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3.
VI Class - CBSE PLAYING WITH NUMBERS
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Mathematics
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INTRODUCTION :
Ø Multiple: The product of a number by counting numbers are known as the multiples of that number.
Ø Multiples of a given number are all those numbers which are exactly divisible by the given number.
Example : i) Multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, ... and each of these numbers is exactly divisible by 3.
ii) Multiples of 5 are 5, 10, 15, 20, ...
Ø Every multiple of a number is greater than (or) equal to that number.
Ø The number of multiples of a given number is infinite.
Ø Every number is a multiple of itself and it is the least multiple of that number.
Ø Factor: If a number ‘x’ divides another number ‘y’ exactly, then we say that ‘x’ is a factor of ‘y’ and is
represented as x/y.
Example : 6 divides 18 exactly ⇒ 6 is a factor of 18.
Ø The numbers that are multiplied to get the product are called the factors of the product.
Ø When two (or) more numbers are multiplied, then each number is a factor of that product.
Ø Every factor of a number is an exact divisor of that number.
Ø Every factor of a number is less than (or) equal to that number.
Ø Number of factors of a given number is finite.
Ø Even Numbers: The natural numbers which are exactly divisible by ‘2’ are known as even numbers.
Set of even numbers is denoted by the letter ‘E’. i.e., E = {2, 4, 6 ..........}
Ø The difference between any two consecutive even numbers is ‘2’.
Example : 8 – 6 = 2, 20 –18 = 2.
Ø The sum of any two even numbers is even.
Example : 2 + 4 = 6 is even. 50 + 56 = 106 is even.
Ø The product of any two even numbers is even.
Example : 4 × 6 = 24 is even. 12 × 10 = 120 is even.
Ø Odd Numbers : The natural numbers which when divided by 2, leaves the remainder 1 are known as
odd numbers. The set of odd numbers is denoted by the letter ‘O’. i.e., O = {1,3,5.......}
Ø The difference between any two consecutive odd numbers is ‘2’. Example : 7 – 5 = 2.
Ø The sum of two odd numbers is even. Example : 3 + 5 = 8 is even
Ø The product of two odd numbers is odd. Example : 5 × 7 = 35 is odd.
Ø The sum of an even and an odd numbers is odd. Example : 4 + 5 = 9 is odd.
Ø The product of an even and an odd numbers is even. Example : 4 × 5 = 20 is even.
Ø Perfect Number: A number in which sum of all its factors is equal to twice the number is called a
perfect number.
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Mathematics VI Class - CBSE
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Example : The factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3 and 6.

Sum of the factors of 6 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12 = 2 × 6.
We find that the sum of factors of 6 is twice the number. So 6 is a perfect number.
Ø Prime Number: The natural number greater than 1 is said to be a prime number if it has only two
factors 1 and itself.
Example : 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ...
Note : i) The set of prime numbers is a subset of set of natural numbers.
ii) If 2K - 1 is a prime number then 2k-1 (2k-1) is a perfect number.
Ø Prime factor: If a factor of a given number is prime, then the factor is called as prime factors.
Example : The factors of 30 are 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15 and 30.
Out of these 2, 3 and 5 are the prime factors.
Ø Twin primes: A pair of prime numbers that differs by 2 are called twin primes.
Example : The prime numbers 5 and 7 differ by 2.
∴ They are twin primes, represented as (5, 7).
Similarly, (11, 13), (17, 19), ...
Ø Composite number: A natural number which is neither 1 nor a prime is called a composite number.
(or) A natural number having atleast three factors is called a composite number.
Example : 4 is a composite number. Since 1, 2, 4 are factors of 4.
Note : Natural number 1 is neither a prime number nor a composite number.
Ø Prime factorisation: The standard form of a natural number N(>1) is
n n2 n n
N = p1 1 p2 p3 3 ........ pk k .

Where p1, p2, p3,....., pk are distinct primes and n1, n2, ...., nk are positive integers.

Example : Express 54 as the product of prime factors.

Solution : 54 = 2 × 27
=2×3×9
=2×3×3×3
∴ Standard form of 54 is 21 × 33.
(or)
Prime factorisation can be done as follows :

