UNIT 2 Process Paragraph

A. Context Exploration
A process paragraph is a series of steps that explain how something happens or how to make
something, because of that such explanations must be clear, the process paragraph must be
written in chronological order, and it must include a topic sentence that clearly states
the paragraph's purpose. It must also include transition words and phrases such as “first,” “next,”
“finally,” that connect each of the steps.

There are two kinds of Process paragraph; informational and directional paragraph.
a. Directional paragraph:

A directional process paragraph explains the directions to perform a task. It provides the
reader a set of instructions or a step-by-step guidance. The following is an example of a
directional process paragraph:

How to Make a Good Cup of Tea

Making a good cup of tea is exquisitely simple. First, the teapot is heated by filling it
with water that has just come to a boil. This water is then discarded, and one teaspoon of
loose tea per cup is placed in the teapot (the exact amount may vary according to taste).
Fresh water that has just come to a boil is poured into the pot. A good calculation is six
ounces of water for each cup of tea. The tea must now steep for three to five minutes;
then it is poured through a strainer into a cup or mug. A pound of loose tea will yield
about two hundred cups of brewed tea. Using a tea bag eliminates the strainer, but it is
still best to make the tea in a teapot so that the water stays sufficiently hot. The typical
restaurant service—a cup of hot water with the tea bag on the side—will not produce the
best cup of tea because the water is never hot enough when it reaches the table and
because the tea should not be dunked in the water; the water should be poured over the
tea. Although tea in a pot often becomes too strong, that problem can be dealt with very
easily by adding more boiling water. (From: Scarry S. and Scary J., 2011: 422)

b. Informational paragraph:

An informational process paragraph explains how something works or how something

worked in the past. Its purpose is purely to provide information. Such writing could be
found easily in history books. For instance, if you described how General Diponegoro
planned his battle strategy, this would be informational process writing. The following
example explains the developmental phases of the use of literature in the second or
foreign language teaching. In the paragraph, the transitional words that signal the steps or
stages of the process have been italicized.
 The Use of Literary works in Second/Foreign Language Teaching

The use of literary works in the second/foreign language curriculum varies greatly
depending on the method dominating the practice. First, literary works were notable
sources of material when the Grammar Translation Method dominated until the end of
the 19th century. But they were absent from the curriculum until 1970s when the
Grammar Translation Method was successively replaced by Structuralism Approach,
Direct Method, Audio-lingual Method, Community Language Learning, Suggestopedia,
the Silent Way, Total Physical Response, and the Natural Approach because these
methods tend to regard a second and foreign language teaching as a matter of linguistics.
They emphasize more on structures and vocabulary. Then literary works became even
more divorced from language teaching with the advent of the communicative approach
which focuses on the teaching of “usable, practical” contents for enabling students to
communicate orally. In this period the second and foreign language classrooms were
dominated by dialogues. However, the situation changed quite radically since the 1980s
when literature has found its way back into the teaching of second and foreign language
though not in the way it was used with the Grammar Translation Method. Afterward,
literature undergoes an extensive reconsideration within the language teaching
profession.

To write a good process paragraph, should do these four steps:

1. Make sure to write topic sentence describing the process.
2. Make sure that the steps in the process are complete.
3. Present the steps in the right sequence
4. Use correct transitional words to indicate the sequence of the process you are writing.
the followings are transitions commonly used in process analysis: the first step, in the
beginning, first of all, to begin with, to start with, the second step, next, while you are,
as you are, eventually,then, the last step, the final step, finally, etc.

Model Paragraph

How to boil an Egg

Ingredient/Material:
1. Eggs
2. Water
3. Pot
4. Gas stove

You can cook perfectly boiled egg for breakfast if you

Topic sentence
follow these six steps.First, get a pot. Second, fill the pot
with full of water and put in the egg. Next, turn on the gas
Supporting Sentence stove. After that, Put the pot on the stove and wait until the

Concluding Sentence
 water boiling. Boil the egg for about three minutes. At last,
take the egg out of the pot and peel the egg shell. The egg is
ready to eat. Enjoy it!
B. Practice
Group Work Exercise
Directions:
a) Write a process paragraph in your own words on one of the following ideas.
1. How to make a cup of tea
2. How to book a ticket in travel app
3. How rainbow appears after the rain
4. How honey is made
b) Write at least 60 words
c) Use the guidelines for writing a paragraph and the checklist to help you.
d) All your drafts should be done in class and handed in to your teacher
e) Conceptualize your ideas into mind mapping first before you develop into well-organized
writing

Topic:
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Topic Sentence:
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Supporting Sentence:
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Major Sentence:
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 Minor Sentence:
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Concluding Sentence:
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