A TECHNICAL REPORT OF SIWES TRAINING CONDUCTED

AT NATIONAL ORTHOPEDIC HOSPITAL, KANO STATE,

NIGERIA

BY

UMAR SALIM ISAH

UG18CSC1044

SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER

SCIENCE, BAYERO UNIVERSITY KANO IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD
OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE(BSc Hons.) IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE.

SUPERVISED BY
****************

DECEMBER, 2022
 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the Student Industrial Working Experience

Scheme (SIWES) was carried out by UMAR SALIM ISAH

(UG18CSC1044) and has been carried out under my supervision.

_______________________ ________________
*********** Date
(SIWES Supervisor)

_______________________ ________________
S.M. Tanimu Date
(SIWES Coordinator)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my profound gratefulness to Almighty Allah for supporting me

throughout my IT program. May peace and blessings of Allah be upon my noble

prophet Muhammad (SAW). All thanks are to you Allah, for limitless mercy

which is what made this long journey possible.

I also want to express my appreciation to my supervisors for their intellectual

support during our work together.

My reserved appreciation goes to my supervisor ********** not only guiding

me towards the successful completion of this work, but also for endless service

to humanity, thank you sir and may God reward you with Jannatul Firdaus.

Finally, my distinct appreciation goes to M. Kabir Uba Leader; the SIWES

Coordinator, at National Orthopaedic Hospital, Kano. You are one in a million

Sir! Thank You Sir and May God reward you.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE

CERTIFICATION.................................................................................................i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT....................................................................................ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................iii

CHAPTER ONE...................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................1

1.1 Introduction on SIWES...............................................................................1

1.2 Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) Background..........1

1.3 Aims and Objectives of SIWES..................................................................2

1.4 Importance of SIWES..............................................................................4

1.5 The Role of Student In The Place Of Attachment.......................................4

1.6 Bodies Involved In the Management of SIWES Program...........................5

CHAPTER TWO..................................................................................................6

LITERATURE REVIEW..................................................................................6

2.1 Background of National Orthopedic Hospital, Dala...................................6

2.2 Information Technology Department..........................................................7

2.3 Units.............................................................................................................9

2.4 Organizational Structure of National Orthopedic Hospital.........................9

CHAPTER THREE............................................................................................11

COMPUTER WORKSHOP AND MAINTENANCE....................................11

3.1 Printer Repair and Maintenance................................................................11

3.2 System Restore..........................................................................................13

3.3 Clean Install...............................................................................................14

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 3.4 Data Backup..............................................................................................16

3.5 PC Maintenance and Repair......................................................................17

3.6 Maintenance of PC Components...............................................................18

3.7 Windows Installation.................................................................................20

3.8 Troubleshooting.........................................................................................20

3.9 CPU Maintenance......................................................................................21

3.10 CMOS Battery and BIOS........................................................................23

3.11 Changing Hard Disk................................................................................25

3.12 Fixing Blue Screen..................................................................................28

3.13 System Upgrade.......................................................................................30

3.14 Router Configuration...............................................................................33

3.15 IP Addressing..........................................................................................34

CHAPTER FOUR..............................................................................................36

SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION........................36

4.1 Summary....................................................................................................36

4.2 Recommendation.......................................................................................36

4.3 Conclusion.................................................................................................37

REFERENCES...................................................................................................38

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction on SIWES

The student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) was introduced to

institutions of Higher learning to enable student has practical knowledge,

experience and skills in their respective fields of study. In view of that, I was

attached to National Orthopedic Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria.

The training program is very vital because it exposes the student to equipment,

machines and administrative work experience which are not adequately

available at various learning institutions, it also exposes the students to inter

relate with their colleagues and prepare them for the challenges they are likely

to encounter after graduating from the school.

1.2 Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) Background

The student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is a skill training

program, which forms part of the approved minimum academic standards in the

various degree/diploma programs for all Nigerian Tertiary Institutions. It seeks

to bridge the gap existing between theory and practice of engineering,

technology, sciences, and other professional educational programs in the

Nigerian tertiary institutions.

It is aimed at exposing students to machine and equipment, professional work

methods and ways of safe guarding the work areas and workers in industries

and other organizations.

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The scheme is a tripartite program that involves the tertiary institutions, the

industry (employers of labor) and the Industrial Training fund (I.T.F).

