28-36).
c Omit “ Jesus.’*
20 Then 2!>charged he his disciples d Mt.17.12.
that they should tell no man that 28 Verily I say unto you. There be
e v.16; John
he was cJesus the Christ. 13.36-38. some standing here, which shall not
f Satan. Mt. taste of death, till they see the Son
Christ foretells his death and\ 25.41. (Gen.3. of man coming in ‘•his ’"kingdom,
1; Rev.20.10.)
resurrection (Mk. 8. 31-38; Lk. g Gal.1.8;
<J. 22-27). John 18.10,11.
CHAPTER 17.
h Mk.8.34-38;
81 From that time forth began Lk.9.23-26; AND "after six days Jesus taketh
Peter, “James, and John his
Jesus to shew unto his disciples, 2 Cor.4.10,11.
how thatlhe mustXgo unto Jerusa¬ » Mk.8.36,37;
Lk.12.20,21;
brother, and bringeth them up into
lem, and ‘•suffer many things of the Jas.5.1-6. an high mountain apart,
elders and chief priests and scribes, j i.e. /cosmos = 2 And 3was ^transfigured before
world-system.
and be killed, and be raised again k Rewards. Mk. them: and his face did shine as the
the third day. 9.41. (Dan.12.
sun, and his raiment was white as
22 Then Peter took him, and be¬ 3; 1 Cor.3.14.) the light.
gan to 'rebuke him, saying, Be it! I Judgments 3 And, behold, there appeared
(the seven).
far from thee. Lord: this shall not] Mt.25.31-46. unto them «Moses and Elias talking
be unto thee. (2 Sam.7.14; with "him.
Rev.20.12.) 4 Then answered Peter, and said
23 But he turned, and said unto] mKingdom{N.
Peter, Get thee behind me, 'Satan: T.). Mt.17.1- unto Jesus, Lord, it is good for us to
thou art an ^offence unto me: for] 3.(Lk.l.31-33; be here: if thou wilt, let us make
thou savourest not the things thatj 1 Cor.15.24.) here three tabernacles; one for
w Mk.9.2-10;
be of God, but those that be of men. Lk.9.27-36. thee, and one for Moses, and one
24 Then said Jesus unto his dis¬ o See Mt.4. for Elias.
ciples, If any man will come after 21, note, 5 While he yet spake, behold, a
p Rev.1.13-
me, let him deny himself, and take 16; Heb.2.9; bright cloud overshadowed them:
ub~hl!r*,gTgss, and follow me~ 2 Cor.4.6. and behold a voice out of the cloud,
25 For whosoever will save his life q Resurrec¬ which said. This is my beloved
tion. Mt.
shall lose it: and whosoever will 22.23,28-31. 'Son, in whom I am well pleased;
lose his life for my sake shall (Job 19.25; hear, ye him.
find it. 1 Cor.15.52.) 6 And when the disciples heard
r Kingdom (N.
26 For what is a man 'profited, if I T.). vs.1-3; it. they fell on their face, and were
he shall gain the whole •’world, and Mt.19.27,28. sore afraid.
lose his own soul? or what shall a (Lk.1.31-33; 7 And Jesus came and touched
1 Cor.15.28.)
man give in exchange for his soul? s Mt.3.17; them, and said. Arise, and be not
27 For the Son of man shall come 1 Pet. 1.21. afraid.

1 Not the keys of the church, but of the kingdom of heaven in the sense of Mt.
13., i.e. the sphere of Christian profession. A key is a badge of power or authority
(cf. Isa. 22. 22; Rev. 3. 7). The apostolic history explains and limits this trust,
for it was Peter who opened the door of Christian opportunity to Israel on the day
of Pentecost (Acts 2. 38^2), and to Gentiles in the house of Cornelius (Acts 10.-
34-46). There was no assumption by Peter of any other authority (Acts 15. 7-n).
In the council James, not Peter, seems to have presided (Acts 15. 19; cf. Gal. 2.
11-15). Peter claimed no more for himself than to be an apostle by gift (1 Pet. 1.1),
and an elder by office (1 Pet. 5. 1).
The power of binding and loosing was shared (Mt. 18. 18; John 20. 23) by
the other disciples. That it did not involve the determination of the eternal des¬
tiny of souls is clear from Rev. 1. 18. The keys of death and the place of departed
spirits are held by Christ alone.
_ 1 2 The disciples had been proclaiming Jesus as the Christ, i.e. the covenanted
King of a kingdom promised to the Jews, and “at hand.” The church, on the con¬
trary, must be built upon testimony to Him as crucified, risen from the dead, as¬
cended, and made “Head over all things to the church” (Eph. 1. 20-23). The former
testimony was ended, the new testimony was not yet ready, because the blood
of the new covenant had not yet been shed, but our Lord begins to speak of His
death and resurrection (v. 21). It is a turning-point of immense significance.
3 The transfiguration scene contains, in miniature, all the elements of the futar.e
kingdom in manifestation: (1) The Lord, not in humiliation, but in glory (v-
1022
 17 8] St. MATTHEW. [17 27

g And when they had lifted up Jesus apart, and said. Why could
their eyes, they saw no man, save not we cast him out?
Jesus only. 20 And Jesus said unto them. Be¬
g And as they came down from cause of your ^unbelief: for verily
the mountain, Jesus charged them, I say unto you. If ye have Afaith as
sayiug* Tell the vision to no man,
saying, a grain of mustard~se£d7 ye shall
until the °Son of man be risen again say unto this' mountain. Remove
from the dead. hence to yonder place; and it shall
a_i _i_j _
10 And his disciples asked him, remove; and nothing _ shall
_ be im-
saying, 1 Why then say the scribes possible unto you.
that Elias must first come? 21 *Howbeit this kind goeth not
11 And Jesus answered and said c Mk.9.14-29; out but by Sprayer and fasting.
unto them, 6Elias truly shall first Lk.9.37-42;
Psa.72.4-6. Jesus again foretells his death
come, and restore all things.
12 But I say unto you. That Elias and resurrection (Mk. 9. 30-
is come already, and they knew him
not, but have done unto him what¬
soever they listed. Likewise shall e demon. Ml
also the Son of man suffer of them. 7.22, note.
13 Then the disciples understood f Miracles
that he spake unto them of John (N.T.). vs.
the Baptist. 14-18,24-27;
Mt.20.30-34.
The powerless disciples: the (Mt.8.2,3;
Acts 28.8,9.)
mighty Christ (Mk. 9. 14-29;
Lk. 9. 37-43). g Lit. little
faith. Mt.
14 And cwhen they were come to 16.8; 21.21;
the multitude, there came to him a Lk.17.6.
certain man, kneeling down to him,
and saying,
15 Lord, have mercy on my son:
for he is lunatick, and sore vexed:
for ofttimes he falleth into the fire,
and oft into the water.
16 And I brought him to thy dis¬
ciples, and they could not cure
him.
17 Then Jesus answered and said, k Mt.16.21;
0 faithless and perverse generation, Mk.9.30-32;
how long shall I be with you? how Lk.9.43-45.
long shall I suffer you? bring him
hither to <*me.
18 And Jesus rebuked the *devil;
and he departed out of him: and
fthe child was cured from that very
hour.
19 Then came the disciples to

(2) Moses, glorified, representative of the redeemed who have passed through death
into the kingdom (Mt. 13. 43; cf. Lk. 9. 30, 31). (3) Elijah, glorified, representa¬
tive of the redeemed who have entered the kingdom by translation (1 Cor. 15.
50-53; 1 Thes. 4. 14-17). (4) Peter, James, and John, not glorified, representatives
(for the moment) of Israel in the flesh in the future kingdom (Ezk. 37. 21-27). # (5)
The multitude at the foot of the mountain (v. 14), representative of the nations
who are to be brought into the kingdom after it is established over Israel (Isa. 11.
10-12, etc.).
1 Cf. Mt. 11. 14; Mk. 9. 11, 12, 13; Lk. 1. 17; Mai. 3. 1; 4. 5, 6. All the passages
must be construed together. (1) Christ confirms the specific and still unfulfilled
Prophecy of Mai. 4. 5, 6: “Elias shall truly first come and restore all things.” Here,
|s in Malachi, the prediction fulfilled in John the Baptist, and that yet to be ful¬
filled in Elijah, are kept distinct. (2) But John the Baptist had come already,
and with a ministry so completely in the spirit and power of Elijah’s future min¬
istry (Lk. 1. 17) that in an adumbrative and typical sense it could be said: “Elias
js come already.” Cf. Mt. 10. 40; Phm. 12, 17, where the same thought of identi¬
fication, while yet preserving personal distinction, occurs (cf. John 1. 27).
1023
thou shalt find a piece of money:
that take, and give unto them for verily I say unto you, he rejoiceS
me and thee. 6-48- more of that sheep, than of J*1
!, note, njnety and nine which went jw
CHAPTER 18. Psa astray. _ '
14 Even so it is not the will of y0to
The sermon on (he child-text to Father which is in heaven, that one
(Mk. 9. 33-37; Lk. 9. 46-48). 42*Lk these little ones should perish. **
A T the same time came the dis¬
ciples unto Jesus, saying, “Who OS =»
Discipline in the future church
“•
is the greatest in the '’kingdom of »4- 15 Moreover if thy ^brother shall
heaven? ^trespass against thee, go and tell
2 And Jesus called a little “child 43-48. him his fault between thee and him
unto him, and set him in the midst ster- alone: if he shall hear thee, thou
of them, vs.8,9. hast gained thy brother.
3 And said. Verily I say unto you. 16 But if he will not hear thee,
Except ye be converted, and be¬ then take with thee one or two
came, as. little children, ye'sKairhot more, that in the mouth of "two or
enter into the kingdom of heaven. three witnesses every word may be
4 Whosoever therefore shall hum¬ established.
ble himself as this little child, the 17 And if he shall neglect to hear
same is greatest in the kingdom of them, tell it unto the “church: but if
heaven. he neglect to hear the church, let
5 And whoso shall receive one him be unto thee as an 'heathen
such little child in my name man and a publican.
receiveth me. 18 Verily I say unto you. Whatso¬
6 But whoso shall ^offend one of ever ye shall “bind on earth shall
these little ones which believe in be bound in heaven: and whatso¬
me, it were better for him that a ever yeshall loose on earth shall be
millstone were hanged about his loosed in heaven.
neck, and that he were drowned in 19 Again I say unto you. That if
the depth of the sea. two of you shall "agree on earth as
7 Woe unto the “world because of Mt.26.1-i6. touching any thing that they shall
offences! for it must needs be that ask, it shall be done for them of
offences come; but woe to that man 29-n ) *’ my Father which is in heaven.
by whom the offence cometh! 0 Lk.i3.4-7. -“The lest form of a local
8 Wherefore rif thy hand or thy p Lk.17.3,4; church.
foot offend thee, cut them off, and
cast them from thee: it is better for 20 For “where two or three are
thee to enter into £life halt or 4 23 ™te gathered together in my name,
maimed, rather than having two rMt.1e.19. there am I in the midst of them.
hands or two feet to be cast into s Or,assembly. Thelawof forgiveness (Lk. 17.3,4).
-'■everlasting fire. * Cor.3.3-5;
9 And if thine eye offend thee, , th'e bentile 21 Then came Peter to him, and
pluck it out, and cast it from thee: a„d the tax said. Lord, how “oft shall my
it is better for thee to enter into gatherer. brother >sin against me, and I “for¬
life with one eye, rather than hav- ȴl-16A9i, give him? till seven times?
ing two eyes to be cast into 'hell 20' • 22 Jesus saith unto him, I say not
fire. ol Pet.3.7. unto thee, Until seven times: but,
10 Take heed that ye despise not m Acts 20.7; Until ““seventy times seven.
one of these little ones; for I say 1 Cor.14.26. 23 Therefore is the 6kingdom of
unto you. That in heaven their * £f.v.i5;. heaven likened unto a certain king,
r’angels do always behold the face y Komi. 23, which would &Hake account of his
of my Father which is in heaven. note. servants.
24 And when he had begun to
The lost sheep: the seeking 2 reckon, one was brought unto him,
Lord. (Cf. Lk. 15. 3-7.) 35- Mk.2.5-
which owed him ten thousand tal¬
' . 10. (Lev.4.
11 For the *Son of man is come to 20-, Mt.26. ents.
zsave that which was mlost. 280 25 But forasmuch as he had “not
12 How think ye? "if a man have ?? 5f*78*4.0- to pay, his lord commanded him to
an °hundred sheep, and one of them settlement be sold, and his wife, and children,
be gone astray, doth he not leave with. and all that he had, and payment
the ninety and nine, and goeth into cc Rom.3.19, to be made.
the mountains, and seeketh that 20; 5*8, 26 The servant therefore fe“
which is gone astray? down, and worshipped him, saying-
1024
 St. MATTHEW.

