COMPREHENSIVE TRAINING FOR DPWH
FIELD ENGINEERS 2022
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL
AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
RAY ANDREW K. MOLANO
ENGINEER IV
OIC-PLANNING AND DESIGN DIVISION
DPWH REGIONAL OFFICE NO. IV-A
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL PROVISIONS
CATEGORIES OF STRUCTURES
DATA REQUIREMENTS
HYDROLOGY
HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS
DESIGN CRITERIA AND STANDARDS
DESIGN REVISION
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 2
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURE?
are MEASURES taken
to REDUCE the DAMAGING EFFECTS
of FLOOD WATERS
have on HUMAN LIVES
and PROPERTY DAMAGE
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 3
GENERAL PROVISIONS
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 4
GENERAL PROVISIONS
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 5
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
DIKES/EMBANKMENT/LEVEES
An embankment constructed along the banks of a stream,
river, lake or other bodies of water for purpose of:
• confining the stream to flow to its regular channel
• to hold the stream preventing the inland from flooding
• and/or to widen the natural stream of bodies of water.
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 6
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
SPUR DIKES
A spur dike is a river structure that serves as the flow
roughness to reduce the river flow around the riverbank
and redirect flow away from the bank. It is an indirect
countermeasure against riverbank collapse. It also induce
deposition of sediments at the front of the bank. In the
United States, spur dikes are called groynes.
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 7
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
SPUR DIKES
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FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
REVETMENTS
A revetment is direct countermeasure to protect the
riverbank from collapse brought by erosion, scouring and
riverbed degradation.
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 9
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
GROUNDSILLS / CHECKDAMS
A groundsill is a drop structure located within a channel
that prevent head cutting from discharge flows and
maintain consistent streambed profile within vicinity of a
culvert
It also reduce the riverbed gradient thus reducing the river
flow velocity further degradation.
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 10
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
SMALL DAMS
Small dams are dams that are:
• Less than 15m in height
• Constructed for the following purposes:
• flood control and flood mitigation
• creation of freshwater storage for the
provision of clean water
• generation of power through hydro-
electric schemes
• creation of recreation areas
SABO is a Japanese word of origin
which means:
“SA” = sediment and “BO” = prevention.
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FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
SLUICEWAYS
A sluiceway or conduits for Embankments/Dikes
• incorporates a culvert passing through the dike and
an associated control structure such as a gate
Categorized into two types according to its purpose
• To drain the inland water into the river,
• To draw the water from the river for irrigation use or
some other purposes.
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FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
OVERTOPPING EMBANKMENTS
An overtopping embankment includes
• Dikes that overtop during flooding
• Lower-level road embankments or bridge approaches
that overtop
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 13
DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
OPEN DRAINS & CHANNELS
There are three (3) key types of channels
• Channels with rigid linings
• Channels with flexible linings
• Composite Channels
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 14
DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
OPEN DRAINS & CHANNELS
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 15
DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
OPEN DRAINS & CHANNELS
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 16
DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
OPEN DRAINS & CHANNELS
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 17
DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
CLOSED CONDUIT NETWORK (PIPE NETWORK)
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 18
DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
CULVERTS
A relatively short length of pipe or closed conduit used to
convey stormwater through an embankment or road,
connected at each end to an open channel
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 19
DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
INLET MANHOLES MANHOLES AND ACCESS CHAMBERS
used to provide access to the drainage system for
inspection and maintenance
Inlet pits can also serve as access points and should be
used in lieu of access chambers where possible as they
provide the additional benefit of stormwater interception at
a minimal additional cost
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 20
DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
DETENTION BASINS
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DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
OVERLAND FLOWPATHS PUMPING STATIONS
• designed to carry flow in excess of the piped • Pumping stations allow for the removal of
capacity stormwater from pipe systems that cannot be
drained through gravity.
