WELCOME TO

MODULE 1 :
INTRODUCTORY
CONCEPTS
MODULE 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
◦ By the end of this module, the students will be able to:
◦ 1. Identify the elements of the PM life cycle, including plan, control, and
◦ 2. organize and allocate resources.
◦ 3. Understand PM processes.
◦ 4. Comprehend and become familiar with the use of basic tools and
techniques to
◦ 5. plan, organize, and manage a project.
◦ 6. Optimize results while managing the triple constraints.
◦ 7. Manage stakeholder communications.
◦ 8. Demonstrate the principles and practice of team leadership.
PROJECT
◦A as a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique
product, service, or result. The temporary nature of projects
indicates a definite beginning and end. The end is reached
when the project’s objectives have been achieved or
when the project is terminated because its objectives will
not or cannot be met, or when the need for the project no
longer exists.
Projects Characteristics
• Projects are unique.
• Projects are temporary in nature and have a definite beginning and ending date.
• Projects are completed when the project goals are achieved or it’s determined the
project is no longer viable
What Is Project Management?
◦ Project management involves the planning and organization of
a company's resources to move a specific task, event, or duty
towards completion. It can involve a one-time project or an
ongoing activity, and resources managed include personnel,
finances, technology, and intellectual property.

◦ Project management is often associated with fields in

engineering and construction and, more lately, healthcare and
information technology (IT), which typically have a complex set
of components that have to be completed and assembled in a
set fashion to create a functioning product.
 Types of Project Management
Waterfall Project Management Agile Project Management
This is similar to traditional project
management but includes the ◦ The computer software industry was
caveat that each task needs to be one of the first to use this methodology.
completed before the next one With the basis originating in the 12 core
starts. Steps are linear and progress principles of the Agile Manifesto, agile
flows in one direction—like a project management is an iterative
waterfall. Because of this, attention process focused on the continuous
to task sequences and timelines are monitoring and improvement of
very important in this type of project deliverables.
management.
Types of Project Management
◦ Lean Project Management
◦ This methodology is all about avoiding waste, both of time and of resources.
The principles of this methodology were gleaned from Japanese
manufacturing practices. The main idea behind them is to create more value
for customers with fewer resources.
 The Process of Project Management
The Process of Project Management You’ve
determined that you have a project. What
now? The notes you scribbled down on the
back of the napkin at lunch are a start, but
not exactly good project management
practice. Too often, organizations follow
Nike’s advice when it comes to managing
projects when they “just do it.” An
assignment is made, and the project team
members jump directly into the development
of the product or service requested. In the
end, the delivered product doesn’t meet the
expectations of the customer.
Petrobras P-36 Sinking – The Biggest Oil Rig Sinking In
the Oilfield Industry
Reason for Sinking – Cut quality due to Cost
Project Management Expertise
◦ Application knowledge ◦ Understanding the Project Environment

◦ By standards, we mean guidelines or ◦ There are many factors that need to be

preferred approaches that are not understood within your project
necessarily mandatory. In contrast, environment. At one level, you need to
when referring to regulations we mean think in terms of the cultural and social
mandatory rules that must be followed, environments (i.e., people,
such as government imposed demographics, and education). The
requirements through laws. It should go international and political environment
without saying that as a professional, is where you need to understand about
you’re required to follow all applicable different countries’ cultural influences.
laws and rules that apply to your
industry, organization, or project. Every
industry has standards and regulations.
◦ The diversity of practices and cultures
and its impact on products in general
and on software in particular goes well
beyond the date issue. You may be
managing a project to create a new
website for a company that sells
products worldwide.
MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE AND
SKILLS
◦ As the project manager, you have to rely on your project management knowledge
and your general management skills. here, we are thinking of items like your ability to
plan the project, execute it properly, and of course control it and bring it to a successful
conclusion, along with your ability to guide the project team to achieve project
objectives and balance project constraints.
Interpersonal Skills
◦Communication
◦Negotiation
◦Scheduling and Time
Management
◦ Leadership
◦Technical Expertise
◦Risk Management
◦Critical Thinking and
Problem Solving
Initiation Phase
During the first of these phases, the initiation phase,
the project objective or need is identified; this can
be a business problem or opportunity.

planning phase, is where the project solution is

further developed in as much detail as possible
and the steps necessary to meet the project’s
objective are planned. In this step, the team
identifies all of the work to be done.

implementation phase, the project plan is put into

motion and the work of the project is performed. It
is important to maintain control and communicate
as needed during implementation.