2 54
3 27
54 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 21 × 33 39
33
1
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VI Class - CBSE Mathematics
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Ø Test of divisibilityby ‘2’ : A natural number is divisible by ‘2’ if and only if, the digit in its unit’s place
is either 2 or 4 or 6 or 8 or 0.
Example : 59628 is divisible by 2. Since the unit’s digit is 8.
Ø Divisibility by ‘3’: A natural number is divisible by‘3’if and only if, the sum of its digits is divisible by3.
Example : 524781 is divisble by 3.
Since the sum of digits = 5 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 8 + 1 = 27, is divisible by 3.
Ø Divisibility by ‘4’ : A natural number is divisible by ‘4’ if and only if , the number formed by the last two
digits is divisible by 4 or last two digits in the given number has zeros.
Example : 35056 is divisble by 4. Since 56 is divisible by 4.
Ø Divisibility by ‘5’:A natural number is divisible by‘5’if and only if, the last digit is either 0 or 5.
Example : 6430 is divisible by 5. Since the unit’s digit is 0.
Ø Divisibility by ‘6’ : A natural number is divisible by ‘6’ if and only if, it is divisible by 2 and 3.
Example : 2070 is divisible by 6. Since the number is divisible by both 2 and 3.
Ø Divisibility by ‘7’ : A number a kak–1a k–2 .........a5a4a3a 2a 1a0 is divisible by ‘7’ if and only if,
a2a1a0– a5a4a3 + a8 a7a6 – ........... akak–1ak–2 is divisible by 7
(or)
To check whether a number is divisible by 7, subtract twice of the units digit from the remaining and
check whether it is divisible by 7 (or) continue the above process till you get a simple number.
Example : 342384 is divisible by 7. Since 384 – 342 = 42 is divisible by 7.
Ø Divisibility by ‘8’ : A natural number is divisible by ‘8’ if and only if, the last three digits of the given
number is divisible by 8.
Example : 36792 is divisible by 8. Since 792 is divisible by 8.
Ø Divisibility by ‘9’ : A natural number is divisible by ‘9’ if and only if, the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.
Example : 20691 is divisible by 9.
Since the sum of digits = 2 + 0 + 6 + 9 + 1 = 18, is divisible by 9.
Ø Divisibility by ‘10’ : A natural number is divisible by ‘10’ if and only if, the last digit is 0.
Example : 2560 is divisible by 10. Since the unit’s digit is 0.
Ø Divisibility by ‘11’ : A natural number is divisible by ‘11’ if and only if, the difference of the sum of the
numbers obtained on adding the alternating digits of the number separately is divisible by 11.
Example : 137269 is divisible by 11.
Since, sum of the digits in odd places = 1 + 7 + 6 = 14.
sum of the digits in even places = 3 + 2 + 9 = 14.
difference = 14 - 14 = 0 is divisible by 11.

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Mathematics VI Class - CBSE
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Ø Highest Common Factor (H.C.F.): The greatest number which is the common factor of two or more
given numbers is called Highest Common Factor (H.C.F.) or Greatest Common Divisor (G.C.D.).
G.C.D. can be determined by three methods.
i) By writing all factors
ii) By prime factorisation method
iii) By division method.
1. H.C.F. by using factors:
Example : Find H.C.F. of 8, 12.
Factors of 8 are 1, 2, 4, 8.
Factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12.
Common factors of 8,12 are 1, 2, 4.
∴ H.C.F. of 8 and 12 is 4.
2. H.C.F. by using prime factorisation method : In this method we prime factorise the given numbers
(expressing each of the numbers as the product of prime factors), then take out the common prime
factors and multiply them. That will be the H.C.F. of given numbers.
Example : Find H.C.F. of 48, 52.
Solution : 48, 52 as the product of prime factors.
48 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3.
52 = 2 × 2 × 13.
H.C.F. of 48 and 52 is 2 × 2 = 4.
Note : Two positive integers ‘a’ and ‘b’ are said to be relatively prime or co-primes if the G. C. D. of ‘a’
and ‘b’ is 1. i.e., (a, b) = 1.
3. H.C.F. by using division method: To find H.C.F. of two or more given numbers, divide the greater
number by the smaller one then divide the divisor by the remainder. Go on repeating the process of
dividing the preceding divisor by the remainder, till zero remainder is obtained. The last divisor is the
required H.C.F. of the given numbers.
Example : Find H.C.F. of 130 and 150
Solution : 130) 150 (1
130
_______
20) 130 (6
120
_______
10) 20 (2
20
_______
0
H.C.F. of 130 and 150 is 10.

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VI Class - CBSE Mathematics
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Ø Least common factor(L.C.M): The least common multiple of two or more natural numbers is
the least natural number that is a multiple of the given numbers.
L.C.M. can be determined by three methods.
1) By writing the multiples of given numbers.
2) By prime factorisation method.
3) By division method.
Ø L. C.M by writing multiples of given number: In order to find L.C.M. of two or more numbers the
steps given below are followed.
1) Write the numbers.
2) Write the multiples of the given numbers.
3) Write off all the common multiples.
4) Choose the least common multiple from them.
Example : Find L.C.M. of 2 and 3.
Solution : Multiples of 2 are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,12, 14, 16, 18, ...
Multiples of 3 are 3, 6 , 9, 12, 15,18, ...
Common multiples of 2 and 3 are 6, 12, 18, ...
The least common multiple of 2 and 3 is 6.
Ø L.C.M. by prime factorisation method :
To find LCM of two or more given numbers by prime factorisation method follow the given steps.
Steps :
i) Resolve each of the given numbers into its prime factors and express the factors obtained in
exponential form.
ii) Find the product of the highest powers of all the factors that occur in any of the given numbers.
iii) The product obtained in step (ii) is the required L.C.M.
Example : Find L.C.M. of 15, 24.
Solution : 15 = 3 × 5
24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
L.C.M. = 3 × 5 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 120
Ø L.C.M. by synthetic division method :
In order to find L.C.M. of two or more numbers by division method the steps given below are followed.
1) Write all the given numbers in a line separating them with a comma.
2) Find the number which divides at least two of the given numbers.
3) Divide the numbers which are divisible by the number chosen in step 2 and write the quotient
below each of them. Carry forward the numbers which are not divisible.
4) Repeat step 2 and step 3 until all the quotients are co-prime to each other.

