Senior High School
Reading and
Writing Skills
Quarter 4 - Module 5
Explaining Critical Reading as a
Form of Reasoning
Reading and Writing Skills
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 5: Explaining Critical Reading as a Form of Reasoning
First Edition, 2021
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Reading and Writing Skills
Senior High School
Quarter 4 - Module 5
Explaining Critical Reading as a Form of Rea
Introductory Message
This Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson.
Each ADM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each ADM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this ADM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests.
Read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this ADM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
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What I Need to Know
This module aims to help you to explain critical reading as a form of reasoning.
Specifically, you are expected to:
define critical reading;
apply the critical reading strategies; and
explain critical reading as a form of reasoning.
What I Know
A. Directions: Identify the critical reading strategy being defined in the given statements.
Choose from the word bank below. Write your answer on the space provided before each
number.
1. Responding
Annotating Summarizing Analyzing Re-reading This is jotting down of notes in the text as you read it.
2. This is gathering as much information about the text as
you can before you read it.
3. This is reading the text several times to make as much
meaning.
4. This is breaking the text down into its parts to find out how
they relate to one another.
5. This is reacting to what you have read.
B. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on the space
provided before each number.
1. Which of the following is defined as a careful, thorough, thoughtful, and active
reading strategy?
A. Previewing C. Critical Reading
B. Paraphrasing D. Re-reading
2. Which of the following is also called logical thinking?
A. Critical Reading C. Reasoning
B. Responding D. Summarizing
3. Which of the following means carefully understanding details to make
conclusions?
A. Critical reading for previewing
B. Critical reading for annotating
C. Critical reading for re-reading
D. Critical reading for reasoning
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4. Which of the following is NOT a critical reading strategy?
A. Viewing C. Previewing
B. Annotating D. Previewing
5. Which of the following entails getting as many data about the text as you can
before you read it?
A. Annotating C. Summarizing
B. Previewing D. Re-reading
6. Which of the following is the act of giving reactions to what a person has read?
A. Responding C. Previewing
B. Re-reading D. Annotating
7. Which of the following entails shortening the text?
A. Previewing C. Analyzing
B. Summarizing D. Annotating
8. Which of the following entails reading the text as many times as deemed
necessary?
A. Annotating C. Critical Reading
B. Paraphrasing D. Re-reading
9. Which of the following is the act of jotting down notes about the text while
reading it?
A. Analyzing C. Previewing
B. Summarizing D. Annotating
10. Which of the following strategies breaks the text down into its parts to find out
how these parts relate to one another?
A. Previewing C. Analyzing
B. Paraphrasing D. Re-reading
Directions: The stories in Column A are intertextual with those in Column B. Match
them by writing the letter on the space provided before each number.
A B
1. Harry Potter a. Honesto
b. Avatar: The Legend
2. Pinocchio
of Ang
3. Adam and Eve c. Ibalon
4. Encantadia d. Lord of The Rings
e. Si Malakas at Si
5. Biag ni Lam-ang
Maganda
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Directions: Study the following Brain Teasers. Write your answers on the space
provided for.
Brain Teaser Answer
1. What five-letter word becomes shorter when you add two
letters to it?
2. A man is looking at a photograph of someone. His friend
asks who it is. The man replies, “Brothers and sisters, I
have none. But that man’s father is my father’s son.” Who
was in the photograph?
3. Your parents have six sons including you and each son
has one sister. How many people are in the family?
4. A man was walking in the rain. He was in the middle of
nowhere. He had nothing and nowhere to hide. He came
home all wet, but not a single hair on his head was wet.
Why is that?
5. Fourteen of the kids in the class are girls. Eight of the
kids wear blue shirts. Two of the kids are neither girls nor
wear a blue shirt. If five of the kids are girls who wear
blue shirts, how many kids are in the class?
Critical Reading as a Form of Reasoning
In the previous activity, you answered Brain Teasers. How did you do so?
One thing for sure, you repeatedly read the teasers to find the right answers. This
technique can be considered as critical reading.
Critical Reading is an academic skill. It is a careful, thorough, thoughtful, and
active reading strategy. There are different strategies to read critically. These are
previewing, annotating, summarizing, analyzing, re-reading, and responding.
1. Previewing - gathering as much information about the text as you can
before you read it.
2. Annotating – jotting down notes in the text as you read it.
3. Summarizing – shortening the text read to test your comprehension.
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4. Analyzing – breaking the text down into its parts to find out how they
relate to one another.
