Stormwater management is the control and use of storm- water runoff. It includes planning for runoff, maintaining stormwater systems, and regulating the collection, storage, and movement of stormwater.
Stormwater management is the control and use of storm- water runoff. It includes planning for runoff, maintaining stormwater systems, and regulating the collection, storage, and movement of stormwater.
Stormwater management is the control and use of storm- water runoff. It includes planning for runoff, maintaining stormwater systems, and regulating the collection, storage, and movement of stormwater.
Stormwater management is the control and use of storm- water runoff. It includes planning for runoff, maintaining stormwater systems, and regulating the collection, storage, and movement of stormwater.
SESSION # STORM WATER MANAGEMENT IN SITE PLANNING SOURAV DAS LECTURER DEPARTMENT OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING, CUET WHAT IS STROM WATER MANAGEMENT
Storm water management and sewerage disposal is
selected for site which are related to hydrologic cycle Storm drainage takes off the flow of surface water Substitute of natural drainage Unnecessary for the low density area ( 2 family per acre) Doesn’t require continuous system but need to discharge water in to the local lake, canal or streams Separate from the sewage disposal system STROM WATER MANAGEMENT IN CTG
• Chittagong is located in the tropical zone, where high
temperature and heavy rainfall with high humidity is a general characteristic of the summer season. • Annual rainfall in the city fluctuates between 2100mm and 3800mm, of which 2400mm occurs only during the monsoon. • However, such climate has been there for centuries, while water logging is a comparatively recent phenomenon. • In the last decade or so, this problem has been increasing due to population growth, economic agglomeration with unplanned urbanisation, illegal refilling of natural water channels, and encroachment of drains. STROM WATER MANAGEMENT IN CTG
• Several authoritative bodies are responsible for managing the drainage
system of the city. • The core responsibility for storm water drainage and sewerage belongs to CWASA. • However, CWASA has neither developed any sewerage system nor storm water drainage infrastructure till date. • CCC is mainly working on the local and tertiary drainage development and construction and is also responsible to keep the drains clean. • CDA's role is to incorporate drains in land-use and structural plans and allot space in city designs. • The Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB), another statutory body, is responsible to plan the flood management of CCC and they are both involved in linking embankment with the drainage system. STROM WATER MANAGEMENT IN CTG
• The Chittagong Storm Water Drainage and Flood Control
Master Plan 1995 proposed for developing the drainage system in five phases within the plan period of 1995-2015. • No progress is noticed in the reclamation of the Chaktai canal, the backbone of drainage system of the port city, either. • There has to be one central authority under which CDA, WASA and other bodies can work together, towards the same goal. • Such mechanisms can only be implemented with collective, coordinated efforts under a city government arrangement. PRINCIPLES OF STORMWATER DRAINAGE PLAN
The principles set forth in the NWMP, and based on the practical experiences in other growing urban areas. The final detailed drainage layout plan should be prepared based on the following principles:
• Detention-based gravity drainage; temporary pumping only
during extreme floods. • Separate systems for stormwater and domestic wastewater drainage. • Operation and maintenance embedded in the activities of the local government; adequate funds in the annual budget. WHY STROM WATER MANAGEMENT
Traditional way, collecting storm water in piped network
and transporting off site as quickly as possible Water was considered as a problem Storm Water runoff brings pollutants once they run over disturbed land, through the debris, chemicals of the streets, fertilizer and insecticides of the field. Large storm discharges must be controlled or treated before disposed to the river, lake Due to site work, characteristics and irregularities removed from the site WHY STROM WATER MANAGEMENT
Volume and velocity of the storm water runoff increases
Rainfall and runoff no longer deflected and cannot infiltrate into the compacted soil Increase of impervious area decrease the environmental quality 10-15% imperviousness decreases the habitat quality Falling groundwater tables, dry streams, degraded surface quality
Interception WHY STROM WATER MANAGEMENT WHY STROM WATER MANAGEMENT
Development and environmental protection can co-exist
A general rethinking has developed toward “green infrastructure” / “low impact design” (LID) Goal is to design a hydrologically functional site that mimics pre-development conditions Water is considered as resources than a problem Interaction with the environment is carefully weighed to maximize total benefits and minimize cost Strategies: vegetated swales, infiltration structures, rain gardens, retention and detention basin and green roofs GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