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Mathematics VI Class - CBSE
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Example : Find L.C.M. of 30, 60, 90.

3 30, 60,90
2 10, 20,30
5 5,10,15
2 1, 2,3
31,1,3
1,1,1

∴ The L.C.M. of 30, 60, 90 is 3 × 2 × 5 × 2 × 3 = 180.

SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. Find all factors of 72.
Solution : 72 = 1 × 72
= 2 × 36 This shows that 72 is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36
= 3 × 24 and 72. It is not divisible by other natural numbers like 5, 7, 10, 11, etc.
= 4 × 18
= 6 × 12
=8×9
So, the factors of 72 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24 36 and 72.
2. Write all factors of each of the following numbers :
i) 24 ii) 64 iii) 144
Solution :i) The given number is 24. Clearly, 1 and 24 are its factors.
So, we list 1 and 24.
We find that if we divide 24 by 2, the quotient is 12 and the remainder is zero. Therefore,
24 is divisible by 2. So, we list 2 and 12.
When 24 is divided by 3, the quotient is 8 and the remainder is zero.
So, 24 is divisible by 3 and we list 3 and 8.
Now, we divide 24 by 4. Clearly, when we divide 24 by 4, we obtain 6 as the quotient
and the remainder as zero, So, 24 is also divisible by 4 and we list 4 and 6.
Clearly, 24 is not divisible by 5. The next number is 6, Which has alreadybeen listed as
a factor. So, we stop the procedure and list the factors of 24 as given below:
1 2 3 4
24 12 8 6

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VI Class - CBSE Mathematics
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ii) The given number is 64. Clearly, it is divisible by 1, 2, 4, 8, etc. So, its factors are as listed
below.
1 2 4 8
64 32 16 8
iii) The given number is 144, Clearly, 144 is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, etc.
So, factors of 144 are :
1 2 3 4 6 8 9 12
144 72 48 36 24 18 16 12
3. Write first five multiples of 17.
Solution : In order to obtain first five multiples of 17, we multiply it by 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively.
We have, 17 × 1 = 17
17 × 2 = 34
17 × 3 = 51
17 × 4 = 68
17 × 5 = 85
Hence, first five multiples of 17 are 17, 34 , 51 , 68 and 85 respectively.

EXERCISE
1. Write all factors of each of the following numbers :
i) 60 ii) 76 iii) 125 iv) 729
2. Write first five multiples of each of the following numbers :
i) 25 ii) 35 iii) 45 iv) 40
v) 5 vi) 8 vii) 9
3. Without actual division, show that :
i) 19 is a factor of 190019
ii) 17 is factor of 17017
iii) 23 is a factor of 2300023
Hint : i) 190019 = 190000 + 19 = 19 × 10000 + 19 × 1 = 19 (10000 + 1) = 19 × 10001
This shows 19 is a factor of 19 × 10001, So 19 is a factor of 1900019.
4. Find the common factors of :
i) 15 and 25 ii) 35 and 50 iii) 20 and 28
5. Find first two common multiples of 12 and 18.
6. A number is divisible by 24. By what other numbers will that number be divisible ?
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Mathematics VI Class - CBSE
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SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. List all the prime numbers between 1 and 10.
Solution : Prime numbers between 1and 10 are 2, 3, 5 and 7.
2. Express i) 36 ii) 80 as sum of two prime numbers.
Solution : i) 36 = 17 + 19 ii) 80 = 19 + 61.
3. Express i) 32 as a sum of two odd primes. ii) 35 as a sum of three odd primes.
Solution : i) 32 = 3 + 29 ii) 35 = 5 + 7 + 23
4. Which of the following numbers are prime numbers:
i) 179 ii) 117 iii) 139
Solution : i) Given number = 179.
We find that 179 is not completely divisible by any of the numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 13.
So, it is a prime number.
ii) Given number is 117.
We find that 117 is divisible by 13. So, it is not a prime number.
iii) Given number is 139.
We find that 139 is not completely divisible by any of the numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 13.
So it is a prime number.

EXERCISE
1. What are prime numbers ? List all primes between 1 and 30.
2. Tell whether each of the following number is prime or composite :
i) 39 ii) 47 iii) 57 iv) 69
v) 83 vi) 93 vii) 103
3. Express each of the following as a sum of two or more primes:
i) 13 ii) 130 iii) 180
4. Express each of the following numbers as the sum of two odd primes:
i) 36 ii) 42 iii) 84
5. Express each of the following numbers as a sum of three odd primes:
i) 31 ii) 49 iii)71
6. Express each of the following numbers as the sum of twin primes:
i) 36 ii) 84 iii) 120
7. Write down seperately the prime and composite numbers less than 20.
8. Give three pairs of prime numbers whose difference is 2.

