Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil Name of department that
National Medical University provides teaching
Syllabus of the discipline Department of Physiology with
«Physiology» basics of bioethics and biosafety
Specialty 222 «Medicine»
Educational program 22 Health care
Educational Qualifying Level Second level of higher education
Degree of Higher Education Master
Discipline status Normative
Educational year, semester 2 course / ІІІ–ІV semesters
Language English
Number of credits 10
Distribution by types of Lectures – 62 hours (ІІІ semester – 20 hours, ІV semester – 42
classes and hours of study hours).
Practical classes – 110 (ІІІ semester – 52 hours, ІV semester – 58
hours).
Individual work – 128 hours (ІІІ semester – 60 hours, ІV semester
– 68 hours).
Semester control / control ІІІ semester – passed
measures ІV semester – exam
Information about the Course Lectures:
Head / Teachers Volkova Natalia Mykhailivna, Prof., DSc, PhD, MD,
0634323508, volkova@tdmu.edu.ua
Zyatkovska Neonila Yevgenivna, PhD, Associate Professor,
0972093794, zyatkovska@tdmu.edu.ua;
Pankiv Ihor Bohdanovych, PhD, Associate Professor,
0951156368, pankiv@tdmu.edu.ua;
Teachers for practical classes:
Volkova Natalia Mykhailivna, DSc, PhD, MD, Prof.,
0634323508, volkova@tdmu.edu.ua
Zyatkovska Neonila Yevgenivna, PhD, Associate Professor,
0972093794, zyatkovska@tdmu.edu.ua;
Pankiv Ihor Bohdanovych, PhD, Associate Professor,
0951156368, pankiv@tdmu.edu.ua;
Ratynska Оksana Мykolaivna, PhD, Associate Professor,
0967494872, ratynskaom@tdmu.edu.ua;
Nakonechna Sofia Stanislavivna, PhD, Associate Professor,
0973078229, nakoneshnasofi@tdmu.edu.ua;
Tatarchyk Liudmyla Vasylivna, DSc, PhD, MD, Assistant
Professor, 0977910817, tatarchyklv@tdmu.edu.ua;
Volotovska Natalia Volodymyrivna, PhD, Assistant Professor,
0960953732, volotovska@tdmu.edu.ua;
Horban Liudmyla Ihorivna, PhD, Assistant Professor,
0682317579, horban@tdmu.edu.ua;
Zarichna Olga Yosypivna, PhD, Assistant Professor, 0974059197,
zarichnaoi@tdmu.edu.ua;
Shmata Roman Mikhailovych, PhD, Assistant Professor,
0979790428, roman@tdmu.edu.ua.
Address of the department Department of Physiology, Bioethics and Biosafety
and venue of the course 2 Yu. Slovatskyi Street, Ternopil, 46001,
Telephone: (0352) 25-37-93
https://np.tdmu.edu.ua/home
E-mail - fyziology@tdmu.edu.ua
Days of classes According to the current schedule
Consultations Rework of the missed classes ad consultations are held from
Monday to Thursday from 15:30 to 20:00
Location https://moodle.tdmu.edu.ua/course/view.php?id=463
2. Discipline Description
Physiology as a basic discipline, focused on the training of highly qualified masters of medicine and
is one of the most important subjects in the medical education system.
This program is based on the latest advances in medical and biological disciplines.
The subject of studying is the functions of a living organism, their relationship with each other,
regulation and adaptation to the external environment, origin and formation in the process of evolution and
individual development of the individual.
Physiology as an educational discipline provides the training of masters who have a significant
amount of theoretical and practical knowledge about the structural and functional features of the organism at
different levels of its organization;
A) is based on the study of students of medical biology, medical and biological physics, medical
chemistry, biological and bioorganic chemistry, morphological disciplines and integrates with these
disciplines;
B) establishes the basis for students to study pathophysiology and propaedeutics of clinical
disciplines, which involves the integration of teaching with these disciplines and the formation of the ability
to apply knowledge of physiology in the process of further training and professional activity;
C) lays the foundation for a healthy lifestyle and prevention of functional impairment in the process
of life.
