🧪
Reagent List
Reagents
Name Notes Role
R-X → R-H; also Zn + dil.
Zinc + CH3COOH Reducing Agent
HCl; Zn + NaOH
Catalytic Hydrogenation; Syn
H2/Nickel Reducing Agent
addition
LiAlH4 Strong Agent Reducing Agent
Mild Agent, doesn't reduce
NaBH4 Reducing Agent
carboxylic acids
Very Strong Agent: reduces
Red P + HI carboxylic acids directly into Reducing Agent
hydrocarbons
Zn-Hg/HCl Clemennsion's Reduction Reducing Agent
NH2-NH2/KOH Wolff-Kishner Reduction Reducing Agent
Lindlars Catalyst,
H2/Pd-BaSO4 Reducing Agent
Rosenmund's reduction
Na, liq. NH3 Birch Reduction Reducing Agent
NaOH + CaO Soda Lime Decarboxylation Decarboxylating Agent
Reagent List 1
Name Notes Role
Base
Alc. KOH
Dehydrohalogenation Agent
Base
NaNH2
Dehydrohalogenation Agent
R=R or R-O-R; Temp.
H2SO4 dependent; sulphonating Dehydrating Agent
agent for aromatic
H+/H2O Hydrating Agent
HgSO4/H2SO4 Hydrating Agent
Hg(OAc)/NaBH4 Oxymer-demur; Markonikov Hydrating Agent
Hydroboration-oxidation; Anti
B2H6/H2O2 Hydrating Agent
Markonikov
OsO4/alk. KMnO4(baeyrs) syn dihydroxylation Hydrating Agent
Zn/Alcohol vicinal halogens → alkene Dehalogenating Agent
cis vicinal halogens → alkene; Dehalogenating Agent
NaI/Acetone
Finkelstein Reaction Halogenating Agent
Hot Conc. KMnO4 Oxidative cleavage Oxidising Agent
O3/Zn Ozonolysis Oxidising Agent
PX3 follows Sn2 Halogenating Agent
PX5 follows Sn2 Halogenating Agent
HVZ Reaction when R-CH2-
Red P + X2 Halogenating Agent
COOH is substrate
Darzen's Process; Best for
SOCl2 making alkyl halides; Halogenating Agent
Sni(retention)
NBS Allylic substitution Halogenating Agent
Anti addition across double
Br2/CCl4 Halogenating Agent
bond
Electrophilic Aromatic
X2 + Lewis Acid Halogenating Agent
Substitution
Reagent List 2
Name Notes Role
Riemer-Tiemann
CCl4/NaOH/Heat + H2O Carboxylating Agent
carboxylation
Base
C2H5O-Na+
Dehydrohalogenation Agent
H2O2/Peroxide For Amines(Cope Elimination) Oxidising Agent
HNO3 Nitrating agent with aromatic Oxidising Agent
SOCl2+CH2N2+H2O/Ag2O Arndt Einstert Reaction Chain Lengthening Agent
Best for reducing -COOH
B2H6 Reducing Agent
group
K2Cr2O7/H+ Very Strong Oxidising Agent
R-OH → R=R(E1) OR R-OH
Al2O3/Heat Dehydrating Agent
→ R-O-R(E2)
Carbocation mechanism; R-
Ag2O/H2O(AgOH) Hydrating Agent
X→ R-OH
NaOI2/ I2 + NaOH Iodoform reaction Halogenating Agent
R-Br → R-NH2; Gabriel
Pthalamide/KOH Aminating Agent
Pthalamide Synthesis
(C2H5O)3Al R-CHO → R-CO-O-C-R Esterifying Agent
PCC Mild, till aldehydes Oxidising Agent
Benzene → Malaeic
V2O5 Oxidising Agent
Anhydride
Sn/HCl Reducing Agent
CrO3/Pyridine Mild, only till aldehydes Oxidising Agent
Carbocation in aliphatic, N2Cl
NaNO2/HCl Diazonium formation
in aromatic
CHCl3/NaOH/Heat + H2O Riemer-Tiemann formylation Formylating Agent
3* alcohol undergoes Dehydrating Agent
Cu/Heat
dehydration Dehydrogenating Agent
Base
tert butyl-O-K+ Bulky base, hoffmann product
Dehydrohalogenation Agent
Reagent List 3
Name Notes Role
P2O5 Dehydrating Agent
Stephen's Reduction of
SnCl2/HCl Reducing Agent
Nitriles
CO2/Base + H+ Kolbe's Reaction Carboxylating Agent
Mendius Reaction(RCN → R-
Na/ethanol Reducing Agent
CH2-NH2)
DIBAL-H Reducing Agent
Halohydrin in aliphatic,
Br2/H2O Halogenating Agent
tribromophenol with phenol
Trans Alkene major in all
H3PO4 Dehydrating Agent
dehydrations
AgF Swartz Rcn Halogenating Agent
CrO2Cl2/CS2 Etard Reaction Formylating Agent
NaOH Aldol, Cannizzaro Base
Cr2O3-Al2O3/ high P&T Aromatising Agent
CO + HCl + anhydrous
Gattermann Koch Reaction Formylating Agent
AlCl3
Strong, only oxidises
MnO2 Oxidising Agent
allylic/benzylic positions
Bulky base, selectively
LDA removes less hindered H+; Base
enolate formation
R-CO-CH3 → R-CO-CHO
SeO2 (ketone to dicarbonyl Oxidising Agent
compound)
CrO3/H2SO4 Jones Reagent, Strong Oxidising Agent
Mo2O3 Alkane → Aldehyde Oxidising Agent
Hoffmann Bromamide
Br2/NaOH Degrading Agent
Degradation
Sni(inversion) gives alkyl
SOCl2/Pyridine Halogenating Agent
chlorides from alkyl alcohols
POCl3/Pyridine E2 Mech, no rearrangement Dehydrating Agent
Reagent List 4
Name Notes Role
So2cl2 Allylic substitution Halogenating Agent
Reagent List 5