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42 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.
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VI Class - CBSE Mathematics
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9. State true (T) or false (F):

i) The sum of primes cannot be a prime.
ii) The product of primes cannot be a prime.
iii) An even number is a composite.
iv) Two consecutive numbers cannot be both primes.
v) Odd numbres cannot be composite.
vi) Odd numbers cannot be written as sum of primes.
vii) A number and its successor are always co - primes.

SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. Test the divisibility of the following numbers by 2.
i) 8652 ii) 70981
Solution : We know that a number is divisible by 2, if its units’s digit is 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8.
i) The unit’s digit of 8652 is 2, so it is divisible by 2.
ii) The unit’s digit of 70981 is 1, so it is not divisible by 2.
2. Test the divisibility of the following numbers by 3:
i) 726 ii) 2856 iii) 41938
Solution : We know that a number is divisible by 3, if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.
i) Given number = 726.
Sum of its digits = 7 + 2 + 6 = 15, which is divisible by 3.
So, 726 is divisible by 3.
ii) Given number = 2856.
Sum of its digits = 2 + 8 + 5 + 6 = 21, which is divisible by 3.
Therefore, 2856 is divisible by 3.
iii) Given number = 41938.
Sum of its digits = 4 + 1 + 9 + 3 + 8 = 25, which is not divisible by 3,
Therefore, 41938 is not divisible by 3.
3. Test the divisibility of the following numbers by 5:
i) 2070 ii) 68257
Solution : We know that a number is divisible by 5, if its unit’s digit is either 0 or 5.
i) Given number = 2070. Its unit’s digit = 0.
So,it is divisible by 5.
ii) Given number = 68257. Its unit’s digit is neither 0 nor 5.
So, it is not divisible by 5.

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Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd. 43
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Mathematics VI Class - CBSE
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4. Test the divisibility of the following numbers by 6:

i) 639210 ii) 83512
Solution : We know that a number is divisible by 6, then it is divisible by 2 and 3 both
i) Given number = 639210.
Its unit’s digit is 0. So, it is divisible by 2.
Sum of its digits = 6 + 3 + 9 + 2 + 1 + 0 = 21, which is divisible by 3.
Therefore, 639210 is divisible by 3.
Hence, 639210 is divisible by 6.
ii) Given number = 83512.
Its unit’s digit is 2. So, it is divisible by 2.
Sum of its digits = 8 + 3 + 5 + 1 + 2 = 19, which is not divisible by 3.
So, 83512 is not divisible by 6.
5. Test the divisibility of the following numbers by 4:
i) 4896 ii) 82159
Solution : We know that a number is divisible by 4, if the number formed by its digits in ten’s and
units’s places is divisible by 4.
i) Given number = 4896.
The number formed by ten’s and units’s digits is 96, which is divisible by 4.
Therefore, 4896 is divisible by 4.
ii) Given number = 82159.
The number formed by ten’s and unit’s digits is 59, which is not divisible by 4.
Therefore, 82159 is not divisible by 4.
6. Test the divisibility of the following numbers by 8:
i) 345096 ii) 215284
Solution : We know that a number is divisible by 8, if the number formed by its digits in hundred’s,
ten’s and unit’s places is divisible by 8.
i) Given number = 345096.
The number formed by hundred’s, ten’s and unit’s digits is 096, which is divisible by 8.
Therefore, 345096 is divisible by 8.
ii) Given number = 215284.
The number formed by hundred’s, ten’s and unit’s digits is 284, which is not divisible by
8. Therefore, the given number is not divisible by 8.
7. Test the divisibility of the following numbers by 9:
i) 83745 ii) 123644
Solution : We know that a number is divisible by 9, if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.
i) Given number = 83745.
Sum of its digits = 8 + 3 + 7 + 4 +5 = 27, which is divisible by 9.
So, the given number is divisible by 9.
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44 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.
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VI Class - CBSE Mathematics
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ii) Given number = 123644.
Sum of its digits = 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 + 4 + 4 = 20. which is not divisible by 9.
So, the given number is not divisible by 9.
8. Test the divisibility of the following numbers by 11:
i) 9020814 ii) 3178965
Solution : We know that a number is divisible by 11, if the difference of the sum of its digits in odd
places and the sum of its digits in even places is either 0 (or) a multiple of 11.
i) Given number = 9020814.
Sum of its digits in odd places = 9 + 2 + 8 + 4 = 23.
Sum of its digits in even places = 0 + 0 + 1 = 1.
Difference of these two sums = 23 – 1 = 22, which is divisible by 11.
Therefore 9020814 is divisible by 11.
ii) Given number = 3178965.
Sum of its digits in odd places = 3 + 7 + 9 + 5 = 24
Sum of its digits in even places = 1 + 8 + 6 = 15.
Difference of these two sums = 24 – 15 = 9, which in not divisible by 11.
Therefore, 3178965 is not divisible by 11.

EXERCISE
1. Test the divisibility of the following numbers by 2:
i) 6520 ii) 984325 iii) 367314
2. Test the divisibility of the following numbers by 3 :
i) 1035 ii) 42976 iii) 8039451
3. A) Using divisibility tests, determine which of the following numbers are divisible by 4; by 8:
i) 572 ii) 726352 iii) 5500 iv) 6000
B) Test the divisibility of the following numbers by 4 :
i) 5836 ii) 9862 iii) 19870852
4. Test the divisibility of the following numbers by 5 :
i) 9075 ii) 183692 iii) 235760
5. Using divisibility tests, determine which of following numbers are divisible by 6:
i) 297144 ii) 1258 iii) 4335 iv) 61233
v) 8 vi) 24 vii) 84
6. Test the divisibility of the following numbers by 9 :
i) 187245 ii) 3478 iii) 5472118
7. Using divisibility tests, determine which of the following numbers are divisible by 11:
i) 5445 ii) 70169308 iii) 5335 iv)70169803
v) 10000001
8. In each of the following numbers, replace * by the smallest number to make it divisible by 3:
i) 75 * 5 ii) 35 * 64 iii) 18 * 71
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Mathematics VI Class - CBSE
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9. In each of the following numbers, replace * by the smallest number to make it divisible by 9:
i) 67 * 19 ii) 66784 * iii) 538 * 8
10. In each of the following numbers, replace * by the smallest number to make it divisible by 11.
i) 86 * 72 ii) 467 * 91 iii) 9 * 8071
11. Give an example of a number which is divisible by
i) 2 but not by 4. ii) 3 but not by 6.
iii) 4 but not by 8. iv) Both 4 and 8 but not by 32.

SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. Find the prime factors of
i) 64 ii) 2520
Solution :

i) 2 64 ii) 2 2 5 2 0
2 32 2 1260
2 16 2 630
2 8 3 315
2 4 3 105
2 2 5 35
1 7 7
1

∴ 2520 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7.
64 = 2 × 32 = 2 × 2 × 16 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 8
=2×2×2×2×4=2×2×2×2×2×2
The working is usually set out in the shortened
form as shown:
∴ 64 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
The process stops when factor number divides by 1.
2. Factorize 234 into prime factors.
Solution : We use the division method as shown below :

2 234 234
117
3 117
39
3 39
13 2 × 3 × 3 × 13

∴ 234 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 13
The above process can also be depicted as follows:
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46 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.
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VI Class - CBSE Mathematics
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3. Write the smallest 5 – digit number and express it as a product of primes.

Solution : The smallest 5 – digit number is 10000. To express it as a product of primes, we use the
division method as shown below:

2 10000
2 5000
2 2500
2 1250
5 625
5 125
5 25
5

The above process can also be depicted as follows:

10000
5000
2500
1250
625
125
25

2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × ×
5 5

∴ 10000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
4. Determine prime factorization of 9000.
Solution : We use the division method as shown under:

2 9000
2 4500
2 2250
3 1125
3 375
5 125
5 25
5

∴ 9000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5

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Mathematics VI Class - CBSE
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EXERCISE
1. In which of the following expressions, prime factorization has been done?
i) 24 = 2 × 3 × 4 ii) 56 = 1 × 7 × 2 × 2 × 2
iii) 70 = 2 × 5 × 7 iv) 54 = 2 × 3 × 9
2. Determine factorization of each of the following numbers :
i) 216 ii) 420 iii) 468 iv) 945
v) 7325 vi) 13915
3. Write the smallest 4 - digit number and express it as a product of primes.
4. Write the largest 4- digit number and give its prime factorization.
5. Find the prime factors of each of the following numbers :
i) 40 ii) 42 iii) 45 iv) 52
v) 390 vi) 1540 vii) 385 viii) 1260
ix) 1024 x) 8790 xi) 9000 xii) 20570

SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. Find the H. C. F. of 144 and 192 by prime factorization method.
Solution : We first write the prime factorization of each of the given numbers as given below.

2 192
2 144 2 96
2 72 2 48
2 36 2 24
2 18 2 12
3 9 2 6
3 3 3
1

∴ 144 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
and 192 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
We observe that common prime factors are 2 and 3. In these prime factorizations the minimum number
of times the prime factor 2 occurs is four; this happens for 144. Similarly, the minimum number of times
the prime factor 3 occurs is one ; this happens for 192.
∴ H. C.F. = (2 × 2 × 2 × 2) × 3 = 48.

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48 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.
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VI Class - CBSE Mathematics
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2. Find the H.C.F. of 72, 120 and 192.
Solution :
2 72 2 120 2 192
2 96
2 36 2 60
2 48
2 18 2 30 2 24
2 12
3 9 3 15
2 6
3 3 5 5 3 3
1 1 1

Thus 72 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
120 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5
192 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
The common factors are 2, 2, 2 and 3.
∴ H.C.F. = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 8 × 3 = 24.
3. Find the H.C.F. of 101, 573 and 1079.
Solution : 101 = 101 × 1 3 573
∴ 573 = 3 × 191 191
1079 = 1079 × 1
As there is no common factor, so HCF = 1
Remark : Recall that two numbers having no common factor other than 1 are called co – primes.
4. Find the largest number that will divide 398, 436 and 542 leaving remainders 7, 11 and 15
respectively.
Solution : 398 – 7 = 391, 436 – 11 = 425, 542 – 15 = 527
∴ Number exactly divisible are 371, 425 and 527.

391 425 1 H.C.F of 391 and 425 = 17

-391 Now we find the H. C. F. of 17 and 527
34 391 11
17 527 31
-34 -51
51 17
-34 -17
17 34 2 0
-34
0
∴ H. C. F. of 391, 425 and 527 = 17 and H. C. F. of 17 and 527 = 17
∴ The required largest number = 17.
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Mathematics VI Class - CBSE
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EXERCISE
1. Find the H.C.F. of the following numbers :
i) 18, 48 ii) 30, 42 iii) 18, 60 iv) 27, 63 v) 36, 84
2. Find the H.C.F. of the following numbers using prime factorization method:
i) 144, 198 ii) 81, 117 iii) 84, 98 iv) 225, 450
v) 170, 238 vi) 504, 980 vii) 150, 140, 210 viii) 84, 120, 138
ix) 106, 159, 265
3. What is the H. C. F. of two consecutive
i) numbers ii) even numbers iii) odd numbers
4. Find the largest number which is a factor of each of the numbers 504, 792, 1080.
5. Find a rod of the greatest length which can measure exactly 42 m, 49 m, 63 m. Find also the number of
rods of equal length contained in each length.
6. Find the largest number which divides 220, 313 and 716 leaving remainders 3 in each case.
7. Find the largest number that will divide 623, 729 and 841 leaving remainders 3, 9 and 1 respectively.
8. Show that the following pairs are co - prime:
i) 59, 97 ii) 857, 1859 iii) 288, 1375
9. Write true (T) or (F) for each of the following statements :
i) The H. C. F. of two distinct prime numbers is 1.
ii) The H. C. F. of two co - prime numbers is 1
iii) The H. C. F. of an even and an odd numbers is 1.
iv) The H. C. F. of two consecutive even numbers is 2.
v) The H. C. F. of two consecutive odd numbers is 2.
10 Two brands of chocolates are available in packs of 24 and 15 respectively. If I need to buy an equal
number of chocolates of both kinds, what is the least number of boxes of each kind I would need to
buy?

SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. Find the L.C.M. of 8, 12 and 18, by prime factorisation method
Solution : 8 = 2 × 2 × 2 2 appear three times maximum
12 = 2 × 2 × 3
18 = 2 × 3 × 3 3 appear two times maximum
∴ Required L.C.M. is = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 72.

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VI Class - CBSE Mathematics
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2. Find the L.C.M. of 18, 24, 36, 45 by division method.
Solution :
2 18, 24, 36, 45
2 9, 12, 18, 45
3 9, 6, 9, 45
3 3, 2, 3, 15
1, 2, 1 5

The L.C.M. is the product of the successive divisors and the final quotients.
∴ L.C.M. = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 2 × 5 = 360.
Note :1) The divisors in all the lines should be prime numbers.
2) The process of division is continued till the line of quotients consists only of the numbers
prime to each other.
3. Determine the L.C.M. of 624 and 936 by division method.
Solution : We have,

2 624, 936
2 312, 468
2 156, 234
3 78, 117
13 26, 39
2, 3
∴ L.C.M. of given numbers = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 13 × 2 × 3 = 1872
4. The students in a class can be divided into groups of 2, 3, 5 and 6. What is the least number of
children this class can have ?
Solution : The least number of children in the class is the L. C. M. of 2, 3, 5, 6. To find their L. C. M.,
we proceed as under:

2 2, 3, 5, 6
3 1, 3, 5, 3
1, 1, 5, 1
∴ L. C. M. = 2 × 3 × 5 = 30
Hence, the least number of children in the class is 30.
Special case (an Important Result): If a and b are two whole numbers such that q is the quotient and
r is the remainder when a is divided by b , then
i) the least number that should be substracted from ‘a’ so that ‘b’ divides the difference
exactly = r.
ii) the least number that should be added to ‘a’ so that ‘b’ divides the sum exactly = b – r.
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Mathematics VI Class - CBSE
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5. Find the greatest number of 6 digits exactly divisible by 24, 15 and 36.
Solution : The number exactly divisible by 24, 15 and 36 must be their L. C. M. So, we first compute
the L.C.M .of 24, 15 and 36 as under:

2777
360 999999
3 24, 15, 36 720
2 8, 5, 12 2799
2520
2 4, 5, 6
2799
2, 5, 3 2520
2799
2520
279

∴ L. C. M. = 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 3 = 360
Now, greatest number of 6 digits = 999999.
We find that when 999999 is divided by 360, the remainder is 279.
∴ Greatest number of six digits which is exactly divisible by 360 is 999999 – 279 = 999720.

EXERCISE
1. Find the L.C.M. of the following numbers :
i) 9 and 4 ii) 12 and 5 iii) 6 and 5 iv) 15 and 4
Observe a common property in the obtained L.C.M.s. Is L.C.M. the product of two numbers in each
case?
2. Determine the L.C.M of the numbers given below :
i) 48,60 ii) 42,63 iii) 18,17 iv) 15,30,90
v) 56, 65, 85 vi) 180, 384, 144 vii) 28, 36, 45, 60
3. i) Find the least number which is exactly divisible by 16, 24 and 36.
ii) Find the least number which is exactly divisible by 14, 21, 24, 30 and 42.
4. What is the smallest number which when divided by 24, 36 and 54 gives a remainder of 5 in each time?
5. In a school there are two sections, section A and section B of class VI. There are 32 students in section
A and 36 in section B. Determine the minimum number of books required for their class library so that
they can be distributed equally among students of section A (or) of section B.
6. What is the smallest number that, when divided by 35, 56 and 91 leaves remainders of 7 in each case?
7. Find the smallest number which leaves remainders 8 and 12 when divided by 28 and 32 respectively.
8. In a morning walk three persons step off together. Their steps measure 80 cm, 85 cm and 90 cm
respectively. What is the minimum distance each should walk so that he can cover the distance in complete
steps ?

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52 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.
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VI Class - CBSE Mathematics
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Among the following numbers, a perfect number is [ ]
a) 4 b) 12 c) 8 d) 6
2. Twin primes are the numbers that the difference between two prime numbers is [ ]
a) 2 b) 1 c) 0 d) 5
3. The method of finding prime numbers from 1 to 100 was given by [ ]
a) Pythagoras b) Srinivasa Ramanujan c) Eratosthenes d) Aryabhatta
4. Among the following numbers, a prime number is [ ]
a) 117 b) 139 c) 243 d) 1012
5. The number of prime numbers from 1 to 100 is [ ]
a) 20 b) 25 c) 28 d)30
6. Among the following numbers, the number divisible by 11 is [ ]
a) 61809 b) 769368 c) 806149 d) 12033
7. The total number of even prime numbers is [ ]
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) infinite
8. The least value should be given to * so that the number 6342*1 is divisible by 3 is [ ]
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
9. The sum of the prime numbers from1 to 10 is [ ]
a) 18 b) 26 c) 17 d) 15
10. If a number is divisible by both 5 and 8, then among the following, the other number that will be always
divisible by [ ]
a) 13 b) 3 c) 40 d) 24
11. The L.C.M. of 24 , 36 and 40 is [ ]
a) 120 b) 240 c) 360 d) 480
12. The smallest composite number is [ ]
a) 1 b) 0 c) 2 d) 4
13. The H.C.F. of two consecutive natural numbers is [ ]
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) non- existant
14. The H.C.F. of two consecutive even numbers is [ ]
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) non- existant
15. The H.C.F. of two consecutive odd numbers is [ ]
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) non- existant
16. The H.C.F. of an even number and its consecutive number is [ ]
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) non- existant
17. The least prime is [ ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

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Mathematics VI Class - CBSE
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18. The number of primes between 90 and 100 is [ ]

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
19. If x and y are two co - primes then their L.C.M is [ ]
x
a) xy b) x + y c) d) 1
y
20. The least value that should be given to * so that the number 653*47 is divisible by 11 [ ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 6 d) 9
21. The number divisible by 2 is [ ]
a) 45 b) 770 c) 6075 d) 897
22. The number divisible by 4 is [ ]
a) 65126 b) 1230458 c) 6202024 d) 86749
23. The number divisible by 3 is [ ]
a) 4343 b) 4335 c) 1234 d) 4444
24. The number divisible by 9 is [ ]
a) 4626 b) 26450 c) 4531 d) 4789
25. The number divisible by 8 is [ ]
a) 561102 b) 2212120 c) 221002 d) 55555
26. The number divisible by 7 is [ ]
a) 666666 b) 7777 c) 474747 d) All of these
27. Among the following numbers, the number divisible by 6 is [ ]
a) 7908434 b) 68719402 c) 45982014 d) 98741032
28. Among the following numbers, the number divisible by 5 is [ ]
a) 7908432 b) 68719405 c) 45982014 d) 98741033
29. Among the following numbers, the number divisible by 11 is [ ]
a) 1111111 b) 22222222 c) 3333333 d) 4444444
30. If three numbers are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 and their H.C.F. is 6, then the numbers are [ ]
a) 4, 8, 12 b) 5, 10, 15 c) 6, 12, 18 d) 10, 20, 30

KEY
1) d 2) a 3) c 4) b 5) b 6) a 7) b 8) c
9) c 10) c 11) c 12) d 13) b 14) c 15) b 16) b
17) b 18) b 19) a 20) a 21) b 22) c 23) b 24) a
25) b 26) d 27) c 28) b 29) b 30) c