5. Re-reading – reading the text several times to make as much meaning.
6. Responding – reacting to what you have read.
Surely, in the brain teasers a while back, you have used one, two, or even all
these strategies to find the answer. This demonstrates the importance of critical
reading in comprehending texts and even responding to them. Moreover, one major
use of this reading strategy is to for reasoning. Reasoning is logical thinking. It is a
thinking that all has reason as cause and effect, pattern, etc..
This means you can use critical reading to formulate arguments/reasons in
response to what you read. Critical reading for reasoning means carefully
understanding details to make conclusions like what you did for the Brain Teasers.
Let’s use the example of a logic test item below. Study the text and before
reading the answer in the box that follows.
Sample Logic Test Item 1
“If there are no dancers that aren’t slim and no singers that aren’t dancers,
then which statements are always true?”
a. There is not one slim person that isn't a dancer
b. All singers are slim
c. Anybody slim is also a singer
d. None of the above
This logic test item is truly confusing. It uses negatives like no’s and
not’s close to one and another which makes it more perplexing. The
answer to this though is:
b. All singers are slim.
To explain, statement simply means:
No dancers are not singers. = Dancers are slim.
No singers are not dancers. = Singers are dancers.
If we combine these statements, it will go like this – Singers are
dancers and dancers are slim. Therefore, Singers are slim. Making Choice
B. All singers are slim the correct answer.
Is it making sense? Let us try an easier one.
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Sample Logic Test Item 2
“Sam’s mother has four children. The first one was May. The second and third
ones were named June and July respectively. What is the name of the fourth child?”
The answer is Sam.
Reading closely, the statement says Sam’s mother has for children.
Meaning, Sam is automatically counted in. Although the names of her three
older siblings are chronologically named after the calendar months, the very
first statement automatically finishes the counting of the children and
concludes that Sam is the fourth child.
These examples only show how critical reading is crucial to understanding the
texts we read and to go further and make reasons and responses to them.
Once again, critical reading is simply thoroughly reading a text to make as
much meaning as you can from it. And by doing so, you can make logical responses
to it. By understanding the context, the meaning, and the message of the text, you
can make good arguments in agreement or disagreement to it.
Is it now clear how reading critically helps you formulate reasons already? Let
us the following activities to gauge your understanding.
Independent Activity 1
Directions: Write True if the statement is correct, then write false if it is incorrect. Write your
answers on the space provided.
1. Critical Reading is a careful, thorough, thoughtful, and active reading
strategy.
2. Reasoning is a thinking that all has reason as cause and effect.
3. Re-reading is reading the text several times to make as much meaning.
4. By understanding the context, the meaning, and the message of the
text, you can make good arguments in agreement or disagreement to
it.
5. We should gather as much information about the text as we can before
we read it.
Independent Assessment 1
Directions: Identify the reading strategy being defined in each of the given statements. Write your answer on
1. This gathers as much information about the text as possible
before reading it.
2. This is the act of breaking the text down into its parts to find out
how they relate to one another.
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3. This shortens the text read to test your comprehension.
4. This is when you read the text several times to make as much
meaning as you can.
5. This pertains to jotting down of notes in the text as you read it.
Independent Activity 2
Critical treading provides high reflective skills which allow you to stand back and look at the
text from different perspectives. It also allows you to see and evaluate how a text presents
arguments.
A. Directions: Read the following statements very carefully. Write Y If the statement is a
guide/strategy in reading critically, and N if it does not. Write your answer on the space
provided before each number.
1. Reading with an open mind allows to see how ideas are developed and organized.
2. The statements in the text must be examined and evaluated.
3. In reading critically, reflect about the text and its meaning.
4. Check the statements if there are gaps and inconsistencies based on the presented
facts and examples.
5. Check the accuracy and reliability of the sources and distinguish facts from opinions.
B. Directions: You have learned that critical reading is crucial to understanding the texts
you read and to go further and make reasons and responses to them. Now, read the article
carefully, then, answer the questions that follow.
For everything, there is a proper time
Published February 9, 2021, 12:00 AM by Manila
Bulletin
Now is not the time to implement the Child Car Seat Law. There is no need to enforce it
now when current community quarantine rules prohibit children below 10 years of age from
leaving their houses, Sen. Lawrence “Bong” Go said this weekend.
The law, RA-11229, the Child Safety in Motor Vehicles Act, was supposed to take
effect last Tuesday, but the needed guidelines have not been drawn up, and six senators
called on the Department of Transportation and the Land Transportation Office to defer
its enforcement.
At this time of the pandemic when so many families are striving so hard to survive
loss of income due to closures of so many businesses and offices, let us not add to the
economic woes of families who have to provide their cars with these special seats costing
P3,500 to P7,000 each.
The car seat controversy recalls another proposal that is even more unnecessary at
this time – the move to amend or revise the Constitution, allegedly to allow foreign
investments in many industries now closed to them.