The exercise started with the establishment of Industrial Training Fund (I.T.F)

which is being funded under decree 47 of 1971 and approved by the National

University Commission (N.U.C) for all universities of technology and other

tertiary institutions in a bid to boost indigenous capacity for the nation’s

industrial needs. The fund observed a wide gap existing between theory and

practical. The need for SIWES arises from the federal government directives

and the universities policy on the subject that all students in higher institutions

of learning must undergo a compulsory period of industrial training with

reputable and accredited organization in order to satisfy the university

requirement.

1.3 Aims and Objectives of SIWES

i. Provide an avenue for students in the Nigerian Tertiary Institution to

acquire industrial skills and experience in their course of study.

ii. Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling

equipment and machinery that may not be available in their

institutions of learning.

iii. To expose students to work methods and technique.

iv. To provide an avenue for students to acquire industrial skill.

v. To provide student with an opportunity to apply their theoretical

knowledge in real work situation

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 vi. To strengthen the relationship between educational institution and

industrial section.

vii. To express and prepare students for the industrial working situation

they are likely to meet after graduation.

viii. Bridge the gap between theory and practical.

ix. To expose students on how to handle tool that are not in their

educational institutions.

x. Make the transition from school to the world of work easier

xi. To provide an avenue for students in institution of higher learning to

acquire industrial skills and experience in their course of study

xii. To prepare students for the industrial work situation they are to meet

after graduation.

xiii. To expose students to work method and techniques in handling

equipment and machinery that may not be available in their

institutions.

xiv. To make the transition from school to the world of work easier, and

enhance students contact for later job placement.

xv. To provide student with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in

real work situation thereby bridging the gap between theory and

practice.

xvi. To orient students on what their profession is all about.

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1.4Importance of SIWES

1) It provides students with opportunities to apply their theoretical

knowledge in the real life situation.

2) Improve your cross-cultural communication skills.

3) It will give you a competitive edge over graduate with no work

experience.

4) You will get to meet different people in your future career path.

5) It provides students with an opportunity to apply their theoretical

knowledge in real life situation.

6) It exposes students to more practical work methods and techniques.

7) It strengthens link between the employers, universities and industrial

training fund (ITF).

8) It also prepares the students for the labor market after graduation.

1.5 The Role of Student In The Place Of Attachment

1. Be regular and punctual at their respective place of attachment.

2. Students’ logbook of should be fill each day for daily activities

3. Comply with employers’ rules and regulation

4. Keep proper record of training activities and other assignments in the

logbook

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1.6 Bodies Involved In the Management of SIWES Program

The government decree No.47 of 8th Oct; 1971 as amended in 1990, highlighted

the capacity building of human resources in industries, commerce and

government through training and retraining of workers in order to effectively

provide the much needed high quality goods and services in a dynamic

economy as ours (Jemerigbo 2003). The decree led to the establishment of

industrial training found (ITF) in 1973/1974.

ITF has as one of its key function; to work as cooperative entity with industry

and commerce where students in institution of higher learning can undertake

mid-career work experience attachment in industries which are compatible with

student’s area of study (Okorie 2002, in Asikadi 2003).

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 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Background of National Orthopedic Hospital, Dala

The National Orthopedic Hospital (NOH), Dala-Kano, Nigeria has been serving

the nation since 1959 in the field of trauma and Orthopedic Surgery. Hundreds

of reputable surgeons, orthopedic nurses, plaster technicians and accident and

emergency staff have been trained here at the NOH. It is the region's heartbeat

in the field .of trauma and orthopedic surgery where post graduate fellowship is

also available.

The hospital is bounded in the north by Aminu Kano International Airport,

south by Dala Hills, West by Federal School of Physiotherapy and in the east by

Kofar Ruwa Multipurpose market. The federal Ministry of Health had wanted to

establish Orthopedic Hospital in the Northern Region. The Government of the

Northern Region invited Dr. A. F. Bryson (a Briton) to work in Kano and study

the possibility and place of sitting of Orthopedic Hospital in the North.

Dr. Bryson despite many set-backs planned and designed the Orthopedic

Hospital, not as an aftermath of world war, civil war or tribal war.

