Solved MCQ on Research Methodology Pdf 

: 
1. The main concept behind doing research is to____________

(a) study and explore knowledge.

(b) start with a prede ned and clear-cut objectives.

(c) get new ideas.

(d) de fi ne clear objectives

Answer: C

2. Action research means__________

(a) A longitudinal research

(b) An applied research

(c) A research initiated to solve an immediate problem

(d) A research with socioeconomic objective

Answer: C

3. Research is________

(a) Searching again and again

(b) Finding a solution to any problem

(c) Working scientifically to search for the truth of any problem

(d) None of the above

Answer: C

4. The essential qualities of a researcher are__________

(a) Spirit of free inquiry

(b) Reliance on observation and evidence

(c) Systematization or theorizing of knowledge

(d) All the above

Answer: D

5. Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process?

(a) Searching sources of information to locate the problem.

(b) Survey of related literature

(c) Identification of the problem

(d) Searching for solutions to the problem

Answer: C

6. What is the main role of education research?

(a) To upsurge one's social status.

(b) To increase one's job prospects.

(c) To augment one's personal growth.

(d) To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist.

Answer: D

7. Who authored the book “Methods in Social Research”

(a) Wilkinson

(b) CR Kothari

(c) Kerlinger

(d) Goode and Halt

Answer: D

8. The main aim of the scientific method in the research field is to_________

(a) Improve data interpretation

(b) Confirm triangulation

(c) Introduce new variables

(d) Eliminate spurious relations

Answer: D

9. What is a research design?

(a) A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory.

(b) The choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods.

(c) The style in which you present your research findings, e.g. a graph.
(d) A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data.

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Answer: D

10. What is the Purpose of Research_________

(a) To identify Problems

(b) To find Possible Solutions

(c) Both

(d) None of these

Answer: C

11. What is a research design?

(a) A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory.

(b) The choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods.

(c) The style in which you present your research findings, e.g. a graph.

(d) A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data.

Answer: A

12. Which of the following is not a type of research question?

(a) A hypothesis

(b) Predicting an outcome

(c) Evaluating a phenomenon

(d) Developing good practice

Answer: A

13. Which of the following is not the method of Research?

(a) Survey

(b) Historical

(c) Observation

(d) Philosophical

Answer: C

14. A Quantitative statement about a population for testing purposes is called?

a) Statistic

b) Hypothesis

c) Level of Significance

d) Test-Statistic

Answer: B

15. Which of the following should you think about when preparing your
research?

(a) your sample frame and sampling strategy

(b) the ethical issues that might arise

(c) negotiating access to the setting

(d) all of the above

Answer: D

16. What is the purpose of the conclusion in a research report?

(a) It explains how concepts were operationally defined and measured

(b) it contains a useful review of the relevant literature

(c) it outlines the methodological procedures that were employed

(d) It summarizes the key findings of the research questions

Answer: D

17. What is a research design?

(a) A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory

(b) the choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods

(c) the style in which you present your research findings, e.g. a graph

(d) A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data

Answer: D

18. How can you tell if your research questions are really good?

(a) if they guide your literature search

(b) If they are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument

(c) If they force you to narrow the scope of your research

(d) all of the above

Answer: D

19. Which of the following is not a type of qualitative interview?

(a) Unstructured interview

(b) oral history interview

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(c) structured interview

(d) focus group interview

Answer: C

20. The key advantage of structured observation over survey research is that:

(a) it does not rely on the researcher's ability to take notes

(b) the researcher is immersed as a participant in the field they are studying

(c) it does not impose any expectations of behavior on the respondents

(d) it allows you to observe people's behavior directly

Answer: D

21. Which of the following is a problem associated with survey research?

(a) the problem of objectivity

(b) the problem of "going native"

(c) the problem of omission

(d) the problem of robustness

Answer: C

22. The introductory section of a research report should aim to:

(a) identify the specific focus of the study

(b) provide a rationale for the dissertation or article

(c) grab the reader's attention

(d) all of the above

Answer: D

23. Probability sampling is rarely used in qualitative research because:

(a) Qualitative researchers are not trained in statistics

(b) it is very old-fashioned

(c) it is often not feasible

(d) Research questions are more important than sampling

Answer: C
24. Which of the following is an advantage of qualitative interviewing relative to
participant observation?