fjord, have patience with me, and I

iwill pay thee all.
27 Then the lord of that servant a Lk.15.19;
waS moved with compassion, and Ezk.18.21.
b Eph.1.7.
loosed him, and ^forgave him the c denarius —
debt. 7 1-2 pence;
15 cents.
28 But the same servant went
d Eph.4.31,32;
oUt, and found one of his fellowser- Col.3.12,13.
vants, which owed him an hundred e Lk.7.41-43.
fpence: and he laid hands on him, / The ground
of law, of ex¬
^d took him by the throat, say¬ act justice. 8 He saith unto them, °Moses be¬
ing, Pay me that thou owest. Cf.grace, cause of the ^hardness of your
29 And his fellowservant fell Rom.3.23, hearts suffered you to put away
24; Eph.4.
down at his feet, and besought him, 30; also John your wives: but from the beginning
saying. Have patience with me, and 1.17, note, it was not so.
1 will pay thee all. g Mk.10.1-
12; John 10.
9 And I say unto you, «Whoso-
30 And he dwould not: but went 40. See also ever shall put away his wife, ex¬
and cast him into prison, till he Mt.7.28. cept it be for fornication, and shall
should pay the debt. h Mt.4.23; marry another, committeth adul¬
12.15; Mk.
31 So when his fellowservants 7.23-25.
tery: and whoso marrieth her
saw what was done, they were very * Temptation. which is put away doth commit
sorry, and came and told unto their Mt.22.18. adultery.
(Gen.3.1;
lord all that was done. Jas.1.14.)
10 His disciples say unto him. If
32 Then his lord, after that he j Mt.5.31; the case of the man be so with hia
had called him, said unto him, O 1 Cor.7.10-16. wife, it is not good to marry.
k Gen.1.27;
thou wicked servant, el forgave thee 2.23,24.
11 But he said unto them, rAU
all that debt, because thou desiredst men cannot receive this saying,
me: is significant save they to whom it is given.
as Jesus’
33 Shouldest not thou also have confirmation
12 For there are some eunuchs,
had compassion on thy fellowser¬ of the Gene¬ which were so born from their
vant, even as I had pity on thee? sis narrative mother’s womb: and there are some
of creation.
34 And his lord was wroth, and I Inspiration.
eunuchs, which were made eunuchs
delivered him to the /tormentors, vs.4-8; Mt. of men: and there be eunuchs,
till he should pay all that was due 22.31,32. which have 5made themselves eu¬
(Ex.4.15;
unto him. Rev.22.19.)
nuchs for the ^kingdom of heaven’s
35 So likewise shall my heavenly m Gen.2.23; sake. He that is able to receive it,
Father do also unto you, if ye from Eph.5.29- let him receive it.
32; 1 Cor.
your hearts forgive not every one 6.16. Jesus receives and blesses little
his brother their trespasses. n Deut.24.
children (Mk. 10. 13-ie; Lk. 18.
1-4.
o Thus con¬ 15-17).
firming the
Mosaic 13 Then were there brought unto
authorship him little children, that he should
of Deut.
p Rom.8.3;
put his hands on them, and pray:
Heb.3.15; and the disciples rebuked them.
7.18.19. 14 But Jesus said. Suffer little
q Mt.5.32; children, and forbid them not, to
Lk.16.18;
1 Cor.7.10, come unto me: for “of such is the
11. But see 'kingdom of heaven.
v.ll; 1 Cor. 15 And he laid his hands on them,
7.7. Cf.
John 16.12. and departed thence.
r John 16.12.
5 1 Cor.7.7, The rich young ruler (Mk. 10.
8
. Cf.l Tim. 17-30; Lk. 18. 18-301 cf. Lk. 10.
4.1-3.
* Mt.3.2,
25-30).
note, 16 And, behold, one came and
u Mt.18.3;
1 Pet.2.21 said unto him. Good Master, what
v Life (eter¬ good thing shall I do, that I may
nal). vs. 16, have •’eternal life?
17,29; Mt.
25.46. (Mt. 17 And he said unto him. Why
7.14; Rev. callest thou me good? there is none
22.19. ) good but one, that is, God: but if
w Lk.10.25-28.
Cf.Rom.3. [thou wilt enter into life, “keep the
19; 10.1-4. commandments.
I 18 He saith unto him. Which?-
1025
 St. MATTHEW.
Jesus said, ‘■Thou shalt do no mur¬ 30 "But many that are first shall
der, Thou shalt not commit adul¬ be last; and the last shall be first.1 2 * *
tery, Thou shalt not steal. Thou aEx.20.13.
b Ex.20.12;
shalt not bear false witness, Eph.6.1,2. CHAPTER 20.
19 ^Honour thy father and thy c Lev.19.18;
mother: and, ‘Thou shalt love thy Lk.10.29-
37: Rom.13.9 Parable of the labourers in the
neighbour as thyself. i Phil.3.6,7; vineyard.
20 The young man saith unto contra vs.
him. All these things have I ‘'kept 7-9.
from my youth up: what lack I 48, note.
e See Mt.5.
F OR the kingdom of heaven i8
°like unto a man that is an
yet? / Mk. 10.23- householder, which went out early
21 Jesus said unto him. If thou 27; Lk.18. in the morning to hire labourers
24-27; Jas.
wilt be “perfect, go and sell that 5.1- 3. into his Pvineyard.
thou hast, and give to the poor, and g Mt.3.2, 2 And when he had agreed with
thou shalt have treasure in heaven: note. the labourers for a penny a day, he
h Rom.1.16,
and come and follow me. note. Cf.
sent them into his vineyard.
22 But when the young man heard Mt.13.3-9. 3 And he went out about the third
that saying, he went away sorrow¬ i Gen. 18.14; hour, and saw ^others standing
Ex.14.13;
ful: for he had great possessions. Jer.32.17;
idle in the marketplace,
23 Then said Jesus unto his disci¬ Mk.IO.27. 4 And said unto them; Go ye also
ples, Verily I say unto you. That a j Christ (Sec¬ into the vineyard, and whatsoever
ond Advent).
/rich man shall hardly enter into Mt.23.39. is right I will give you. And they
the ‘kingdom of heaven. (Deut.30.3; went their way.
24 And again I say unto you. It Acts 1.9-11.) 5 Again he went out about the
k See Mt.25.
is easier for a camel to go through 31; Rev.3. sixth and ninth hour, and did like¬
the eye of a needle, than for a rich 21. Cf.Lk. wise.
man to enter into the kingdom of 1.31- 33. 6 And about the eleventh hour he
I Kingdom
God. (N.T.). V3.
went out, and found others standing
25 When his disciples heard it, 27,28. Mt. idle, and saith unto them, rWhy
they were exceedingly amazed, say¬ 21.1- 11. (Lk. stand ye here all the day idle?
1.31- 33;
ing, Who then can be ''saved? 1 Cor.15.24.)
7 They say unto him. Because no
26 But Jesus beheld them, and m Mk.10.29; man hath hired us. He saith unto
said unto them. With men this is Lk.18.29. them. Go ye also into the vineyard;
Cf.Heb.ll.
•impossible; but with God all things 36-40; 1 Pet. and whatsoever is right, that shall
are possible. I. 3-5. ye receive.
n Mt.21.31. 8 So when 5even was come, the
The apostles’ future place in the 0 Parables lord of the vineyard saith unto his
kingdom. (N.T.). vs.
steward. Call the labourers, and
1-16; Mt.21.
27 Then answered Peter and said 28-32. (Mt. give them their hire, beginning
5.13-16; Lk.
unto him, Behold, we have forsaken 21.29-31.) from the last unto the first.
all, and followed thee; what shall P Isa.5.7; 9 And when they came that were
we have therefore? Mt.21.28-33; hired about the eleventh hour, they
John 15.1-5.
28 And Jesus said unto them, Cf.Mt.28. 'received every man a penny.
Verily I say unto you, That ye 19, note, 10 But when the first came, they
which have followed me, in the ire- q Lk.14.21; supposed that they should have re¬
Mt.21.43.
generation -'when the Son of man r Mk.13.34; ceived more; and they likewise
shall sit in the ^'throne of his glory, John 9.4; received every man a penny.
ye also shall sit upon twelve 1 Cor.12. 11 And when they had received
thrones, fudging the twelve tribes s 27-11. Cor.5.10.
it, they “murmured against the
of Israel. t 1 Cor.3.14, goodman of the house,
29 And "every one that hath for¬ note; 9.24; 12 Saying, These last have
2 Tim.4.7,8.
saken houses, or brethren, or sis¬ u Rom.14.10, wrought but one hour, and thou
ters, or father, or mother, or wife, or II. hast made them ^equal unto us,
children, or lands, for my name’s v Lk.17.7- which have borne the burden and
sake, shall receive an hundredfold, 10; 1 Cor. heat of the day.
9.16,17. 13 But he answered one of them,
and shall inherit everlasting life.

1 Gr. palingenesia = “re-creation,” “making new.” The word occurs once

again, in Tit. 3. 5. There it refers to the new birth of a believing person; here to
the re-creation of the social order, and renewal of the earth (Isa. 11. 6-9; Rom. 8.
19-23) when the kingdom shall come. (See “Kingdom (O.T.),” Zech. 12. 8, note;
1 Cor. 15. 24, note.)
2 Disclosing how the promise (Isa. 1. 26) will be fulfilled when the kingdom is
set up. The kingdom will be administered over Israel through the apostles, ac¬
cording to the ancient theocratic judgeship (Jud. 2. is).
1026
 St. MATTHEW.

| gpd said. Friend, I do thee no a.d. 33.given to them for whom it is pre¬
throng: didst not thou agree with pared of my Father.
me for a penny? J Snmo 24 And when the ten heard it,
14 Take that thine is, and go thy b 22.14, Ws.they were moved with "indignation
_,ay: I will give unto this last, even
cMt.16.21. against the two brethren.
as unto thee. d Mt.26.47-S7. 25 But Jesus called them unto
Sl5 Is it not lawful for me to do /Mt'2^67,68. him, and said. Ye know that the
.what I will with mine own? Is g Mt.27.26! princes of the Gentiles exercise do¬
thine eye evil, because I am good? A.J*t.27.3S. minion over them, and they that
16 So the 'last shall be first, and jcf.Mk.io. are great exercise authority upon
the first last: for many be called, 35I37. them.
but few chosen. k 26 But it shall "not be so among
you: but whosoever will be great
Jesus again foretells his death 1
among you, let him be y.Qur25sms-
and resurrection (Mk. 10. 32- ter;
34; Lk. 18. 31-34. See Mt. 12. 22!41,42;'
27 And whosoever will be chief
38-42; 16. 21-28; 17. 22, 23). Joh" 18i1;
Isa.53.4-6; among you, let him be your «ser-
17 And Jesus going up to Jerusa- 2 Cor.5.2i; vant:
lem took the twelve disciples apart 28 Even as the ’Son of man came
in the way, and said unto them, 3.18. not to be ministered unto, but to
18 cBehold, we go up to Jerusa- w Lk.22.23-27. minister, and to give his life a Ran¬
lem; and the ^Son of man shall be 0 som for many.
betrayed unto the chief priests and p servant.'
unto the scribes, and they shall 1 Cor.9.19-22. The healing of two blind men
(Mk. 10. 46-52. Cf. Lk. 18. 35-43).
condemn him to death, q ser‘
19 And shall deliver him to the rMt.8.20, 29 And as they 'departed from
'Gentiles to /mock, and to ^scourge, note. Jericho, a great multitude followed
and to ^crucify him: and the third ,£53.10n- him.
day he shall ‘rise again. Mt.20.22’, 30 And, behold, 'two blind men
sitting by the way side, when they
James and John, through their Ex.i4.30,
mother, make an ambitious note; isa.59. heard that Jesus passed by, cried
out, saying. Have mercy on us, O
request (Mk. 10. 35-15). Rom.3.24.
Lord, thou “son of David.
20 Then came to him the -'mother (g°Mk.io. 31 And the multitude rebuked
of Zebedee’s children with her sons, 46-52; Lk! them, because they should hold
worshipping him, and desiring a 18.35-43. their peace: but they cried the
certain thing of him. “ ?7?S;7rq4' more, saying, Have mercy on us,
21 And he said unto her, What 3-5,19-37;' O Lord, thou son of David.
wilt thou? She saith unto him, isa.11.10-12; 32 And Jesus stood still, and
Grant that these my '"'two sons may 25- called them, and said, ‘What will
sit, the one on thy right hand, and Lk.i.3i,32; ye that I shall do unto you?
the other on the left, in thy 'king- Acts 15.14-17. 33 They say unto him. Lord, that
dom. "jJtaS5 6: our eyes may be opened.
22 But Jesus answered and said, ,Ait.9.36’; 34 So Jesus had “compassion on
Ye know not what ye ask. Are ye 14.14; 15.32; them, and touched their eyes: and
able to drink of the ’"cup that I x "immediately their eyes received
shall drink of, and to be baptized (n.t.). vs.30- sight, and they followed him.
with the baptism that I am baptized 34; Mt.21.
with? They say unto him. We are 872'232.'Arty's, CHAPTER 21.
able. a|9.’) ’ The King’s public offer of him¬
23 And he saith unto them. Ye > vs.1-9; self as King (Zech. 9. 9; Mk.
shall drink indeed of my cup, and crZcch it 11. 1-10; Lk. 19. 29-38).
be baptized with the baptism that 4.9. The two
I am baptized with: but to sit on advents are A ND when they drew Thigh unto
Jerusalem, and were come to
my right hand, and on my left, is ““Hi'S”8
not mine to give, but it shall be Bethphage, unto the mount of
21 2] St. MATTHEW. [2127

Olives, then sent Jesus two dis¬ A.D. 33. 16 And said unto him, Hearest
ciples, thou what these say? And JeSUj
a Psa.50.10.
2 Saying unto them. Go into the b Christ (.First saith unto them. Yea; have y,:.
village over against you, and Advent). Mt. never read, 'Out of the mouth 0f
(Gen.3. babes and sucklings thou hast per.
straightway ye shall find an ass 21.42. 15; Acts 1,9.)
tied, and a colt with her: loose c Kingdom (N. fected praise?
them, and bring them unto me. T.). vs.1-11; 17 And he ’"left them, and went
3 And if any man say ought unto Mt.21.33-43. out of the city into “Bethany; and
(Lk.1.31-33;
you, ye shall say. The Lord hath 1 Cor.15.24.) he lodged there.
"need of them; and straightway he d Cf.Mt.27.22;
Psa.118.26. The barren H&jtxee cursed (Mk.
will send them. e i.e. Jehovah,
4 All this was done, that it might f Cf.v.9. 20~24)-
be fulfilled which was spoken by g Lk. 19.45; 18 Now in the morning as he re-
Mk.ll.15-18.
the prophet, saying. Cf.John 2. turned into the city, he "hungered.
5 Tell ye the daughter of Sion, 13-25, which 19 And when he saw a *fig tree in
^Behold, thy cKing cometh unto introduced, the way, he came to it, and found
thee, meek, and sitting upon an ass, as this cleans- nothing thereon, but leaves only,
ing closed, the
and a colt the foal of an ass. offer of Christ] and said unto it. Let no fruit grow
6 And the disciples went, and did to Israel as on thee henceforward for ever.
as Jesus commanded them, King.
h Isa.56.7. And presently the fig tree ^withered
7 And brought the ass, and the] i Jer.7.11. away.
colt, and put on them their clothes, j Cf.Lk.14.21; 20 And when the disciples saw it,
and they set him thereon. Acts 3.1-10.
k See Mt.20.30, they marvelled, saying, How soon
8 And a very great multitude refs. is the fig tree withered away!
spread their garments in the way; I Psa.8.2. 21 Jesus answered and said unto
others cut down branches from the m John 11.54. them. Verily I say unto you. If ye
n John 11.1,2;
trees, and strawed them in the way. Lk. 10.39-42. have “faith, and doubt not, ye shall
9 And the multitudes that went Cf. Mk.ll. not only do this which is done to
before, and that followed, cried, 1-11; Lk.19. the fig tree, but also if ye shall say
29-35; John
saying, ^Hosanna to the son of| 12.1-8. With unto this mountain. Be thou re¬
David: Blessed is he that cometh no other place moved, and be thou cast into the
in the name of the "Lord; Ho¬ is the human sea; it shall be done.
Christ so ten¬
sanna in the highest. derly associ¬ 22 And “all things, whatsoever ye
10 And when he was come into ated, while it shall ask in prayer, believing, ye
Jerusalem, all the city was moved, also was the shall receive.
place of mani¬
saying. Who is this? festation of
11 And the /multitude said. This His divine Jesus' authority questioned
is Jesus the prophet of Nazareth of | power (John (Mk. 11. 27-33; Lk. 20. l-s)..
11.43,44).
Galilee. o John 4.6;
Mk.11.12-14. 23 And when he was come into
Jesus9 second purification of the p Lit. a soli¬ the temple, the chief priests and the
temple (Mk. 11. 15-is; Lk. 19, tary fig tree. elders of the people came unto him
45-47. Cf. John 2. 13-16). Lk. 13.6-9.
The withered as he was teaching, and said. By
12 And Jesus went into the tem¬ fig tree is a what 'authority doest thou these
ple of God, and *cast out all them parabolic mir¬ things? and who gave thee this
acle concern-
that sold and bought in the temple, ina Israel (Lk. authority?
and overthrew the tables of the 13.6-9). Cf. 24 And Jesus answered and said
Mt.24.32,33;a| unto them, I also will ask you one
moneychangers, and the seats of prophecy that
them that sold doves, Israel shall thing, which if ye tell me, I in like
13 And said unto them. It is writ¬ again bud. wise will tell you by what authority
q Miracles (N. I do these things.
ten, AMy house shall be called the T.). vs.18-22.
house of prayer; but 'ye have made Mk.1.23-26. 25 The “baptism of John, whence
it a den of thieves. (Mt£.2,3; was it? from heaven, or of men?
Acts 28.8,9.)
14 And the /blind and the lame r Mt.l7.20;Mk. And they reasoned with themselves,
came to him in the temple; and he 11.23; Lk.17. saying. If we shall say. From
healed them. 6; 1 Cor.13.2. heaven; he will say unto us. Why
15 And when the chief priests and r Mt.7.7-11; did ye not then believe him?
John 15.7;
scribes saw the wonderful things 1 John5.14,15. 26 But if we shall say. Of men;
that he did, and the children crying t Mk.ll.27-33; we “fear the people; for all hold
in the temple, and saying, /Hosanna Lk.20.1-8. John as a prophet, ,
u John 1.19-28.
to the &son of David; they were v Cf.v.46. See 27 And they answered Jesus, and
sore displeased. Prov.29.25. j said. We cannot tell. And he said

1 The King’s final and official offer of Himself according to Zech. 9.9. Acclaimed by
an unthinking multitude whose real belief is expressed in verse 11, but with no welcome
1028
 St. MATTHEW.