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Charter-change moves have been part of every outgoing administration in the past,
with legislators hoping to add charter provisions that will allow them to stay longer in office
than the current three-term limit.
There are many programs and projects that could be undertaken, even in the midst
of the ongoing pandemic, such as cleaning up the pollution in Manila Bay and Metro
Manila’s network of rivers and streams, more funds for agriculture so it can help cut down
our costly rice imports, solutions to help millions of schoolchildren who cannot join virtual
class sessions for lack of on-line services in their areas.
Such needs as these could be met with funding from Congress. We can do without
the move to amend the Constitution to ease limitations placed there by the framers of our
present Constitution to protect our country from being dominated by foreign economic
interests.
For everything there is a proper time, as it says in the book of Ecclesiastes in the Bible
– a time to be born and a time to die, a time to break down and a time to heal, a time to
keep silence and a time to speak, etc.
Source: https://mb.com.ph/2021/02/09/for-everything-there-is-a-proper-time/
1. What do you think is the stand of the author? Is he/she for against the implementation Child
Car Seat Law? Explain your answer.
2. Who do you think is the target reader of the article? Why?
3. What was currently the situation when the article was written? What prompted the author to
write the text?
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Independent Assessment 2
Directions: Summarize the given text in not more than five sentences. Write your answers on
the space provided for. You will be graded based on the given criteria.
Cyberbullying in High Schools: A Study of Students' Behaviors and Beliefs about
This New Phenomenon
Qing Li, University of Calgary, Canada
Technology continues to develop rapidly and is therefore changing our ways of
functioning in society. This brings new dimensions to our responsibilities as educators
and mentors. Doors are constantly opening, bringing more opportunities and at the
same time requiring all of us to rethink the ethical use of technology in schools. For
example, Internet cell phones and other communication technologies, while providing
us with conveniences, also expose our students to interactions that put their safety and
emotional well-being at risk. This article examines one negative use of technology—
cyberbullying— that is a new form of bullying with distinct differences in form,
personality, and response.
Recent research studies have shown that a substantial number of students are
victims of cyberbullying, which leads to a wider realization that cyberbullying is
becoming a serious problem (Cross, 2008; Li, 2006a, 2006b; Thompson, Smith, &
Goldsmith, 2008; Willard, 2004a). This finding calls for a thorough understanding of
cyberbullying that requires us to dissect the relationships among related variables in
social, physical, institutional, and community contexts. This study, therefore, explores
student beliefs and their behaviors associated with cyberbullying.
Source: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10926771003788979
SUMMARY
:
CRITERIA:
Content- 40%
Diction- 30%
Conciseness - 20%
Grammar- 10%
100%
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Independent Activity 3
As a student, it is essential to practice reading critically. Critical reading goes beyond
extracting information from a text; rather, it involves recognizing the writer’s purpose,
identifying the tone, and other elements.
Read the given article carefully, and answer the questions that follow. Write your answers to
2-3 sentences only.
During the 21st century, the word Facebook (FB) came into our awareness. In fact, it
is one of the most popular social networking sites with over one million users. Almost ¾ of
these users are between 13 to 25 years old, and these people use FB every time they have
an opportunity to do so at school, at home, in the mall, and everywhere else. So, FB seems
to just be a waste of time. It is complete distraction to students.
Many students fail to complete their assignments and projects because they are
addicted to fb. Some use words and acronyms that only that can understand, and it crosses
over even during face-to-face conversations Fb also becomes a tool for bashing and a
venue for gossiping. These are some impressions of FB.
There is a doubt that Facebook is a great technological innovation. It offers the
opportunity to connect and reconnect with people. It is a venue for self-expression. It can be
a tool for marketing an entrepreneurship. But according to new research, Facebook makes
us spend more. It also changes our appetite by making us eat more. Facebook users tend
to be more prone to pressure as well. They tend to like things they do now really like just
because some of their friends clicked the “like” button. Other psychologist claim that
Facebook is a butcher of self-esteem. We see posts about people’s achievements. All of
these tend to make us more envious of other people.
Source: Academic Reading and writing for Senior High School
1. What do you think encourage the writer to write the paragraphs?
2. Who do you think is the writer and his dispositions in life?
3. What is the main purpose of the author?
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4. Do you share the same sentiments with the writer? Why or why not?
5. Do you think the pieces of evidence presented are sufficient and valid to support the
claims? Why or Why not?
Independent Assessment 3
Directions: In not more than five sentences each, respond to the given statements taken
from the article below. Write your answers on the spaces provided for. You will be graded
based on the criteria on page 9.