As a result of studying the discipline "Physiology" the student must know:
• structural and functional features of somatic, autonomous, sensory, regulatory and reproductive
systems of the human body; key indicators of the status and functioning under physiological norm;
• conditions, laws and mechanisms for the implementation of certain functions of the human body
and its life processes depending on age, body and environmental conditions;
• physiological basis of behavior, higher nervous activity and adaptation mechanisms;
• Principles of methods for determining the performance of the organs and systems of the animal
body.
As a result of studying the discipline "Physiology" the student should be able to:
• conduct analysis, structuring, integrating theoretical material to clarify: the relationships between the
structure of tissues and organs, physiological systems organization and the functions they perform in the
body; features conditions, laws and mechanisms of individual functions and processes of the organism as a
whole within the physiological norm;
• analyze integrative mechanisms of the body, nervous and humoral regulation of physiological
functions of the body and its systems;
• identify indicators of the functional state of somatic, autonomic and sensory systems;
• assess the state of excitable objects regulatory systems and metabolism;
• determine individually-typological features the human nervous system and physiological indicators;
• evaluate human physical performance and level of mental disability rights by analyzing
physiological parameters;
• explain the physiological basis of methods of investigation functions of the human body under
different physiological conditions;
• analyze and evaluate parameters describing the function of the human body, its organs and systems
and draw conclusions;
• use knowledge of physiological laws of functioning and development of the body to a healthy
lifestyle.
As a result of studying the discipline "Physiology" the student should master following
practical skills:
1. Determination of musclar strength of the hand (dynamometry)
2. Determination of the hemoglobin concentration using the cyanmethemoglobin method.
3. Evasluation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate
4. Determination of blood types in the АВО system using standard serums and monoclonal
antibodies
5. Determination of blood types in the CDE system using monoclonal antibodies
6. Conducting spirometry.
7. Measurement of arterial blood pressure using the auscultatory method
8. ECG recording in standard, augmented and chest leads
9. Analysis of normal ECG in standard, amplified and thoracic leads.
10.Palpation of the pulse
11.Conducting transmission spectrophotometry (pulse oximetry)
12.Evaluation of visual acuity.
3. The Aim of the Discipline
The purpose of teaching the discipline "Physiology" is to study the functions of various cells, tissues,
organs and systems in general in order to use the knowledge gained in the study of the following medical
disciplines, and in future professional activities. Establishes an understanding of the concept of health, healthy
lifestyle and prevention of dysfunction in the process of life.
The ultimate goals are set on the basis of the educational program of training a doctor in the specialty
in accordance with the block of its content module, and are the basis for building the content of the discipline.
The description of goals is formulated through skills in the form of target tasks (actions). On the basis of the
ultimate goals for each module or content module, specific goals are formulated in the form of certain skills
(actions), target tasks that ensure the achievement of the ultimate goal of the discipline.
4. Prerequisites and postrequisites of the discipline
Prerequisites: cell biology, basics of general and special histology, modern aspects of biological and
bioorganic chemistry, medical and biological physics.
Postrequisites: pathological physiology, pharmacology, functional diagnostics.
5. Discipline Content
Discipline is divided into 8 chapters:
Chapter 1. Nerve and humoral regulation of body functions.
Theme 1. Physiology is the theoretical base of medicine. History landmarks of physiological science.
Methods of physiology. Input of prominent scientists into development of physiology as a science.
Characteristic of physiological functions and their normal parameters. Interrelation of structure and function.
Aging process. Cell structure. Nerve and humoral regulation of body function.
Theme 2. Bioelectrical phenomena in nerve cells.
Excitility, excitation and inhibition as the basic reaction to irritation. Cellular membrane and it’s
function. Resting potential and action potential. Properties of nerve fibers.
Theme 3. Physiology of synapses. Interneural connections in CNS.