Since 21st December 1959, when the Hospital was declared open by the then

Premier of the Northern Region, Late Sir Ahmadu Bello, the hospital has gone

through different managements.

The services rendered by this Hospital extend to all the Northern States and to

neighboring countries like Niger and Chad. The resources available in this

6
Hospital are therefore stretched because of this wide coverage. This necessitates

expansions.

At inception, the Hospital was involved in the treatment of cold cases (non-

emergencies) only. The emergency cases were treated at the then City Hospital

now Murtala Mohammed Specialist, Kano and such emergencies were referred

to this Hospital as necessary.

In addition to treating patients with musculoskeletal disorders, the Hospital

subsequently evolved into a training Institution with the establishment of a

School of Post – Basic Orthopaedic Nursing in 1965. By 1987, ward attendants

from health institutions around Kano were sent for a six – month’s practical

attachment in Plaster Technique to this Hospital. The emphasis at that time was

on practical training. The first institution to send such a staff was the Usman

Dan Fodio Teaching Hospital Sokoto. By 1994, the course was restructured to

incorporate theory also and hospitals from neighboring states have been sending

their staff for this training. Again in 1994, this Hospital was accredited for

Residency training in Orthopedics and Trauma by the National Postgraduate

Medical College of Nigeria. This Hospital is currently a 190 bedded facility.

2.2 Information Technology Department

The IT Department of the National Orthopedic Hospital carries out various

activities which are:

1. Implementation of hospital policy on information technology.

2. Software design and development.

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3. Training of the computer operators in the hospital; the secretaries, the

typists and other members of staff as directed by the Hospital

Management.

4. Maintenance of all the hardware and computer peripherals in the hospital

and providing immediate solution to Hardware and Software problems.

5. Supervision of hospital IT consultants in the implementation of IT related

contract and agreement.

6. Administration and maintenance of the Computer Network in the

Hospital.

7. Updating and maintenance of the hospital’s personnel management

software package.

8. Production of current staff nominal roll for the management whenever the

need arises.

9. Accessing Internet, browsing, surfing and downloading relevant materials

for the management from the Net.

10.Supervision of the on-going data capturing into the medical records

package developed recently for the Hospital’s Medical Records

Department.

11.Supervision of on-going Website Development for the Hospital by

Wisdom Cybernetics Internet Corporation, USA.

12.Production of staff ID cards.

13.Managing the Hospital Email and creating corporate Email for staff.

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 2.3 Units

 Administrative Services

 Clinical Services

 Information Technology

 Support Service

2.4 Organizational Structure of National Orthopedic Hospital

Chief Medical Director

Board of Visitors

Admin Services Clinical Services Information Technology Support Services

Accounts Department Nursing Services Medical Library Commercial Catering

Audits Department NHIS Telephone Unit Instrument Engineering
Hospital Administration Pathology Information Servicom Laundry
Radiology Medical Records
Occupational Therapy Medical Social Work
Pharmacy Public Health
Physiotherapy Transport Unit

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2.5 Aims and Purpose of the it Department

1) Manage information technology and computer systems;

2) Ensure accessibility of information technology to all staff of the

Hospital through the provision of hard and software.

3) Ensuring regular monitoring and maintenance of the Hospital’s I.C.T

Technology to ensure maximum access;

4) Facilitates the provision of ICT systems, infrastructure, applications and

support to the various users.

5) Managed the ICT resources for better performance.

6) Develop and maintain ICT strategy for the Hospital by initiating,

developing and managing, ICT projects.

7) Perform other related duties as required during working hours

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 CHAPTER THREE

COMPUTER WORKSHOP AND MAINTENANCE

3.1 Printer Repair and Maintenance

Before installing your printer, first, read the manual. This little book has all the

information related to your printers such as parts, installation, warranty, and

more for the long-life of the PRINTER. Here are some tips on maintaining a

printer.

1. Placement: A printer like other machines needs to be placed well for

optimum results. It should be kept away from heat, moisture or dry air coming

out from the CPU of the computer. This can clog the print head resulting in poor

print quality. Also, it should be kept in a quiet corner of the office where people

passing by don’t hit it.

2. Clean Heads & Insides: A printer should be cleaned inside out and covered

after use. It has delicate parts that get coated with dust. At regular intervals

clean it from inside to avoid accumulation of dust and grime. Use a lint-free

cloth or moistened cotton swab for cleaning.

