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Entropy Balance

The document discusses entropy and the second law of thermodynamics. It defines entropy as a measure of molecular disorder or randomness within a system. The second law states that entropy can be generated but not destroyed. Entropy transfer occurs during heat transfer but not work. Irreversible processes like friction always increase a system's entropy. Closed systems exchange energy through work and heat transfer, while open systems can also exchange matter. The document provides examples calculating entropy change and generation to determine the irreversibility of processes.

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Yaadav Krishna
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63 views6 pages

Entropy Balance

The document discusses entropy and the second law of thermodynamics. It defines entropy as a measure of molecular disorder or randomness within a system. The second law states that entropy can be generated but not destroyed. Entropy transfer occurs during heat transfer but not work. Irreversible processes like friction always increase a system's entropy. Closed systems exchange energy through work and heat transfer, while open systems can also exchange matter. The document provides examples calculating entropy change and generation to determine the irreversibility of processes.

Uploaded by

Yaadav Krishna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4/9/2023

Entropy Balance
The property entropy is a measure of molecular disorder or
randomness of a system

The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy can be


created but it cannot be destroyed.

the entropy change of a system during a process is equal


to the net entropy transfer through the system boundary
and the entropy generated within the system.

An energy interaction that is accompanied by entropy transfer is heat


transfer, and an energy interaction that is not accompanied by entropy
transfer is work.

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4/9/2023

Entropy generation

Irreversibilities such as friction, mixing, chemical reactions, heat


transfer through a finite temperature difference, unrestrained
expansion, non-quasi equilibrium compression, or expansion
always cause the entropy of a system to increase, and entropy
generation is a measure of the entropy created by such effects
during a process

Closed system

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4/9/2023

Open system

Rate form:

A heat source at 800 K loses 2000 kJ of heat to a sink at (a) 500


K and (b) 750 K. Determine which heat transfer process is more
irreversible.

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4/9/2023

For sink at 500 K

For sink at 750 K

A completely reversible heat pump produces heat at a


rate of 300 kW to warm a house maintained at 24oC. The
exterior air, which is at 7oC, serves as the source.
Calculate the rate of entropy change of the two reservoirs
and determine if this heat pump satisfies the second law
according to the increase of entropy principle.

4
4/9/2023

Steam at 7 MPa and 450°C is throttled in a valve to a pressure of 3 MPa


during a steady-flow process. Determine the entropy generated during
this process and check if the increase of entropy principle is satisfied.

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4/9/2023

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