(a) it allows you to find out about issues that are resistant to observation

(b) it is more biased and value-laden

(cit is more likely to create reactive effects

D. none of the above

Answer: A

25. The qualitative research strategy places a value on:

(a) using numbers, measurements, and statistical techniques

(b) generating theories through inductive research about social meanings

(c) conducting research that is of a very high quality

(d) all of the above

Answer: B

26. Which of the following is a component of ethnographic research?

(a) being immersed in a social group or setting

(b) participant observation, interviews, and/or documentary analysis

(c) a written account of an ethnographic study

(d) all of the above

Answer: D
27. Which of the following is not a data-collection method?

(a) Research questions

(b) Unstructured interviewing

(c) Postal survey questionnaires

(d) Participant observation

Answer: A

28. Research is classified based on…… .. and methods

(a) Purpose

(b) Intent

(c) Methodology

(d) Techniques

Answer: B

29. Research is an organized and systematic inquiry ”Defined by_____________

(a) Marshall

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(b) P.V. Young

(c) Emory

(d) Kerlinger
Answer: C

30. An example of scientific knowledge is___________

(a) Laboratory and field experiments

(b) Social traditions and customs

(c) Authority of the Prophet or great men

(d) Religious scriptures

Answer: A

31. Tippit table refers to as _________

(a) Table of random digits

(b) The table used in sampling methods

(c) The table used in statistical investigations

(d) All of the above

Answer: D

32. A systematic step-by-step procedure following logical process of reasoning

”called_________

(a) Experiment

(b) Observation

(c) Deduction
(d) Scientific method

Answer: D

33. How to judge the depth of any research?

(a) By research title

(b) By research duration

(c) By research objectives

(d) By total expenditure on research

Answer: C

34. The process not needed in experimental researches is____________

(a) Reference collection

(b) Controlling

(c) Observation

(d) Manipulation and replication

Answer: A

35. Evaluation Research is concerned with__________

(a) How well are we doing?

(b) Why are we doing this?

(c) What are we doing?

(d) None of the above

Answer: A

36. The format of thesis writing is the same as in___________

(a) Writing of Seminar representation

(b) Preparation of research paper / article

(c) A research dissertation

Presenting a

(d) workshop/conference paper

Answer: C

37. Ethical Neutrality is a feature of_______

(a) Deduction

(b) Scientific method

(c) Observation

(d) experience

Answer: B

38. Who can successfully conduct Research?

(a) Someone who is a hard worker

(b) Possesses post-graduation degree

(c) Has studied research methodology

(d) Possesses thinking and reasoning ability

Answer: C

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39.  ……… .. is a “systematically conceptual structure of interrelated elements in

some schematic form ”

(a) Concept

(b) Variable

(c) Model

(d) Facts

Answer: C

40. A formal document that presents the research objectives, design of achieving
these objectives, and the expected outcomes/deliverables of the study is
called___________

(a) Research design

(b) Research proposal

(c) Research hypothesis

(d) Research report

Answer: B
41. Which of the following does not correspond to the characteristics of
research?

(a) Research is not passive

(b) Research is systematic

(c) Research is not a problem-oriented

(d) Research is not a process

Answer: D

42. “A system of systematically interrelated concepts definitions and propositions

that are advanced to explain and predict phenomena ”… is

(a) Facts

(b) Values

(c) Theory

(d) Generalization

Answer: C

43. The research that is especially carried out to test and validate the study
hypotheses is termed___________

(a) Fundamental resaeach

(b) Applied research

(c) Conclusive research

(d) Exploratory research

Answer: C

44. Which of the following are sampling considerations?

(a) Who do you need to study to investigate your research questions?

(b) How easily can you gain access to a sampling frame?