Also, for a smooth flow of ink, you should clean the print heads with warm

water. Avoid using wet tissue for the same and allow the head to dry before

fixing CARTRIDGES back in place.

3. Place and Replace Cartridges: Refilling your ink cartridges is an important

aspect of printer’s proper functioning. Just because refill cartridges are

expensive, people tend to purchase cheaper ink and spoil the printer and the

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printout quality. So, always go for purchasing branded and best-in-quality

cartridges that keep your printer in good condition and your printouts as well.

 Another thing to consider is the time for refilling. Don’t wait for the ink to dry

out completely. Once the printer notifies you of the dropped level of cartridges,

refill them. Printer head is likely to get damaged with dried cartridges. Also,

read the instructions before replacing the cartridges. Avoid touching cartridges

from below for quality printing and shop for high-quality ones that are not too

delicate to handle.

4. Latest Driver for Installation: Another great way to keep your printer away

from any issue is by updating drivers. Some manufacturers provide an

automatic update but for others, you need to do manual updates. If the software

is out-of-date, your printer might fail to give you desired results. These updates

eliminate loopholes and improve the printing software.

5. Turn It Off: Turn off the printer when not in use for a long time. This will

increase the life of the printer and its cartridge won’t dry up soon. Subsequently,

the head of the printer will get clogged and keeping it continuously on can worn

out other parts of it.

It is necessary for a printer to get used regularly else the ink nozzles will soon

dry up, leading to streaky printing. For a business owner, the printer would find

its requirement every day, but if you are not a regular user.

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3.2 System Restore

System Restore is a feature in Microsoft Windows that allows the user to revert

their computer's state (including system files, installed applications, Windows

Registry, and system settings) to that of a previous point in time, which can be

used to recover from system malfunctions or other problems. First included

in Windows Me, it has been included in all following desktop versions of

Windows released since, excluding Windows Server. In Windows 10, System

Restore is turned off by default and must be enabled by users in order to

function. This does not affect personal files such as documents, music, pictures,

and videos.

In prior Windows versions it was based on a file filter that watched changes for

a certain set of file extensions, and then copied files before they were

overwritten. An updated version of System Restore introduced by Windows

Vista uses the Shadow Copy service as a backend (allowing block-level changes

in files located in any directory on the volume to be monitored and backed up

regardless of their location) and allows System Restore to be used from

the Windows Recovery Environment in case the Windows installation no longer

boots at all.

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3.3 Clean Install

If your computer has an older operating system like Windows XP or Vista, you

won’t be able to upgrade for free. In these cases, you’ll need to buy a boxed

copy of Windows 10 to have a valid license for the installation.

But take in consideration that old computers that have either XP or Vista

installed might have obsolete hardware components and might not be suitable

for Windows 10. In this case, make sure you review the system requirements

listed at the beginning of this chapter to check if your computer is qualified for

a Windows 10 upgrade.

If you choose this type of an installation, just insert the disc in your computer

and turn it on. Most computers will ask you to press a specific key to boot from

the CD/DVD, but most systems use the F12 key. After accessing the disc, you

just have to follow the steps which are very similar to the ones from the

upgrade.

After you have installed or upgraded your Windows, you will get a Welcome

Screen with the time and date. Just click anywhere to go to the User Accounts

Screen.

14
This screen lets you choose which user you want to log in to from the lower-

left corner. After choosing the right user, and entering a password if necessary,

you will see the Windows Desktop.

15
The Windows Desktop is simply your operating system main screen. Here you

have access to an array of tools like the Start Menu, Taskbar, and other icons.

Windows 10 also introduces a search box in the Taskbar, which facilitates

browsing both your computer and the Web.

3.4 Data Backup

A data backup is a copy of the data on a computer hard drive that is saved to

another storage device or to cloud storage. In an organization, backups may be

performed on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis.

If you are unsure about whether a backup has been done, do not attempt any

troubleshooting activities until you check with the customer. Here is a list of

items to verify with the customer regarding whether a backup has been

performed:

 Date of the last backup

 Contents of the backup

 Data integrity of the backup

 Availability of all backup media for a data restore

If the customer does not have a current backup and you are not able to create

one, ask the customer to sign a liability release form. A liability release form

contains at least the following information:

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  Permission to work on the computer without having a current backup

available

 Release from liability if data is lost or corrupted

 Description of the work to be performed

Troubleshooting Process

 Step 1. Identify the problem.

