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Tax Practices

© Emile Woolf International i The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan

Tax Practices

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© Emile Woolf International ii The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan

 Certificate in Accounting and Finance

C
Tax Practices

Contents
Page
Index to Questions and Answers v
Questions
Section A Objective test and long-form questions 1
Answers
Section B Objective test and long-form answers 63

© Emile Woolf International iii The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan

Tax Practices

© Emile Woolf International iv The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan

 Certificate in Accounting and Finance

I
Tax Practices

Index to Questions and Answers

Question Answer
page page
Chapter 1: System of taxation in Pakistan
1 Direct and Indirect Taxation 1 63
Revenue and Non-Revenue Objectives of
2 1 64
Taxation
3 Tax Structure 1 64
Major Characteristics of Effective Taxation
4 1 65
System
5 Strategies of Taxation Management 1 66
6 Tax Reliefs in Cross Border Transactions 1 66
7 Examples of Indirect Taxes 1 66
Chapter 2: Constitutional provision on taxation
Powers of the Federation to Legislate on
8 1 66
Taxes
Chapter 3: Ethics
9 Canons of Taxation 2 67
10 Ethics for Tax Practitioner 2 67
11 Principles of Levy of Taxes 2 68
12 Tax Implementing Authorities 2 68
13 Ethical Issues 2 69
14 Fundamental Principles of Ethics 2 69
Non-Revenue Objectives and Principles of a
15 2 69
Sound Tax
Chapter 4: Basic concepts of income tax law
16 Deductible Allowances 2 69
17 Public Company vs. Private Company 2 70

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Tax Practices

Question Answer
page page
18 Definitions/Concepts 2 70
19 Residential Status 2 71
20 Types of Tax Regimes 3 73
21 Jean Francois 3 74
22 FTR 3 74
23 Fair Market Value 3 75
24 Change in Tax Year 3 75
25 Objective of Tax Laws 3 75
26 Faster & Co. 3 75
27 A, B, C Limited 4 77
Chapter 5: Salary income
28 Mr. A 4 77
29 Mr. Mushtaq 5 78
30 Mr. Bashir Ahmed 5 78
31 Mr. Hayat 6 79
32 Mr. Ainuddin Khan 6 80
33 Mr. Mateen 6 81
34 Mr. Aslam 7 82
35 Mr. Akram 8 83
36 Mr. Akber 8 84
37 Saeed 8 85
38 Sajid 9 86
Chapter 6: Income from property
39 Mr. Asad 10 87
40 Mr. Akmal 10 87
41 Farrukh 10 88
42 Mr. Amjad 11 88
43 A, B, & C 11 89
Chapter 7: Income from business – 1
44 Sun & Moon Co. 12 89
45 Ideal Associates 12 90
46 Carrot Ltd 12 90
47 Entertainment Expenditure 13 91
48 Kamyab Enterprises (KE) 13 91
Chapter 8: Income from business – 2
49 Intangible Assets 14 93
50 Mr. Qateel 14 94

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 Index to Questions and Answers

Question Answer
page page
51 Salman Shahid 15 96
52 Miscellaneous 15 96
53 Shahid 16 97
Chapter 9: Capital gains
54 Mr.Shahbaz 17 98
55 Saleha 17 98
56 Vehicle and Sculptures 17 99
Chapter 10: Income from other sources
57 Multiple Individuals 18 99
58 Ms. Beena Sikandar 18 100
Chapter 11: Taxation of individuals
59 Mr. Ashraf 19 101
60 Mr. Musaddique Noor 19 102
61 Dr. A. A.Qureshi 20 103
62 Mr. Qais Mansoor 21 104
63 Mr. A. D. Chughtai 22 106
64 Mr. Hyder 22 107
65 Mr. Qamar 23 107
66 Mr. Zameer Ansari 23 108
67 Ms. Saima 24 109
68 Mr. Bilal 24 111
69 Mr. Faisal 24 111
70 Taqi Ahmed 25 111
71 Baber – Hi Fi Limited 25 113
72 Long Traders 26 114
73 Mr. Nauman 27 115
74 Ms. Ayesha 28 116
75 Basit 28 116
76 Mushtaq 29 118
77 Wajahat 30 119
Chapter 12: Taxation of association of persons (AOP)
78 AB Associates (AOP) 31 120
79 AB & Co. 32 122
80 Ms. Hameeda & Ms. Kashmala 33 123
81 T & H Enterprises 34 124
82 Mr. Sohail, Mr. Khaled and Mr. Qazi 35 125
83 Dawood and Dewan 35 126

