EXERCISE PROBLEMS

1 A fluid flowing in a pipe 30 cm in diameter has a uniform

velocity of 4 m/s. The pressure at the center of the pipe 1s
40 KPa, and the elevation of the pipe's centerline above an
assurhed datum is 4.5 m. Compute the total energy per unit
weight of the flowing fluid if it is (a) oil (sp. gr. 0.80)
(b)gas (w- 8.50 N/m

2. A liquid of specific gravity 1.75 flows in a 6 cm pipe. The

total energy at a point in the flowing liquid is 80 J/N. The
elevation of the pipe above a fixed datum is 2.60 m and the
pressure in the pipeis 75 KPa. Determine the velocity of flow
and the power available at that point.

3. Point A in the suction pipe is 1 m below the pump. It is

mounted with an open manometer which reads a vacuum of
20 cm of mercury. The pipe is 10 cm in diameter and the
flow is 35 litres/s of water. Compute the total energy at point
A with respect to a datum through the pump.

A city requires a flow of 1.50m°/s for its water supply.

Determine the diameter of the pipe if the velocity of flow
is to be 1.80 m/s.

5.) A pipeline consists of three successive lengths of 50 cm, 40

cm, and 30 cm pipes. With a continuous discharge of 300
litres/s of oil (sp. g. 0.75) compute the mean velocity in
each pipe.

6, A 30 cm pipe is connected by a reducer to a 10 cm pipe,

Points 1 and 2 are along the same elevation. The pressure
at 1 is 200 KPa. The flow is 30 litres/s and the energy lost
286
20 KPa. Compute the
between 1 and 2. is equivalent to
pressure at the
2 if flowing is water.
liquid
larger
of the jet (Fig. A) if the
7.) Compute the velocity head diameter is 30
mm. The
diameter is 10 cm and
the smaller
flowing water and the
1 is 30 m of the
pressure head at point
1 and 2 is 5% of the velocity head
head lost between points
in the jet.
1.03) is flowring
8. In Fig. B, 35 litres/s of sea water (sp. gr. while at 2 the
at 1 is 100 KPa
from 1 to 2, and the pressure Compute
KPa. Point 2 is 6 m higher than 1.
pressure is-15 and
2 if D, 30 cm
the energy lost in KPa between 1 and
D-10 cm.
from a reservoir
9. In Fig. C, a 5 cm pipeline leads downhill
into the air. If the loss of head between A and
and discharges
B is 44 JN, determine the discharge.

A pump draws water from 20 cm suction pipe and dis-

a
LO. the velocity is 4 mn/s.
charges through a 15 cm pipe in which
The pressure is 35 KPa at A. The 15 cm pipe discharges
above B can the water be
into the air at C. To what height h
delivered to the
raised if B is 2 m above A and 25 KW is
70% efficiency
pump? Assume that the pump operates at
and the frictional loss between A and C is 3 J/N. See Fig. D.
oil (sp. gr. 0.90). The
11. Fig.. E shows a siphon discharging
from A to B followed by
siphon is composed of 8 cm pipe
to 2: 0.30
10 em pipe from B to C. The head losses are: 1
JN; 2 to 3: 0.20 JN and 3 to 4: 1.00 J/N. Compute the
discharge and determine the pressures at points 2 and 3.
it to reser-
12. A pump draws water from reservoir A and lifts
voir B. The headlosses are: A to 1: VË/2g and2 to B; 20V3/2g
Compute the output power in KW of the pump and the
pressure head at point 2 if the discharge is 15 liters/s. Seee
Fig. F.
 237

10 cm
30 mm.

Datum
V1
FIGUREA

6m
V

Datum

FIGURE B
W.S.
EL 46 m

5 cm &

Datum ELO

Jet
FIGURE C
238

16 cm
2

20 cm
pump
2m

Datum

FIGURE D
10 cm

8cm
EL 5m

EL 3m

FIGURE E EL O
Datum

w.S.
EL 80 m

10 cm

ELO (Datum)
FIGURE F
Ws.

EL-8m
pump
15 cm
 239
13. The 60 cm pipe conducts water from reservoir A to a pressure
turbine which is discharging through another 60 em pipe
into tailrace B. The head losses are: A to 1: 5 V*/2g; 2 to B
0.20 V°/2g. If the discharge is 0.70 m°/s, what input power
is being given up by the water to the turbine? Fig. G.

14. A fire pump delivers water through 15 cm main pipe to a

hydrant to which is connected an 8 cm hose, ternminating inn
a nozzle 2 cm in diameter. The nozzle, trained verticaly up,
is 1.60 m above the hydrant and 12 m above the pump. The
head losses are: Pump to hydrant: 3 JN; Hydrant: 2 J/N;
hydrant to nozzle base: 12 J/N; Nozzle: 6% velocity head
in the nozzle. If the gage pressure at the pump is 550 KPa
to what vertical heightcan the be thrown? Neglect air
jet
friction

Water from a reservoir is pumped over a hill through a pipe

(15. maintained
90 cm in diameter, and a pressure of 200 KPa is
at the summit where the pipe is 90 m above the reservoir.
friction
The quantity pumped is 1.40 m°/s and by reason of
there is a head loss of 3 J/N between reservoir and summit.
If the pump is 90% efficient, determine the input power
furnished to the water.

16. The turbine shown in Fig. H extracts 50 J/N of water from

the given pipe system. At the summit S 480 KPa is main-
tained. Determine the flow and the pressure at the discharge
side of the turbine considering the following losses: Summii
to turbine: 4 times the velocity head in the 20 cm pipe;
Turbine to reservoir: 3 times the velocity head in the 30 cm
pipe.
A horizontal Venturi meter 45 cm by 60 cm is used to
17 measure the flow of air through a 60 cm pipeline. A differen-
tial gage connected to the inlet and the throat contains water
which is deflected 10 cm. Considering the specific weight of
air as 12.60 N/m*, find the flow of air. Neglect head losses.

