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L2 Integrals PDF

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MTHED 206: CALCULUS WITH ANALYTIC GEOMETRY 1

Integrals
1st Semester | A.Y. 2022-2023 TRANSCRIBED BY: Feb Anthony G. Rizano
LECTURER: Professor Angelou B. Deloguines

TOPIC ∫(𝟓𝒙𝟓 + 𝟑𝒙𝟒 + 𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏)𝒅𝒙


SUBTOPIC
5𝑥 6 3𝑥 5 6𝑥 3 2𝑥 2
SUB-SUBTOPIC = + + − +𝑥+𝑐
6 5 3 2
6 5
5𝑥 3𝑥
RULES OF INTEGRATION = + + 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 𝑐
6 5
1. Power Rule
For any real number, 𝑛 ≠ −1. 𝟒
∫(𝒙𝟓 + 𝟓𝒙𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙) (𝟓𝒙𝟒 + 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎)𝒅𝒙
𝑥 𝑛+1
∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐 let 𝑢 = 𝑥 5 + 5𝑥 3 + 10𝑥
𝑛+1 𝑑𝑢 = (5𝑥 4 + 15𝑥 2 + 10)𝑑𝑥

2. Integral of the Sum


∫ 𝑢4 𝑑𝑢
The sum of the integrals of the separate
functions. 𝑢5
= +𝑐
5
∫(𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) + ⋯ + ℎ(𝑥))𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 5 + 5𝑥 3 + 10𝑥 )5
+𝑐
5
= ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ⋯ + ∫ ℎ(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝒙√𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗
∫ 𝒅𝒙
3. Integral of the Product 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗
The integral of the product of the constant let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 9
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
and a function is equal to the product of 𝑑𝑢
the constant and the integral of the = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
function. 1
𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
∫ ∙
∫ 𝑎𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑢 2
1 𝑑𝑢
∫ 𝑢−2 ∙
2
4. The General Power Rule 1
1 𝑢2
If 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑥 ′ ) and 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥, then = ∙ +𝑐
𝑢𝑛+1 2 1
∫[𝑓(𝑥)]𝑛 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∫ 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑛+1
+ 𝑐. 2
1
= 𝑢2 + 𝑐
Example = √𝑥 2 − 9 + 𝑐

∫ 𝒙𝟓 𝒅𝒙
√𝒙 + 𝟐
∫( ) 𝒅𝒙
𝑥 5+1 𝟑
√𝒙
= +𝑐 1
5+1 𝑥2 2
6 ∫ ( 1 + 1 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
= +𝑐 𝑥3 𝑥3
6
1 1
∫ (𝑥 6 + 2𝑥 −3 ) 𝑑𝑥
∫(𝒙𝟔 + 𝒙𝟓 + 𝒙)𝒅𝒙 7 2
𝑥 6 2𝑥 3
= + +𝑐
𝑥7 𝑥6 𝑥2 7 2
= + + +𝑐 6 3
7 6 2 7
6𝑥 6 2
= + 3𝑥 3 + 𝑐
∫ 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 7
6𝑥 7√𝑥 3
= + 3𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 𝑐
= 3 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 7

𝑥3
=3∙ +𝑐
3
3
=𝑥 +𝑐
MTHED 206: CALCULUS WITH ANALYTIC GEOMETRY 1
Integrals
1st Semester | A.Y. 2022-2023 TRANSCRIBED BY: Feb Anthony G. Rizano
LECTURER: Professor Angelou B. Deloguines

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS INTEGRAL 1


= tan 𝑢 + 𝑐
2
∫ sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑢 + 𝑐 tan 𝑢
= +𝑐
2
∫ cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑢 + 𝑐 tan(5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1)
= +𝑐
2
∫ sec 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 = tan 𝑢 + 𝑐
∫ 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
2
∫ csc 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 = −cot 𝑢 + 𝑐
∫ sec 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫ sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑢 + 𝑐 let 𝑢 = sec 𝑥


𝑑𝑢 = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 = −csc 𝑢 + 𝑐
∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑢2
Example = +𝑐
2
∫ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 sec 2 𝑥
= +𝑐
2
let 𝑢 = sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑢4 𝑑𝑢
𝑢5
= +𝑐
5
sin5 𝑥
= +𝑐
5

∫ 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
let 𝑢 = 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑢
∫ cos 𝑢
2
1
= sin 𝑢 + 𝑐
2
sin 𝑢
= +𝑐
2

∫ 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟑𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝒙 𝒅𝒙
cos 3𝑥
=∫ ∙ sin 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
sin 3𝑥
= ∫ cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= sin 3𝑥 + 𝑐

∫(𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏) 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 (𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) 𝒅𝒙


let 𝑢 = 5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1
𝑑𝑢 = (10𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= (5𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
2

𝑑𝑢
∫ sec 2 𝑢
2

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