During the final closure, the emphasis is on

releasing the final deliverables to the customer,
handing over project documentation to the
business, terminating supplier contracts, releasing
project resources, and communicating the closure
of the project to all stakeholders
Strategic Project Management
(SPM)
◦is the process of thinking about your Projects in light of
their connection to your strategic plan. In other words,
Strategic Project Management is about forming clear
links between your Projects and Strategic Objectives.

◦The premise of Strategic Project Management is that

'Projects' should actually work to achieve the goals and
objectives outlined in your strategy.
Management of Portfolio that
supports strategies:
◦ • The mix of Projects is appropriate
and sufficient to deliver your Strategic
Objectives
◦ • Your Projects are appropriately
resourced
◦ • If timelines and resourcing have to
be changed, Projects are prioritized
accordingly based on the strategic
plan, and impacts reflected in the
plan.
Types of Project Management
Function
Characteristic of Functional Organization
1. Different segments of the project are
Functional Organization delegated to respective functional units
2. Coordination is maintained through
◦ Advantages normal management channels
◦ • No structural change 3. Used when the interest of one
functional area dominates the project or
◦ • Flexibility one functional area has a dominant
◦ • In-depth expertise interest in the project’s success
◦ • Easy post-project transition
◦ Disadvantages
◦ • Lack of focus
◦ • Poor integration
◦ • Slow
◦ • Lack of ownership
 Types of Project Management
Function
Teams operate as separate units under
Dedicated Teams the leadership of a full-time project
◦ Advantages manager
◦ • Simple
◦ Disadvantages
◦ • Fast
◦ • Expensive
◦ • Cohesive
◦ • Internal strife
◦ • Cross-functional integration
◦ • Limited technological expertise
◦ • Difficult post-project transition
Types of Project Management Function
Matrix Structure

Characteristic of Matrix Structure

◦ •Hybrid organizational structure (matrix) is
overlaid on the normal functional structure
◦ •Two chains of command (functional and
project)
◦ •Project participants report simultaneously to
both functional and project managers
◦ •Matrix structure optimizes the use of resources
◦ •Allows for participation on multiple projects
while performing normal functional duties
◦ •Achieves a greater integration of expertise
and project requirements
 Choosing the Appropriate Project Management
Structure:

Organization (Form) Considerations: Project Considerations:

◦ How important is the project ◦ Size of project

to the firm’s success? ◦ Strategic importance
◦ What percentage of core ◦ Novelty and need for innovation
work involves projects? ◦ Need for integration (number of
departments involved)
◦ What level of resources
(human and physical) are ◦ Environmental complexity (number
of external interfaces)
available?
◦ Budget and time constraints
◦ Stability of resource requirements
 Organizational Culture
◦ The “personality” of the
◦ A system of shared norms, beliefs, values, organization that sets it apart
and assumptions, which bind people from other organizations
together, thereby ◦ Provides a sense of identity to its
◦ creating shared meanings. members
Organizational culture is the collection of
values, expectations, and practices that ◦ Helps legitimize the management
guide and inform the actions of all team system of the organization
members. Think of it as the collection of
traits that make your company what it is.
◦ Clarifies and reinforces standards
A great culture exemplifies positive traits of behavior
that lead to improved performance,
while a dysfunctional company culture
brings out qualities that can hinder even
the most successful organizations.
Identifying Cultural Characteristics

◦Study the physical

characteristics of an
organization
◦Observe how people
interact within the
organization
◦Interpret stories and folklore
surrounding the
organization
Challenges for Project Managers in
Navigating Organizational Cultures
•Interactingwith the culture
and subcultures of the parent
organization
•Interacting with the project’s
clients or customer
organizations
•Interacting with other
organizations connected to
the project
Project Stakeholder Management

◦People and organizations can have many

different relationships to the project. Most
commonly, these relationships can be grouped
into those who will be impacted by the project
and those who can impact the project.

◦(See module for table)