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Question Answer
page page
84 Baqir, Asad and Rahil 36 126
85 Farhan and imran 36 127
86 M/S Farhan, Kamran and Rehan 37 127
87 Kamkaj & Co. 37 129
88 Aakash Kumar 38 130
Chapter 13: Foreign source income of resident person
89 Ms. Margaret 39 131
Chapter 14: Returns
90 Mr. Sami 39 133
91 Mr. Zahid 40 133
92 Foreign Income and Assets Statement 40 134
93 Mukhtar 40 134
94 Annual Income Tax Return 41 135
95 Riaasat Limited (RL) - I 41 135
Chapter 15: Assessment and audit
96 Chandi Enterprises 41 135
97 Plasma Pakistan (Pvt.) Limited (PPL) 42 136
98 Books of Accounts 42 136
99 Special Audit Panel 42 136
100 Concealed Asset 42 137
101 Sectoral Benchmark Ratios 42 137
102 Riaasat Limited (RL) - II 42 137
Chapter 16 – Appeal
103 Ms. Zubaida 42 137
Chapter 17 – Scope of sales tax
104 Ravi Limited 43 138
105 Registration 43 138
106 Manufacturers 43 139
107 Mr. Furqan 43 139
108 Manufacturer 44 140
109 Mr. Shoaib 44 140
110 Temporary Sale Tax Registration 44 141
111 Value of Supply 44 141
112 Shajee Limited (SL) 45 142
Chapter 18: Determination of sales tax liability
113 M/S ABC 45 143
114 M/S Safi Electronics 46 143

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 Index to Questions and Answers

Question Answer
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115 Zeta Pakistan Ltd 46 144
116 Mr. Kaleem 46 144
117 Zubair Enterprises Ltd (ZEL) 47 145
118 Sunglow Pakistan Limited 48 147
119 Leproc Associates 48 147
120 Barq Ro (Pakistan) Ltd (BRPL) 49 148
121 Mr. Yousha 49 149
122 Folad Ltd (FL) 49 149
123 Kamyab Engineering Limited (KEL) 50 150
124 Mr. Abdul Ghaffar 50 151
125 Olive Limited (OL) 51 152
126 Mr.Insaf 51 153
127 Mr.Rizwan 51 154
128 Zero Rating 52 155
129 Ms. Zainab 52 156
130 Samad Corporation (SC) 52 157
131 Maroof Engineering Limited (MEL) 53 157
132 Faiz Associates 54 158
133 Cyma Associates 55 160
134 Samaaj Associates 56 161
135 Mulaqat Associates 57 162
Recording of Partial Payment and Change in
136 58 163
Tax Rates
137 Destruction of Goods 58 163
138 MH Associates 58 163
139 Taha and Ahan 59 165
140 Mehrban Associates (MA) 59 166
141 Kazmi Traders (KT) 60 168
Chapter 19: Return recordkeeping
142 Sales Tax Records 61 169
143 Nature of Return 61 169
144 Raheel 61 169

© Emile Woolf International ix The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan

Tax Practices

© Emile Woolf International x The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan

 Certificate in Accounting and Finance

Q
Tax Practices

SECTION
Objective test and long-form questions
CHAPTER 1 – SYSTEM OF TAXATION IN PAKISTAN
1 DIRECT AND INDIRECT TAXATION
Briefly explain difference in direct and indirect taxes and different kind of such taxes prevailing in
Pakistan?
2 REVENUE AND NON-REVENUE OBJECTIVES OF TAXATION
What are the revenue and non-revenue objectives of taxation with reference to;
 Tax on salary / income from business
 Any amount transferred otherwise than banking channel will be deemed as income
 Tax on moveable assets of the taxpayers
 Higher taxes on import of luxury goods
 Allowability of expenditure of research & developments
 Zero rating on Exports
 Tax credit on Donations to approved institutions
 Tax credit on investments
 Tax exemptions to software exports
3 TAX STRUCTURES
What are the various tax structures and which structure(s) are prevailing in Pakistan?
4 MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE TAXATION SYSTEM
What are the major characteristics of effective taxation system?
5 STRATEGIES OF TAXATION MANAGEMENT
Explain the strategies of taxation management?
6 TAX RELIEFS IN CROSS BORDER TRANSACTIONS
Which major countries enjoy the free trade agreements and avoidance of double taxation in Pakistan?
7 EXAMPLES OF INDIRECT TAXES
Briefly explain any three indirect taxes applicable in Pakistan?

CHAPTER 2 – CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION ON TAXATION

8 POWERS OF THE FEDERATION TO LEGISLATE ON TAXES
List the taxes on which Federal Government is authorised to legislate under the Constitution of Pakistan
and taxes levied by using these provisions of constitution?

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Tax Practices

CHAPTER 3 – ETHICS
9 CANONS OF TAXATION
What are canons of taxation for legislators?
10 ETHICS FOR TAX PRACTIONER
What are the ethics for tax practitioner?
11 PRINCIPLES OF LEVY OF TAXES
Briefly discuss three broad principles for levy of taxes?
12 TAX IMPLEMENTING AUTHORITIES
List any seven responsibilities of tax administrators arising from best ethical practices?
13 ETHICAL ISSUES
State any six ethical issues which the administrators may face while discharging their duties?
14 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF ETHICS
List the fundamental principles of ethics for tax practitioners. Also describe any one of the principles.
15 NON-REVENUE OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES OF A SOUND TAX
(a) State any four non-revenue objectives which the government achieves by imposing taxation.
(b) Discuss any three principles of a sound tax system.

CHAPTER 4 – BASIC CONCEPTS OF INCOME TAX LAW

16 DEDUCTIBLE ALLOWANCES
What are various deductible allowances which are deducted to arrive at taxable income?
17 PUBLIC COMPANY VS. PRIVATE COMPANY
What is the difference between a public company and a private company within the meaning of the Income
Tax Ordinance, 2001?
18 DEFINITIONS/CONCEPTS
Explain the following as specified in the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001.
 Industrial Undertaking
 Fair Market Value
 Apportionment of deductions
 Receipt of Income
19 RESIDENTIAL STATUS
Determine the residential status in view of the provisions of Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and the stated
rules, of the following persons for the tax year ended June 30, 2023 under the given circumstances.
(i) Mr. Mubeen a citizen of Pakistan, came to Pakistan for the first time on a special assignment from
his company on April 01, 2023 and left the country on September 30, 2023.
(ii) Mr. Rana, who had never travelled abroad in his life, got a job in Canada. He went to Canada on
December 29, 2022 to assume his responsibilities as a CFO. In June, 2023 his company sent him to
India on a training workshop. On June 30, 2023 on his way back to Canada he had to stay in Karachi
for a whole day in transit.
(iii) Mr. Baber, a Federal Government employee was posted to the Pakistan mission in Geneva from July
01, 2022 to June 30, 2023.
(iv) Mr. Francis, a sugar dealer in Brazil, came to Pakistan on July 31, 2022. During his visit, he stayed
at Lahore. Assume that the Commissioner has granted him permission to use calendar year as a
special tax year.

