This document discusses moments of inertia, which are a measure of an object's resistance to changes in rotation. It begins by defining the formulas for calculating the moments of inertia of differential areas about the x, y, and z axes. It then covers the parallel axis theorem, which allows calculating moments of inertia about axes other than the centroidal axes. Radius of gyration is also discussed. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating moments of inertia for basic shapes like rectangles and circles, as well as composite shapes made of multiple simple parts. The goal is to develop the ability to determine moments of inertia, which are important for structural design and analysis.
This document discusses moments of inertia, which are a measure of an object's resistance to changes in rotation. It begins by defining the formulas for calculating the moments of inertia of differential areas about the x, y, and z axes. It then covers the parallel axis theorem, which allows calculating moments of inertia about axes other than the centroidal axes. Radius of gyration is also discussed. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating moments of inertia for basic shapes like rectangles and circles, as well as composite shapes made of multiple simple parts. The goal is to develop the ability to determine moments of inertia, which are important for structural design and analysis.
This document discusses moments of inertia, which are a measure of an object's resistance to changes in rotation. It begins by defining the formulas for calculating the moments of inertia of differential areas about the x, y, and z axes. It then covers the parallel axis theorem, which allows calculating moments of inertia about axes other than the centroidal axes. Radius of gyration is also discussed. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating moments of inertia for basic shapes like rectangles and circles, as well as composite shapes made of multiple simple parts. The goal is to develop the ability to determine moments of inertia, which are important for structural design and analysis.
This document discusses moments of inertia, which are a measure of an object's resistance to changes in rotation. It begins by defining the formulas for calculating the moments of inertia of differential areas about the x, y, and z axes. It then covers the parallel axis theorem, which allows calculating moments of inertia about axes other than the centroidal axes. Radius of gyration is also discussed. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating moments of inertia for basic shapes like rectangles and circles, as well as composite shapes made of multiple simple parts. The goal is to develop the ability to determine moments of inertia, which are important for structural design and analysis.
Statics Soran University Faculty of Engineering Civil Engineering Department
Yousif J. Bas
1ST SEM (2021-2022)
Moments of Inertia CHAPTER OBJECTIVES To develop a method for determining the moment of inertia for an area.
Expected Outcomes Able to determine the moment of inertia for an area.
Hibbeler R. C., Engineering Mechanics , Statics, 13th edition, 2013
Chapter Outline
Moments of Inertia for Areas
Parallel-Axis Theorem for an Area Radius of Gyration of an Area Moments of Inertia for Composite Areas Moments of Inertia for Areas The moments of inertia of a differential area dA about the x and y axes are dIx = y2 dA and dIy = x2 dA, respectively. For the entire area A the moments of inertia are determined by integration; i.e., We can also formulate this quantity for dA about the “pole” O or z axis. This is referred to as the polar moment of inertia. It is defined as dJO = r2 dA, where r is the perpendicular distance from the pole ( z axis) to the element dA. For the entire area the polar moment of inertia is:
From the above formulations it is seen that Ix, Iy, and JO will always be positive since they involve the product of distance squared and area. Furthermore, the units for moment of inertia involve length raised to the fourth power, e.g., m4, mm4, or ft4, in.4. Parallel-Axis Theorem for an Area The parallel-axis theorem can be used to find the moment of inertia of an area about any axis that is parallel to an axis passing through the centroid and about which the moment of inertia is known.
The first integral represents the moment of inertia
of the area about the centroidal axis, Ix. The second integral is zero since the x’ axis passes through the area’s centroid C ; i.e., fy’ dA = yfdA = 0 since y’= 0. Since the third integral represents the total area A , the final result is therefore The form of each of these three equations states that the moment of inertia for an area about an axis is equal to its moment of inertia about a parallel axis passing through the area’s centroid plus the product of the area and the square of the perpendicular distance between the axes . Radius of Gyration of an Area The radius of gyration of an area about an axis has units of length and is a quantity that is often used for the design of columns in structural mechanics. Provided the areas and moments of inertia are known , the radius of gyration are determined from the formulas: Example: Determine the moment of inertia for the rectangular area shown below with respect to a. the centroidal x’ axis, b. the axis xb passing through the base of the rectangle, and c. the pole or z axis perpendicular to the x’ – y’ plane and passing through the centroid C. Solution:
Part (a).
Use the same procedure to obtain Iy’
Part (b).
Part (c). Example: Determine the moment of inertia for the shaded area shown about the x axis. Solution: Example: Determine the moment of inertia with respect to the x axis for the circular area shown. Solution: Example: Determine the moment of inertia of the shaded area about the x axis and y axis. Solution: Example: Determine the moment of inertia of the shaded area about the x axis and y axis. Solution: Moments of Inertia for Composite Areas A composite area consists of a series of connected “simpler” parts or shapes, such as rectangles, triangles, and circles. Provided the moment of inertia of each of these parts is known or can be determined about a common axis, then the moment of inertia for the composite area about this axis equals the algebraic sum of the moments of inertia of all its parts. Example: Determine the moment of inertia of the area shown below about the x axis. Solution: Example: Determine the moments of inertia for the cross-sectional area of the member shown below about the x and y centroidal axes. Solution:
