lOMoARcPSD|19483460

Grade 12 STEM General Biology 2- Module 2

Biology (Ateneo de Naga University)

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)
 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

Senior High School

General Biology 2
Module 2
Recombinant DNA

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

General Biology 2
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Module 2: Recombinant DNA
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of
such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a
condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright
holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these
materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writes: Rolly S. Remorin
Editors: Lenie G. Forro , Miraflor O. Albios, and Cynthia S. Bustillo
Reviewers: Yusof A. Aliudin, Agabai S. Kandalayang, Sheryl B. Bautista, Aida S. Delon,
Rowena P. Alterado, Ma.Kristine B. Latris, and Eloisa R. Agni

Layout Artist: Allan T. Basubas, Glen D. Napoles, Jay Ar O. Espartero, Alex C. Macale, and
Mark Daryl T. Lazaro
Management Team:
Allan G. Farnazo - Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra- Assistant Regional Director
Isagani S. Dela Cruz - Schools Division Superintendent
Natividad G. Ocon- Assistant Division Superintendent
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson, Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Elpidio B. Daquipil – CID Chief
Juvy B. Nitura – EPSVR, LRMS
Marcelo B. Bocatera- ADM Coordinator
Lenie G. Forro – EPSVR, Science Coordinator

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education –SOCCSKSARGEN

Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal
Telefax: (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

SHS

General Biology 2
Module 2
Recombinant DNA

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Biology 2 Self Learning Module (SLM) on Discussing the
Applications of Recombinant DNA.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

Hello my dear Facilitator of learning. You are lucky to have this learning
material which is easily deliver the lesson for our learners, enhance their
knowledge on specific learning competency and help them achieve our learning
objectives. Please tell our learners to read, understand, analyze and answer all
the activities and questions seriously as this material is designed and made for
them. Inform also our learners to take some precautionary measures and some
activities need extra care. Don’t go beyond our objectives and main goal for our
learners. As a facilitator let us be an agent to let them love learning through
this module.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

ii

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

For the learner:

Welcome to the General Biology 2 Self Learning Module (SLM) on Discussing the
Applications of Recombinant DNA.

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
What I Know lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of the

What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
What’s More skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

This includes questions or blank

What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

iii

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

This section provides an activity which will

What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your

Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given

Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

What I Need to Know

What are some Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology?

This module will leads you to understand the applications of recombinant DNA.

Most Essential Learning Competencies

 Discuss the applications of recombinant DNA (STEM_BIO11/12-IIIa-

b-7).

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. discuss the applications of recombinant DNA;

2. make a diagram on the applications of recombinant DNA; and
3. value the importance of applications of recombinant DNA.

What I Know

Directions: Select the letter of the BEST answer from the given choices. Write your
answer on your activity notebook.

1. At what level are gene products manipulated in genetic engineering?

A. Amino acid
B. DNA
C. Protein
D. RNA

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

2. An organism that contains genes from other organisms is called________.

A. macrotrans
B. recomorgi
C. transgenic
D. transplant
3. Which microorganisms used in the application of recombinant DNA?
A. Algae
B. Bacteria
C. Fungi
D. Virus
4. Which is a product of genetically modified organism or GMO in plants?
A. Bt corn
B. Cheese
C. Gene therapy
D. Vaccines
5. What is the application of recombinant DNA in the field of Agriculture?
A. Maintain good health
B. To treat human disease
C. Improved nutritional value
D. Developed insect-resistant plant
6. Which of the following best defines the function of Agrobacterium
tumefaciens?
A. It can cause blindness in humans
B. It can cause weight loss in humans
C. It is used for recombinant DNA in fungi
D. It can be used to introduce DNA to plants
7. Which bacteria used in plant and it is poisonous to certain pests?
A. Bacillus thuringiensis
B. Pseudomonas syriangae
C. Pseudomonas fluorescens
D. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

8. What recombinant bacterium is called the ice-minus bacterium which lacks

the gene responsible for ice formation?
A. Bacillus thuringiensis
B. Pseudomonas syriangae
C. Pseudomonas fluorescens
D. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
9. What nonpathogenic bacterium that has the ability to produce proteins
rapidly which is advantageous in developing biotherapeutics and vaciines?
A. Bacillus thuringiensis
B. Pseudomonas syriangae
C. Pseudomonas fluorescens
D. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

