The Conditional Statements
C-Programming
The computer has the capability to make decisions
based on a given set of conditions and choices.
If-else conditional statements
• Syntax:
When the condition is proven
if (condition) true, statement 1 is executed.
Otherwise, Statement 2 will
statement 1; run.
else
Else part is optional which
statement 2; means that it can be included
or not.
C logical operators
Operator Description
The logical-AND operator produces the value 1 if both operands have
nonzero values. If either operand is equal to 0, the result is 0. If the first
&&
operand of a logical-AND operation is equal to 0, the second operand is
not evaluated.
The logical-OR operator performs an inclusive-OR operation on its
operands. The result is 0 if both operands have 0 values. If either
|| operand has a nonzero value, the result is 1. If the first operand of a
logical-OR operation has a nonzero value, the second operand is not
evaluated.
Relational and Equality Operators
Operator Relationship Tested
< First operand less than second operand
> First operand greater than second operand
<= First operand less than or equal to second operand
>= First operand greater than or equal to second operand
== First operand equal to second operand
!= First operand not equal to second operand
Example
1. Write a program that determines if the input age is qualified to vote
or not. The qualifying age is 18 years old and above.
Algorithm:
Enter age
If age > 18 : “Qualified”
Else: “Too young!”
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int age;
printf("\nEnter age: ");
scanf("%d", &age);
if (age>=18)
printf("Qualified to vote\n");
else
printf("Too Young!\n");
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int age;
printf("\nEnter age: ");
scanf("%d", &age);
if ((age>=1)&&(age<=100))
if (age>=18)
printf("qualified to vote\n");
else
printf("too young!");
else
printf("out of range!\n");
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
Example
2. Write a program that accepts the input magic number. If the input is
right, the magic words will be displayed.
The magic number is 143 and its corresponding magic words are: “I
love you!” if the input number is wrong, displays: “Sorry, better luck
next time”.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int mn;
printf("Enter a magic number: ");
scanf("%d", &mn);
if (mn==143)
printf("I love you!\n");
else
printf("Sorry, better luck next time!\n");
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
Example
3. Write a program that determines if the input number is
POSITIVE or NEGATIVE. Consider 0 as positive,
considering that it contains no negative sign.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int n;
printf("\nEnter a number:");
scanf("%d", &n);
if(n>=0)
printf("Positive\n");
else
printf("Negative\n");
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
Example
4. Write a program the determines if the input number is ODD or EVEN
number.
Use %= modulo
• The modulo operation finds the remainder of division of one number by
another.
• For instance, the expression "5 mod 4" would evaluate to 1 because 5
divided by 4 leaves a remainder of 1, while "9 mod 3" would evaluate to 0
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int r,n;
printf("\nEnter a number:");
scanf("%d", &n);
r=n % 2;
if(r==0)
printf("EVEN\n");
else
printf("ODD\n");
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
“The sequence of if-else statements is the most general way of writing
a multi-way decision. The expressions are evaluated in order, if any
expression is true, the statement associated with it is executed, and
this terminates the whole chain.”
-Dennis Ritchie
Ladderized if/else Statements
Syntax Only those conditional
if (condition 1) statements and expressions
that were first proven true, are
statement 1;
the ones to be chosen and its
else if (condition 2) associated statements will be
statement 2; executed.
else if (condition n) When all conditions were
statement n; proven false, else statement x
will run.
else
statement x;
Example
5. Write a program to assist a teacher in calculating student grades at the
end of the semester. It accepts a numerical grade as input, then it will
display the character as output, based on the given scale:
90 and above: A
80-89 B
70-79 C
60-69 D
Below 60 F
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> else if ((g>=60) && (g<=69))
printf("D\n");
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
else if ((g>=50) && (g<=59))
{
printf("F\n");
int g;
printf("\nEnter grade: "); else
scanf("%d", &g); printf("Out of Range\n");
if ((g>=90) && (g<=100))
printf("A\n"); system("PAUSE");
return 0;
else if ((g>=80) && (g<=89)) }
printf("B\n");
else if ((g>=70) && (g<=79))
printf("C\n");
6. Write a program that displays an equivalent color
once an input letter match its first character, for
example b for Blue, r for Red, and so on. Here are the
given criteria:
‘B’ or ‘b’ Blue
‘R’ or ‘r’ Red
‘G’ or ‘g’ Green
‘Y’ or ‘y’ Yellow
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> else if((let=='G') || (let=='g'))
printf("Green\n");
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
else if((let=='Y') || (let=='y'))
{
printf("Yellow\n");
char let;
printf("Enter a letter: \n"); else
scanf("%c", &let); printf("Unknown Color\n");
system("PAUSE");
if((let=='B') || (let=='b')) return 0;
printf("Blue\n"); }
else if((let=='R') || (let=='r'))
printf("Red\n");
The Switch /Case Statements
“The switch/case statement is a multi-way decision that tests whether
an expression matches one of a number of constant integer values,
and branches accordingly. If a case matches the expression value,
execution starts at the case.”
-Dennis Ritchie
Switch/Case statements
• Used to simplify some of the tasks of ladderized if-
else statements.
• Variables declared as integers and characters are the
best candidates that can be tested or evaluated by
the switch.
Syntax:
switch(var_expression) {
case const_value: statement 1; break;
case const_value: statement 2; break;
case const_value: statement 3; break;
case const_value: statement 4; break;
default: statement x; break;
}
“The break statement causes an immediate exit from the switch.
Because cases serve just as labels, after the code for one case is done,
execution falls through to the next unless you take explicit action to
escape.”
-Dennis Ritchie
7. Write a program to display the high school level of a
student, based on its year-entry number.
1 Freshman
2 Sophomore
3 Junior
4 Senior
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int n;
printf("enter your year-entry number: \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
switch(n)
{
case 1: printf("Freshman\n"); break;
case 2: printf("Sophomore\n"); break;
case 3: printf("Junior\n"); break;
case 4: printf("Senior\n"); break;
default: printf("Out-of-School\n"); break;
}
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