Mechanism of impulse transmission. Synapses structure and classification. Muscle physiology.
Muscle contraction. Electromyography.
Theme 4. Physiological properties of skeletal and smooth muscles.
Physiology of muscles. Single contraction and its phases. Summation of contractions and tetanus.
Strength and muscle work. Dynamometry The law of average loads. Modern theories of muscular contraction
and relaxation. Electromyography.
Theme 5. Role of spinal cord in regulation of motor functions.
Physiology of central nervous system. Adaptive importance of central nervous system. Neuron as a
functional unit. Functions of nerve cells. Satellite cells. Reflex as a principle of nervous system activity.
Theme 6. Role of medulla in regulation of body functions.
Motor function of the brain stem. Reflex as a principle of nervous system activity.
Theme 7. Functioning of large hemispheres of the brain and cerebellum.
The role of the cerebellum in management posture, muscle tone, coordination. The functions of the
basal ganglia in movement and their role in the formation of muscle tone and complex motor acts in the
organization and implementation of motor programs. The role of the limbic system and cerebral cortex in the
regulation of movements integrative function in the central nervous system of movements. Integrative
functions of the thalamus.
Theme 8. Physiology of cerebral cortex.
The cerebral cortex of the brain. The role of the cortex in the formation of the system of the organism.
Afferent, efferent and association cortex. Modern ideas about the localization of functions in the cortex. The
electrical activity of the brain and its clinical significance. The functional structure of voluntary movements.
Theme 9. Structure and functional organization of autonomic nervous system.
Nervous regulation of autonomous functions. Structural and functional features of the autonomic
nervous system. Sympathetic, parasympathetic and metasympathetic departments. The principles of efferent
chain autonomous reflexes. Autonomic ganglia, their function. Preganglionic and postganglionic nerve fibers
and their functional difference. Mechanisms to transfer excitation autonomous ganglia.
Theme 10. Role of autonomic nervous system in regulation of visceral functions. Central regulation of
autonomic functions.
Types of receptors (cholinergic, adrenergic, purynerhic, serotoninergic and others). Mediators and
blockers of autonomic nervous system. The influence of the sympathetic, parasympathetic and
metasympathetic parts on organs. Hypothalamus is an integrative center of autonomous functions, its role in
the integration of somatic, autonomous and endocrine mechanisms in the management of homeostasis, in the
formation of motivations, emotions, stress, biorhythms. The role of the limbic system, the cerebral cortex,
reticular formation, cerebellum, spinal cord in the regulation of autonomous functions. Autonomic reflexes.
Theme 11. Regulation of body functions by hypothalamo–hypophysial system and adrenal glands.
Endocrine regulation of body functions. Feedback as a mechanism of endocrine regulation. Nerve and
endocrine regulation of body function. Structure and function of endocrine system. Endocrine glands and
secretory cells. Mechanism of hormonal action. Synthesis of hormones of adenohypophysis and adrenal
glands.
Theme 12. Humoral regulation of the physiological functions of the organism.
Thyroid hormones, their synthesis and role in the regulation of metabolism and energy, in the growth
and development of the body. Synthesis of calcitonin and its role in regulating the constancy of calcium and
phosphorus levels in the blood. Parathyroid glands and their role in regulation of homeostasis of calcium and
phosphorus. Endocrine function of the pancreas. Synthesis of hormones. Regulation of endocrine function of
the pancreas. Hormonal regulation of sexual functions of an organism. Male and female sex hormones, their
role in the regulation of metabolism and body functions. Sexual cycles. Endocrine function of the placenta.
Theme 13. Age peculiarities of nervous and humoral regulation.
Age-related changes in the functions of the sexual glands and their effects on the development of the
body. Age features of the endocrine system.
Chapter 2. Physiology of blood.
Theme 14. Physiology of the blood system. Erythron.
Blood. The concept of the blood system. The main functions of blood. The composition and amount
of blood in humans. The main physiological constant blood. Plasma its composition. Hematocrit. Osmotic
and oncotic pressure. Red blood cells. The structure, the number of functions.