• where possible, overland flowpaths should not
be contained within private properties
• if this is unavoidable, a drainage easement
should be obtained to contain the overland
flow path, in order to allow maintenance
teams to undertake any required control
works
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 22
CATEGORIES OF FLOOD CONTROL & DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
INCREASE RIVER DISCHARGE CAPACITY
1. Dike/Levee
2. Widening of waterway river
3. Dredging and/or excavation
4. Combination of above
PROTECT FLOOD PRONE AREAS FROM OVERFLOW
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 23
CATEGORIES OF FLOOD CONTROL & DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
REDUCE AND/OR CONTROL PEAK DISCHARGE OF FLOOD
*Hydrograph of Reduction of Peak Discharge
1. Dams/Retarding Basin
2. Creation of Cut-off Channels
Dam Crest
EL 295 m
Surcharge WL
E.L 290 m
Normal High WL
E.L 280Flood
m Control Capacity
140 Mm3
the peak discharge can be reduced
and its time of occurrence be delayed
Effective Capacity
527 Mm3
Low WL
E.L. 225 m
Dead Capacity
309 Mm3
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 24
CATEGORIES OF FLOOD CONTROL & DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
REDUCE AND/OR CONTROL PEAK DISCHARGE OF FLOOD
IMUS RIVER RETARDING BASIN
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 25
CATEGORIES OF FLOOD CONTROL & DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
PREVENT INLAND FLOODING
1. Lateral Improvement (storm drain,
drainage main, ditches, open canals, etc.)
2. Tributary Improvement (tributaries of main
river)
3. Pumping Station
PREVENT OBSTRUCTION AGAINST RIVER FLOW AND/OR
MAINTAIN/CONSERVE THE GOOD CONDITION OF RIVER
1. SABO Works
2. Regular Maintenance (Channel
Excavation/Dredging)
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 26
CATEGORIES OF FLOOD CONTROL & DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
PREVENT RIVERBANK COLLAPSE AND HARMFUL DEGRADATION OF RIVERBED
1. Revetment
2. Spur Dike
3. Change of Waterway / Cutoff Channel
4. Ground Sill (to prevent riverbed
degradation)
Revetment Spur Dike
Groundsill
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 27
CATEGORIES OF FLOOD CONTROL & DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
RETARDING BASINS
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 28
CATEGORIES OF FLOOD CONTROL & DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
RETARDING BASINS
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 29
CATEGORIES OF FLOOD CONTROL & DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
RETARDING BASINS
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 30
DATA REQUIREMENTS
FIELD SURVEY
• TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY
• HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
OTHER DATA
• RAINFALL DATA
• RIVER OR CHANNEL GAUGE DATA
• TIDAL DATA
• WIND SPEED DATA
• LAND-USE MAPPING
• SAFETY AND ACCESS
• RIGHT OF WAY
• SOIL INVESTIGATION
• RIVERBED MATERIAL
• ONE-DIMENSIONAL
SAMPLING METHOD
• TWO-DIMENSIONAL
SAMPLING METHOD
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 31
DATA REQUIREMENTS
FIELD SURVEY:
TOPOGRAPHIC
SURVEY
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 32
DATA REQUIREMENTS
FIELD SURVEY:
HYDROGRAPHIC
SURVEY
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 33
DATA REQUIREMENTS
FIELD SURVEY:
HYDROGRAPHIC
SURVEY
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 34
DATA REQUIREMENTS
FIELD SURVEY: HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 35
DATA REQUIREMENTS
OTHER DATA: RAINFALL DATA
RAINFALL INTENSITY-DURATION-FREQUENCY (RIDF) CURVE DATA
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 36
DATA REQUIREMENTS
OTHER DATA: RIVER OR CHANNEL GAUGE DATA
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 37
DATA REQUIREMENTS
OTHER DATA: TIDAL DATA
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 38
DATA REQUIREMENTS
OTHER DATA:
• LAND-USE MAPPING • SAFETY AND ACCESS / RIGHT OF WAY
• RIGHT OF WAY
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 39
DATA REQUIREMENTS
OTHER DATA: SOIL INVESTIGATION
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 40
DATA REQUIREMENTS
OTHER DATA: RIVERBED MATERIAL
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 41
DATA REQUIREMENTS
OTHER DATA: RIVERBED MATERIAL OTHER DATA: RIVERBED MATERIAL
• ONE-DIMENSIONAL SAMPLING METHOD • TWO-DIMENSIONAL SAMPLING METHOD
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 42
HYDROLOGY
CATCHMENT DELINEATION
• NAMRIA MAP Basic Consideration for Catchment
• TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY Delineation:
• AERIAL SURVEY
• URBAN DRAINAGE LAYOUT
Every stream has a well-defined area of
RUNOFF ANALYSIS land which intercepts the rainfall prior to
• RATIONAL FORMULA its transport to streams
• UNIT HYDROGRAPH METHOD All rainwater which lands within the
• STORAGE FUNCTION METHOD drainage basin makes its way to the
• FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS stream while all rain landing outside the
• SPECIFIC DISCHARGE METHOD drainage basin makes its way away from
the stream and into some other stream
or sea