(18. A Venturi meter 60 cm by 30 cm hasits axis inclined down-

ward 30 deg from the horizontal. The distance, measured
240

WS L 70 m

00 cnd

turbine
EL 5m
FIGURE G
EL C
Datum

EL 46 m

EL 18m
20cm W.S.

EL O

FIGUREH turbine
30 cm

345 KPa
20 cm vacuum

EL 45 m
of Hg
20 cn 30 cm P

turbine
10 cm

ELm
FIGUREEL
 241
along the axis, from the inlet to
differential manometer shows a the throat is 1.20m. The
mercury. If the flowing fluid is defléction of 15 cm ot
C-0.98. water, find the discharge if

19. A6 cm fire hose

discharges
diameter of 2.5 cm. The headwater through a nozzle having a
lost in the nozzle is 4% of the
velocity head in the jet. If the gage pressure at the base of the
nozzle is 400 KPa, find the flow
and the maximum horizon
tal range to which the stream
can be thrown.

20. Water is flowing through the

the power of the turbine, pipe system of Fig. I. Calculate
neglecting losses.
21. Calculate the minimum power of the pump which will send
the jet over the wall shown in Fig. J.
Neglect losees.
22. In Fig. K h = 20 cm and h, 30 =
cm. If water is flowing,
calculate the power of the pump.

A 20 em pipe.contains a short section in which the diameter

is gradually reduced to 7.5 em and then gradually enlarged
to full size. The pressure of water at a point where the
reduction starts is 520 KPa. f the rate of flow is 35 liters/s,
determine the pressure at the 7.5 cm section. Neglect losses.

24. The inlet end of a pipe is 2.50 m above the discharge end.
To maintain a flow of 35 liters/s through the 15 em pipe a
preasure of 250 KPa at the inlet end is kept. Compute the
head los while passing through the pipe and determine the
energy per second it represents. Consider water flowing.

25. A water motor is supplied from a horizontal 30 cm pipe and

uges 220 liters/s. Discharge takes place through a 60 cm ver
tical pipe. A differential gage tapped into the pipe close to
the motor shows a deflection of 1.80 m of mercury. The two
points where the gage was tapped are separated by a vertical
distance of 1 m. If the motor is 80% efficient, determine its
power output.
 EL 76 m

wall

7.6cm EL 80 m
EL 56m

46

pump

30 m

FIGURE J

415 KPa

30 Cm o
15cm
60 cm

pump

mercury

FIGURE K

Datum

10 cm

water

FIGURE L
 243
26. A pump draws water from a pit through a vertical 30 cm pipe
which extends below the water surface. It discharges into a
15 cm horizontal pipe 4.0 m above the water surface. While
pumping 60 liters/s, a pressure gage on the discharge pipe
reads 165 KPa and a gage on the suction pipe shows a vacuum
of 35 KPa. Both gages are close to the pump and are separated
by a vertical distance of 90 cm. Compute the head lost in
the suction pipe. Compute the change in energy per second
between the gages. What is the power output of the pump?

27 A free jet of water 5 cm in diameter is discharged from a

nozzle at an angle of 60 deg. from the horizontal. If the
pressure at the 10 cm base, 30 cm from the tip, is maintained
at 465 KPa and Cy 0.97, what is the maximum distance
that the nozzle can be placed from a building and still get
water into a window which is 20 m above the nozzle?

28 A Pitot tube in a pipe in which air is flowing is connected to

a manometer containing water as in Fig. L. If the difference
in water levels in themanometer is 10 cm, what is the velocity
of flow in the pipe? Assume a tube coefficient of C, = 0.99.
Specific weight of air is 12 N/m3.

29. In Fig. M is shown a vertical pipe discharging water from an

elevated tank into the atmosphere. If the pipe is 15 cm in
diameter and the head loss is 0.04 v*/2g J/N per meter of
pipe, compute the discharge and the pressure head in the
pipe 30 cm below point A.

30. In Fig. N 85 liters/s of water enter through the 12 diameter

pipe at A and discharges radially in all directions between the
circular plates 60 cm in diameter and 2.50 cm apart, dis-
charging into the air. Neglecting friction, determine the
absolute pressure at point B.
244

W.S.

6m
A

30 cm

12 m
15cm

FIGUREM
12cm

2.5 cm

J:L B

T 30 16 15
cm Cm cm

FIGURE N
I. ERRATA

Figure K Page 242 Here, the upper level of

in the open manometer is at mercury
a distance of 20
cm below the centerline of the pipeline.
ANSWERS TO EXERCISE PROBLEMS
(Pages 235
1. (a) 10.40 /N (b) 4,711 J/N

2 37.8 m/s 147 KW

3 272 /N
4 1.03 m

6 1.53 m/a 239 m/ 4.24 m/s

6 173 KPa
7 28.8 J/N

4.40 J/N

123 tres/s

10 16 m

11 42 litres/s:-226 KPa-35 KP
12 1237 KW s9.80 J/N
13 477 Kw

14 2550m

1& 1734 KW
 538

16. 350 litres/s ; 206 KPa

17. 7.50 m*/s

18 485 litres/s

19. 14 litres/s

20. 82.4 KW

21 40 KW

22 72 KW

23. 490 KPa

24 28 J/N ; 9.60 KJ/s

25 40 KW

26. 0.43 J/N ; 12.90 KW

27. 68.70 m

28. 39.60 m/s

29. 270 litres/s ;-58 KPa

30. 96.4 KPa
(absolute)