(c) What kind of sampling strategy will you employ?

(d) All of the above.

Answer: D

45. Which of the following is a criterion for a good research question?

(a) Questions should be long and use complex terms

(b) Questions should show where my research biases are.

(c) Questions should sound contemporary.

(d) Questions should connect with established theory and research

Answer: D

46. What does the term 'longitudinal design' mean?

(a) A study completed far away from where the researcher lives.

(b) A study that is very long to read.

(c) A study with two contrasting cases.

(d) A study completed over a distinct period to map changes in social phenomena.
Answer: D

47. The research studies that explore the effect of one thing on another and more
specifically, the effect of one variable on another are known as__________

(a) Causal research

(b) Applied research

(c) Conclusive research

(d) Exploratory research

Answer: A

48. The most cost-effective questionnaire administration method is

through____________

(a) Web-based

(b) Schedule

(c) Telephone survey

(d) Mail survey

Answer: A

Research Methodology MCQ

1) Who was the author of the book named "Methods in Social Research"?

a. Kerlinger
b. CR Kothari
c. Goode and Hatt
 d. Wilkinson

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Answer: c) Goode and Halt

Explanation: The book named "Methods in Social Research" was authored by Goode

and Hatt on Dec 01, 1952, which was specifically aimed to improve student's knowledge
as well as response skills.

2) What is the major attribute of Correlation Analysis?

a. Association among variables

b. Difference among variables
c. Regression among variables
d. Variations among variables

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Answer: a) Association among variables

Explanation: Mainly the correlational analysis focus on finding the association between

one or more quantitative independent variables and one or more quantitative
dependent variables.

3) What is the name of the conceptual framework in which the research is carried out?

a. Research hypothesis
b. Synopsis of Research
c. Research paradigm
d. Research design

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Answer: d) Research design

Explanation: A conceptual framework can be understood as a Research design that you
require before research.

4) What is the main role of research in education?

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a. To upsurge one's social status.

b. To increase one's job prospects.
c. To augment one's personal growth.
d. To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist.

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Answer: d) To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist

Explanation: Educational research can be defined as an assurance for reviewing and

improving educational practice, which will result in becoming a renowned
educationalist.

5) Which of the following features are considered as critical in qualitative research?

a. Collecting data with the help of standardized research tools.

b. Design sampling with probability sample techniques.
c. Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.
 d. Gathering data with top-down schematic evidence.

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Answer: c) Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.

Explanation: In qualitative research, we use an inductive methodology that starts from

particular to general. In other words, we study society from the bottom, then move
upward to make the theories.

6) How is random sampling helpful?

a. Reasonably accurate
b. An economical method of data collection
c. Free from personal biases
d. All of the above

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Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: In random sampling, for each element of the set, there exist a possibility
to get selected.

7) A research intends to explore the result of possible factors for the organization of
effective mid-day meal interventions. Which research method will be most appropriate for
this study?

a. Descriptive survey method

b. Historical method
c. Ex-post facto method
d. Experimental method

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Answer: c) Ex-post facto method

Explanation: Mainly in the ex-post facto method, the existing groups with qualities are
compared on some dependent variable. It is also known as quasi-experimental for the
fact that instead of randomly assigning the subjects, they are grouped on the basis of a
particular characteristic or trait.

8) Tippit table refers to as _________

a. Table of random digits

b. The table used in sampling methods
c. The table used in statistical investigations
d. All of the above

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Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: Tippit table was first published by L.H.C Tippett in 1927.

9) In order to pursue the research, which of the following is priorly required?

a. Developing a research design

b. Formulating a research question
c. Deciding about the data analysis procedure
d. Formulating a research hypothesis

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Answer: b) Formulating a research question

Explanation: Before starting with research, it is necessary to have a research question or

a topic because once the problem is identified, then we can decide the research design.

10) The format of thesis writing is the same as in

 a. Writing of Seminar representation
b. Preparation of research paper/article
c. A research dissertation
d. Presenting a workshop/conference paper

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Answer: c) A research dissertation

Explanation: The format of thesis writing is similar to that of a research dissertation, or

we can simply say that dissertation is another word for a thesis.