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 43
HYDROLOGY
RUNOFF ANALYSIS
• RATIONAL FORMULA
• UNIT HYDROGRAPH METHOD
• STORAGE FUNCTION METHOD
• FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
• SPECIFIC DISCHARGE METHOD
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 44
HYDROLOGY
RUNOFF ANALYSIS: RATIONAL FORMULA
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 45
HYDROLOGY
RUNOFF ANALYSIS: UNIT HYDROGRAPH METHOD
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 46
HYDROLOGY
RUNOFF ANALYSIS: STORAGE FUNCTION METHOD
RUNOFF ANALYSIS: FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 47
HYDROLOGY
RUNOFF ANALYSIS: SPECIFIC DISCHARGE METHOD
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 48
HYDROLOGY
RUNOFF ANALYSIS: COMPUTER MODELLING
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 49
WHAT IS A RETURN PERIOD?
20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 50
HYDROLOGY
RUNOFF ANALYSIS: RETURN PERIOD
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 51
HYDROLOGY
RUNOFF ANALYSIS: RETURN PERIOD
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 52
HYDRAULICS
CHANNEL FLOWS
• NATURAL CHANNEL FLOW
• RIVER GEOMORPHOLOGY
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 53
HYDRAULICS
CHANNEL FLOWS
• OPEN CHANNEL FLOW
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 54
HYDRAULICS
CHANNEL FLOWS
• OPEN CHANNEL FLOW
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 55
HYDRAULICS
CHANNEL FLOWS
• OPEN CHANNEL FLOW
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 56
HYDRAULICS
CHANNEL FLOWS
• CLOSED CONDUIT FLOW
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 57
HYDRAULICS
COMPUTER MODELLING
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 58
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
DIKE/EMBANKMENT/LEVEE
RIVER SIDE LAND SIDE
Shoulder Dike Crest
Shoulder
Freeboard
DFL
Sl
op
Dike Height
e
op
e
Sl
Ground Level
Toe of Dike Slope Base of Dike Toe of Dike Slope
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 59
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
DIKE/EMBANKMENT/LEVEE
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 60
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
DIKE/EMBANKMENT/LEVEE
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 61
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
DIKE/EMBANKMENT/LEVEE
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 62
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
SPURDIKES
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 63
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
SPURDIKES
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 64
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
SPURDIKES
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 65
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
SPURDIKES
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 66
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
SPURDIKES
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 67
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
REVETMENTS
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 68
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
REVETMENTS
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 69
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
REVETMENTS
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 70
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
REVETMENTS
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 71
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
REVETMENTS
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 72
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
REVETMENTS
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 73
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
GROUNDSILLS
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 74
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
GROUNDSILLS
Bed protection (upstream) Designed Riverbed
W.S.
2 meters
Existing Riverbed
(Max.)
Apron
Cut-off wall, to prevent piping
Bed protection, Bed protection,
soft type like gabion hard type, like concrete
Flood channel protection
Top of Slope
Fishway
Approach wall
Revetment
Flood channel
Upstream bed
Apron
protection
Main Structure
Foot protection
Cut off - wall
Bed protection B Bed protection B
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 75
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
GROUNDSILLS
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 76
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
GROUNDSILLS
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 77
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
SLUICEWAY/FLOODGATE
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 78
FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURES
OVERTOPPING EMBANKMENT
Design analyses include hydraulic analyses,
uplift pressures and slope stability. A radius
of 3.30 m is recommended for slope stability.
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 79
THANK YOU
RAY ANDREW K. MOLANO
molanorak@[Link]
DESIGN OF FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 81