Theme 15. Respiratory pigments. Rheological properties of blood.
Structure and properties of hemoglobin, its compounds. Number of hemoglobin. Criterion erythrocyte
hemoglobin saturation (mean hemoglobin concentration, color index), its definition. Erythrocyte
sedimentation rate and the factors affecting it. The concept of erythron. Hemolysis, its types.
Theme 16. Physiology of leukocytes. Leukocyte formula.
White blood cells, the number, types. The concept of leukocytosis and leukopenia. Leukocyte
formula, features different types of leukocytes.
Theme 17. Physiological bases of immunity.
The concept of immunity, its types. Age-related changes in the blood system.
Theme 18. Blood types.
Blood groups (ABO system, Rh system, other systems). Methods for determining blood groups.
Rules of blood transfusion. Hematopoiesis and its regulation
Theme 19. Vessel-platelets (Primary) hemostasis.
Platelets, their structure, the number of functions. Stages of vascular-platelet hemostasis coagulation
process and its importance.
Theme 20. Coagulative (secondary) hemostasis.
The modern idea of the main factors involved in blood clotting (plasma, platelet, leukocyte, tissue).
Phases of coagulation.
Theme 21. Anticlotting mechanisms. Fibrinolysis.
Fibrinolysis. The role of the vascular wall in the regulation of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis.
Regulation of blood coagulation, accelerating and slowing down clotting mechanisms. Laboratory studies of
blood.
Theme 22. Age peculiarities of the blood system.
Age features of the blood system
Chapter 3. Physiology of breathing
Theme 23. Biomechanism of breathing.
The values of breathing for the body. The main stages of the process of breathing. The respiratory
cycle. Regulation of the lumen. The value of ciliated epithelium. The mechanism of inspiration. The pressure
in the pleural cavity, it changes during respiration. The elastic properties of the lung and chest cavity walls.
The surface tension of the alveoli and its mechanisms. Surfactant their value.
Theme 24. Ventilation of the lungs. Transport of gases.
Ventilation of the lungs and alveoli, its uneven in different regions of the lungs. Static and dynamic
parameters of external breathing. Gas exchange in the lungs. The relative constancy of alveolar air. Tension
gases dissolved in the blood, methods of measurement. The partial pressure (pCO2, pO2) in the alveolar air.
The mechanisms of gas exchange between inspired air and alveolar gas mixture alveoli and blood. Transport
of gases in blood. The content of O2 and CO2 in arterial and venous blood. Oxygen capacity of blood. Gas
exchange between the blood and tissues. O2 and CO2 tension in the tissue fluids and cells.
Theme 25. Regulation of respiration.
Regulation of breathing. The structures of the central nervous system, providing periodicals. Effect of
gas composition and pH of arterial blood to the frequency and depth of breathing. Central and peripheral
chemoreceptors, their importance in providing gas homeostasis.
Theme 26. Respiration in different functional states and existence conditions. Age peculiarities of the
respiratory system
Changes ventilation during hypercapnia and hypoxia. Breathing in the physical work at high and low
barometric pressure. Backup capabilities of breath. Protective breathing reflexes.
Chapter 4. Physiology of blood circulation
Theme 27. Physiological properties of heart.
Heart structure and functions. Contractile and atypical miocardiocytes. Conductive system of the
heart and its function. Heart automaticity and physiologic properties of miocardium.
Theme 28. Physiological bases of electrocardiography. Registration of electrocardiogram.
Electric cardiac manifestations, their origin and physiological bases of electrocardiography
Theme 29. Electrocardiography as a method of observation.
Methods of analysis of normal ECG
Theme 30. Pumping work of the heart.
Cardiac cycle. The systolic and minute blood volume, cardiac index. Heart sounds, their origin and
physiological basis of methods.
Theme 31. Echocardiography method.
Types of echocardiography. Its value.