Green infrastructure integrates natural services such as --
• Infiltration • Micro-biotic activity in soils • The diversity of stable ecosystems • The implications of site development to create a win- win situation. GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE WHY STROM WATER MANAGEMENT
Benefits of a green infrastructure ------
Increased infiltration and groundwater recharge
Decreased pollution loads on surface water
Increased biodiversity
Reduction in the heat island effects of development
Improved air quality
GREEN CITY CONCEPT COMPUTATION OF PIPE SIZE
Required pipe size is depends on the
- slope, area being drained, the coefficient of runoff, intensity of the storm at the time of peak flow Relational method used to estimate the peak runoff Q= CiA Where, Q= discharge in cubic feet per second (cfs) C= runoff co-efficient (Fraction of total rainfall that runs off on the surface rather than penetrating the ground ) i= intensity A= Area drained This information is required to estimate the pipe size as well as cost estimation for the site STRATEGIES OF STORM WATER MANAGEMENT 1. Bio-retention Swale 2. Pervious Pavement Shoulder 3. Environmentally Friendly Concrete 4. Preserved Forest Buffer 5. Restored and Stormwater Wetlands 6. Stream Restoration 7. Wildlife Crossing 8. Soil Amendments STRATEGIES OF STORM WATER MANAGEMENT Vegetative swales Shallow grass-covered hydraulic conveyance channels Help to slow runoff, filter water and facilitate infiltration. Suitability depends on land use, soil type, slope, imperviousness of the contributing watershed, and dimensions and slope of the grassed swale system. Watersheds are areas of land that drain water, sediment and dissolved materials to a common receiving body or outlet, and they are critical to environmental, financial, and social health. Regardless of a watershed's size (they can range from a few acres to thousands of square miles), Can be used to manage runoff from drainage areas less than 10 acres in size, with slopes no greater than 5 percent. Use of swales decrease the site development cost than pipe system Easy to maintain STRATEGIES OF STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
Infiltration and recharge
Preferred method of storm water quality management Infiltration can be used for pollutant removal, but provide only limited cleansing. Infiltration removes particulates and pollutants that might attach to soil particles, but water soluble pollutants such as nutrients, pesticides, or salts travel through the soil medium dissolved in the water When water soluble pollutants are risky, the design must provide for a biological treatment Loss of ground water recharge can be reduced by infiltration Soil texture is an important element in determining infiltration rates. STRATEGIES OF STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
Detention and Retention Basins
Detention basins are usually dry basins that only fill with water during a rain. They work by delaying the storm water Effectiveness of a Detention basin depends on the drainage area in which it operates and the location of the basin in the watershed The lower the basin is in a watershed, the less effective it is in providing a positive or beneficial effect. Detention basins may be designed to meet a pre-development storm rate of discharge Site designers must study existing drainage patterns and pathways to identify opportunities that exist on the site. STRATEGIES OF STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
Detention and retention basins
Minimum drainage area for a wet pond is 10 acres The drainage area should be adjusted according to the
Rainfall characteristics of the area
The amount of anticipated runoff The type of land use Pond geometry and depth The settling rate of the expected particulates STRATEGIES OF STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
Detention and Retention Basins
Alternative of infiltration and recharge system It holds the water in a pool The retention basin loses water through infiltration and evaporation The design of wet ponds should be done by professionals to balance with the site constraints It is generally a balancing act between cost, site issues (such as slope or drainage area), appearance, and pond function. Advantages of a wet pond - effective process for the removal of certain urban pollutants through settling in the permanent pool. DETENTION AND RETENTION BASINS STRATEGIES OF STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
Vegetated roofs Vegetated roof covers, or “green roofs,” provide an important strategy for the management of storm water. Green roofs consist of an impermeable roof membrane overlaid with a lightweight planting mix with a high infiltration rate and vegetated with plants tolerant of heat, and periodic inundations. Common flat roofs can be designed to reduce runoff by increasing the roughness of the roof surface or by restricting roof drains. Such installations can significantly reduce runoff volumes and in turn reduce development costs. In older cities the installation of roof top systems can contribute to reducing the costs of rehabilitating infrastructure 26