to them, “Neither tell I you by 39 And they caught him. and cast
JJftat authority I do these things. him out of the vineyard, and slew
him.
parable of the two sons.
40 When the lord therefore of the
28 But what think ye? 6A cer¬ vineyard cometh, what will he do
tain man had two sons; and he vs. 28-32: Mt.21. unto those husbandmen?
caffle to the first, and said. Son, go 33-43; 22.2-14.
(Mt.5.13-16; 41 'They say unto him. He will
work to day in my “vineyard. Lk.21.29-31.) miserably destroy those wicked
«S*e Mt.20. men. and will let out his vineyard
29 He answered and said, X will 1, "vine¬
not: but afterward he 4repented, yard,” refs. unto other husbandmen, which shall
and went. | dCf.Lk.15.20, the render him the fruits in their sea¬
other perfect
30 And he came to the second, illustration of re¬ sons.
and said likewise. And he answered pentance. See
Acts 17-30, note.
42 Jesus saith unto them. Did ye
and said, I go, sir: and went “not. «Mt.7.21-23; 15.8. never “read in the scriptures. The
31 Whether of them twain did the /See Rom. 10, “stone which the builders “rejected,
will of his father? They say unto 10, “right- the same is become the head of the
him, The first. Jesus saith unto comer. this is the '’Lord’s doing,
them, Verily I say unto you. That and it is marvellous in our eyes?
the publicans and the harlots go 43 Therefore say I unto ‘you, The
into the kingdom of God before you. Irkingdom of God shall be taken
from you, and given to a nation
bringing forth the fruits thereof.
44 “And whosoever shall fall on
this 2stone shall be broken: but on
ye, when ye had seen it, repented Z carls, whomsoever it shall fall, it will
not afterward, that ye might be- stone grind him to powder, pp,, . 7.
lieve him. £cJsp 45 And when the chief priests
and Pharisees had heard his para¬
Parable of the householder de- °Sf,- bles, they perceived that he spake
manding fruit from his vine- «;<»>-
of them.
yard (Mk. 12 1-9; Lk. 20. 9-19. 46 But when they sought to lay
Cf. Isa. 5.1-7). Psa.11 hands on him, they 'feared the
33 Hear another parable: There "linJE multitude, because they took him
was a certain householder, which c'fj^ for a prophet.
planted p “vineyard, and hedged it norm
round about, and digged a wine- CHAPTER 22.
press in it, and built a tower, and (util
Parable of the marriage feast
let it out to ^husbandmen, and went 'Co,H
(Lk. 14. 16-24).
into a far country:
34 And when the ‘time of the
flits <

fruit drew near, he sent his servants fiTth

A ND Jesus answered and spake
unto them again by “parables,
to the husbandmen, that they might j£*j J and said,
receive the fruits of it. but or 2 The “kingdom of heaven is
35 And the husbandmen took his '1711. “like unto a certain king, which
servants, and beat one, and killed g™*; made a marriage for his son,
another, and stoned another . J nowet 3 And sent forth his servants to
36 Again, he sent other servants gj™" call them that were bidden to the
more than the first: and they did note>. wedding: and they would not come.
unto them likewise. 4 Again, he sent forth other ser¬
37 But last of all he Sent unto uM’tI3 vants, saying. Tell them which are
them his Ison, saying. They will „mi.3.: bidden. Behold, I have prepared my
reverence my son. wPara, dinner: my oxen and. my failings
38 But when the husbandmen are killed, and all things are ready:
saw the son, they said among them- (mVs come unto the marriage.
selves. This is the Aheir; come, let 5 But they made light of it, and
us kill him, and let us seize on his went their ways, one to his farm,
inheritance. another to his merchandise:

from the official representatives of the nation, He was soon to hear the multitude
shout: “Crucify Him.”
1 Note that Matthew here as in verse 31 uses the larger word, kingdom of God.
(Cf. Mt. 6. 33, note.) The kingdom of heaven (Mt. 3. 2, note; 1 Cor. 15. 24, sum¬
mary) will yet be set up. Meantime the kingdom of God and His righteousness is
taken from Israel nationally and given to the Gentiles (Rom. 9. 30-33)
2 Christ as the “Stone” is revealed in a threefold way: (1) To Israel Christ,
1029
22 6] St. MATTHEW [22 34
6 And the remnant took his ser¬ A.D. 33. is this image and superscrin
vants, and entreated them spite¬ tion?
fully, and slew them. Fulfilled as to
21 They say unto him, Caesar’s
7 But when the king heard there¬ Jerusalem A.D. Then saith he unto them, mRender
70. Lk.21.20-24.
of, he was wroth: and he sent forth therefore unto Caesar the things
his armies, and destroyed those ft The world-wide
call. Mt.28.16-20;|
which are Caesar’s; and unto "God
murderers, and "burned up their Rev.22.17. the things that are God’s.
city. Acts 28.28. 22 When they had heard these
8 Then saith he to his servants. [d Mt. 13.47. words, they marvelled, and left
The wedding is ready, but they Rom.10.1-3; him. and went their way.
which were bidden were not worthy. contra. Phil.
9 bGo ye therefore into the high¬ 3.7-9. Jesus answers the Sadducee9
ways, and as many as ye shall find, (Mk. 12. 18-27; Lk. 20. 27-38).
bid to the marriage. 23 The same day came to him the
10 So those servants went out into ft Mt.20.16; Isa.65. Sadducees, which say that there is
the "highways. and gathered to¬ 2; Mt.23.37; no °resurrection, and asked him,
gether all as many as they found, Rom.8.30. 24 Saying, Master, Moses said, f>If
/both bad and good: and the wed¬ classes, vs. 15-40, a man die, having no children, his
In the different
ding was furnished with guests. Jesus meets rep- brother shall marry his wife, and
resentativesof all | raise up seed unto his brother.
11 And when the king came in to Israel, Pharisees.
see the guests, he saw there a man Sadducees, Hero- 25 «Now there were with us seven
dians (Mt.3.7,
which had not on a wedding gar¬ no/e). For them, brethren; and the first, when he
ment: silenced but un¬ had married a wife, deceased, and,
repentant, no
12 And he saith unto him. Friend, message is left having no issue, left his wife unto
how earnest thou in hither not hav¬ but ‘‘woe''
(Mt.23).
his brother:
ing a 'wedding garment? And he |i Cf.Mk.8.15. 26 Likewise the second also, and
was /speechless. the third, unto the seventh.
13 Then said the king to the ser¬ jfcCf.Mt.17.24-27. 27 And last of all the woman died
vants, Bind him hand and foot, and I Temptation.
Mt.26.41. (Gen.
also.
take him away, and cast him into 3.1; Jas.1.14.) 28 Therefore in the resurrection
router darkness; there shall be «1 Pet.2.13-17. whose wife shall she be of the
weeping and gnashing of teeth. seven? for they all had her.
14 For ''many are called, but few 29 Jesus answered and said unto
are chosen. o Resurrection. them, rYe do err, not knowing the
vs.23.28-31; Mt.
27.52,53. (Job 19.
scriptures, nor the power of God.
Jesus answers the Herodians 25; 1 Cor. 15.52.) 30 For in the ^resurrection they
(Mk. 12. 13-17; Lk. 20. 20-26). neither marry, nor are given in
marriage, but are 'as the angels of
15 'Then went the Pharisees, and God in heaven.
took counsel how they might en¬ ■ Or, ye deceive 31 But as touching the resurrec¬
yourselves, etc.
tangle him in his talk. Jesus' answer tion of the dead, have ye not read
16 And they sent out unto him gives the three “that which was spoken unto you
their disciples with the /Herodians, incapacities of
the rationalist: by God, saying,
saying, Master, we know that thou self-deception
(Rom. 1.21,22);
32 *1 am the God of Abraham, and
art true, and teachest the way of ignorance of the the God of Isaac, and the God of
God in truth, neither carest thou for of Scripture
spiritual content
Jacob? God is not the God of the
any man: for thou regardest not (Acts 13.27); dis¬ dead, but of the living.
belief in the in¬
the person of men. tervention of 33 And when the multitude heard
17 Tell us therefore. What thick¬ divine power
(2 Pet.3.5-9).
this. they were astonished at his
est thou? Is it lawful to give fetrib- doctrine.
Mt.27.52,53.
ute unto Caesar, or not?
18 But Jesus perceived their wick¬ tHeb.1.4, note Jesus answers the Pharisees
edness, and said, Why 'tempt ye »Inspiration. (Mk. 12. 28-34. Cf. Lk. 10. 25-28).
vs. 31,32; Mt.24;
me, ye hypocrites? 15,37-39. (Ex.4. 34 But when the Pharisees had
19 Shew me the tribute money. 15; Rev.22.19.) heard that he had put the Saddu¬
And they brought unto him a penny. cees to silence, they were gathered
20 And he said unto them. Whose together.

coming not as a splendid monarch but in the form of a servant, is a stumbling-stone

and rock of offence (Isa. 8. 14, 15; Rom. 9. 32, 33; 1 Cor. 1. 23; 1 Pet. 2. s); (2)t0
the church, Christ is the foundation-stone and the head of the comer (1 Cor.
u; Eph. 2. 20-22; 1 Pet. 2. 4, 5); (3) to the Gentile world-powers (see “Gentiles,” L*-
21. 24; Rev. 16. 19) He is to be the smiting-stone of destruction (Dan. 2. 34). Isr.a®
stumbled over Christ; the church is built upon Christ; Gentile world-dominio
will be broken by Christ. (See “Armageddon,” Rev. 16. 14; 19. 19.)
1030
 St. MATTHEW.

35 Then one of them, which was 7 And greetings in the markets,

a ^lawyer, asked him a question, and to be called of men. Rabbi,
tempting him, and saying, Rabbi.
36 Master, which is the 6great,a Cf.Lk. 10.25. 8 But be not ye called Rabbi: for
rjmmandment in the claw? ,
j»CLLk. 10.27.
one is your ^Master, even Christ;
37 Jesus said unto him. Thou and all ye are brethren.
e Law (of Moses)
shalt Jlove the eLord thy God with e vs.36-39. Lk.1.6. 9 And call no man your ^father
all thy heart, and with all thy soul, • (Ex. 19.1; Gal.3.
1-29.)
upon the earth: for one is your
and with all thy mind. Father, which is in heaven.
<*Deut.6.5; Rom.
38 This is the first and great com- . c 3.19; Gal.3.10. 10 'Neither be ye called masters:
liinandment. for one is your Master, even Christ.
39 And the second is like unto it, 11 But he that is greatest among
/Thou shalt love thy neighbour as //Lev. 19.18. CL you shall be your servant.
thyself. [ Lk. 10.29-37;
Rom.7.14,15. 12 And whosoever shall exalt him¬
40 On these two commandments ( self shall be abased; and he that
hang *all the law and the prophets. shall humble himself shall be ex¬
alted.
Jesus questions the PhariseesAACf.Mt.21.24;
John 19.7. Jesus
(Mk. 12. 35-37; Lk. 20. 41-44). question is not Jesus denounces woe upon the
personal but doc¬
trinal: “Whose Pharisees (Mk. 12. 38-40; Lk.
41 While the Pharisees were gath¬ son is the Mes¬
20. 47).
ered together, Jesus hasked them, siah?” CL Acts
2.25-36; Rom.l.
42 Saying, What think ye of 3.4. 13 But woe unto you, scribes and
Christ? whose son is he? They say *Lit. In the spirit. Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye shut
unto him. The son of David. Cf.Mk. 12.36; up the kingdom of heaven against
Acts 2.30.
43 He saith unto them. How then . men: for ye neither go in your¬
>’ Holy Spirit.
doth David fin -/spirit call him Lord,3 Mt.28.19. (Mt.l. selves, neither suffer ye them that
saying, 18; Acts 2.4.) are entering to go in.
44 *The Lord said unto my Lord,1 14 sWoe unto you, scribes and
Sit thou on my right hand, till I !'CL Ezra 7.6,25,26. Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye de¬
Jesus’ disciples
make thine enemies thy footstool? were to honour vour widows’ houses, and for a pre¬
45 If David then call him Lord, the law, but not tence make long prayer: therefore
the hypocritical
how is he his son? teachers of it. ye shall receive the greater ‘dam¬
46 And no man was able to answer "CLMt.11.29.30;
, nation.
him a word, neither durst any man Acts 15.10; Gal. 15 Woe unto you, scribes and
from that day forth ask him any 5.1; Col.2.16. Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye “com¬
more questions. ’ pass sea and land to make one
0< Passages of proselyte, and when he is made, ye
Scripture en¬
CHAPTER 23. closed in a small make him twofold more the child of
case, bound upon lhell than yourselves.
The marks of a Pharisee (Mk. 12. arm or forehead.
Deut.6.8. 16 Woe unto you, ye wblind
38^»o; Lk. 20. 45-47).
guides, which say. Whosoever shall
'T'HEN spake Jesus to the multi- < swear by the temple, it is nothing;
tude, and to his disciples, but whosoever shall swear by the
2 Saying, The scribes and the -’Lit. Neither may gold of the temple, he is a ^debt¬
ye be called
Pharisees ^sit in Moses’ seat: leaders, because or!
3 All therefore whatsoever they your leader is 17 Ye fools and blind: for whether
Christ.
bid you observe, that observe and is greater, the gold, or the temple
do; but do not ye after their works: 1 that ysanctifieth the gold?
for they say, and do not. 18 And, Whosoever shall swear by
4 For mthey bind heavy burdens trie altar, it is nothing; but who¬
and grievous to be borne, and lay 1 soever sweareth by the gift that is
them on men’s shoulders; but they \v* Gehenna.
Mt.5.22, note. upon it, he is guilty.
themselves will not move them t 19 Ye fools and blind: for whether
with one of their fingers. is greater, the gift, or the altar that
I 5 But all their works they do for A sanctifieth the gift?
*° nbe seen of men: they make 20 Whoso therefore.shall swear by
broad their °phylacteries, and en-»v Sanctify, holy the altar, sweareth by it. and by all
(things).
Jarge the borders of their garments, vs. 17-19; Mt.27. things thereon.
6 And love the uppermost rooms 53. (Mt.4.5; Rev.
22.11.)
21 And whoso shall swear by the
at feasts, and the chief seats in the temple, sweareth by it, and by him
synagogues. I that dwelleth therein.

1 Gr. nomikos, “of the law”; occurs also, Lk. 7. 3o; 10. 25; 11. 45. 46, 52; 14. 3;
/JfJ- 3. i3. Except in the last instance, “lawyer” is another name for “scribe”
2. 4, note). In Tit. 3. 13 the term has the modem meaning.
1031
23 22] St. MATTHEW. [24 4

22 And he that shall swear by a.d. 33. 35 That upon you may eomt «a]i
heaven, sweareth by the throne of the righteous blood shed upon the
God, and by him that sitteth there- «Lk.u.42;i8.i2. earth, from the blood of righteous
on. 41 Sam. 15.22; Isa. “Abel unto the blood of °Zacha.
23 Wee unto you, scribes and ,al17- rias son of Barachias, whom ye
Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye pay “train out. slew between the temple and the
“tithe of mint and anise and * Mk.7.4,8,9; Lk. altar.
cummin, and have omitted the 1139, °' 36 Verily I say unto you. All
‘weightier matters of the law, these things shall /come upon this
judgment, mercy, and faith: these /Lll Lawless_ generation.
ought ye to have done, and not to ness. Rom.3.23.
leave the other undone. noU’
The lament over Jerusalem
24 Ye blind guides, which strain ’ °“89'5'8; Lkn- (Lk. 13. 34, 35).
“at a gnat, and swallow a camel. ’ 37 O “Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou
25 Woe unto you, scribes and *Ac,s7-5 •52- that killest the prophets, and ston-
Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye make 'condemnation. est them which are sent unto thee.
clean the ‘'outside of the cup and of tv.15, ref. how often would 'I have gathered
the platter, but within they are full ‘The jaws' tre»t- thy children together, even as a
of extortion and excess. jostles !s“ hen gathereth her chickens under
26 Thou blind Pharisee, cleanse proved, vs.31-33. her wings, and ye would not!
first that which is within the cup ijohni6.2; a«s5. 38 Behold, your house is left: unto
and platter, that the outside of 40; 7'5i'6l>' you desolate.
them may be clean also. " Rev.i8.24. 39 For I say unto you. Ye shall
27 Woe unto you, scribes and »Jesus' confim». not see me henceforth, lstill ye
Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are SVf.Sii.a. shall say, '‘Blessed is he that com-
like unto 'whited sepulchres, which „2chr.24.2o.22. eth in the name of the Lord.
indeed appear beautiful outward, .
but are within full of dead ;s the way aiso of
men’s bones.and of all uncleanness.
28 Even so ye also outwardly ap- one generation
pear righteous unto men, but with- £5££“lb. The Olivet discourse: (1) de¬
in ye are full of hypocrisy and struction of the temple fore¬
/iniquity. destruction of
told (Mk. 13. 1, 2; Lk. 21. s, s).
29 Woe Unto you, scribes and
Pharisees, hypocrites! because ye
AND Jesus went out, and “de¬
parted from the temple: and his
«build the tombs of the prophets, 41,42.' ' ’ disciples came to him for to shew
and garnish the sepulchres of the , mi.11.28.30: him the buildings of the temple.
righteous, Jv.'m 10.30. 2 And Jesus said unto them. See
30 And say. If we had been in the • icmgdomat.T.t. ye not all these things? verily I say
days of our fathers, we would not Sifruiujr unto you, “There shall not be left
have been partakers with them in a;iCot.i5.»j here one stone upon another, that
the blood Of the prophets. 1 ChrtsHSecond shall not be thrown down.
31 Wherefore ye be witnesses un- ctST?doKo.'
to yourselves, that ye are the s; Acui.9-11. The Olivet discourse: (2) the
« Jesus leaves that threefold question (Mk. 13.
which He aban¬
dons to judg¬ 3, 4; Lk. 21. 7).
32 Fill ye up then the measure of ment. See Mk.
8.21,23, note, in 3 And “’as he sat upon the mount
your fathers. the light of Mt.
33 Ye serpents, ye generation of 11.21,22. Cf.Rev. of Olives, the disciples came unto
18.4.
vipers, how can ye escape the ‘dam¬ him privately, saying, 2Tell us.
Ki.9.7-9; Psa.
nation of /hell? 79.1; Isa.64.11;i
Lk.19.44. ^
34 Wherefore, behold, I ‘send un¬
to you prophets, and wise men, and w Mk. 13.3-37; Lk.
21.7-37.
scribes: and some of them ye shall
* Lk. 17.20-37.
'kill and crucify; and some of them
shall ye scourge in your syna¬ v v.30; 2Pet.3.4. !