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

20 TYPES OF TAX REGIMES

What are the different types of tax regimes and how is tax computed on them?
21 JEAN FRANCOIS
Jean Francois, a French designer, often visits to Pakistan for promotion of his products. During his last
visit he stayed in Pakistan from 10 July 2022 to 25 February 2022. Determine the residential status of
Jean Francois for tax year 2023, assuming that the Commissioner has granted him permission to use
calendar year as special tax year.
22 FTR
Briefly explain the general provisions/rules which may apply to income subject to Final Tax Regime?
23 FAIR MARKET VALUE
Identify any situation in which the fair market value of the assets shall be treated to be the cost of the
asset?
24 CHANGE IN TAX YEAR
State the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 relating to each of the following:
(i) Change of tax year from special to normal
(ii) Change in the method of accounting for income chargeable to tax under the head ‘income from
business’
25 OBJECTIVE OF TAX LAWS
State one objective of tax laws in each of the following independent cases:
(i) High tax rate on import of goods
(ii) Zero rating under the Sales Tax Act, 1990
(iii) Decrease in sales tax rate
(iv) Tax on cash deposit/withdrawal by non-filer
(v) Introduction of tax holiday period for construction related industries
(vi) High tax rate on interest income
(vii) Decrease in tax rate for online sales
(viii) Tax credit to persons employing fresh graduates
(ix) High tax rates on luxury items
(x) Allow expenditure on research and development
26 FASTER & CO.
(a) Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 discuss the tax implication/treatment in
each of the following independent matters:
(i) Purchase of immovable property in cash.
(ii) Payment of any sum by a private company to its shareholder by way of a loan.
(iii) Profit on debt received by a non-resident person on a security issued by a resident
person.
(b) For the purpose of this part of the question, assume that the date today is 31 August 2023.
During the year ended 30 June 2023, Faster & Co. (FC) started a new project. Following information
is available:
 Incurred Rs. 5 million on feasibility study of the project.
 Obtained a 3% loan of AED 2 million from a UAE bank on 1 January 2023 for the
purchase of plant and machinery. The interest is payable annually and principal amount
is repayable at the end of third year.

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Tax Practices

 Installed the plant and machinery at a cost of Rs. 150 million on 14 March 2023. The
exchange rates of 1 AED to PKR on different dates are as follows:

Average between
1-Jan-2023 30-Jun-2023
1-Jan-2023 to 30-Jun-2023
Rs. 50 Rs. 55 Rs. 53
Required:
Compute the amount of allowable deduction in determining the taxable income of FC for tax year
2023.
(c) List the persons or incomes that are allowed a tax credit equal to 100% of the tax payable. Also
specify the conditions/limitations which are required to be fulfilled for availing the said tax credit.
(Ignore tax credit available to charitable organisation)
27 A, B, C LIMITED
Following information pertains to three unlisted companies:
Paid up Total Annual
Company Shareholders
capital reserves turnover
----- Rs. in million -----
A Limited 30 80 150 60% shares are held by a foreign company
B Limited 80 (35) 220 40% shares are held by the Provincial and Federal
governments
C Limited 40 5 500 100% shares are held by a local group
Required:
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 briefly discuss whether each of the above
companies can be classified as small, public or private. Also state the additional information, if any, which
may be required for determining the classification of these companies.

CHAPTER 5 - SALARY INCOME

28 MR. A
Mr. A is an employee of a multinational company incorporated in Pakistan. His remuneration during the
year was as follows -
Rupees
(1) Basic salary 1,117,245
(2) Reward 22,062
(3) Bonus 300,000
(4) House rent allowance 643,514
(5) Utility allowance 111,724

The Company has provided him a car for personal and business use. The cost of the car was Rs.1,100,000.
During the year, Mr. A has been paid an interest free loan for construction of a house amounting to
Rs.1,150,000.
In addition to the above, Mr. A was granted Stock Option of 2500 shares by the Head Office of the
Company at US$ 36 per shares. Out of the above stock option, 1250 shares vested to him during the year
were immediately exercised by him. The price of the share at the time of exercise was US$ 41 per share.
The exchange rate between US$ and Pak Rupee on the date on which Mr. A exercised his option was
US$ 1 = Rs.103.
Required:
During the year, the company has withheld tax from his salary amounting to Rs. 295,000. You are required
to compute his taxable income and tax thereon for the Tax Year 2023.