10. All of the following are the applications of recombinant DNA in the field of
Medicine, EXCEPT
A. Insulin
B. Growth hormone
C. Blood clotting factors
D. High-quality fermented foods
11. What is the importance of the application of recombinant DNA in the field
of Agriculture?
A. To treat disease
B. Develop vaccines
C. Process fermented foods
D. Produce natural insecticides
12. What importance of recombinant DNA is NOT included in the field of
medicine?
A. Frost crystal
B. Blood clotting factor
C. Hepatitis B virus surface antigen
D. Modified human growth hormone
13. What genetically engineered traits is NOT the application of recombinant
DNA to agriculture?
A. Pollen control
B. Insect resistance
C. Replacement therapy
D. Delayed fruit ripening
14. Is it true that (I) Recombinant plasmid is a combination of plasmid and
gene of interest while (II) Amplified gene lacks plasmid?
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II

15. What is the correct sequence of applications of recombinant DNA?

I. Bacteria culture
II. Amplified gene and protein
III. Recombinant plasmid inserted into bacteria
IV. Plasmid from a bacteria and gene of interest
V. Scientific research for medicine, agriculture and food industry

A. IV, III, I, II, V

B. I, III, V, II, IV
C. II, V, IV, III, I
D. V, I, III, IV, I

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

What’s In

From your previous topic about the processes involved in genetic engineering.
What are the processes involve in genetic engineering? What is the importance of
genetic engineering? Let’s connect to the recombinant DNA but before that try to
rearrange the rumbled letters to give you a clue on the lesson to be discussed. The
rumbled letters are C P O S P I N L I A T A .

What’s New

Activity: Applications of recombinant DNA.

Directions: Examine the illustration below and answer the guide questions. Write it
on your activity notebook.

Question:

1. Based from the illustration above, what are the applications of

recombinant DNA in the field of Agriculture, Medicine and Food
Industry?

What is It

Activity: Applications of your knowledge.

Directions: Try to guess what applications of recombinant DNA illustrate the

following pictures. Write your answer on your activity notebook.

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

Picture 1

Picture 2

Picture 3 Picture 4

Applications of Recombinant DNA

Several scientific advancements have led to many genetic engineering

techniques that are very beneficial to us. It is now possible to transfer DNA sequences
from one organism to another. American researcher Steven Howell and his associates
at the University of California in San Diego learned that even genes from two or more
different organisms can be made to work together. Howell’s team tried to isolate the
gene for luciferase- an enzyme that allows fireflies to glow- and insert it into tobacco
cells.
When the gene was activated from the recombinant cells, the plants glowed in the
dark. This means that the basic mechanisms of gene expression are shared by both

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

plants and animals. Here are some of the benefits that we can get from recombinant
DNA.
Agriculture

Transgenic plants, or plants that contain genes from other organisms, are
now an important part in the field of agriculture. By using recombinant DNA
technology, plants can now be grown with genes responsible for producing natural
insecticides. This technology reduces the need for synthetic or artificial insecticides
and pesticides. In the Philippines, recent developments have enabled plants to
express a recombinant form of protein used by the Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium.
Recall the genetically modified maize known as Bt corn. This crop is widely used in
organic farming because it is poisonous to certain pests. This is greatly beneficial to
farmers because Bt corn eliminates corn borers, which cause an enormous amount
of damage to corn crops in our country.

Figure 1. Bt corn or genetically modified (GM) corn

The following are some bacteria used in recombinant DNA technology:

1. Pseudomonas syriangae- The recombinant variant of this bacterium is called

the ice-minus bacterium, which lacks the gene responsible for ice formation. The ice-
minus bacteria prevent frost crystals from forming in plants.

2. Pseudomonas fluorescens- This is a nonpathogenic bacterium that has the

ability to produce proteins rapidly. This characteristic is advantageous in developing
biotherapeutics and vaccines.
3. Agrobacterium tumefaciens- In its natural state, this bacterium has a tumor-
inducing (Ti) plasmid that causes crown gall disease in plants. The said Ti plasmid
in the bacterium can be removed and replaced with a recombinant plasmid. This
enables the now-modified bacterium to introduce beneficial genes to plants.

Other applications of recombinant DNA to agriculture are the following:

A. Crop Improvement
B. Genetically Engineered Traits: The Big Six
1. Herbicide Resistance
2. Insect Resistance
3. Virus Resistance
4. Altered Oil Content
6

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

5. Delayed Fruit Ripening

6. Pollen Control
C. Biotech Revolution: Cold and Drought Tolerance and Weather- Guard Genes

Medicine

An important contribution of recombinant DNA technology in the field of

medicine is the use of bacteria to create substances that our body needs whether to
maintain good health or to treat a disease. For example, human insulin is created
using recombinant DNA to help diabetics. Also, the modified human growth hormone
is widely used to support the development of people who have a malfunctioning
pituitary gland. This is of great benefit because it avoids the practice of getting growth
hormones from dead bodies, which can pose serious health risks. Other important
substances such as blood clotting factors (for people suffering from hemophilia) and
hepatitis B virus surface antigens (for people suffering from hepatitis B) are also
products of recombinant DNA technology. Certainly, this technology has given us
many benefits in the field of medicine.

Figure 2. How recombinant DNA technology is used in medicine

Other medical applications of recombinant DNA technology:

1. Production of proteins for replacement therapy (e.g. insulin), disease

prevention (e.g. vaccines) and diagnostic tests (e.g. monoclonal
antibodies).
2. Treatment of genetic diseases (gene therapy).

Food Industry

Recombinant technology has also improved the food industry. Some of the
crops that we eat are now resistant to pests, diseases, and environmental stress. As
a result, crop yields have increased and production costs have been kept lowered.
Recombinant crops are also beneficial because of their improved nutritional quality
and longer shelf life. Recombinant technology can also be used for processing high-
quality fermented foods such as cheeses, pickles, wines, and beers.

Food products have been developed with genetic engineering. Cattle can be
engineered to be bigger with higher reproduction rates of better quality e.g.
developing animals whose meat has less fat. It is possible to modify certain foods,
such as fruits and livestock, in terms of sweetness, color, and even nutritional value
e.g. soybean, tomato and corn.

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

What’s More

Activity: More Recombinant DNA

Directions: Column A is the definition of term in the Column B. Select the word/s
from the Column B that best describes its definition from the Column A.
Write the letter of your answer on your activity notebook.

Column A Column B
1. enzyme that allows fireflies to glow a. Food industry

2. genetically modified maize b. Medicine

3. blood clotting factor c. Agriculture

4. improved nutritional value d. luciferase

5. modified human growth hormone e. hemophilia

f. hepatitis B
g. vermiculture

What I Have Learned

Activity: Recombinant DNA Diagram

Directions: In your own knowledge and understanding answer the problem below.
Write your answer on your activity notebook.

Problem:
Make a diagram showing the application of recombinant DNA in the field of
Agriculture, Medicine and Food Industry.

Rubrics for Scoring

Excellent Very Satisfactory Fair Needs Improvement

Criteria
4 3 2 1
Thoughtfully Somewhat
Well organized organized and organized and
Choppy and
in logical Easy to follow somewhat
confusing. Contains
Organization format and most of the time. incoherent.
a limited number of
contains main Contains most of Contains only
concepts.
concepts the main a few of the
concepts main concepts.

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

Justifies key Justifies few Regardless of the

results and Justifies some results or evidence or reasons,
Justifiable
procedures, results or procedures, maintains or
procedures
explains procedures, seldom defends views based
and results
assumptions explains reasons. explains on self-interest or
and reasons. reasons preconceptions.

What I Can Do

Activity: Apply Recombinant DNA

Directions: Use your basic knowledge on recombinant DNA technology to answer

the question. Do it in your activity notebook.

1. What are the advantages of using recombinant DNA to produce human

hormones such as insulin and somatotropin?

Assessment

Directions: Select the letter of the best answer from the given choices. Write your
answer on your activity notebook.