gogues, and persecute them from «consummation \

of the age.
city to city:

1 The three “untils” of Israel’s blessing: (1) Israel must say, “Blessed is He
(Mt. 23. 39; cf. Rom. 10. 3, 4). (2) Gentile world-power must run its course (Lk-
21. 24; Dan. 2. 34, 35). (3) The elect number of the Gentiles must be brought in.
Then “the Deliverer shall come out of Zion,” etc. (Rom. 11. 25-27).
2 Mt. 24. with Lk. 21. 20-24 answers the threefold question. The order is. as
follows: “When shall these things be?”—i.e. destruction of the temple and cits-
1032
 24 S] St. MATTHEW. [24 24

unto them. Take heed that no man The Olivet discourse: (4) the
deceive you. great tribulation (Mk. 13. 14-23).
5 For “many shall come in my
name, saying, I am Christ; and shall «v.24; John 5.43; 15 When ye therefore shall see the
deceive many. 1 John 2.18. “abomination of desolation, ^spoken
* Rev. 6.2-4.
6 And ye shall hear of “wars and Hag. 2-22. of by sDaniel the prophet, stand in
rumours of wars: see that ye be not |d Rev.6.5,6. the holy place, (whoso readeth, let
troubled: for all these things must Rev.6.12. him understand:) .
come to pass, but the end is not yet. [/■Ml. 10.17,18. 16 ‘Then let them which be in Ju-
7 For “nation shall rise against a Dan. 12.10. dsea flee into the mountains:
nation, and kingdom against king¬ 1*213.11,^19.20.
Pet.2.1; Rev. 17 Let him which is on the house¬
dom: and there shall he ‘‘famines, l,e. lawlessness. top not come down to take any
and pestilences, and '’earthquakes, Rom.3.23, thing out of his house:
in divers places. note. 18 Neither let him which is in the
8 All these are the beginning of *22 Tim.3.1.
Thes.2.3,4;
field return back to take his clothes.
borrows. I Gospel. Mt.26. 19 And woe unto them that are
’ 9 Then shall they /deliver you up 13. (Gen. 12.1-3;
Rev. 14.6.)
with child, and to them that give
ta.be afflicted, and shall kill you: \m Mt.3.2, note. suck in those days!
'and ye, shall be hated of all nations oikoumene= 20 But pray ye that your flight be
for my name’s sake. inhabited earth. not in the winter, neither on the
(Lk.2.1.)
1 10 And then shall *many be of¬ |*> The Beast. sabbath day:
fended, and shall betray one an¬ John 5.43. (Dan. 21 For then shall be "great tribu¬
7.8; Rev. 19.20.)
other, and shall hate one another. tv Inspiration, lation, such as was not since the
11 And many "false prophets shall vs. 15,37-39; Mt. beginning of the "world to this
26.54. (Ex.4.15;
rise, and shall deceive many, Rev. 22.19 J
time, no, nor ever shall be.
12 And because '"iniquity shall 22 And except those days should
abound, the love of many shall be ‘shortened, there should no flesh
■ Tribulation
wax "cold. (the great}.
be saved: but for the elect’s sake
13 But he that shall endure unto vs. 21,22; Rev.3. those days shall be shortened.
10. (Psa.2.5;
the end, the same shall be saved. Rev. 7.14.) 23 Then if any man shall say un¬
14 And this ‘gospel of the ”king- i»l.e. earth. to you, Lo, here is Christ, or there;
dom shall be preacKe3~Tn~aITthe (Isa.65.8,9; Dan. believe it not.
9.27; Zech.13.8,
"world for a witness unto, all na- 9; Rev.12.6-17. 24 For there shall arise false
tions; and then StS&tt~the end come. Christs, and false prophets, and

Answer, Lk. 21. 20-24. Second and third questions: "And what shall be the sign of
thy coming, and of the end of the age?” Answer, Mt. 24. 4-33. Verses 4 to 14
have a double interpretation: They give (1) the character of the age—wars, inter¬
national conflicts, famines, pestilences, persecutions, and false Christs (cf. Dan. 9.
26). This is not the description of a converted world. (2) But the same answer
(vs. 4-14) applies in a specific way to the end of the age, viz. Daniel’s seventieth
week (Dan. 9. 24-27, note 2). All that has characterized the age gathers into awful
intensity at the end. Verse 14 has specific reference to the proclamation of the good
news that the kingdom is again “at hand” by the Jewish remnant (Isa. 1. 9; Rev.
14 6 7- Rom. 11. 5, note). Verse 15 gives the sign of the abomination (Dan. 9. 27,
note)—the “man of sin,” or “Beast” (2 Thes. 2. 3-8; Dan. 9. 27; 12. 11; Rev. 13.
4~7-)* •
This introduces the great tribulation (Psa. 2. 5; Rev. 7. 14, note), which runs
its awful course of three and a half years, culminating in .the battle of Rev. 19.
19-21 note, at which time Christ becomes the smiting Stone of Dan. 2. 34. The
detail of this period (vs. 15-28) is: (1) The abomination in the holy place (v. 15);
(2) the warning (vs. 16-20) to believing Jews who will then be in Jerusalem; (3) the
great tribulation, with renewed warning as to false Christs (vs. 21-26); (4) the sud¬
den smiting of the Gentile world-power (vs. 27, 28); (5) the glorious appearing of
the Lord visible to all nations, and the regathering of Israel (vs. 29-31); (6) the
sign of the fig-tree (vs. 32, 33); (7) warnings, applicable to this present age over
which these events are ever impending (vs. 34-51; Phil. 4. s). Careful stug" of
Dan. 2., 7., 9., and Rev. 13. will make the interpretation clear. See, also. Rem¬
nant” (Isa. 1. 9; Rom. II. s). , ,
1 Cf. Lk. 21. 20-24. The passage in Luke refers m express terms to a destruction
of Jerusalem which was fulfilled by Titus, A.D. 70; the passage in Matthew to a futbre
crisis in Jerusalem after the manifestation of the “abomination.” See Beast
(Dan. 7, s; Rev. 19. 20); and “Armageddon” (Rev. 16. 14; 19. 17). As the cir¬
cumstances’ in both cases will be similar, so are the warnings. In the former case
Jerusalem was destroyed; in the latter it will be delivered by divine interposition.
1033
24 25] St. MATTHEW. [24 5i
shall shew great signs and won¬ “knoweth no man, no, not the *an.
ders; insomuch that, if it were pos¬ gels of heaven, but my Father
sible, they shall deceive the .very
elect. a Isa.30.30; IThes. 37 But as the Mays o MZhre
5.1-3.
25 Behold, I have told you be¬ so shall also the coming of the Son
b Gen.7.11: Lk.17.
fore. 26.27; 1 Thes.5.3; of man be.
2 Pet.2.5; 3.6. 38 For as in the days that were
26 Wherefore if they shall say
e Also vs!37.39,44.
unto you. Behold, he is in the des¬ See Mt.8.20, before the flood thefy were eating
ert; go not forth: behold, he is in note. and drinking, marrying and giving
d Armageddon in marriage, until the day that I^Qe
the secret chambers; believe it (.battle of). Rev.
not. 19.17. (Rev. 16.14; entered into, the ark, ?W-auL
19.21.)
39 And knew not until the flood
« Day of Jehovah.
The Olivet discourse: (5) the re¬ vs.29-31; Mt.25. came, and took them all away; ?So
turn of the Kins in glory (Mk. 31-46. (Isa.2.10- shall also the coming of the Son of
22; Rev. 19.11-21.)
13. 24-37; Lk. 21. 25-36). f Christ (Second man be.
Advent). Mt.24. 40 Then shall two £>e in the field;
27 For as the “lightning cometh 36-50. (Deut.30.3;
Acts 1.9-11.) the one shall be taken, and the
out of the east, and shineth even a Psa.50.4,5; Mt. other left.
unto the west; bso shall also the 13.41.
41 Two women shall be grind¬
coming of the “Son of man be. h Heb.1.4, note,
i Israel (prophe¬
ing at the mill; the one shall be
28 For wheresoever the ^carcase cies). Lk. 1.31-33. taken, and the other left.
is, there will the eagles be gathered (Gen.12.2,3;
42 rWatch therefore: fdr ye know
Rom.11.26.)
together. i Parables(N.T.). not swhat hour your Lord doth
29 Immediately after the tribula¬ vs.32,33; Mt.25. come.
tion ot “tnose days shall the sun be 1-13. (Mt.5.13-16;
Lk.21.29-31.) 43 But know this, that if the good-
darkened, and the moon shall not * v.15; lThes.5.1-5. man of the house had known in
give her light, and the stars shall I Or, he. what watch the thief would come,
fall from heaven, and the powers of m Mt. 12.45; 23.35,
he would have watched, and would
36.
the heavens shall be shaken: not have suffered his house to be
n Psa.119.89,160;
30 And then shall appear the sign 138.2; Isa.51.6; broken up.
of the Son of man in heaven: and Mt.5.18; IPet.l
23,25. 44 Therefore be ye also 'ready:
then shall all the tribes of the earth ovs.42,44; Acts 1.7. for in such an hour as ye think not
mourn, and they shall see -'the Son p Gen. 6.5-8; IPet. the Son of man cometh.
of man coming in the clouds of hea¬ 3.20.
1 Christ (Second 45 Who then is a “faithful and.
ven with power and great glory. Advent), vs.36- wise servant, whom his lord hath
31 And he shall "send his "angels 50; Mt.25.31-46.
made ruler over his household, rto
(Deut.30.3; Acts
with a great sound of a trumpet, 1.9-11.) give them meat in due season?
and they ‘shall gather together his r Mt.25.13; Rev.
46 Blessed is that servant, whom
3.3.
elect from the four winds, from one his lord when he cometh shall find
* on what day.
end of heaven to the other. t Mt.25.10; Lk.12. so doing.
35-40,43; 21.34-36.
47 Verily I say unto you; That he
Parable of the fig tree (Mk. 13. uLk. 12.42-46;
28, 29; Lk. 21. 29-3l). 1 Cor.4.2. It is shall make him ruler over all his
faithfulness, not goods.
ability, in the
32 Now learn a “parable of the fig Lord's service 48 But and if that evil servant
that is first ap¬
tree; When his branch is yet ten proved by Him. shall say in his heart, “'My lord de-
der, and putteth forth leaves, ye v John 21.15; layeth his coming;
know that summer is nigh: 1 Pet.5.2. 49 And shall begin to smite his
Heb. 10.37; 2 Pet.
33 So likewise ye, when ye shall 3.4,9; Rev.22.7,
fellowservants, and to eat and drink
"see all these things, know that it . . 12 20 with the drunken;
is near, even at the doors. * Kingdom 50 The lord of that servant shall
(N.T.). vs.
34 Verily I say unto you, 1 mThis 29-51; Mt.25. -rcome in a day when he looketh
31-46. (Lk.l. not for him, and in an hour that he
generafioil §halT~not pass, ml all 31-33; 1 Cor. 15.
the§e~ fSmgT)be TullilleH. 24.) is not aware of,
35^ "^Heaven "and earth shall pass v Mt.7.21-23; 25. 51 And shall cut him asunder, and
3,11,12; 2 Pet.2.
away, but my words shall not pass 20-22. appoint him his portion with the
away. ^hypocrites: there shall be weeping
36 But of that day and hour and gnashing of teeth.

1 Gr. genea, the primary definition of which is, “race, kind, family, stock, breed.
(So all lexicons.) That the word is used in this sense here is sure because none oi
“these things,” i.e. the world-wide preaching of the kingdom, the great tribulation,
the return of the Lord in visible glory, and the regathering of the elect, occurred a
the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus, a.d. 70. The promise is, therefore,
generation—nation, or family of Israel—will be preserved unto “these things ;
promise wonderfully fulfilled to this day.
1034
 St. MATTHEW.

vants, and delivered unto them his

CHAPTER 25. *goods.
The Olivet discourse: (6) the a Mt.3.2, note, 15 And unto one he gave five tal¬
b Parables ents, to another two, and to an¬
! Lord's return tests the real (N.T.). vs.
state of the kingdom in mys¬ 1-13,14-30;
other one; to every man According
tery. Mk.2.21. to his several ability; and straight¬
T (Mt.5.13-16;
HEN 1 shall the kingdom of Lk.21.29-31.)
°heaven be ^likened unto ten c Deut.32.29.
Mt.7.24,25;
way took his journey.
16 Then he that had received the
five talents went and "'traded with
2yirgins, which took their lamps, d Mt.7.26,27, the same, and made them other
and went forth to meet the bride¬ 22.11; Lk.12.
, .
20 21 five talents.
groom. e going out. 17 And likewise he that had re¬
2 And five of them were cwise, /Mt.24.44; ceived two, he also gained other
and five were ^foolish. Col.l.12-14.
two.
3 They that were foolish took g Lk.13.25-30. 18 But he that had received one
h Mt.24.36,42.
their lamps, and took no oil with i Also v.31; went and digged in the earth, and
them: Mt.8.20,
"hid his lord’s money.
note.
4 But the wise took oil in their j Omit the itali¬ 19 After a long time the lord of
j vessels with their lamps. cised words. those servants cometh, and °reck-
5 While the bridegroom tarried, k Lk.19.12-27; oneth with them.
1 Tim.6.20.
they all slumbered and slept. I Lk.12.48; 20 And so he that had received
6 And at midnight there was a Rom.12.6-8; five talents came and brought other
cry made. Behold ."The bridegroom 1 Cor.12.7. five talents, saying. Lord, thou
■ cometh; go ye out to meet him. rn Eph.5.16;
deliveredst unto me five talents:
1 Tim.4.13;
7 Then all those virgins arose, 2 Pet.1.5-8. behold, I have gained beside them
and trimmed their lamps. ft Prov.26.15;
five talents more.
8 And the foolish said unto the 1 Pet.4.10; 21 His lord said unto him, ^Well
2 Pet.1.9-12.
wise. Give us of your oil; for our o Rom.14. done, thou good and faithful ser¬
lamps are ‘’gone out. 10-12;
vant: thou hast been ^faithful over
9 But the wise answered, saying. 2 Cor.5.10. a few things, I will make thee ruler
p The Lord’s
Not so; lest there be not enough for commenda¬ over many things: enter thou into
us and you: but go ye rather to them tion may be the joy of thy lord.
that sell, and buy for yourselves. earned by the
weakest of 22 He also that had received two
10 And while they went to buy, His servants; talents came and said. Lord, thou
the bridegroom came; and they it is given deliveredst unto me two talents:
that were Teady went in with him for faithful behold, I have gained two other
service.
to the marriage: and the door was q Lk.16.10-12; talents beside them.
shut. 1 Cor.4.2;
23 His lord said unto him, rWell
Tl“ Afterward 'came also the other 2 Tim.4.7,8. done, good and faithful servant;
r The same
virgins, saying. Lord, Lord, *open commenda¬ thou hast been faithful over a few
to us. tion is gained
things, I will make thee ruler over
12 But he answered and said. | by the ser¬
vant with two many things: enter thou into the
Verily I say unto you, I know you talents as by 5joy of thy lord.
not. him with five:
24 Then he which had received
13 Watch therefore, for ye ftknow he was equal¬ the one talent came and said. Lord,
ly faithful
neither the day nor the hour where¬ though his I knew thee that thou art an 'hard
in the 'Son of man cometh. gift was less.
man, reaping where thou hast not
s Psa.16.11;
The Olivet discourse: (7) the Zeph.3.17; sown, and gathering where thou
Johnl5.10.il;1 hast not strawed:
Lord's return tests the ser- Heb-12.1,2.
25 And I was afraid, and went
I- vants. t Mt.20.11,12;
Mai.1.13. and hid thy talent in the earth: lo,
14 For it he kingdom of heaven Cf.l John 5.3. there thou hast that is thine.
u Mt.22.12,
is as a man travelling into a far 13; 24.48-50. 26 His lord answered and said
country, who called his own ser¬ unto him, Thou “wicked and sloth-