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

29 MR. MUSHTAQ
Mr. Mushtaq has provided you with the following data for the computation of his total income and tax
thereon for the tax year 2023.
Rupees
Basic salary 1,225,000
Bonus 50,000
Conveyance allowance 50,000
House rent allowance 101,250
Leave fare assistance 60,000
Cash paid to a non-profit organization by way of donation 20,000
Motor vehicle valuing Rs. 400,000 provided by employer and used partly for personal
and partly for business purpose.
Running cost borne by employee 30,000
At the start of the tax year Mr. Mushtaq was issued 5,000 shares under an employee share option scheme
whereby he was offered shares at 25% discount to the market value. The market value of shares is Rs.11
per share. House loan taken by Mr. Mushtaq amounted to Rs.200,000 and interest paid on such loan
during the year amounted to Rs.6,000.
Required:
You are required to compute his taxable income and tax thereon for the tax year 2023. Show all
computations and assumptions, as necessary.

30 MR. BASHIR AHMED

Mr. Bashir Ahmed is an employee who had joined his current employment during the tax year 2023. His
details of salary, allowance and perquisites received from company “A” his previous employer and
company “B” his present employer are as follows:

Particulars Company A Company B

Basic salary 714,158 572,572
Bonus 150,000 71,800
House rent allowance 258,663 222,746
Utility allowance 71,415 57,257
Conveyance provided by Company B partly used for business and
private use. Cost of the car purchased by the company Rs.1,100,000
Leave encashment 77,783 -
Medical reimbursement as per the terms of employment 35,000 25,000
Ex-gratia payment received under golden handshake scheme 2,048,300 -
The detail of assessed income and assessed tax in respect of past three years is as follows:
Rs. Rs.
2020 1,309,570 269,902
2021 1,545,850 371,255
2022 2,264,940 557,633
During the year Company “A” had deducted tax under section 149 amounting to Rs.270,000 and
Company “B” had deducted tax under section 149 amounting to Rs.300,000 from payments made to Mr.
Bashir.
Required:
Compute the taxable income and tax liability of Mr. Bashir based on the data provided above for the tax
year 2023.

© Emile Woolf International 5 The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan

Tax Practices

31 MR. HAYAT
Mr. Hayat, Chief Engineer in Mega Limited, had received 6,000 shares of the company in July 2020, under
an employee share scheme. Mr. Hayat had the option to transfer the shares in tax year 2022 or thereafter.
The market value of shares at the time of issue was Rs. 12 per share. In 2021 the share attained a market
value of Rs. 20; however, Mr. Hayat sold the shares in May 2023 when the share price was Rs. 35 per
share.
Required:
(i) With reference to above, briefly explain the relevant provisions of the income tax Ordinance, 2001
relating to employee share scheme.
(ii) Compute the amount to be included in the taxable income of Mr. Hayat for each tax year.

32 MR. AINUDDIN KHAN

Mr. Ainuddin Khan, a retired civil servant has joined a listed company during the year and provides you
the following information relevant to the tax year 2023 related to the income year ended June 30, 2023:
(a) Payroll Rupees
(i) Monthly payroll 220,000
(ii) Bonus (to the extent of 20% of annual payroll) -
(iii) House rent allowance receivable in cash with monthly payroll 50,000
(iv) The company maintained 1000 CC. car valuing Rs 1,800,000
for personal and official use, on which total expenditure
incurred by the company 80,000
(b) Other payments made by company on vouchers
(i) Residential electricity 200,000
(ii) Petrol for residential generator 5,000
(iii) Gas bills of residence 6,000
(iv) Telephone bills of residence including withholding
tax of Rs. 100 13,885
(v) Club bills 4,000
(vi) Internet usage reimbursement 9,000
(c) Mr. Ainuddin Khan also received the following sums:
(I) Pension from government 80,000
(ii) Dividends from investment in WAPDA Bonds (net of tax and zakat) 70,000
Required:
Compute total income of Mr. Khan for tax year 2023.