 Step 2. Establish a theory of probable cause.

 Step 3. Test the theory to determine the cause.

 Step 4. Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and implement

the solution.

 Step 5. Verify full system functionality and, if applicable, implement

preventive measures.

 Step 6. Document findings, actions, and outcomes.

3.5 PC Maintenance and Repair

This is the practice of keeping computers in a good state of repair. A computer

containing accumulated dust and debris may not run properly.

Dust and debris will accumulate as a result of air cooling. Any filters used to

mitigate this need regular service and changes. If the cooling system is not

17
filtered then regular computer cleaning may prevent short circuits and

overheating.

18
3.6 Maintenance of PC Components

Keyboard

The crumbs, dust, and other particulate that fall between the keys and build up

underneath are loosened by spraying pressurized air into the keyboard, then

removed with a low-pressure vacuum cleaner. A plastic-cleaning agent applied

to the surface of the keys with a cloth is used to remove the accumulation of oil

and dirt from repeated contact with a user's fingertips. If this is not sufficient for

a more severely dirty keyboard, keys are physically removed for more focused

individual cleaning, or for better access to the area beneath. Finally, the surface

is wiped with a disinfectant.

Monitor

A monitor displays information in visual form, using text and graphics. The

portion of the monitor that displays the information is called the screen. Like a

19
television screen, a computer screen can show still or moving pictures and it’s a

part of Output Devices.

Mouse

The top surface of the mouse is wiped with a plastic cleanser to remove the dirt

that accumulates from contact with the hand, as on the keyboard. The bottom

surface is also cleaned to ensure that it can slide freely. If it is a mechanical

mouse, the trackball is taken out, not only to clean the ball itself, but to scrape

dirt from the runners that sense the ball's movement and can become jittery or

stuck if impeded by grime.

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Tower/desktop unit

Internal components accumulate dust brought in by the airflow maintained by

fans to keep the PC from overheating. A soft brush may remove loose dirt; the

remainder is dislodged with compressed air and removed with a low-pressure

vacuum. The case is wiped down with a cleaning agent. A pressurized blower

or gas duster can remove dust that cannot be reached with a brush

3.7 Windows Installation

In this section I learned the two approaches you can take for installing

Windows 10 in your computer: Upgrade or a Clean Install.

Typically, when you upgrade your operating system, all your documents and

applications remain unchanged, whereas with a clean install you would be

starting again from scratch. But one important thing to verify first is if your

computer has the necessary hardware to support Windows 10.

3.8 Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting is a systematic process used to locate the cause of a fault in a

computer system and correct the relevant hardware and software issues.

Approaching problem solving using a logical and methodical approach is

essential to successful resolution. Although experience is very useful to problem

solving, following a troubleshooting model will enhance effectiveness and

speed.

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Before you begin troubleshooting problems, always follow the necessary

precautions to protect data on a computer. Some repairs, such as replacing a

hard drive or reinstalling an operating system, might put the data on the

computer at risk. Make sure you do everything possible to prevent data loss

while attempting repairs. If your work results in data loss, you or your company

could be held liable.

3.9 CPU Maintenance

This control center, called the processor (CPU), is an extremely complicated,

comprehensive set of digital circuitry that executes stored program instructions.

A not well maintained CPU can make a computer slower which becomes very

disturbing and frustrating. So it is very important to take care of your

computer’s CPU. Your computer makes you suffer a good deal if it is slow.

Below are some ways to take care of your CPU.

 Avoid turn your computer off using the power switch and purchase a

UPS. Always work to switch off your PC manually.

 To switch off your PC then unplug everything and then starting cleaning.

 Clean the CPU with cotton swabs, tweezers and rubbing alcohol.

 Don’t make your CPU overheat because it might melt or harm any

component of hardware. Open the door if your CPU is hidden into any

closed desk or box.

 It’s important to assess if your fan is working correctly or not. Heat is

moved out of their computer’s case by several fans.