Theme 32. Humoral regulation of heart activity. Intracardial regulatory mechanisms.
Myogenic and humoral regulation of cardiac activity. Frank-Starling law, the effect Anrepa,
phenomenon Boudichi. Features of heart activity when overloaded by volume and pressure.
Theme 33. Nerve regulation of heart activity
The influence of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system on heart activity. Age-related
changes in heart activity.
Theme 34. Physiology of blood vessels.
Systemic circulation. Functional classification of blood vessels. Basic laws of hemodynamics. The
mechanism of formation of vascular tone. Total peripheral vascular resistance. Factors that provides blood
flow through the vessels of high and low pressure. The velocity of the blood in different parts of the
circulatory system. Time of full cycle of blood. Blood pressure, the type. Factors that determine the value of
blood pressure. Linear and volumetric rate of blood flow in different parts of the circulatory system.
Physiological basis of methods of measuring blood pressure in the experiment and clinic. Arterial pulse, its
basic parameters.
Theme 35. Physiology of venous and lymphatic system, microcirculation.
Morpho-functional characteristics of the basic structures of the microcirculation. Microcirculation, its
role in the mechanism of exchange of fluids and various substances between blood and tissues. Physiological
characteristics of capacitive vessels. Turn of blood to the heart. Venous pulse and flebohramma.
Theme 36. Regulation of blood flow.
Vascular tone and its regulation
Theme 37. Aged peculiarities of the cardio-vascular system.
Circulatory system of the newborn. Age features circulatory system.
Chapter 5. Digestive system
Theme 38. Digestion in oral cavity.
Digestion: its types (intracellular, cavity, membrane) main stages. Digestive tract, its function
(secretion, motility, absorption). Digestion in the mouth. Mechanical and chemical processing of food.
Salivation. Methods, quantity, composition and properties of saliva, it is important for digestion.
Theme 39. Digestion in stomach.
Digestion in the stomach, its role. Secretory activity of gastric glands. Research methods. The
composition and properties of gastric juice. Phase secretion of the stomach. Physiological basis of research
functions of the stomach.
Theme 40. Digestion in intestine and colon.
Digestion in the small intestine. Foreign-secretory activity of the pancreas. The number, composition
and properties of pancreatic juice and its role. Nervous and humoral regulation of pancreatic secretion. The
role of the liver in digestion. The formation of bile, its composition and properties. Research methods. Liver
and gallbladder bile. Participation of bile in digestion. Regulation formation of bile and its excretion into the
duodenum. Intestinal secretion. Regulation of intestinal secretion.
Theme 41. Absorption in gastrointestinal tract.
Absorption. Research methods. The absorption of substances and different parts of the alimentary
canal and its mechanisms. Features of the absorption of water, salts, carbohydrates, proteins, fats.
Theme 42. Motility of gastrointestinal tract.
Swallowing, its phases. Motor activity of thin intestines, its role in digestion. Motility of the colon.
Chapter 6. Metabolism and thermoregulation.
Theme 43. Exchange of materials. Intensity of metabolic processes in the body.
The energy exchange. General concepts of metabolism. The exchange of substances between the
organism and the environment as basic living conditions and maintaining homeostasis. Plastic and energy
role of nutrients. The balance of income and expenditure matters. The energy balance of the body.
Accounting for income and expenditure of energy, physical calorimetry, caloric value of various nutrients.
Caloric ratio of oxygen. Respiratory rate. The main exchange, value, conditions for its study.
Theme 44. Physiological basis of rational nutrition.
Physiological nutritional standards. The need for protein, depending on age, type of work and the
condition of the body (pregnancy, lactation, etc.). Daily demand in fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts and
vitamins. Physiological basis of nutrition. Vitamins and their role. General biological characteristics of the
main groups of vitamins.