1 This part of the Olivet discourse goes beyond the “sign” questions of the disci¬
ples (Mt. 24. 3), and presents our Lord’s return in three aspects: (1) As testing
profession, vs. 1-13; (2) as testing service, vs. 14-30; (3) as testing the Gentile
nations, vs. 31-46. . . .
2 The kingdom of heaven here is the sphere of profession, as in Mt. 13. All
alike have lamps, but two facts fix the real status of the foolish virgins: They took
no oil,” and the Lord said, “I know you not.” Oil is the symbol of the Holy Spirit,
and “If any man have not the spirit of Christ, he is none of his” (Rom.
8. 9). Nor could the Lord say to any believer, however unspiritual, “I know you
not.”
1035
25 27] St. MATTHEW. [26 ;

fill servant, thou knewest that I and took thee in? or naked, ari.
reap where I sowed not, and gather clothed thee?
where I have not strawed: 39 Or when saw we thee sick, 0.
27 Thou oughtest therefore to aMt.13.Ul Lit.19. in prison, and came unto thee? ' r
have put my money to the ex-j 26; John 15.2. 40 And the King shall answer
b Lie. 8.18. last and say unto them. Verily J
^hangers, and then at my coming clause.
I should have received mine own eMt-7-21-23. unto you. Inasmuch as ye have
with usury. d the outer done it unto one of the ''least of
28 Take therefore the talent from darkness, these my brethren, ye have done it
e Christ (.Second
him, and give it unto him which Advent). Mk. unto me.
hath ten talents. 13.24-27. (Deut. , 41 Then shall' he say also unto
30.3; Acts 1.9-11.)
29 For unto “every one that hath fSanctify. holy them on the left hand, ^Depart from
shall be given, and he shall have (persons) me, ye cursed, into everlasting fire
abundance: but from him that hath (N.T.). Mk.6.20. prepared for the "devil and his
(Mt.4.5; Rev.22.
not shall be taken away even ''that 11.) -angels:
which he hath. eHeb.1.4, note, 42 For I was an 'hungred, and ye
h Day of Jehovah. gave me no meat: I was thirsty,
30 And 'cast ye the unprofitable vs.31-46; Acts
servant into ‘'outer darkness: there 2.19,20. (Isa.2. and ye gave me net drink:
10- 22; Rev. 19.
shall be weeping and gnashing of1 11- 21.) 43 I was a stranger, and ye took
teeth. i Psa.96.13; John me not in: naked, and ye clothed
5.28,29; Rev.20. me not: sick, and in prison, and ye
The Olivet discourse: (8) the 11-15. visited me not.
Lord’s return tests the Gen¬ i Psa.79.13; 100.3;
Ezk.20.38; 34.17, 44 Then shall they also answer
tile nations. (Cf. Joel 3. n-16.) 22,31; John 10.11. him, saying, Lord, when saw we
k Zech.10.3.
31 When the Son of man shall] I Mt.3.2, note. thee an hungred, or athirst, or a
the 'holy I ini-e. earth.
“come inTiis glory, and all the'holy stranger, or naked, or sick, or in
Sangels with him, "then shall he sit » Mt. 10.40; Heb. prison, and did not minister unto
11.37,38. thee?
upon the throneof his gloryT o Rom. 10.10, note,
32 *And before Kim shall be ‘gath- ■p Mt.10.40-42; Acts! 45 Then shall he answer them,
ered all nations: and he shall 9.2,4,5. saying. Verily I say unto you, 'In¬
separate them one from another, Mt.7.23. asmuch as ye did it not to one of
as a shepherd divideth his sheep r Satan. Gr. the least of these, ye did it not to me,
diabolos, ac¬
from the goats: cuser. Mk.1.13. 46 “And these shall go away "into
(Gen.3.1; Rev. everlasting “punishment: but the
33 And he shall set the 'sheep on 20.10.)
his right hand, but the *goats on « vs.35,40,45, refs, “righteous into “life eternal.
the left. t Prov.14.31;
34 Then shall the King say unto Zech.2.8. CHAPTER 26.
1 Kingdom
them on his right hand. Come, ye I (N.T.). vs.31-46; The Jewish authorities consult
blessed of my Father, inherit the Acts 1.6,7. (Lk.
1.31-33; 1 Cor. 15. to put Jesus to death (Mk. 14,
'kingdom prepared for you from the 24.) l, 2; Lk. 22. l, 2).
foundation of the "“world: i Judgments (the
35 For I was an "hungred, and 14.(2 Sam.7.
seven). Lk.14.
A ND it came to pass, when Jesus
had finished all these sayings,
ye gave me meat: I was thirsty, 14; Rev.20.12.)
"Eternal and
and ye gave me drink: I was a “everlasting" he said unto his disciples,
stranger, and ye took me in: are the same 2 Ye know that after two days is
word.
36 Naked, and ye clothed me: I ■v Day of destruc¬ the least of the passover, and the
was sick, and ye visited me: I was tion. 2 Thes.1. Son of man is betrayed to be cru¬
7-10. (Job 21.
in prison, and, ye came unto me. 30; Rev.20.11-15.) cified.
37 Then shall the “righteous an¬ * Life (eternal). 3 Then assembled together the
swer him, saying, Lord, when saw Lk. 10.25. (Mt.7.
14; Rev.22.19.) chief priests, and the scribes, and
we thee an hungred, and fed thee? the elders of the people, unto the
or thirsty, and gave thee drink? palace of the high priest, who was
38 When saw we thee a stranger, called Caiaphas,

1 This judgment is to be distinguished from the judgment of the great white

throne. Here there is no resurrection; the persons judged are living nations; no
books are opened; three classes are present, sheep, goats, brethren; the time is -at
the return of Christ (v. 31); and the scene is on the earth. All these particulars
are in contrast with Rev. 20. 11-15. The test in this judgment is the treatment
accorded by the nations to those whom Christ here calls “my brethren.” These
“brethren” are the Jewish Remnant who will have preached the Gospel of the
kingdom to all nations during the tribulation. See “Remnant” (Isa. 1. 9; Rom.
11. 5). The test in Rev. 20. 11-15, is the possession of eternal life. See, for the
other six judgments, John 12. 31, note; 1 Cor. 11.31, note; 2 Cor. 5.10, note; Ezk.
20. 37, note; Jude 6, note; Rev. 20. 12, note.
1036
 St. MATTHEW. [26 26

4 And °consulted that they might 16 And from that time he sought
take Jesus by subtilty, and kill opportunity to betray him.
The preparation of the passover
h5irIBut they said. Not on the feast
(Mk. 14. 12-16; Lk. 22. 7-13).
^ay, lest there be an ^uproar among a John 11.47;
Acts 4.25-28. 17 Now the first day of the/east
die people.
b Mt.21.26; of unleavened bread the disciples
resus anointed by Mary of Beth- Mk.14.2. camf to' Jesus," saying unto him.
J any (Mk. 14. 3-9; John 12. i-s). Where wilt thou that we prepare
c Mk.14.3;
for thee to eat the passover?
6 Now when Jesus was in Beth¬ John 12.1-8.
18 And he said Go into the city to
any, in the house of Simon the \d Mk.16.9;
/leper, 1 Lk.15.2.
such a man, and say unto him. The
7 There came unto him a ewoman |
Master saith, lMy time is at hand;
e i.e. Mary of I will keep the passover at thy
having an alabaster box of”very Betnany. "
precious ointment, and poured it on house with my disciples,
his ^ead, as he sat at meat. /Lk.5.34,35; 19 And the disciples did as Jesus
8 But when his disciples saw it,
John 16.28. had appointed them; and they
made ready lie passover.
they had indignation, saying. To g Supply to
what purpose is this waste? prepare me.
The last passover (Mk. 14. 17-21:
9 For this ointment might have! Ifi Mt.16.21- Lk. 22. 14-20, 24-30).
been sold for much, and given to 23; Mk.16.1.
20 Now when the even was come,
the poor.
i Gospel. Mk. he 2sat down with the twelve.
10 When Jesus understood it, hej 1.1,14,15.
said unto them. Why trouble ye (Gen.12.1-3; (Here read John 13i 2-30.)
the woman? for she hath wrought Rev. 14.6.)
21 And as they did eat, he said.
a good work upon me. j i.e. earth.
Verily I say unto you, that one of
11 For ye have the poor always
you shall “betray me.
with you; but /me ye have not & Zech.11.12,
13. 22 And they were exceeding sor¬
always.
rowful, and began every one of
12 For in that she hath poured / Lk.9.51;
them to say unto him. Lord, is it I?
this ointment on my body, she did John 8.20;
16-32. 23 And he answered and said. He
it sfor my ^burial.
that "dippeth his hand with me in
13 Verily I say unto you. Where¬ m John 6.70,
the dish, the same shall betray me.
soever this ‘gospel shall be preached 1 71; 13.21.
24 The Son of man goeth as it is
in the whole /world, there shall n Psa.41.9;
“written of him: but woe unto that
also this, that this woman hath 55.12-14;
man by whom the Son of man is
done, be told for a memorial of her. John 13.18,
26. betrayed! #it had been good for
Judas Iscariot sells the Lord that man if he had not been bom.
o Mk.9.12;
(Mk. 14. 10, n; Lk. 22. 3-6). Lk.24.25-27, 25 Then Judas, which betrayed
44-46; John him, answered and said. Master, is
14 Then one of the twelve, called 19.28. it I? He said unto him. Thou hast
Judas Iscariot, went unto the chief p John 17.12; said.
priests, Acts 1.25.
Jesus institutes the Lord’s Sup¬
15 And said unto them. What
per (Mk. 14. 22-2S; Lk. 22. 17-20;
will ye give me, and I will deliver
1 Cor. 11. 23-25).
him unto you? And they covenanted;
with him for kthirty pieces of silver.] 26 And as they were eating, Je-

1 No contradiction of John 12. 3 is implied. The ordinary anointing of hospital¬

ity and honour was of the feet (Lk. 7. 38) and head (Lk. 7.. 46). But Mary of
Bethany, who, alone of our Lord’s disciples had comprehended His thrice repeated
i announcement of His coming death and resurrection, invested the anointing with
the deeper meaning of the preparation of His bo.dy for burying. Mary of Bethany
(was not among the women who Went to the sepulchre with intent to embalm the
body of Jesus.
2 The order of events on the night of the Passover supper appears to have been:
(1) The taking by our Lord and the disciples of their places at the table; (2) the
contention who should be greatest; (3) the feet-washing; (4) the identification of
Judas as the traitor; (5) the withdrawal of Judas; (6) the institution of the supper;
(7) the words of Jesus while still in the room (Mt. 26. 26-29; Lk. 22. 35-38; John
13. 31-35; 14. 1-31); (8) the words of Jesus between the room and the garden (Mt.
26. 31-35; Mk. 14. 26-31; John 15., 16., 17.); it seems probable that the high-priestly
prayer (John 17.) was uttered after they reached the garden; (9) the agony in the
garden; (10) the betrayal and arrest; (11) Jesus before Caiaphas; Peter’s denial.
1037
26 27] St. MATTHEW. [26 4i

sus “took bread, and ^blessed it, A.D. 33. 35 Peter said unto him. Though T
and brake it, and gave it to the dis¬ a Mk.14.22-25; should die with thee, yet will I noi
ciples, and said. Take, eat; this is Lk.22.19,20. deny thee. Likewise also said all
b 1 Cor.10.16. the disciples.
my cbody. c 1 Cor. 11.23-
27 And he took the cup, and gave 29; 1 Pet.2.24.
thanks, and gave it to them, say¬ d Sacrifice Jesus1 2 agony in the Garden (Mk
ing, Drink ye all of it; (of Christ). 14. 32-42; Lk. 22. 39-46; John
John 1.29. 18. l).
28 For this is my_ dblood of the (Gen.4.4;
enew /testament, which is shed for Heb.10.18.)
36 Then f’cometh Jesus with them
e Covenant
many for the ^remission of ^sins. (new). Mk. unto a place called Gethsemane, and
29 But I say unto you, I will not 14.24. (Isa.61. saith unto the disciples. Sit ye here,
drink henceforth of this fruit of the 8.Heb.8.8-12.)
while I go and pray yonder.
/ covenant,
vine, until that day when I drink g Forgiveness. 37 And he took with him Peter
it new with you in my Father’s (Lev.4.20.) and the two sons of Zebedee, and
‘kingdom. h Sin. Rom.
began to be ^sorrowful and very
3.23, note,
(Here read John 14. 1-31.) i Mt.3.2, note. heavy.
iMk. 14.26. 38 Then saith he unto them, My
Jesus foretells Peter’s denial k Mk.14.27.
(Mk. 14. 26-3i; Lk. 22.31-34; John I Zech.13.7. soul is exceeding sorrowful, even
13. 36-38). m Christ(First unto death: tarry ye here, and
Advent). Mt. watch with me.
30 And when they had sung an 27.9,10. (Gen.
3.15; Acts 1.9.) I
•7’hymn, they went out into, the n Mk.14.29-31; The first prayer (Mk. 14. 35;
mount of Olives. Lk.22.31-34; 1 Lk. 22. 41, 42).
Johnl3.36-38.
(Here read John 15., 16., 17.) o Mk. 13-35; 39 And he went a little farther,
John 18.27. and fell on his face, and 'prayed,
31 Then saith Jesus unto them, p Mk.14.32-42; ,
*A11 ye shall be offended because of Lk.22.40-46; I saying, O my Father, if it be possi¬
me this night: for it is written, I John 18.1. ble, let this 2scup pass from me:
q Isa.53.3; nevertheless not as I will, *but as
will ^mite the mshepherd, and the Lam.1.12;
sheep of the flock shall be scattered John 12.27. thou wilt.
rBible prayers
abroad. (N.T.).Mt.27. The sleeping disciples (Mk. 14.
32 But after I am risen again, I 46. (Mt.6.9; 37, 38, 40; Lk. 22. 45,- 46).
will go before you into Galilee. Rev.22.20.)
s Gen.22.6-8; 40 And he cometh unto the dis¬
33 Peter answered and said unto
Heb.5.7.
him. Though ”all men shall be of¬ t Psa.40.8. ciples, and findeth them asleep, and
fended because of thee, yet will I u Temptation. saith unto Peter, What, could ye
Lk.8.13. not watch with me one hour?
never be offended.
(Gen.3.1;
34 Jesus said unto him. Verily I Jas.1.14.)
41 Watch and pray, that ye enter
say unto thee, That this night, be¬ v Psa.103. not into “temptation: ‘'the spirit
14-16; Rom. indeed is willing, but the flesh is
fore the °cock crow, thou shalt deny 7.15; 8.23;
me thrice. Gal.5.17. weak.