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 You are able to open a part of CPU. By this you can enable more Air

Flow into your CPU or Purchase a large CPU fan that can help keep the

CPU temperature lower than a factory installed fan ever could.

 If your CPU case doesn’t allow you to add additional fan then replace

power supply.

 Transfer your CPU to a cleaner area of the room. Before that, unplug

everything and be careful.

 Be careful during plugging and unplugging something such as USB or

RAM or other external or internal devices because your CPU’s internal

and external interface can get damaged from careless positioning.

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3.10 CMOS Battery and BIOS

CMOS stands for “Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor.” The CMOS

battery powers the BIOS firmware in your laptop.

BIOS need to remain operational even when your computer isn’t plugged into a

power source. That’s where the battery comes in. When your computer gets

unplugged, BIOS relies on the CMOS battery for power.

You’ll find CMOS batteries in both laptops and desktop PCs, but it’s used more

frequently in a laptop. That’s because laptops are usually unplugged for a longer

amount of time than desktop PCs. Most desktop PCs are unplugged from their

power source very infrequently.

Every computer has BIOS pre-programmed into its hardware. It’s different than

an operating system. Operating systems can be installed, uninstalled, and

updated long after you’ve bought the computer. BIOS are something that’s

integrated into the computer while it’s being manufactured.

BIOS stand for “Basic Input / Output System.” What exactly does it do?

Basically, it manages the essential functions of your computer.

How to Remove and Replace the CMOS Battery

Let’s remove that old CMOS battery and replace it with a new one. It’s a

relatively simple process. You’ll only need a few supplies:

 Screwdriver (Phillips or flathead, depending on the type of laptop you

have)

 Compressed air
24
  New CMOS battery

 ESD mat

1. Find a good workspace

Your laptop components can be damaged by electrostatic discharge (ESD). To

avoid building up a charge, don’t work on a carpeted surface. Work on a flat,

hard surface. In fact, it’s best to work on a conductive foam pad, if possible.

These pads will prevent ESD.

2. Disconnect everything

Shut down your computer and unplug it from its power source. Unplug any and

all cables from the laptop, including peripherals.

3. Remove the laptop casing

Flip the laptop over. Use the screwdriver to remove the screws holding the

laptop casing in place. Remove the casing once you’ve unscrewed it.

4. Remove the battery

You don’t want the computer to accidentally turn on while you’re working on it.

Usually, the battery is long, heavy, and shaped something like a brick.

5. Remove the CMOS battery

By this point, you should see the motherboard. Be very careful when you’re

working around the motherboard. This is the most important hardware in your

computer and you could seriously damage the laptop if you damage the

motherboard.

25
The CMOS battery is shiny and round. It looks like a button or coin, and it’s

usually placed within a small holding socket. Remove the CMOS battery - it

slides out of the socket just like the batteries in your mouse.

6. Insert the new battery

Place the new battery in the same location. Make sure you place the new battery

in the exact same orientation as the old one.

7. Reattach the casings

Re-screw each of the casings within the computer. Reinstall the battery. Replace

the exterior casing.

8. Test the laptop

Plug your laptop back into its power source and turn it on. BIOS should have

defaulted back to its original settings, so don’t be alarmed if the date and time is

still incorrect, or if there are drivers missing. You will need to reset the time and

reinstall the drivers.

3.11 Changing Hard Disk

In the following guide, I will explain the basic steps for how to replace a hard

drive, as well as the best way to get the operating system up and running again.

This guide works for both replacing a defective hard drive and for swapping out

an outdated one for something with more space and speed.

1. Back up Data: Before you do any of the steps involved with physically

replacing the drive, back up everything it contains that you wish to keep,

including:

26
  Programs

 Documents

 Photo and video files

 Music files and playlists

 Games and downloadable content (DLC)

You can do this by using the cloud to save hard drive storage via a backup

service or by using an external data storage device. Take time to review what

programs you want to keep, and assemble your original discs or data files for

reinstallation on your new drive.

2. Create a Recovery Disc: To reinstall your Windows OS on your new

computer, create a recovery disc that the computer can use to boot up the new,

blank drive after it’s installed. You can create one by visiting the Windows

website for your particular operating system version and downloading it to a

CD-ROM or USB device. Make sure you have enough free space on your

storage disc or drive before starting, and that it is properly formatted according

to Windows directions.