Philippines' Duterte defends purchase of Chinese COVID-19 vaccine
Reporting by Karen Lema; Editing by Peter Graff (January 14, 2021)
MANILA (Reuters) - Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte defended his government’s
decision to purchase Chinese-made coronavirus vaccines, saying they are as good as the
shots developed by the Americans and the Europeans.
“The Chinese are not lacking in brains,” Duterte said in a late-night televised address on
Wednesday. “The Chinese are bright. They would not venture (into producing vaccines) if it
is not safe, sure and secure.”
Duterte made the remarks as questions have been raised over the level of protection
Sinovac Biotech’s experimental COVID-19 vaccine can provide, after researchers in Brazil
released late-stage clinical data showing efficacy that was lower than initially announced.
At least one Philippine senator, Francis Pangilinan, called on the government to cancel the
purchase of the Sinovac vaccine, one of seven it is lining up as it plans to begin
immunization next month.
Manila has locked in 25 million doses of the Sinovac vaccine, with the first 50,000 expected
to arrive in February.
Duterte, who has pursued warmer ties with Beijing, has said previously his preference was
for his country to source its COVID-19 vaccines from either China or Russia.
Carlito Galvez, a former general in charge of the vaccination procurement effort, said the
government has also firmed up supply deals with Novavax, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Pfizer,
Johnson & Johnson, and Russia’s Gamaleya Institute for 137 million doses in total.
These are on top of 40 million doses the Philippines expects to receive through the World
Health Organization’s COVAX facility in the first quarter, Galvez said.
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The Philippines has among the most coronavirus cases in Asia but has trailed regional
peers in securing vaccines, with which it hopes this year to inoculate 70 million people, or
two-thirds of its population.
An opinion poll showed on Thursday less than a third of Filipinos are willing to get
inoculated against the coronavirus as many have voiced concerns over safety. Philippine
regulators have yet to approve any COVID-19 vaccines.
Source: https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-philippines-vaccine/
philippines- duterte-defends-purchase-of-chinese-covid-19-vaccine-
idUKL4N2JO38S
1. “The Chinese are not lacking in brains,” Duterte said in a late-night televised address
on Wednesday. “The Chinese are bright. They would not venture (into producing
vaccines) if it is not safe, sure and secure.”
Response:
2. At least one Philippine senator, Francis Pangilinan, called on the government to
cancel the purchase of the Sinovac vaccine, one of seven it is lining up as it plans to
begin immunization next month.
Manila has locked in 25 million doses of the Sinovac vaccine, with the first 50,000
expected to arrive in February.
Response:
3. The Philippines has among the most coronavirus cases in Asia but has trailed
regional peers in securing vaccines, with which it hopes this year to inoculate 70
million people, or two-thirds of its population.
Response:
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What I Have Learned
Directions: Fill in the blanks to complete the given sentences.
1. In this module, I learned that
2. Out of all the critical reading strategies discussed, I believe that the most useful for
me is because
3. I can apply what I have learned in this module by
What I Can Do
A. Directions: In not less than 100 words, explain how you can use each of the critical
reading strategies in reasoning. You will be graded based on the criteria on page 9.
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Directions: Write T if the statement is true. If not, underline the word/s that make/s it incorrect,
then write the correct term/s on the space provided before each number.
1. Responding is reacting to what you have read.
2. Critical reading is another term for reasoning.
3. Reasoning is defined as a careful, thorough, thoughtful, and active
reading.
4. When a person breaks a text into its parts, he/she is performing
summarizing.
5. Previewing is gathering as much information about the text as you can
before you read it.
6. Responding is done when the text is shortened.
7. Annotating is jotting down of notes in the text as you read it.
8. Reasoning is done when a person explains his/her points for believing in
a particular side.
9. Annotating may be done while reading.
10. In analyzing a text, a person must read relevant information about it
before reading.
11. Critical reading strategies are used in reasoning.
12. Re-reading is reading the text several times to make as much meaning
as possible.
13. Summarizing entails making a text shorter than the original.
14. In annotating, a person must read the text repetitively.
15. Analyzing is breaking the text down into its parts to find out the
connections among them.
Additional Activities
Directions: In 100 words, explain the usage and importance of at least one of the six critical
reading strategies discussed. You will be graded based upon the criteria on page 9.
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References
Ambida, Roger, Clarence Ella Alipio and Richard Oandasan. Reading and Writing for Senior
High School. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc. 2016.
Tiongson, Marella Therese and Maxine Rafaella Rodriguez. Reading and Writing Skills,
First Edition. Quezon City: Rex Book Store, Inc. 2016.
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For inquiries or feedback, please write:
Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS) Capitol Compound, G
Email Address:
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