33 MR. MATEEN
Mr. Mateen was employed with Melody Limited (ML) as an event organizer. On June 30, 2022 he resigned
from his employment without completion of notice period. On July 01, 2022 he joined another company
Rock Star Limited (RSL) as a senior event organizer. Following information is available relating to his
assessment for the tax year 2023:
(a) On July 01, 2022 RSL paid Rs. 280,000 to ML as compensation in lieu of un-served notice period
by Mr. Mateen.
(b) On July 15, 2022 Mr. Mateen received a gratuity of Rs. 350,000 from an unrecognized gratuity
fund maintained by ML. He also received Rs. 150,000 as leave encashment.
(c) In accordance with the terms of his employment with RSL, Mr. Mateen was provided with the
following emoluments / benefits during the tax year 2023:

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

(i) Basic salary of Rs. 245,000 per month and utility allowance of Rs. 21,000 per month.
(ii) A reimbursement of personal medical expenses, upto 15% of the annual basic salary and
Rs.250,000 on account of hospitalization charges for his daughter were made after procuring
hospital bills showing the national tax number of the hospital. These bills were also attested
and certified by RSL.
(iii) For the first two months of his employment, a pick and drop facility was provided to
Mr.Mateen at a monthly rent of Rs. 25,000. On September 01, 2022, RSL provided a
company maintained 1300 CC., Honda City which was partly used for private purposes. The
cost of the car was Rs. 2,500,000.
(iv) Monthly salary of Rs. 6,000 was paid to Mr. Mateen’s house keeper by RSL. Mr. Mateen
however, reimbursed 20% of the house keeper’s salary to RSL.
(v) A special allowance of Rs. 50,000 was paid to meet expenses necessarily to be incurred in
the performance of his official duties. Actual expenditure was Rs. 40,000.
(vi) On January 01, 2023, he was provided an interest free loan of Rs. 1,500,000. The prescribed
benchmark rate is 10% per annum.
(vii) A commission of Rs. 500,000 was paid for introducing new clients to the company.
Withholding tax was deducted by RSL at the rate of 12% from such payments.
(viii) The tax deducted at source from his salary by RSL for the tax year 2023 amounted to
Rs.550,000.
(d) Apart from his employment with RSL, Mr. Mateen also organized events for private clients. He
received a total of Rs. 1,000,000 from such clients. No tax was deducted from such receipts.
However, he incurred an overall loss of Rs. 350,000 on organizing these events.
(e) On May 31, 2023 he received Rs. 180,000 from Mr. Ali as consideration for vacating his bungalow.
(f) He also received a share of profit from a business in Malaysia equivalent to Rs. 535,000. He paid
Rs. 130,000 in taxes in Malaysia on such income.
(g) Mr. Mateen acquired 10,000 shares of a listed company from the Privatization Commission of
Pakistan at a price of Rs.10 per share on May 31, 2022. . On May 20, 2023 he sold all the shares
for Rs. 1,000,000.
(h) He paid Zakat of Rs. 250,000 to an approved organization, through crossed cheque.
Required:
Compute the taxable income, tax liability and tax payable / refundable, if any, by Mr. Mateen for the tax
year 2023.