1. What bacterium produces proteins rapidly which is use in developing

biotherapeutics and vaciines?
A. Bacillus thuringiensis
B. Pseudomonas syriangae
C. Pseudomonas fluorescens
D. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
2. What is the function of Agrobacterium tumefaciens?
A. Can cause blindness in humans
B. Used to introduce DNA to plants
C. Can cause weight loss in humans
D. Used for recombinant DNA in fungi
3. Which bacteria are poisonous to certain pests?
A. Bacillus thuringiensis
B. Pseudomonas syriangae
C. Pseudomonas fluorescens
D. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

4. What is the application of recombinant DNA in the field of Agriculture?

A. Maintain good health
B. To treat human disease
C. Improved nutritional value
D. Developed insect-resistant plant
5. What is being manipulated in genetic engineering?
A. Amino acid
B. DNA
C. Protein
D. RNA
6. What microorganisms used in recombinant DNA?
A. Algae
B. Bacteria
C. Fungi
D. Virus
7. Which is a product of recombinant DNA in plants?
A. Cheese
B. Bt corn
C. Vaccines
D. Gene therapy
8. What recombinant bacterium is called the ice-minus bacterium?
A. Bacillus thuringiensis
B. Pseudomonas syriangae
C. Pseudomonas fluorescens
D. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
9. What organism contains genes from other organisms?
A. Macrotrans
B. Recomorgi
C. Transgenic
D. Transplant
10. All of the following are the applications of recombinant DNA in the field of
Agriculture, EXCEPT
A. Virus resistance
B. Insect resistance
C. Altered Oil content
D. Monoclonal antibodies
11. What is the importance of the application of recombinant DNA in the field
of Food Industry?
A. To treat disease
B. Develop vaccines
C. Process fermented foods
D. Produce natural insecticides

10

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

12. What importance of recombinant DNA is NOT included in the field of

Agriculture?
A. Bt corn
B. Insulin
C. Frost crystal
D. Weather-guard genes
13. What genetically engineered traits is NOT the application of recombinant
DNA to agriculture?
A. Virus resistance
B. Genetic diseases
C. Herbicide resistance
D. Cold and Drought tolerance
14. Is it true that (I) Recombinant technology used for processing fermented
foods while (II) Sweetness and color of fruits is also a product of
transgenic plant?
A. I only
B. II only
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II

15. How recombinant DNA technology is used in medicine?

I. DNA is put into specially engineered host cell

II. Medicine is given to patient who was prescribed it
III. The medicine produced from DNA is specially packaged
IV. Special DNA sections are stitched together in a plasmid
V. The host cells are grown in batches producing the medicine

A. V, I, III, II, IV
B. I, IV, V, II, III
C. IV, I, V, III, II
D. II, IV, I, V, III

Additional Activities

Activity: Extend Your Knowledge

You have learned how recombinant technology is applied in the fields of

medicine, agriculture and food industry. To know more of the recent applications of
recombinant technology;1.) visit https://www.dnacenter.com/science-
technology/health-nutrition.html. 2.) take pictures of some examples of recombinant
DNA product.

11

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)
12
What’s More
1. d
What Is It
2. e
Picture 1. Bt corn/ pest resistance
3. b
Picture 2. For human growth hormone
4. a
Picture 3. Modify food e.g. sweetness and color
5. c
Picture 4. Nutritional Improvement
Assessment What I Know
1. C 1. B
2. B 2. C
3. A 3. B
4. D 4. A
5. B 5. D
6. B 6. D
7. B 7. A
8. B 8. B
9. C 9. C
10. D 10. D
11. C 11. D
12. B 12. A
13. B 13. C
14. C 14. A
15. C 15. A
Answer Key
lOMoARcPSD|19483460
 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

References
Javier, Mark Archei O. Diwa Senior High School Series: General Biology 2. 4/F
SEDCCO 1 Bldg. 120 Thailand corner Legazpi Streets, Legaspi Village, 1229 Makati
City: DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS INC, 2017.

13

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)

 lOMoARcPSD|19483460

DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN with the
primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal. Contents of this
module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This
is a supplementary material to be used by all learners of Region XII in all public
schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR development was observed in
the production of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback,
comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Learning Resource Management

System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

Downloaded by John Paul Eldrick Labay (labayjohnpauleldrick@gmail.com)