1 Forgiveness. Summary: The Greek word translated “remission” in Mt. 26.

28; Acts 10. 43; Heb. 9. 22, is elsewhere rendered “forgiveness.” It means, to send
off, or away. And this, throughout Scripture, is the one fundamental meaning of
forgiveness—to separate the sin from the sinner. Distinction must be made be¬
tween divine and human forgiveness: (1) Human forgiveness means the remission
of penalty. In the Old Testament and the New, in type and fulfilment, the divine
forgiveness follows the execution of the penalty. “The priest shall make an
atonement for his sin that he hath committed, and it shall be forgiven him” (Lev.
4. 35). “This is my blood of the new covenant, which is shed for many for the
remission [sending away, forgiveness] of sins” (v. 28). “Without shedding of
blood there is no remission” (Heb. 9. 22). _ See “Sacrifice” (Gen. 4. 4; Heb. 10. 18,
note). The sin of the justified believer interrupts his fellowship, and is forgiven
upon confession, but always on the ground of Christ’s propitiating sacrifice (1 John
1. 6-9; 2. 2). (2) Human forgiveness rests upon and results from the divine for¬
giveness. In many passages this is assumed rather than stated, but the principle
is declared in Eph. 4. 32; Mt. 18. 32, 33.
2 The “cup” must be interpreted by our Lord’s own use of that symbol in speak¬
ing of His approaching sacrificial death (Mt. 20. 22; John 18. 11). In view of John
10. 17, 18, He could have been in no fear of an unwilling death. The value of the
account of the agony in the Garden is in the evidence it affords that He knew fully
what the agony of the cross would mean when His soul was made an offering fof
sin (Isa. 53. 10) in the hiding of the Father’s face. Knowing the cost to the utmost,
He voluntarily paid it.
1038
 26 42] St. MATTHEW'. [26 64

A.D. 33. for all they that take the sword

The second prayer (Mk. 14. 39;
shall perish with the sword.
1 Lk. 22. 44).
53 Thinkest thou that I cannot
42 He went away again the sec- now pray to my Father, and he
a Psa.69.20; shall presently give me more than
ond time, and prayed, saying, O John 2.25.
jjjy Father, if this cup may not pass b Sin. Rom.3. ^twelve legions of ‘angels?
away from me, except I drink it, 23, note. 54 But how then shall the ^'scrip¬
cMk. 14.43; tures be ^fulfilled, that thus it must
thy will be done. Lk.22.47;
43 And he came and found them John 18.3; be?
asleep again: for their eyes were Acts 1.16. 55 In that same hour said Jesus
d v.50; Mk. to the multitudes, (Are ye come out
heavy. 14.44,45;
Lk.22.48. as against a thief with swords and
The third prayer (Mk. 14. 4i). c 2 Sam.20.9; staves for to take me? I sat daily
Psa.55-13. with you teaching in the temple,
44 And he left them, and went / Gr. Hetaire,
and ye laid no hold on me.
comrade.
away again, and prayed the third Perhaps the 56 But all this was done, that the
time, saying the same words. most touch¬ scriptures of the prophets might be
45 Then cometh he to his disci¬ ing thing in
fulfilled. Then all the disciples
the Bible.
ples, and saith unto them, °Sleep The Lord mforsook him, and fled.
on now, and take your rest: be¬ does not dis¬
hold, the hour is at hand, and the own Judas. Jesus brought before Caiaphas
g Mk.14.47; and the Sanhedrin (Mk. 14.
Son of man is betrayed into the Lk.22.49-51;
hands of ^sinners. John 18. 53-65. Cf. John 18. 12, 19-24).
46 Rise, let us be going: behold, , .
10 11
57 And they that had laid hold on
h 2 Ki.6.17;
he is at hand that doth betray me. Lk.2.13,14. Jesus 2led him away to “Caiaphas
i Heb.1.4,
The betrayal and arrest of Jesus the high priest, where the scribes
note.
(Mk. 14. 43-50; Lk. 22. 47-53; j v. 24; John and the elders were assembled.
John 18. 3-n). 19.28; Acts 58 But °Peter followed him afar
13.29. off unto the high priest’s ^palace,
k Inspiration,
47 And ^while he yet spake, lo, Mt.28.19,20. and went in, and sat with the ^ser¬
Judas, one of the twelve, came, and (Ex.4.15; vants, to see the end.
Rev.22.19.) 59 Now the chief priests, and
with him a great multitude with
I Mk.14.
swords and staves, from the chief 48,49; Lk.22. elders, and all the council, sought
priests and elders of the people. 52,53. '■false witness against Jesus, to put
m Mk.14.50.
48 Now he that betrayed him him to death;
Cf.2 Tim.
gave them a sign, saying. Whom¬ 4.16. 60 But found none: yea, though
soever I shall <*kiss, that same is n Mk.14.53; many false witnesses came, yet
Lk.22.54; found they none. At the last came
he: hold him fast.
John 18.
49 And forthwith he came to 12-14. two false witnesses,
Jesus, and said. Hail, master; and o Mk.14.54; 61 And said, This fellow said, I
ekissed him. John 18. am able to sdestroy the temple of
15.16.
50 And Jesus said unto him, p court. God, and to build it in three days.
^Friend, wherefore art thou come? q officers. 62 And the high priest arose, and
Then came they, and laid hands on . r Psa.35.11; said unto him, Answerest thou
Mk.14.55-60.
Jesus, and took him. 5 Mt.27.40; nothing? what is it which these
51 And, behold, one of them John 2.19-22. witness against thee?.
which were with Jesus stretched out t Isa.53.7. 63 But Jesus *held his peace. And
Ik Mk.14.61-64;
his hand, and «drew his sword, and I Lk.22.69-71. the high priest answered and said
struck a servant of the high priest’s, unto him, I “adjure thee by the liv¬
and smote off his ear. ing God, that thou tell us whether
52 Then said Jesus unto him, Put thou be the Christ, the Son of God.
up again thy sword into his place: 64 Jesus saith unto him. Thou

1 A comparison of the narratives gives the following order of events on the cruci¬
fixion day: (1) Early in the morning Jesus is brought before Caiaphas and the
Sanhedrin. He is condemned and mocked (Mt. 26. 57-68; Mk. 14. 55-65; Lk. 22.
63-71; John 18. 19-24). (2) The Sanhedrin lead Jesus to Pilate (Mt. 27. 1, 2, 11-14;
Mk. 15. 1-5; Lk. 23. 1-5; John 18. 28-38). (3) Pilate sends Jesus to Herod (Lk. .23.
6-12; John 19. 4). (4) Jesus is again brought before Pilate, who releases Barabbas
and delivers Jesus to be crucified (Mt. 27. 15-26; Mk. 15. 6-15; Lk. 23. 13-25; John
18. 39, 40; 19. 4-16). (5) Jesus is crowned with, thorns, and mocked (Mt. 27. 26-30;
Mk. 15. 15-20; John 19. 1-3). (6) Suicide of Judas (Mt. 27. 3-10). (7) Led forth
lo be crucified, the cross is laid upon Simon: Jesus discourses to the women (Mt.
27. 31, 32; Mk. 15. 20-23; Lk. 23. 26-33; John 19. 16, 17). For the order of events at
the crucifixion see Mt. 27. 33, note.
1039
26 65] St. MATTHEW. [27 i4

hast said: nevertheless I say unto of the people took counsel agains1.
you. Hereafter shall ye see the Son Jesus to put him to death: c
of man “sitting on the right hand of, 2 And when they had bound him
power, and ^coming in the clouds of ] they led him away, and /delivered
heaven. a Psa.110.1.* him to Pontius Pilate the governor
Mk. 14.62;
65 Then the high priest rent his Acts 7.55,56.
Judas’ unavailing remorse.
clothes, saying, He hath spoken
(Cf. Acts 1. 16-19.)
blasphemy: what further need have b Dan.7.13,14;
we of witnesses? behold, now ye Mt.24.30;
Rev. 1.7. 3 Then Judas, which had be-
have heard his “blasphemy. trayed him, when he saw that he
66 What think ye? They answered c John 10. was condemned, repented himself
31-36.
and said. He is guilty of death. and brought again the * thirty pieces
67 Then did they “'spit in his face, d Isa.50.6; 52. of silver to the chief priests and
and buffeted him; and others 14; Mk.14. elders,
“smote him with the palms of their 65; Lk.22.63-
65; John 18. 4 Saying, I have ^sinned in that
hands, 22,23. I have betrayed the innocent blood.
68 Saying, Prophesy unto us, thou And they said. What /s that to us?
Christ, Who is he that smote thee? e Mic.5.1;
John 19.3. see thou to that.
Peter denies the Lord (Mk. 14. 5 And he cast down the pieces of
/Mk.14.66-72;
66-72; Lk. 22. 55-62; John 18. Lk.22.55-62;
silver in the temple, and departed,
15-18, 25-27). John 18. and went and ^hanged himself.
15-18,25-27. 6 And the chief priests took the
69 Now Peter /sat without in the silver pieces, and said. It is not law¬
g Acts 2.7.
palace: and a damsel came unto ful for to put them into the trea¬
him, saying. Thou also wast with h Contra, Mt. sury, because it is the price of blood.
Jesus of Galilee. 16.16,17.
7 And they took counsel, and
70 But he denied before them all, bought with them the potter’s field,
* v.34.
saying, I know not what thou to bury strangers in.
sayest. j Mk.15.1;
8 Wherefore that field was called,
71 And when he was gone out into Lk.23.1;
John 18.28. The field of blood, unto this day.
the porch, another lmaid saw him, 9 Then was "fulfilled that which
and said unto them that were k Zech.11.12,
was spoken by 2 Jeremy the prophet,
there. This fellow was also.with 13.
saying, And they took the ^thirty
Jesus of Nazareth. / Sin. Rom. pieces of silver, the price of him that
72 And again he denied with an 3.23, note. was valued, whom they of the chil¬
oath, I do not know the man. dren of Israel did value;
m 1 Sam.31.4;
73 And after a while came unto 2 Sam.17.23. 10 And gave them for the potter’s
him they that stood by, and said to field, as the /Lord appointed me.
Peter, Surely thou also art one of n Lk.24.27,44.
them; for thy ^speech bewrayeth Jesus interrogated by Pilate
thee. o Christ (First (Mk. 15. 2-5; Lk. 23. 2, 3; John
74 Then began he to *curse and to Advent). Mt.
27.34,35.
18. 29-38).
swear, saying, I know not the man. (Gen.3.15;
And immediately the ‘cock crew. Acts 1.9.) 11 And Jesus stood before the
75 And Peter remembered the governor: and the governor tasked
P Jehovah.
word of Jesus, which said unto him. him, saying. Art thou the King of
Zech.11.12,
Before the cock crow, thou shalt 13. the Jews? And Jesus said unto him,
deny me thrice. And he went out, rThou sayest.
q Mk.15.2-5; 12 And when he was accused of
and wept bitterly. Lk.23.3.
the chief priests and elders, he an¬
CHAPTER 27. r John 18.33- swered ^nothing.
37; 1 Tim. 13 Then said Pilate unto him,
The Sanhedrin deliver Jesus to 6.13.
Hearest thou not how many things
Pilate (Mk. 15. i; Lk. 23. l; s Isa.53.7. they witness against thee?
John 18. 28). 14 And he answered him to never
WHEN the morning was come,
all the chief priests and elders
a word; insomuch that the governor
marvelled greatly.

1 Cf. v. 69; Mk. 14. 69; Lk. 22. 58; John 18. 25. A discrepancy has been imagined
in these accounts. Let it be remembered that an excited crowd had gathered
and that Peter was interrogated in two places: “With the servants” (Mt. 26. 58j
where the first charge was made (v. 69); “the porch” where a great number
people would be gathered, and where the second and third interrogations Wer
made by “another maid” and by the crowd, i.e. “they” (vs. 71, 73; John 18. 25;.
2 The allusion is to Jeremiah 18.1-4; 19. 1-3, but more distinctly to Zech. 11.12» '
1040
27 l5l St. MATTHEW. [27 36

Jesus or Barabbas? (Mk. 15.6-is; ‘scourged Jesus, he delivered him

J Lk. 23. 13-25; cf. John 18. 38-40). to be crucified.
a Mk.15.6-15;
j5 Now at that feast the governor Lk.23.17-25; The King crowned with thorns,
John 18.
yas flwont to release unto the peo¬ 39,40. and led away to crucifixion
ple a prisoner, whom they would. (Mk. 15. 16-23; Lk. 23. 26-32;
*16 And. they had then a notable b Mt.21.38; John 19. 16, 17).
John 15.22-
prisoner, called Barabbas. 25. Cf. Gen. 27 Then the soldiers of the gov¬
*17 Therefore when they were 37.11.
ernor ’took Jesus into the common
gathered together, Pilate said unto c Gen.31.29.
hall, and gathered unto him the
them. Whom will ye that I release
d John 5.43; whole band of soldiers.
unto you? Barabbas, or Jesus Acts 3.14.
28 And they ^stripped him, and
which is called Christ?
put on him a ‘scarlet robe.
18 For he knew that for &envy
29 And when they had platted a
they had delivered him. /Deut.21.6.
crown of 'thorns, they put it upon
19 When he was set down on the
his head, and a "Teed in his right
judgment seat, his wife sent unto g Gen.4.10;
Mt.23.35; hand: and they bowed the knee
him, saying. Have thou nothing to Acts 5.28.
before him, and mocked him, say¬
ho with that just man: for I have It John 19.1. ing, Hail, King of the Jews!
suffered many things this day in a i Isa.53.8.
30 And they "spit upon him, and
<dream because of him.
j Mk.15.16- took the reed, and "smote him on
20 But the chief priests and elders 20; John 19. the head.
persuaded the multitude that they 2,3.
31 And. after that they had
should ask Barabbas, and destroy k Lk.23.11. Cf. mocked him, they took the robe off
Jesus. Psa.69.19.
from him, and put his own raiment
21 The governor answered and I Gen.3.18; on him, and led him away to cru¬
said unto them. Whether of the Gal.3.13. cify him.
twain will ye that I release unto m Isa.36.6. 32 And as they came out, they
you? They said, barabbas. n vs.30,31; found a man of Cyrene, Simon by
22 Pilate saith unto them. What Psa.22.6; name: him they compelled to ‘bear
shall I do then with Jesus which is Isa.50.6; 53. his cross.
called Christ? They all say unto 3; Zech.13.7.
him, Let him be ^crucified. o Mt.26.67. The crucifixion (Mk. 15. 22-32;
23 And the governor said. Why, 1 Mk.15.21; Lk. 23. 33-13; John 19. 17-24).
what evil hath he done? But they Lk.23.26; 33 1 And when they were come
cried out the more, saying. Let him 2 Cor.4.10. unto a place called Golgotha, that
be crucified. q the place,
is to say, 2a 'place of a skull,
24 When Pilate saw that he could etc. 34 They gave him 'vinegar to
prevail nothing, but that rather a r Mk.15.22; drink mingled with gall: and when
tumult was made, he took /water, Lk. 23.33;
John 19.17. he had tasted thereof, he would
and washed his hands before the not drink.
* Psa.69.21;
multitude, saying, I am innocent of Mk.15.23;
the blood of this just person: see ye Lk.23.36. The law fulfilled in Christ (Mt.
to it. 5.17, is; Gal. 3. 11-14).
t Christ (First
25 Then answered all the people, Advent). Mt. 35 And they crucified him, and
and said, «His blood be on us, and 27.50. (Gen. parted his garments, casting lots:
3.15;
on our children. Acts 1.9.). that it might be 'fulfilled which was
spoken by the prophet,“They parted
Barabbas released (Mk. 15. 15; u Psa.22.18;
my garments among them, and
Mk.15.24;
Lk. 23. 24, 25). Lk.23.34; upon my vesture did they cast lots.
John 19.23, 36 And sitting down they watched
26 Then released he Barabbas 24.
unto them: and when he had him there;