34 MR. ASLAM
Mr. Aslam has been appointed by Grace University of Commerce (GUC) on 01 December 2022, as its
full time teacher to teach ‘Taxation’. Mr. Aslam is experience teacher for 35 years and currently he is 62
years old. The break-up of his monthly salary from the employer is given below:
(Rupees)
Basic salary 100,000
Utilities allowance 10,000
House rent allowance 30,000
Further, he has also received following amounts from the GUC:
Re-imbursement of children’s education fee 25,000
Bonus 24,000
GUC agreed to bear Rs. 5,000 monthly on account of tax chargeable on Mr. Aslam’s salary. He was also
provided with a motor vehicle having cost of Rs.1,500,000. The vehicle was to be used partly for official
use. Medical re-imbursements in terms of employment amounted to Rs. 110,000.

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Tax Practices

On 1st January 2023, Mr. Aslam was granted an option to acquire 1,000 shares under the employee share
scheme. Option was acquired at a cost of Rs. 5,000 whereas the exercise price was Rs.30 per share. Mr.
Aslam sold half of the option at Rs. 4,000 and exercised the remaining option on 31 st January 2023 when
the fair market value of shares was Rs. 50 per share. These shares were, however, subject to restriction
on transfer till 31st March 2023. On this date, the fair market value had climbed to Rs. 60 per share. GUC
deducted tax at Rs. 5,000 per month out of Mr. Aslam’s salary.
Required
On the basis of foregoing, compute Mr. Aslam’s taxable income and tax liability for tax year 2023.

35 MR. AKRAM
Mr. Akram is an employee of Royal Brands Ltd. (a listed Co). In tax year 2023, his basic salary aggregated
to Rs. 1,500,000. The company offered him shares option for acquiring 5,000 shares under employee
share scheme. Cost of option amounted to Rs. 1,000. He exercised the option @ Rs. 50/share on
1st September, 2022. Fair market value (FMV) at the time of exercise of shares was Rs. 70/share. After
holding the shares for a period of 202 days, he disposed them off at:
a) Rs 90 / share
b) Rs 40 / share

Required
In each of the above scenarios, compute Mr. Akram’s taxable income and tax liability for tax year 2023.

36 MR. AKBER
Mr. Akber was employed on 1st August 2022 at ABC Limited in the monthly Basic Pay Scale of
Rs.150,000 - 10,000 - 175,000. His monthly emoluments during the year ended 30th June 2023 were as
follows:
(Rupees)
Basic Salary 160,000
Travelling allowance 12,000
Medical allowance 18,000
Mr. Akber was offered to either avail a monthly house rent allowance of Rs.50,000 or rent free
accommodation. He opted for the accommodation. Mr. Aslam has been provided free utilities with a
maximum limit of Rs. 10,000 per month. However, he generally consumed utilities worth Rs. 15,000 a
month.
Mr. Akber has also been provided with a motor vehicle for official as well as private use. The vehicle was
acquired by ABC Ltd on lease. The fair market value of vehicle was Rs. 1,500,000 at the inception of
lease. However, under the lease agreement, ABC Ltd. was required to pay a total sum of Rs.2,000,000
over the lease term.
During the month of December 2022, the employer waived a Rs. 100,000 loan due from Mr. Akber.
Further, the employer also re-imbursed children education expenses amounting to Rs.46,000. Tax
deducted by employer at Rs. 7,000 per month out of Mr. Akber’s salary.
Mr. Akber left the job as well as Pakistan on 30th April 2023 and joined a new job at UAE on a monthly
salary of AED 12,000 effective from 1st June, 2023. Conversion rate Rs.40/AED
Required
Compute Mr. Akber’s taxable income and tax liability for tax year 2023.

37 SAEED
Saeed, a citizen of Pakistan, was working on a foreign vessel belonging to Delta Shipping Company
(DSL) based in Spain for the past three years. His monthly salary was USD 15,000 which was remitted
to his Pakistani bank account through normal banking channel. The amount received during the tax year
2023 was converted to Pak Rupees at an average exchange rate of USD 1 = PKR 170.