Theme 45. Physiology of temperature regulation
Temperature constancy internal environment as a necessary condition for the normal course of
metabolic processes. Temperature man, his daily fluctuations. The temperature of different parts of the skin
and internal organs. Physical and chemical thermoregulation. Metabolism as a source of heat. The role of the
individual in the heat. Heat. Methods impact of heat from the surface of the body (radiation. Conduction,
convection, evaporation). Physiological mechanisms of heat (blood flow in the vessels of the skin), sweating,
etc.). Peripheral and central thermoreceptors. Center thermoregulation.
Chapter 7. Excretion system
Theme 46. Physiology of kidneys. Uropoesis.
Kidneys. Nephron both morphological and functional unit of the kidney. Blood circulation in the
kidney and its features. The basic processes of urine formation (glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and
secretion). Mechanisms of glomerular filtration rate, composition of primary urine. Reabsortsiya in the
tubules and the mechanisms of its regulation. The final urine and its composition. Urine from the body,
regulation. Physiological basis of research methods renal function.
Theme 47. Role of kidneys in keeping homeostasis
Neuro-hormonal regulation of urine formation (the role of the nervous system and hormones - ADH,
aldosterone, atrial natriuretic hormone, and others). The role of the kidneys in maintaining osmotic pressure,
blood pH, blood volume. Their participation in the maintenance of homeostasis of the organism.
Chapter 8. Physiology of analyzers. Higher nervous activity of human
Theme 48. Physiology of eye.
Visual analyzer. Receptor system. Refraction and accommodation. Accommodative apparatus of the
eye.
Theme 49. Physiology of vision.
Photochemical processes in the receptors of the retina with light. The field of view. Conductive and
cortical parts of the analyzer. The role of the right and left hemispheres in the visual perception. The modern
idea of the perception of color. The main forms of violations of color perception.
Theme 50. Nociceptive sensation.
Nociception. The biological significance of pain, projection and reflected pain. The modern idea of
the nociceptive system. Antinociceptive system. Physiological basis of analgesia and anesthesia.
Theme 51. Physiology of hearing.
Auditory analyzer. The theory of the perception of sounds.
Theme 52. Vestibular analyzer.
Vestibular analyzer. Receptor system. The central vestibular pathways. The role of the vestibular
apparatus in the assessment of body position in space and during its move. Training vestibular apparatus.
Theme 53. Somatic and visceral sensory analyzer.
Somato-sensory analyzer, its structure and function. Olfactory analyzer. Receptor. conductor and
cortical departments. Classification smells theory of perception. Taste analyzer. Classification taste.
Interoceptive analyzer.
Theme 54. Conditioned reflex activity.
Congenital forms of behavior (unconditioned reflexes and instincts), their adaptive value for the
organism. Motivation. Higher nervous activity. Conditioned reflex as a form of animal and human adaptation
to changing conditions. Inhibition of conditioned reflexes. The first and second sygnal system.
Theme 55. Physiological bases of psychical functions. Physiology of work.
Memory, its types and mechanisms. Analytical and synthetic activity of the cerebral cortex. Dynamic
stereotype, its physiological nature, importance for learning and acquisition of skills. Emotions and their
biological role. Classification. The theory of emotions. Language. The functions of language. Mechanism of
voice. Physiological methods of language in humans. Figurative and verbal thinking. The role of brain
structures in the process of thinking. Consciousness. Physiological basis of work. Strength, endurance,
performance. Features of physical and mental work. Physiology of adaptation. Mechanisms of adaptive
responses.
Main types of classes according to syllabus are:
A) Lectures.
B) Practical classes.
C) Students individual work.
D) Consultations.
List of tasks for student individual work (SIW).
1. To write out the prescription for solid dosage forms.
2. To write out the prescription for semi-solid dosage forms.
3. To write out the prescription for liquid dosage forms (solutions for the external and internal
usage, tinctures, extracts, new Galen drugs).
4. To write out the prescription for liquid dosage forms (infusion, decoction, emulsions,
suspensions, mixtures).
5. To write out the prescription for parenteral dosage forms
List of practical skills included in the matricula.