1 The order of events at the crucifixion: (1) The arrival at Golgotha (Mt. 27.
33; Mk. 15. 22; Lk. 23. 33; John 19. 17). (2) The offer of the stupefying drink re¬
fused (Mt. 27. 34; Mk. 15. 23). (3) Jesus is crucified between two thieves (Mt.
27. 35-38; Mk. 15. 24-28; Lk. 23 . 33-38; John 19. 18-24). (4) He utters the first cry
from the cross, “Father, forgive,” etc. (Lk. 23. 34). (5) The soldiers part His gar¬
ments (Mt. 27. 35; Mk. 15. 24; Lk, 23. 34; John 19. 23). (6) The Jews mock Jesus
(Mt. 27. 39-44; Mk. 15. 29-32; Lk. 23. 35-38). (7) The thieves rail on Him, but
°ne repents and believes (Mt. 27. 44; Mk. 15. 32; Lk. 23. 39-43). (8) The second
try from the cross, “To-day shalt thou be with me,” etc. (Lk. 23.,43). (9) The
third cry, “Woman, behold thy son” (John 19. 26, 27). (10) The darkness (Mt.
27. 45; Mk. 15. 33; Lk. 23. 44). (11) The fourth cry, “My God,” etc. (Mt. 27. 46,
,J; Mk. 15. 34-36). (12) The fifth cry, “I thirst” (John 19. 28), (13) The sixth cry,
1041
27 37] ST. MATTHEW. [27-s,

. , wnen uiey ncaiu mai, muu, ih,

Heb.9.22! man calleth for Elias. £
e on. 48 And straightway <Sne or then*
2-8* ran, and took a spunge, and filled it
with Vinegar, and put it on a reed
"32; and gave him to drink.
.39-43. 49 The rest said, Let be, let us see
whether Elias will come to save
prayers him. _
)• Mk.10. 50 Jesus, when he had cried again
i ' ev' with a loud voice, 2myielded up the
Psa.22.1; "ghost.
f.3 gives The Dispensation of Law ends
gnificant (See John 1.17. note; Heb. 9. 3.
•mtAe8; 10. 19, 20.)
5.37; Lit.23. 51 And, behold, the 3oveil of the
19' temple was rent in twain from the
•(FustAd. toe IP the bottom: and the earth
Mi.ffl.5.6. did quake, and the rocks rents
3'15; c s 52 And the 4graves were opened;
6.2,11-M: and many bodies of the saints
■S.la.'u.' which slept farose,
.19,20. 53 And came out of the graves
mutton, after his resurrection, and went into
u4 i».S;. the oholy city, and appeared unto
“any.
fo’tN.T.). 54 Now when the centurion, and
i 22 fif- they that were w't^1 him, watching
Jesus, saw the earthquake, and
those things that were done, they

“It is finished” (John 19. 30). (14) The seventh cry, “Father, into thy hands,”
etc. (Lk. 23. 46). (15) Our Lord dismisses His spirit (Mt. 27. 50; Mk. 15. 37; Lk.
23. 46; John 19. 30).
1 Cf. Mk. 15. 26; Lk. 23. 38; John 19. 19. These accounts supplement, but
do not contradict each other. No one of the Evangelists quotes the entire inscrip¬
tion. All have “The King of the Jews.” Luke adds to this the further words,
“This is”; Matthew quotes the name, “Jesus”; whilst John gives the additional
words “of Nazareth.” The narratives combined give the entire inscription: “This
is (Matthew, Luke] Jesus [Matthew, John] of Nazareth [John] the King of the Jews”
[all].
2 Literally, “dismissed His spirit.” The Gr. implies an act of the will. This ex,
pression, taken with Mk. 15. 37; Lk. 23. 46; John 19. 30, differentiates the death
of Christ from all other physical death. He died by His own volition when He
could say of His redemptive work, “It is finished.” “No man taketh it from me,
but I lay it down of myself” (John 10. is).
3 The veil which was rent was the veil which divided the holy place into which
the priests entered from the holy of holies into which only the high priest might
enter on the day of atonement (Ex. 26. 31, note; Lev. 16. 1-30). The rending
of that veil, which was a type of the human body of Christ (Heb. 10. 20) signified
that a “new and living way” was opened for all believers into the very presence 01
God with no other sacrifice or priesthood save Christ’s _ (cf. Heb. 9. 1 8; 10. 19-22).
4 That these bodies returned to their graves is not said and may not be inferred.
The wave-sheaf (Lev. 23. 10-12) typifies the resurrection of Christ, but a shea!
implies plurality. It was a single “corn of wheat” that fell into the ground in the
crucifixion and entombment of Christ (John 12. 24); it was a sheaf which came forth
in resurrection. The inference is that these saints, with the spirits of “just men
made perfect” (Heb. 12. 23) from Paradise, went with Jesus "(Eph. 4. 8-10) into
heaven.
1042
 St. MATTHEW. [28 10
27 s5J
, ared greatly, saying, “Truly this a watch: go your way, make it as
% the Son of God. sure as ye can.
55 And many women were there 66 So they went, and made the
beholding afar off, which followed a Mk.15.39-41:
sepulchre sure, sealing the stone,
jesus from Galilee, ministering unto Lk.23.47-49. and setting a watch.
b Son of Al-
h56 Among which was Mary Mag¬ phseus. Mt. CHAPTER 28.
dalene, and Mary the mother ofi 4.21, note. The resurrection of Jesus Christ,
yames and Joses, and the mother c Isa.53.9. and events of that day (Mk.
0f Zebedee’s children. 16.1-14; Lk. 24.1-49; John 20.1-23.)
The entombment of Christ (Mk. d Supposed to
be Mary the
15. 42-17; Lk. 23. so-56; John 19. mother of 1TN the /end of the sabbath, as it
James and began to dawn toward the first
38-12).
Joses. day of the week, came Mary Mag¬
57 When the even was come, dalene and the dother Mary to see
there came a rich man of Arima- e Mt.16.21; the sepulchre.
17.23; 20.19;
thsea. named Joseph, who also him¬ 26.61; Mk.8. 2 And, behold, there was a great
self was Jesus’ disciple: 31; 10.34; earthquake: for *the ^angel of the
58 He went to Pilate, and begged Lk.9.22; 18. Lord descended from heaven, and
the body of Jesus. Then Pilate com¬ 33; 24.6,7;
John 2.19. came and rolled back the stone
manded the body to be delivered. from the door, and sat upon it.
59 And when Joseph had taken /Lit. end of 3 *His countenance was like light¬
the sab¬
the body, he wrapped it in a clean baths. The ning, and his raiment white as
linen cloth, sabbaths end, snow:
60 And laid it in “his own new the first day 4 And for fear of him the keepers
tomb, which he had hewn out in the. comes. Mt.12.
1, note; John I did shake, and became as /dead
rock: andhe rolled a great stone to the 20.19; Acts men.
door of the sepulchre, and departed. 20.7; 1 Cor. 5 And the *angel answered and
61 And there was Mary Magda-i 16.2; 10.
Rev.l.
said unto the women, AFear not ye:
lene, and the Mother Mary, sitting for I know that ye seek Jesus,
over against the sepulchre. g an angel, etc.
which was crucified,
The sepulchre sealed and |& Heb.1.4, 6 He is not here: for 'he is mrisen,
note.
guarded. |as he said. Come, see the place
i Cf.Dan.10.
62 Now the next day, that fol¬ 6; Rev.10.1. where the Lord lay.
lowed the day of the preparation, 7 And go quickly, and tell his dis¬
\j Acts 17.31; ciples that he is risen from the
the chief priests and Pharisees came Rev.l.17.
together unto Pilate, dead: and, behold, he goeth before
ik Mk.16.6;
63 Saying, Sir, we remember that 2 Tim.1.7; you into Galilee; there shall ye see
that deceiver said, while he was yet Rom.8.15. him: lo. I have told you.
alive, “After three days I will rise I Christ (First] 8 And they departed quickly from
again Advent). the sepulchre with fear and great
64 Command therefore that the Acts 1.9. joy; and did run to bring his disci¬
(Gen.3.IS;
sepulchre be made sure until thel Acts 1.91. ples word.
third day, lest his disciples come m Resurrec* 9 And as they went to tell his
by night, and steal him away, _and! tion. vs. 1-6;| disciples, behold, 2Jesus met them,
say unto the people. He is risen1 Mk. 5.41. saying, ”A11 hail. And they came
from the dead: so the last error (Job 19.25; and held him by the feet, and wor¬
1 Cor. 15.52.)|
shall be worse than the first. shipped him.
65 Pilate said unto them, Ye have n Lit. O joy! 10 Then said Jesus unto them, Be

1 The order of events, combining the four narratives, is as follows: Three women,
Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James, and Salome, start for the sepul¬
chre, followed by other women bearing spices. The three find the stone rolled
away, and Mary Magdalene goes to tell the disciples (Lk. 23. 55-24. 9; John 20.
1, 2). Mary, the mother of James and Joses, draws nearer the tomb and sees the
angel of the Lord (Mt. 28. 2). She goes back to meet the other women following
with the spices. Meanwhile Peter and John, warned by Mary Magdalene, arrive,
look in, and go away (John 20. 3-10). Mary Magdalene returns weeping, sees the
two angels and then Jesus (John 2Qi 11-18), and goes as He bade her to tell the dis¬
ciples. Mary (mother of James and Joses), meanwhile, has met the women with
the spices and, returning with them, they see the two angels (Lk. 24. 4, 5; Mk. 16.
5). They also receive the angelic message, and, going to seek the disciples, are met
by Jesus (Mt. 28. 8-10). .
2 The order of our Lord’s appearances would seem to be: On the day of His res¬
urrection; (1) To Mary Magdalene (John 20. 14-is). (2) To the women returning
1043
28 H] St. MATTHEW. [28 20

not afraid: go tell my "brethren a.d. 33.

that they go into Galilee, and there _
shall they see me. . * Hehbn22inii.
11 Now when they were going, jMt.27.4. ’
behold, some of the watch came c cf.Acts 12.19.
into the city, and shewed unto the d J°<|!j£i5.56?:
chief priests all the things that ,, j0hn5.22;’i7.
were done. 1456.1.22.
12 And when they were assem-
bled with the elders, and had taken Lk.24.47,48;’
counsel, they gave large ^money Acts 1.8.
unto the soldiers, fnfunto’41'
13 Saying, Say ye. His disciples , Holy Spirit.
came by night, and stole him away Mk.1.8,10,
while we slept.
14 And if this come to the gov- j inspiration.
emor’s ears, we will ^persuade him, vs.19,20; Mk.
and secure you. 22 19 )1S;
15 So they took the money, and k Acts' 4;3i V
did as they were taught: and this 23.11.
saying is commonly reported among 1 consumma-
the Jews until this day. %£

from the tomb with the angelic message (Mt. 28. 8-10). (3) To Peter, probably
in the afternoon (Lk. 24. 34; 1 Cor. 15. 5). (4) To the Emmaus disciples toward
evening (Lk. 24. 13-31). (5) To the apostles, except Thomas (Lk. 24. _36-t3; John
20. 19-24). Eight days afterward: (1) To the apostles, Thomas being present
(John 20. 24-29). In Galilee: (1) To the seven by the Lake of Tiberias (John
■21. 1-23). (2) On a mountain, to the apostles and five hundred brethren (1 Cor.
15.e). At Jerusalem and Bethany again: (1) To James (1 Cor. 15. 7). (2)Tothe
eleven (Mt. 28. 16-20: Mk. 16.14-20; Lk. 24.33-53; Acts 1.3-12). To Paul: (1) Near
Damascus (Acts 9. 3-6; 1 Cor. 15. s). (2) In the temple (Acts 22. 17-21; 23. 11).
To Stephen, outside Jerusalem (Acts 7. ss). To John on Patmos (Rev. 1. 10-19).
1 With the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ begins the “dispensation of the
grace of God” (Eph. 3. 2), which is defined as “his kindness toward us through
Christ Jesus"; and, “the gift of God: not of works, lest any man should boast”
(Eph. 2. 7-9). Under grace God freely gives to the believing sinner eternal life
(Rom. 6. 23); accounts to him a perfect righteousness (Rom. 3. 21, 22; 4. 4, 5); and
accords to him a perfect position (Eph. 1. 6). The predicted results of this sixth
testing of man are: (1) The salvation of all who believe (Acts 16.31); (2) judgment
upon an unbelieving world and an apostate church (Mt. 25. 31-46; 2 Thes. 1. 7-10;
1 Pet. 4. 17, is; Rev. 3. 15, 16).
(1) Man’s state at the beginning of the dispensation of grace (Rom. 3. 19; Gal.
3. 22; Eph. 2. 11, 12). (2) Man’s responsibility under grace (John 1. 11, 12; 3. 36;
6. 28, 29). (3) His predicted failure (Mt. 24-. 37-39; Lk. 18. 8; 19. 12-14). (4) The
judgment (2 Thes. 2. 7-12).
3 The word is in the singular, the “name,” not names. Father, Son, and Holy
Spirit is the final name of the one true God. It affirms:. (l) That God is one.
(2) That He subsists in a personality which is threefold, indicated by relationship
as Father and Son; by a mode of being as Spirit; and by the different parts
taken by the Godhead in manifestation and in the work of redemption, e.g. John 3.
5, 6 (Spirit), 16, 17 (Father and Son). In Mt. 3. 16, 17; Mk. 1. 10, 11; Lk. 3. 21,22.
the three persons are in manifestation together. (3) The conjunction in one name
of the Three affirms equality and oneness of substance. See O.T. Names of God:
Gen. 1. 1, note; 2. 4, note; 14. is, note; 15. 2, note; 17. 1, note; 21. 33, note;
1 Sam. 1. 3, note; Mai. 3. 18, Summary. See “Lord,” Mt. 8. 2, note; “Word
(Logos),, John 1. 1, note; “Holy Spirit.” Acts 2. 4, Summary. See “Christ, Deity
of.” John 20. 28, note.

1044
 With My Whole Heart - With
all my heart

’’with my whole heart”

If we truly expect God to respond to us, we must be
willing to make the commitment to Him with our
whole heart.

This means making a commitment to Him with our

ENTIRE, or ALL of our heart. Many people do not
want to be truly committed to God. They simply want
God to rescue them at that moment, so that they can
continue to ignore Him and refuse to do what they
should. God knows those who ask help sincerely and
those who do not. God knows each of our thoughts.
God knows our true intentions, the intentions we
consciously admit to, and the intentions we may not
want to admit to. God knows us better than we know
ourselves. When we are truly and honestly and
sincerely praying to find God, and wanting Him with all
of our heart, or with our whole heart, THAT is when
God DOES respond.

What should people do if they cannot make this

commitment to God, or if they are afraid to do this ?
Pray :
Lord God, I do not know you well enough, please help
me to know you better, and please help me to
understand you. Change my desire to serve you and
help me to want to be committed to you with my whole
heart. I pray that you would send into my life those
who can help me, or places where I can find accurate
information about You. Please preserve me and help
me grow so that I can be entirely committed to you. In
the name of Jesus, Amen.

Here are some verses in the Bible that demonstrate

that God responds to those who are committed with
their whole heart.

(Psa 9:1 KJV) To the chief Musician upon Muthlabben,

A Psalm of David. I will praise thee, O LORD with my
whole heart ; I will show forth all thy marvellous works.

(Psa 111:1 KJV) Praise ye the LORD. I will praise the

LORD with my whole heart , in the assembly of the
upright, and in the congregation.
(Psa 119:2 KJV) Blessed are they that keep his
testimonies, and that seek him with my whole heart .

(Psa 119:10 KJV) With my whole heart have I sought

thee: O let me not wander from thy commandments.

(Psa 119:34 KJV) Give me understanding, and I shall

keep thy law; yea, I shall observe with my whole heart

(Psa 119:58 KJV) I entreated thy favour with my whole

heart: be merciful unto me according to thy word.
(Psa 119:69 KJV) The proud have forged a lie against
me: but I will keep thy precepts with my whole heart .

(Psa 119:145 KJV) KOPH. I cried with my whole heart

hear me, O LORD: I will keep thy statutes.

(Psa 138:1 KJV) A Psalm of David. I will praise thee

with my whole heart : before the gods w ill I sing praise
unto thee.

(Isa 1:5 KJV) Why should ye be stricken any more? ye

will revolt more and more: the whole head is sick, and
the whole heart faint.