11) Which one among the following statements is false in the context of participatory
research?

a. It recognizes knowledge as power

b. It is a collective process of inquiry
c. It emphasizes people as experts
d. Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge

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Answer: d) Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge

Explanation: Participatory action research is a kind of research that stresses

participation and action.

12) Which one among the following statement is true in the context of the testing of
hypotheses?

a. It is only the alternative hypotheses that can be tested.

b. It is only the null hypotheses that can be tested.
c. Both the alternative and the null hypotheses can be tested.
d. Both the alternative and the null hypotheses cannot be tested.
Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: b) It is only the null hypothesis that can be tested.

Explanation: Hypotheses testing evaluates its plausibility by using sample data.

13) What are the conditions in which Type-I error occurs?

a. The null hypotheses get accepted even if it is false

b. The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true
c. Both the null hypotheses as well as alternative hypotheses are rejected
d. None of the above

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Answer: b) The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true

Explanation: The Type-I Error can be defined as the first kind of error.

14) Research and Development become the index of development of the country. Which of
the following reasons are true with regards to this statement?

a. R&D targets human development

b. R&D can enhance people's standard of living in the country
c. R&D reflects the actual economic and social conditions being prevailed in the
country
d. All the above

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Answer: d) All of the above.

Explanation: No explanation.
15) What does the longitudinal research approach actually deal with?

a. Long-term research
b. Short-term research
c. Horizontal research
d. None of the above

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Answer: a) Long-term research

Explanation: In general, the longitudinal approach is long-term research in which the

researchers keep on examining similar individuals to detect if any change has occurred
over a while.

16) What do you understand by the term "Anusandhan"?

a. Goal-oriented
b. Following an aim
c. Attaining an aim
d. Praying to achieve an aim

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Answer: b) Following an aim

Explanation: No explanation.

17) Evaluation Research is concerned with __________

a. How well are we doing?

b. Why are we doing?
c. What are we doing?
d. None of the above
Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: a) How well are we doing?

Explanation: Instead of focusing on the process, the evaluation research measures the

consequences of the process, for example, if the objectives are met or not.

18) Which of the following does not correspond to characteristics of research?

a. Research is not passive

b. Research is systematic
c. Research is not a problem-oriented
d. Research is not a process

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Answer: d) Research is not a process

Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the

researchers to intensify expertise.

19) Which of the following options are the main tasks of research in modern society?

a. To learn new things

b. To keep pace with the advancement in knowledge
c. To systematically examine and critically analyze the investigations/sources with
the objective
d. All of the above

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Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the

researchers to intensify expertise.
20) What is the main aim of interdisciplinary research?

a. To over simplify the problem of research

b. To bring out the holistic approach to research
c. To create a new trend in research methodology
d. To reduce the emphasis on a single subject in the research domain

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Answer: b) To bring out the holistic approach to research

Explanation: Particularly in interdisciplinary research, it combines two or more

hypothetical disciplines into one activity.

21) The main aim of the scientific method in the research field is to _________

a. Improve data interpretation

b. Confirm triangulation
c. Introduce new variables
d. Eliminate spurious relations

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Answer: d) Eliminate spurious relations

Explanation: Scientific research aims to build knowledge by hypothesizing new theories

and discovering laws.

22) A researcher is interested in studying the prospects of a particular political party in an

urban area. So, what tool should he prefer for the study?

a. Rating Scale
b. Interview
 c. Questionnaire
d. Schedule

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Answer: c) Questionnaire

Explanation: Since it is an urban area, so there is a probability of literacy amongst a

greater number of people. Also, there would be numerous questions over the ruling
period of a political party, which cannot be simply answered by rating. The rating can
only be considered if any political party has done some work, which is why the
Questionnaire is used.

23) The conclusions/findings of which type of research cannot be generalized to other

situations?

a. Casual Comparative Research

b. Historical Research
c. Descriptive Research
d. Experimental Research

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Answer: b) Historical Research

Explanation: One cannot generalize historical research in the USA, which has been
done in India.