1. Determination of musclar strength of the hand (dynamometry)
2. Determination of the hemoglobin concentration using the cyanmethemoglobin method.
3. Evasluation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate
4. Determination of blood types in the АВО system using standard serums and monoclonal
antibodies
5. Determination of blood types in the CDE system using monoclonal antibodies
6. Conducting spirometry.
7. Measurement of arterial blood pressure using the auscultatory method
8. ECG recording in standard, augmented and chest leads
9. Analysis of normal ECG in standard, amplified and thoracic leads.
10.Palpation of the pulse
11.Conducting transmission spectrophotometry (pulse oximetry)
12.Evaluation of visual acuity.
6. Material and technical software of the discipline
Course page on the Moodle platform (personal training system). Site of personal training systems of
Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University discipline "Physiology"
https://moodle.tdmu.edu.ua/course/view.php?id=463.
Training facilities and equipment of the laboratory of functional diagnostics of psychophysiological
research of Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University.
7. Training materials and resources
A) Basic
1. Review of Medical Physiology // W.F.Ganong. 25th Edition, 2015.
2. Textbook of Medical Physiology // A.C.Guyton, J.E.Hall. – 13th edition, 2015.
3. Review of Medical Physiology // W.F.Ganong. – Twentieth edition, 2001.
4. Textbook of Medical Physiology // A.C.Guyton, J.E.Hall. – Tenth edition, 2002.
5. General physiology of excitable tissues. Neural and humoral regulation of organism functions /Vadzyuk
S.N., Nakonechna S.S. -Тернопіль: Укрмедкнига, 2020. 224 с.
6. Basics of bioethics and biosafety. /Vadzyuk S.N., Volkova N.M. –Тернопіль: Укрмедкнига, 2018. 125 р.
B) Additional
1. Stepan N. Vadzyuk, Olga V. Denefil. "Physiology of blood" /Metodical instruction and notes for
practical studies of Normal Physiology. – Тернопіль: "Укрмедкнига", 2003. – 58 с.
2. Stepan N. Vadzyuk, Olga V. Denefil. Physiology of digestion /Metodical instruction and notes for
practical studies of Normal Physiology. – Тернопіль: "Укрмедкнига", 2003. – 40 с.
3. Stepan N., Denefil О.V. Metabolism, temperature homeostasis and excretion /Methodical instructions
and notes for practical studies of Normal Physiology. -Тернопіль: "Укрмедкнига", 2005. – 49 с.
4. Stepan N., Volkova N. Physiology of analyzer system /Methodical instructions and notes for practical
studies of Normal Physiology. - Тернопіль: "Укрмедкнига", 2005. – 53 с.
5. Stepan N., Volkova N. Integrative functions of the brain /Methodical instructions and notes for practical
studies of Normal Physiology. - Тернопіль: "Укрмедкнига", 2005. – 53 с.
6. USMLE Step 1 Lecture Notes 2018: 7-Book Set Physiology -Kaplan Medical 2018: P 3-425.
Information resources:
https://moodle.tdmu.edu.ua/course/view.php?id=463
http://msvitu.com/pages/video/video-06.php
http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/
http://www.physiologyweb.com/
8. Rating evaluation system
Information on current control, assessment for practical class, of practical skills included in the
matricula, assessment of individual work is provided. Minimum and maximum points number received by
the applicant in mastering the discipline should be reflected, separately for current activities, including
individual work, and the results of the final control. The conditions of admission to the final control are
indicated. The scale of assessment and transfer of grades from the 12-point rating to the 200-point, traditional
4-point scale and ECTS assessment scale are presented in the REGULATION on the organization of
educational process in TNMU https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_6g6EQqdqrONU92Z2sySlBvYWc/view
The ongoing current control is carried out during practical classes to check the level of preparation
of the student to perform a particular job. Form of current control: oral discussion evaluation, solving clinical
practical cases, test control. Input (primary), intermediate and final level of knowledge of the student is
estimated. The evaluation results are reflected in the journal.
The student progress is assessed on a 12-points scale.
10-12 points (“excellent”) are given to the student who mastered theoretical knowledge according to
the program and demonstrated an ability to use it in solving practical problems.
7-9 points (“good”) are given to the students who mastered theoretical knowledge according to the
program but made insignificant, non-principal errors in practical implementation.
4-6 points (“fair”) are given to the student who mastered theoretical knowledge but made significant
errors or gaps in some areas.
1-3 points (“poor”) are given to the student who failed in mastering the program, his knowledge and
skills should be further improved in the hours allotted for independent work of the student.
The score for the practical class considered positive if it is 4.0 points and more. It includes all types of
work offered in the methodical instructions ’guideline.
Final Assessment After Complete of Subject Study.
The grade in the discipline is defined as the number of points of the current control, which is 60% of
the total grade in the discipline, and the grade obtained in the exam, which is 40% of the total grade in the
discipline. The maximum number of points that a student can count while
studying the discipline is 200 points, including for the current educational activity of adding points for
student individual work (SIW) - 120 points, for examination control (exam) - 80 points. The grade for the
exam is calculated taking into account the proportion of the points number of obtained by the student for the
test control (75%) and the proportion of the points number obtained during the oral interview with the
examiner (25%). The exam is considered passed if the student scored at least 51 points. If a student has not
passed one of the components of the exam, he is considered the one who has not passed the final examination
in general. The student has to pass again only the part that he failed.
A student who has not scored the minimum number of points in the discipline during the semester
cannot be admitted to the final semester control. This category of students is entitled to additional study of the
discipline during the holidays and must pass it before the beginning of the next semester.
9. Discipline Policies
Academic integrity policy:
The policy of the educational component is based on the principles of academic integrity (link on the
university website https://www.tdmu.edu.ua/wp- content/uploads/2020/04/TNMU-
polozhennia_pro_academich_dobroches.pdf ) and is determined by the system of requirements that the
teacher presents to the applicant in the study of the educational component: compliance with safety rules in
the classroom, prevention of academic plagiarism, falsification, fabrication, write-off, prohibition of
additional sources of information in the assessment of knowledge (including electronic means), when using
Internet resources and other sources of information, the applicant must indicate the source used during
solving the task.
Attendance policy:
The applicant of higher education is obliged to follow the rules of the internal regulations of the
university https://www.tdmu.edu.ua/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Pravyla-vnutrishnogo- rozporyadku.pdf
and attend classes according to the schedule https://asu.tdmu.edu.ua/time-table/student . Attendance is a
mandatory component of assessment. For objective reasons (for example: illness, business trip, internship,
quarantine, etc.) training can take place online in consultation with the teacher. There are days for
consultations, individual classes (five days a week).
Reworks policy:
If the applicant for higher education was absent from classes for any reason, the class has to be
reworked within the time limits set by the teacher. According to the Regulations on the organization of the
educational process in TNMU https://www.tdmu.edu.ua/wp- content/uploads/2020/12/Pro-organizatsiyu-
osvitnogo-protsesu.pdf. All tasks provided by the program must be completed within the timeframe set by the
teacher.
Appeals Policy:
Applicants for higher education have the right to appeal the assessment of the discipline obtained
during the control measures. The appeal is carried out in accordance with the "Regulations on the
organization, conduct of current and final control and the procedure for its appeal"
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vKSocYwDYCGG-dcB5v6xCQhW9x_QcfTT/view .
Policy for Conflicts Management:
Communication between the participants of the educational process (teachers, applicants) is based on
the partnerships, mutual support and mutual assistance, tolerance and respect for the individual, the focusing
on obtaining true scientific knowledge. Conflict resolution is carried out according to specific Regulations of
TNMU and follow the Code of Student`s Ethics https://www.tdmu.edu.ua/en/code-of-student-s-ethics/ and
the University Code of Conduct https://www.tdmu.edu.ua/en/education/rules/
Syllabus: Approved by department meeting
28.05.2021. Protocol №5.