3. Remove the Old Drive: Make sure your computer is turned off and

unplugged before starting. We also advise that you use an anti-static mat and

wristband. This tool grounds both the computer and you, so that you don’t

transfer any built-up static electricity to the computer’s delicate internal parts

and possibly short them out. It keeps you from getting a zap, too.

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To begin the process, open the door on your computer case. This will vary by

manufacturer. It is usually held in place by small screws or there may be a

sliding mechanism.

After you and the computer are safely grounded, locate the hard drive and

remove the power cables and data connectors from the drive itself.

Refer to the documentation for installing the new hard drive, and work

backward to see how to disconnect the old hard drive from power and data

connectors specifically. If you’re unsure, check for your specific brand of

computer online.

There will usually be a set of small screws holding the drive into the case.

Remove these next, and then pull out the hard drive from the computer case or

bay with a sliding motion. While it’s not necessary to physically remove the

disconnected old drive, many prefer to get it out of the way. This frees up space

in your computer case for other components down the road, such as a second

hard drive. It also creates more air movement around the new drive. If you do

choose to leave the old drive inside the computer case, make sure all of the

connections remain disconnected.

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4. Place the New Drive: To put the new drive in, simply reverse the steps you

already performed. Plug in the power connectors according to the new drive’s

documentation, then follow up with data connection cords. Depending on how

short the connectors are, you may have to slide the drive into the bay first. A

small flashlight can be helpful for seeing into the small space of the bay as you

work. Replace the screws that hold the drive into the case, replace the computer

case and you’re now ready to set up a new drive.

5. Reinstall the Operating System: After you’ve finished with the physical

portion of your hard drive replacement, and before you ever use it for the first

time, you must properly format and partition the hard drive. This is a simple

process for Windows users, but it must happen before anything else.

Fortunately, putting the operating system back on the computer performs these

two steps automatically.

6. Reinstall your programs and files: Now that you have Windows working

on a new hard drive, you can start the process of putting the things you want

back on the computer. Your cloud backup or external drive should be accessed

by using the software it recommends to retrieve files. Simply pick the files you

want to restore and you’re good to go. You can also get just the basics at this

point and continue adding things as you find them necessary over time.

3.12 Fixing Blue Screen

On Windows 10, a "blue screen," "stop error," or "system crash" — will always

happen after a critical error occurs, which the system is not able to handle and

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resolve automatically. Usually, you'll experience a blue screen error during the

upgrade process of Windows 10, during startup, or randomly when actively

using your laptop or desktop. The most frustrating part of all is that you'll only

see a solid blue background and a sad character face without enough valuable

information to determine the real cause of the problem.

In the case that you are dealing with errors during the installation of Windows

Uninstall incompatible app

To uninstall an app that may be conflicting with the installation of windows 10,

use these steps:

1) Open Settings.

2) Click on Apps.

3) Click on Apps & features.

4) Select the app that may be causing issues and click the Uninstall button.

5) Click the Uninstall button again.

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Quick note: If you're removing a legacy desktop application, you may need to

continue with the on-screen directions.

Once you complete the steps, you may need to repeat the steps to uninstall

additional apps, and then you can try the upgrade one more time. After the

update, you can reinstall the apps again.

3.13 System Upgrade

If your computer qualifies for a Windows 10 upgrade, then you can follow

these steps to perform the upgrade −

Step 1 − Look for the Windows 10 notification in the lower-right corner of the

screen. This is a one-year-only offer that Microsoft is extending to valid users

of Windows 7 and Windows 8.1.

Step 2 − By clicking on the notification, it will start the download and

installation process of Windows 10 in your system.

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The download required for the upgrade is quite large, so make sure you have a

stable Internet connection and continuous power for your computer to avoid

interruptions during the process.

Step 3 − After the download is complete, it will prompt you to accept

Microsoft’s license terms.

Step 4 − After agreeing to the terms, it will ask if you want to install the

upgrade at that moment or schedule it for later.

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Since the upgrade process can take approximately 2 hours, it will be helpful to

schedule it for a time, that will be more suitable to you.

Step 5 − Once the upgrade starts, the system will perform a series of tasks,

during which you will see the following screen.

During this time, your computer will reboot a couple of times, so don’t worry.

The process itself will take you through the steps to complete the upgrade.