24) How to judge the depth of any research?

a. By research title
b. By research duration
c. By research objectives
d. By total expenditure on research
Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c) By research objectives

Explanation: Research objectives concisely demonstrate what we are trying to achieve

through the research.

25) Who can successfully conduct Research?

a. Someone who is a hard worker

b. Possesses post-graduation degree
c. Has studied research methodology
d. Possesses thinking and reasoning ability

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Answer: c) Has studied research methodology

Explanation: Anyone who has studied the research methodology can undergo the
research.

26) Which of the following is not the method of Research?

a. Survey
b. Historical
c. Observation
d. Philosophical

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Answer: c) Observation

Explanation: Mainly the research method comprises strategies, processes or techniques

that are being utilized to collect the data or evidence so as to reveal new information or
create a better understanding of a topic.
27) A research problem is feasible only when

a. It has utility and relevance

b. It is new and adds something to knowledge
c. It is researchable
d. All of the above

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Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the area of

interest, a condition that is required to be improved, a difficulty that has to be
eradicated, or any disquieting question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in
practice that points to be solved.

28) Circle graphs are used to show

a. How is one part related to other parts?

b. How various sections share in the whole?
c. How is one whole related to another whole?
d. How are various parts related to the whole?

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Answer: d) How are various parts related to the whole?

Explanation: A circle graph helps in visualizing information as well as the data.

29) Authenticity of a research finding is its

a. Validity
b. Objectivity
 c. Originality
d. All of the above

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Answer: b) Objectivity

Explanation: No explanation.

30) Which one is called non-probability sampling?

a. Quota sampling
b. Cluster sampling
c. Systematic sampling
d. Stratified random sampling

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Answer: a) Quota sampling

Explanation: In non-probability sampling, all the members do not get an equal

opportunity to participate in the study.

31) What does a good thesis involve?

a) Reducing punctuations as well as grammatical errors to minimalist

b) Correct reference citations
c) Consistency in the way of thesis writing
d) Well defined abstract

Select the answers from the codes given below:

a. b), c) and d)
b. a), b), c) and d)
c. a), b) and c)
 d. a), b) and d)

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Answer: B. a), b), c) and d)

Explanation: All of the above.

32) Which one among the following statements is correct in context to research?

a) Research refers to a series of systematic activity or activities undertaken to find out

the solution to a problem.
b) It is a systematic, logical and unbiased process wherein verification of hypotheses,
data analysis, interpretation and formation of principles can be done.
c) It is an intellectual inquiry or quest towards truth,
d) It enhances knowledge.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

a. a), b), c) and d)

b. a), b) and c)
c. b), c) and d)
d. a), c) and d)

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Answer: A. a), b), c) and d)

Explanation: All of the above.

33) On what basis did Jean Piaget give his theory of cognitive development of humans?

a. Evaluation Research
b. Fundamental Research
c. Applied Research
d. Action Research
Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: b) Fundamental Research

Explanation: Jean Piaget, in his cognitive-developmental theory, proposed the idea that

children can actively construct knowledge simply by exploring and manipulating the
world around them.

34) What are the core elements of a dissertation?

a. Introduction; Data Collection; Data Analysis; Conclusions and Recommendations

b. Executive Summary; Literature Review; Data Gathered; Conclusions; Bibliography
c. Research Plan; Research Data; Analysis; References
d. Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and
Conclusions

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Answer: d) Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions

and Conclusions

Explanation: The core elements of the dissertation are as follows:

Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and

Conclusions

35) "Sampling Cases" can be defined as

a. Sampling using a sampling frame

b. Identifying people who are suitable for research
c. Literally the researcher's brief case
d. A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.

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Answer: d) A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.

Explanation: In general, sampling in case study research involves decisions made by the
researchers regarding the strategies of sampling, the number of case studies, and the
definition of the unit of analysis.

36) Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite?

a. Systematic Sampling Technique

b. Purposive Sampling Technique
c. Area Sampling Technique
d. None of the above

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Answer: a) Systematic Sampling Technique

Explanation: Systematic sampling can be understood as a probability sampling method

in which the members of the population are selected by the researchers at a regular
interval.

37) Research problem is selected from the standpoint of

a. Social relevance
b. Financial support
c. Researcher's interest
d. Availability of relevant literature

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Answer: a) Social relevance

Explanation: No explanation.

38) The F-test:

 a. Is essentially a two-tailed test.
b. Is essentially a one-tailed test.
c. Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses.
d. Can never be one tailed test.

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39) Which one among the following is the most comprehensive source of population data?

a. Census
b. National Sample Surveys
c. Demographic Health Surveys
d. National Family Health Surveys

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Answer: a) Census

Explanation: Census is an official survey that keeps track of the population data.

40) The process not needed in experimental research is

a. Controlling
b. Observation
c. Reference collection
d. Manipulation and replication

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Answer: b) Observation

Explanation: No explanation.

41) What are those conditions where a research problem is not viable?
 a. It is new and adds something to knowledge
b. It can be researched
c. It has utility and relevance
d. It contains dependent and independent variables

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Answer: d) It contains dependent and independent variables

Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the concerned

area, a condition needed to be improved, a difficulty that has to be eliminated, or a
troubling question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice pointing
towards the need of delivering a deliberate investigation.

42) How can we enhance the research objective?

a. By making it more valid

b. By making it more reliable
c. By making it more impartial
d. All of the above

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Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: The research objectives must be concisely described before starting the

research as it illustrates what we are going to achieve as an end result after the
accomplishment.

43) Action-research can be understood as ___________

a. A longitudinal research
b. An applied research
c. A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem
 d. All of the above

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Answer: c) A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem

Explanation: In general, action research is termed as a philosophy or a research

methodology, which is implemented in social sciences.

44) On what basis can one formulate the assumptions?

a. The cultural background of the country

b. Universities
c. Some specific characteristics of castes
d. All of the above

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Answer: a) The cultural background of the country

Explanation: An assumption can be identified as an unexamined belief, which we

contemplate without even comprehending it. Also, the conclusions that we draw are
often based on assumptions.

45) Which one among the following falls under the category of research development?

a. Descriptive Research
b. Philosophical Research
c. Action Research
d. All of the above

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Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: No explanation.
46) What is the use of Factorial Analysis?

a. For setting the hypotheses

b. To understand the difference between two variables
c. To understand the relationship between two variables
d. To understand the difference between various variables

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Answer: b) To understand the difference between two variables

Explanation: Factor analysis can be understood as a statistical method that defines the

variability between two variables in terms of factors, which are nothing but unobserved
variables.

47) What is the best-suited name for a process that doesn't necessitate experimental
research?

a. Manipulation
b. Controlling
c. Content analysis
d. Observation

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Answer: a) Manipulation

Explanation: In an experimental research design, whenever the independent variables

(i.e., treatment variables or factors) decisively get altered by researchers, then that
process is termed as an experimental manipulation.

48) Which one among the following variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms?

a. Numerical Aptitude
 b. Marital Status
c. Socio-economic Status
d. Professional Attitude

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Answer: d) Professional Attitude

Explanation: A professional attitude is an ability that inclines you to manage your time,
portray a leadership quality, make you self-determined and persistent.

49) The "Sociogram" technique is used to study _________

a. Vocational Interest
b. Human Relations
c. Professional Competence
d. Achievement Motivation

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Answer: b) Human Relations

Explanation: The term sociogram can be defined as a graphical representation of

human relation that portrays the social links formed by one particular person.

50) Which one among the following phrases does not correspond to the meaning of
research as a process?

a. Problem Solving
b. Trial and Error
c. Objective Observation
d. Systematic Activity

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Answer: c) Objective Observation

Explanation: The research process comprises classifying, locating, evaluating, and

investigating the data, which is required to support your research question, followed by
developing and expressing your ideas.