(Jer 3:10 KJV) And yet for all this her treacherous
sister Judah hath not turned unto me with her whole
heart, but feignedly, saith the LORD.

(Jer 24:7 KJV) And I will give them an heart to know

me, that I am the LORD: and they shall be my people,
and I will be their God: for they shall return unto me
with their whole heart .

(Jer 32:41 KJV) Yea, I will rejoice over them to do

them good, and I will plant them in this land assuredly
with my whole heart and with my whole soul.

I Peter 3:15 But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts:

and be ready always to give an answer to every man
that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in you with
meekness and fear:
II Timothy 2: 15 Study to show thyself approved unto
God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed,
rightly dividing the word of truth.
 Christian Conversions - According to the Bible -
Can NEVER be forced .

Any Conversion to Christianity which would be

"Forced" would NOT be recognized by God. It is in
His True and KIND nature, that those who come to
Him and choose to believe in Him, must come to
Him OF THEIR OWN FREE WILL .

Don't Let anyone tell you that Christians support

Forced Conversions.

That is False. True Christianity is NEVER forced.

Core Universal Rights

The right to believe, to worship and witness

The right to change one's belief or religion

The right to join together and express one's

belief
PROPHECY, THE END of DAYS, and the WORLD in
the Next Few Years.

What you may need to know

There is much talk these days in the Islamic world

about the Time of Jacob, also known as the End
Times or the End of Days

The records of Christianity and the records of Islam

both seem to speak about the End Times. But the
records of the Old and New Testaments have a record
in the area of prophecy of events that are predicted to
occur hundreds of years before they happen, and that
record is 100% accurate.

According to Christianity, in order for a prophet or a

writer or an author to truly be a prophet of God, that
individual must be 100% correct 100% of the time.

This standard is applied to the Old and New

Testaments (the Bible), and the verdict is that the Bible
is 100% accurate, 100% of the time. History and
Archeology confirms this, for those with the patience
And courage to seek truth and accuracy.

What has been done sometimes in the name of

Christianity, is not always good. But true Christians
and Christian examples remain strong, solid and
encouraging. True Christians have nothing to regret
nor be ashamed of. Offereing help to others is not
wrong.

There are many perspectives on the return of Jesus

Christ. The New Testaments seems to predict the
return of Two Messiahs BOTH of whom both claim to
be Jesus Christ.

The first Messiah who returns to help those who

believe in Him actually does not come to Earth. His
feet do NOT touch Jerusalem at that point in time.
That first Messiah calls his followers (Christ-followers)
to Him, and they are caught up or meet Jesus Christ in
the air, where their time with God starts at that
moment.

The second Messiah is the one who announces that

“He” is the one who has returned to Earth to establish
His Kingdom. He establishes a Temple in the location
of the Dome of the Rock [Temple Mount] in Jerusalem,
also re-institutes the jewish sacrifices of the Old
Testament, and proclaims that He is going to rule on
Earth. Only this Messiah who will call himself “Christ”
will be a false Messiah, in other words the False
Christ, the Wrong Christ.

During this time, Christians believe that they are to

continue to be kind to their friends and neighbors,
whether those neighbors and friends are Christians or
Moslems or Hindus or anything else. This remains true
in the End Times.
In the End Times according to Christianity, Christians
are mostly the observers of the greatness of God,
explaining to those who want to know, what is taking
place in the world and why these things are
happening.

In every generation of humans, there are many who

claim that they WANT to live in a world without God.
For that reason , God is going to give them what they
want. Those people will have 1) a world without God,
but where 2) a false Messiah arrives claiming to be
Christ, and only an understanding of accurate
Christianity will be able to help and show those people
how to have Eternal Life.

The false Messiah comes onto the world stage and

exercises power and dominion [over the entire world],
ruling from the geographic location of the Ancient
Roman Empire.

The false Messiah (obviously) denies that he is false,

and institutes a system of global economic domination
of a global economic system of money.

That money is a “symbolic” currency. As Christians

today understand this, the currency of the False
messiah is not based on Gold or Silver.

The currency that the False messiah establishes is

“cashless”. It does not require paper currency. In fact,
the new currency will be global, and it is expected to
be cashless, without actual currency.
But it will be based on banking principles in the West,
and this False Messiah will cause those who are
jewish to believe that their Messiah has returned. Like
much of the rest of the world, many will be deceived by
the False Messiah who will accomplish many miracles
and will institute his system of global economic
domination.

The False Messiah will cause that the entire world and
governmental structure will cause the implementation
of his false economic system of currency.

That economic system is a system of global

dominance and global slavery. The global bankers will
endorse this plan, believing that they will reap even
greater profits than they currently do based on their
system of unjust usury.

This global currency will depend on computers to

work, and computers will be used to keep records of
all economic transactions all over the world. This will
be a closed economic system, one that can only be
used by those who have accepted the false currency
of the False Messiah.

The False Messiah will cause each person to be

obligated to accept to use the new currency, and each
individual will be required to give homage, or attention,
or reverence or adoration or some kind of worship, or
allegiance or loyalty to the false messiah, in order to
be able to use the new cashless currency.

The new cashless currency will have one feature that

those “who have wisdom” will recognize: the new
cashless system in order to be used will require each
human to have a particular mark or “identifier” or
system of individual identification for each and every
single separate person on the planet.

That may seem impossible. But even now, there are

millions and billions of computer records that are kept
on the populations of all nations that are already using
modern banking. Therefore it is not difficult to
understand that keeping track of 7 billion humans
around the world is not anything that is difficult, even
at this moment.

This system may seem impossible to establish

especially for those not familiar with the details of
power inside the European Union or the West. But
then if all of this is only fiction, then it should not harm
anyone to read this, and then prove many years from
now that all of these concerns were false.

The new cashless system will incorporate a number

within itself, as part of its numbering system. That
number has been identified and predicted for two
thousand years: it is the number “six hundred and sixty
six” or 666.

That may seem impossible, but actually this number is

already used as a primary tracking number within the
computer inventory systems of the world, long before
you have read these few pages.

The number is already incorporated in almost all

goods and products that are sold around the world: the
number is within something called the Bar Code that
can be found on all products for sale around the world.

Please remember that in order for all of this to be

significant, it must be part of an economic system that
requires each human to receive or accept their own
numbering on their right hand or their forehead. The
mark could be visible, but it is likely to be invisible to
the eyes, but visible to machines, scanners and
computers.

This bar code has a formal name: it is called the UPC

or Universal Product Code.

An individual UPC number is assigned to each

physical product that is sold on this planet. The UPC
or Universal Product Code already does incorporate
that number 666 in all products.

The lines [vertical lines] and the spacing between

them, and the lines themselves, their own symetry
determine the numbers and how those lines [the UPC
bar code] are read or scanned by the computers used
today.

The UPC has 666 built within it, and it is simply the two
long lines on the left of the bar code, the two long lines
on the right of the bar code, and the two long lines in
the middle of the bar code. The two long lines on the
left are read by computers and scanners as the
number “six” [ 6 ], and so are the two long lines in the
middle and the right side. Together, they form a part of
the bar code that in fact is 6 - 6 - 6 or six hundred and
sixty six.
Well it will not take long for some to dispute this. Even
some theologians have taken to dispute the disclosure
of the number 666, suggesting instead that the correct
number to watch for prophetically is not 666 but 616.

That is simply foolishness and a distraction. When this

economic system is implemented, one of the signs that
will accompany this will be the leaders of all faiths and
all religions who will falsely state that there is no
problem and no risk in accepting the mark of the slave,
the mark of those who accept to worship the False
Messiah.

These events were discussed a long time ago in the

Old Testament book of Daniel, and in the Final and
last book of the New Testament which is also called
the Revelation of the Apostle Saint John, or simply
“Revelation”.

The Apostle John was the last living apostle of Jesus

Christ. He lived until around the year 95 A.D. and he is
the one who taught the early church and the early
Christians which books of the Bible were written by his
fellow Apostles (and remember he wrote five books of
the New Testament himself, the gospel of John, the
small Epistles of 1 John, 2 John and 3 John, and the
book of Revelation), and could be used and trusted.

The early Christians knew which books were to be

included in the Bible and which books were not.
A modern book has explained much of this. It was
simply called “ Jesus is coming” and was written by
W.E.B Blackstone.

It is easy to dismiss Christians as Zionists. (Not all

Christians are Zionists in anycase). [ and obviously,
being pro-jewish is NOT the same thing as being in
favor of the official government of israel. And one can
be a Christian and desire good for both Jews and
Arabs]. But Christian Zionists are not perceived friends
of the jews when they are warning the Jews, even
about their Jewish state, that the Messiah who comes
to tell them that he is their Messiah, will be the False
Messiah.

The Ancient Book of Daniel is in the Old Testament. It

must be read alongside the New Testament book of
Revelation, in order to give understanding to those
who want to understand prophecy and the events
predicted in the End Times or the End of this Age.

Christians understand that God is the one who is God,

and He brings about the End Times because the
planet does not belong to itself. The planet does not
belong to Humans, or to the false [demonic] beings
who pretend to come from other planets.

The planet belongs to God and He is the one who

causes everyone rich and poor, to understand through
the events in the End of Days, that God is serious
about being God, and humans do not have much time
to get their own life in order, and to give an account to
God who is going to return and require that account of
each Human, on a personal and individual basis.
That task is so impossible to understand that all that
humans can do is understand and come to God, with
the understanding that God may or may not require
their sacrifice, but He does require those who seek
Him to read and understand and follow the words and
doctrines of Jesus Christ as explained in the New
Testament. [The Gospel of John is a good place to
start].

All those who have come before can do, is leave a few
things around, for those who will be left to try to
understand these events in a very short period of time.

The literal understanding of the Times of the End is

that they will last seven years, and that much of
humanity will perish during that time through a variety
of catastrophes and disasters, all of which God refuses
to stop for a planet that has been saying that they do
not need Him anymore.

If they do not need Him, then they should not complain

when these events occur. If they Do need God, then
they should be honest enough to admit this, try to find
God, pray to find God and that they will not be
deceived and that God would help them to find Him.

The economic system that requires a mark may have

a different formulation for the number 666. It may stay
the same as it is now, or it may change. But at this
current time, no one is [yet] required to have this mark
personally on their mark or forehead, though if the
dollar dies or is replaced by a new currency, the new
currency may be the one that is either an interim
currency, or the new currency of the mark, to be used
only by those who accepted to be marked
[electronically branded], so they can then use their
mark along with the mark of the new economic
system.

A “beast” is a monster, but one that at the same time is

usually both 1) ferocious and \
2) evil in addition to being overpowering and strong.

The new economic system will be ferocious and

overpowering. It will be directed by the False Messiah
and the Beast. (There are 3 Evil guys described in the
book of Revelation). The economic system using the
mark, becomes the “mark of the beast”, because of
two factors:

1) the one who runs and directs the system is a beast

who is ruled by Evil and by Satan
2) the economic system of the mark of the beast takes
on those characteristics of the beast also.

[the system for those who refuse to go along will not

be kind nor tolerant, but more likely a combination of
the worst of the roman empire, the worst of stalinist
soviet communist USSR, and the worst of the the time
under Hitler.]

It will be impossible to buy anything without the mark

of the beast. Most likely, it may start out as optional
and quickly become mandatory. As soon as the
economic mark will be made mandatory, it will become
a crime of life or death to try to conduct economic
transactions without the official government
permission, from the millions and millions of people
who have foolishly already decided to consent to
accept the mark. It will also be a capital crime to help
or assist anyone who would refuse to accept the mark.
Therefore the system of the beast will prevent
neutrality: it will prevent people from having the choice
of being able to “not make a choice”. For that reason,
all humans will chose, and then God will classify each
person according to the choice that they have made,
that choice having Eternal consequences.

You can be assured that there will be billion dollar

contracts by public relations firms to convince you that
accepting your individual mark on your right hand or
forehead will help you, will save civilization, will help
mother earth, will help us all work collectively, will
allow to work, and oh yes, would allow you,
incidentally to be able to buy food to eat.

The book of Revelation says those who accept the

mark undergo a “deception”, the implication being that
those who accept the mark are spiritually deceived into
acceptance of the upside-down universe: where evil is
viewed as good, and good is viewed as evil.
At that point, the new Messiah would be perceived as
real and genuine by those who have accepted the
mark, until later on when they will realize that they
have been deceived, but at that point it will be
impossible for them to change their mind or their
commitment to the false Messiah, and this would have
Eternal Consequences for them. The time to decide
therefore is before that time. Now would probably be a
good time, in case these things matter to you, who are
reading this.
 Individual
Human Branding
death that Jesus Christ paid the
price for. (otherwise, sin would be
more powerful than Jesus Christ-
which is not true).

Sometimes, People have trouble

believing in Jesus Christ because of
two extremes:

First the extreme that they are not

sinners (usually, this means that a
person has not committed a "serious"
sin, such as "murder", but God says that
all sins separates us from God , even
supposedly-small sins. We - as humans
- tend to evaluate sin into more serious
and less serious categories, because we
do not understand just how serious
"small" sin is).

Since we are all sinners, we all have

a need for God, in order to have
eternal salvation.

Second the extreme that they are

not good enough for Jesus Christ to
save them. This is basically done by
those who reject the Free offer of
Salvation by Christ Jesus because
those people are -literally- unwilling
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 Scofield had a mind of his own. He was not afraid to study
the Word of God, and to find out what it actually said.

That upset some people in his day. That also upsets some people today.
Scofield proclaimed that God actually existed, God actually loved people,
God’s promises could be trusted, the Bible was accurate, and that prophecies predicted
would occur. Maybe to have faith in those things now.. .is not so hard. Scofield believed
in the importance of the Jewish people. Whatever their role is in the final days, it is up to
them to understand this. Christians should encourage and offer help when possible.
Scofield reminded Christians of the importance of being Pro-Israel and Pro-Justice, at
the time when Many parts of Europe did not yet even have democracies. Many were
still monarchies. [The views attributed to Scofield were laid out EARLIER in the book
Jesus is Coming, by Blackstone (Free PDF Online) which actually DID explain the Rapture,
(ascension) and documented its coming occurrence, not in secret but the standard Rapture view
written in the 1800s - from the Bible, page after page, verse after verse - see for yourself.1.

But Scofield wrote about the importance and legitimacy of Israel, and of the State
of Israel, before it was re-founded in 1948, as the Bible predicted. When Scofield
released this edition, it was only 1917. At that time. World War I was over.
World War II had not begun, and the British monarchy was in the process of giving 79% of the
Palestine Mandate [promised to Israel] over to the Arabs, which would result in the
formation of Jordan, on land promised to Israel. The next Palestinian state (being
formed now), will be in the actual Biblical area of Judea, Samaria and Galilee.

Scofield upset people because he believed in the Rapture, and because he believed
in the ability of Christians to interpret the Bible for themselves with the help of
the Holy Spirit. Whatever you believe about the Bible, You are responsible for that.
So it is important to know what to believe for sure. No one is going to get a pass or
be excused, because “I believed it because my bishop told me”. Scofield’s
perspective meant that there was no need for a hierarchy of priests or Cardinals to
insist on their “official” interpretation of the Holy Scriptures. Of course, the Roman
Church still has a view of the End Times, which favors its princes. It sees itself on earth,
navigating through challenging times, helping a “Christ” who is likely to be on the side
of forcing all mankind to take the mark on their right hand or forehead, which is
Biblically warned against.

The Roman Catholic view of the End Times is one of cooperation with the Globalist
super-state. Islam affirms its past worldview often that it may erase Jews and those
who do not submit to the Zone-of-Islam. Others religions also have views. They
cannot all be right. And they cannot all be reconciled. Only one will be
accurate and correct. Those who seek truth and God with all their Heart, and ask
God to help them, will find it. Scofield did not work by himself. He had
the help of other men of God, several of whom were scholars and heads of
Seminaries. These days, few seminaries advocate an actual rapture, or taking the Bible
literally, even when it can save their soul. Seminaries have given in to the politics of
the dollar, and have much too much at stake in academics, funding,
and scholarships. These snares often prevent truth seeking. Be sure that you
do not allow yourself, to substitute comfort, for truth.