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Step 6 − As the upgrade approaches its end, it will ask you to configure some

basic Windows settings. You can choose to use Express settings, which will

apply the most common or recommended settings, or you can choose

to customize the settings as you please.

Step 7 − After the upgrade finishes, you’ll see the Windows welcome screen.

3.14 Router Configuration

Router is a device that connect entire network to each other. Switches use MAC

addresses to forward a frame within a single network. Routers use IP addresses

to forward frame to other networks. A router can be a computer with special

network software installed, or a router can be a device built by network

equipment manufacturers. Routers contain tables of IP addresses along with

optimal destination routes to other networks.

A router is a network layer device that passes data packets between networks

based on Layer 3 addresses (IP address). A router can make decisions regarding

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the best path for delivery of data on the network. Working at Layer 3 allows the

router to make decisions based on network addresses.

Fig: Router

3.15 IP Addressing

An IP address is an identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network.

Networks using the TCP/IP portal route message based on it IP address of the

destination.

The format of an IP address is a 32 BIT numeric address written as four

numbers separated by periods. Example: 127.0.0.1

How to insert an IP address

- Click on start menu

- Select Control panel

- Click Network and internet

- Click Network and sharing center

- Click change adapter setting

- Right click on wireless network connections and go to properties.

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 - Select the internal protocol IPV4/IPV6 and click on properties and you

can create a static IP address or dynamic static means manually assigning

a unique address while dynamic IP address is accomplished via a server

or host called DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Program) that

automatically assign a unique IP address to each computer.

How to Ping an IP Address

The ping command allows you to test the connection between you and another

network node.

Steps

Pinging with windows

1. Open the command prompt

If using windows open the command prompt. Click the start button and

enter CMD into the search field press enter to launch the command

prompt

2. Enter the ping command “ping <IP address>”

If you know the IP addresses that you want to ping replace <IP Address>

with it for example:- to ping the IP Address 192.168.1.1 type ping

192.168.1.1

3. Press enter to see your ping output.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

4.1 Summary

In this report, I have explained the experience and listed the knowledge I

acquired during my Six-month SIWES Programme at National Orthopaedic

Hospital Kano, starting with the foundation of SIWES programme; why it is

needed and its objectives, the organisations and bodies involved with SIWES

such as the ITF, the history of place of attachment; their goals. Then moving on

to the experience and knowledge gained during my SIWES programme.

Then about the experience I gained during the course of my SIWES in N.O.H

Kano. I was assigned variety of jobs; these jobs include networking, physical

component of a network and network topology. And also part of the computer,

include hard disk, keyboard, mouse.

4.2 Recommendation

1. The assigned ITF staffs should try and visit the students under their

supervision to make sure they are doing well at their place of attachment.

2. The University should help list out relevant places of attachment for

students, so that student will not go for the wrong place or organization

that is not relevant to their field of study.

3. The School and the coordinator of SIWES scheme could assist students in

securing IT placement, because so many students find it difficult to

secure placement on time.

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 4. The fund should be given immediately before the programme starts in

order to help student secure transportation fairs and to jet more courage to

students.

5. The places of attachment should be strict in maintaining the punctuality

and attendance of students.

4.3 Conclusion

The practical attachment exercise has been fruitful. It provides opportunity to

the students to have the practical knowledge of the theoretical aspects of their

course of study. The attachment also helped the students to acquire certain

experience through which in the future would guide them undertaking their

responsibilities as future practioners.

The Industrial training program has exposed me to know how really the world

works. I have learned a lot from the staffs of the National Orthopaedic Hospital.

Moreover, I have gained new knowledge and practical experience all of which

could not have been taught in the classroom. I have also improved my

communication skills, where I have confidence to communicate with the

peoples more effectively after undergoing a series of presentations, and have

been able to voice out my opinions and suggestions clearly.

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REFERENCES

Cisco Website (ciscopress.com)

Computer Hardware Basics and its Components (Websites)

https://www.informationq.com/computer-hardware-basics-and-its-
components/

Students Industrial Training https://www.freeonlineresearchpapers.com/siwes-

project-computer-science

The National Orthopedic Hospital (NOH), Dala-Kano(nohkano.gov.ng)

Tutorials Point (tutorialspoint.com)

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