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54 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.
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VI Class - CBSE Mathematics
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COMPETITION CORNER FOR OLYMPIADS

I. Straight objective type questions :
1. _____ is neither prime nor composite [ ]
a) 2 b) 5 c) 1 d) 3
2. _____ of a number is an exact divisor of that number. [ ]
a) Prime b) Multiple c) Composite d) Factor
3. Numbers which are not multiples of 2 are called [ ]
a) Odd b) Even c) Prime d) Perfect numbers
4. Number having more than two factors are called [ ]
a) Prime b) Composite c) Even d) Odd
5. The value that should be given to bso that the number 92 b389 is divisible by 11 ___ [ ]
a) 5 b) 7 c) 8 d) 1
6. The smallest number having 4 different prime factors is ____ [ ]
a) 210 b) 300 c) 150 d) 120
7. The difference between smallest 3 digit number and the smallest natural number is [ ]
a) 100 b) 98 c) 99 d) 101
8. Number of twin primes from 1 to 100 is ____ [ ]
a) 10 b) 9 c) 25 d) 3
9. H.C.F × L.C.M = [ ]
a) Sum of given numbers b) Difference of given numbers
c) Division of given numbers d) Product of given numbers
10. Among the following the perfect number is [ ]
a) 12 b) 24 c) 28 d) 18
II. One or more than one correct answer type questions :
11. The number divisible by 7 is [ ]
a) 666666 b) 7777 c) 474747 d) 55555
12. Among the following numbers, the number divisible by 6 is [ ]
a) 7908432 b) 68719402 c) 45982014 d) 98241032
13. 429714 is divisible by [ ]
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 6
14. Among the following, the twin primes are
a) (2, 3) b) (3, 5) c) (5, 6) d) (11, 13)
15. The true statements among the following are [ ]
a) 2 is the smallest even number b) 1 is neither prime nor composite
c) 3 is the first composite number d) 2 is one and only even prime number

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Mathematics VI Class - CBSE
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III. Statement type questions :

16. Statement (A) : Smallest even prime is 2. [ ]
Statement (B) : Except 2 all prime numbers are odd.
a) Both A and B are true b) Both A and B are false
c) A is true, B is false d) A is false, B is true
17. Statement (A) : A number with 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 at the units place is an even number. [ ]
Statement (B) : Numbers which are multiples of 2 are called odd numbers.
a) Both A and B are true b) Both A and B are false
c) A is true, B is false d) A is false, B is true
18. Statement (A) : 12 and 14 are co-prime numbers. [ ]
Statement (B) : Two numbers are said to be co-prime if they do not have a common factor other than 1.
a) Both A and B are true b) Both A and B are false
c) A is true, B is false d) A is false, B is true
19. Statement (A) : Any two prime numbers are always co-primes. [ ]
Statement (B) : Two Co-primes need not be both prime numbers.
a) Both A and B are true b) Both A and B are false
c) A is true, B is false d) A is false, B is true
20. Statement (A) : 1423 is divisible by 3. [ ]
Statement (B) : A number is divisible by 3, if its unit’s digit is either 3 (or) 9.
a) Both A and B are true b) Both A and B are false
c) A is true, B is false d) A is false, B is true
IV. Assertion and reason type questions.
21. Assertion (A) : 28 is a perfect number. [ ]
Reason (R) : A number is a perfect number if the sum of its all factors is equal to twice the number.
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true and R is not a correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
22. Assertion (A) : (19, 21) are twin primes. [ ]
Reason (R) : Two prime numbers whose difference is 2 are called twin primes.
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true and R is not a correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
23. Assertion (A) :173 is a prime number. [ ]
Reason (R) : A number having factors 1 and the number itself is called prime number.
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true and R is not a correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true

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56 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.
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VI Class - CBSE Mathematics
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24. Assertion (A) : 1675248 is divisible by 8. [ ]

Reason (R) : A number is divisible by 8, if the numbers is formed by its digits in tens and units places is
divisible by 8.
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true and R is not a correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false d) A is false but R is true
IV. Matrix Matching type questions :
Column – I Column – II
25. Number divisible by 2 is a) 639210 25 a b c d e f
26. Number divisible by 3 is b) 406809 26 a b c d e f
27. Number divisible by 4 is c) 20275 27 a b c d e f
28. Number divisible by 5 is d) 429714 28 a b c d e f
29. Number divisible by 9 is e) 990990
29 a b c d e f
30. Number divisible by 11 is f) 128256
30 a b c d e f

KEY
1) c 2) d 3) a 4) a 5) c 6) a 7) c 8) d

9) d 10) c 11) a,b,c 12) a,c 13) a,b,d 14) b, d 15) a,b,d 16) a

17) c 18) d 19) a 20) b 21) a 22) c 23) d 24) d

25) a,d,e,f 26) a,b,d,e,f 27) f 28) a,c,e 29) b,d,e 30) a,e

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