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

On 1 October 2022, he resigned from DSL and joined Haris Pharma Limited (HPL) in Pakistan as a
General Manager. He was offered following monthly salary and allowance in HPL:

Rupees

Basic salary 600,000

Medical allowance 66,000

In addition to the above, he was also provided the following:

i. Bonus equal to two monthly basic salaries. However, bonus amount was adjusted in proportion to
the duration of his stay in the company. The bonus amount was paid to him on 5 July 2023.
ii. Two company maintained cars. Both cars were purchased on 1 October 2021. The car costing
Rs.3,500,000 was used for official purposes whereas the car costing Rs. 1,900,000 was used for
personal purposes.
iii. Free lunch from the restaurant owned by one of HPL’s directors. The fair market value of food
provided to him during the year was Rs. 125,000.
iv. A fixed special allowance of Rs. 20,000 per month to meet expenses wholly and necessarily incurred
in the performance of his official duties. Actual expenses incurred by him during the year were
Rs.150,000.
v. Provident fund contribution of Rs. 60,000 per month. An equal amount per month was also contributed
by Saeed to the fund.
Other information relevant to tax year 2023 is as under:
i. On 1 December 2022, Saeed obtained a loan of Rs. 25 million from a scheduled bank at 15% mark-
up per annum to acquire a residential house.
ii. During the year, he received dividends of Rs. 575,000 from a listed company. The amount was net
of withholding income tax at the rate of 15% and Zakat of Rs. 62,500 deducted under the Zakat and
Usher Ordinance, 1980.
iii. Withholding tax deducted by HPL from Saeed’s salary during the tax year 2023 amounted to
Rs.1,300,000.
Required:
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and Rules made there under, compute under
the appropriate head of income, the total income, taxable income and net tax payable by or refundable
to Saeed for the tax year 2023.

38 SAJID
Sajid retired from Sun Chemicals Limited (SCL) as a Marketing Manager with effect from 31 December
2022. He received the following amounts in final settlement from SCL:
i. Leave encashment of Rs. 600,000.
ii. Rs. 4,000,000 from unapproved provident fund. 50% of this amount was contributed by Sajid.
iii. Un-approved gratuity of Rs. 2,500,000.
He also acquired the vehicle, provided to him by SCL, at accounting written down value of Rs. 500,000.
The market value of the vehicle at the time of retirement was Rs. 2,000,000.
Required:
Under the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and Rules made there under, discuss the tax treatment of the
above benefits received by Sajid on retirement.

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Tax Practices

CHAPTER 6 - INCOME FROM PROPERTY

39 MR. ASAD
Mr. Asad owns some buildings which are given on rent. The following information is available:
Rupees
Annual rent received from tenants 1,800,000
Depreciation on building under the tax laws 400,000
Property tax 100,000
Municipal/local government taxes 100,000 (Agreement with tenants provide that tenants should pay the
taxes,)
General and administration expenses 200,000
Rent received includes Rs. 600,000 for three years commencing from July 01 of the current tax year.
Mr. Asad follow accrual basis of accounting and its income year is July-June 2023.
Required:

Compute the income of Mr. Asad under the heading ‘income from property’ for the tax year 2023.

40 MR. AKMAL
Mr. Akmal purchased four same-sized similar flats at top floor of an apartment block in Karachi in June
2022. He let out two flats at fair market rent of Rs. 25,000/- (per month) from the next month onwards. He
also received security deposit at Rs. 200,000/- in connection with each of these two flats. Mr. Akmal
entered into an agreement to sale of third flat, and received Rs.100,000/- as token money on 25/06/2021,
the rest of the proceeds amount was to be paid in 15 days’ time. However, the buyer failed to make the
payment by the due date and the amount of token money was forfeited by Mr. Akmal. The said flat was
then rented to his cousin at monthly rent of Rs.15,000/- on 01/08/2022 with a security deposit of Rs.
50,000/-. Fourth flat was used by Mr. Akmal for his own residential purposes. Mr. Akmal paid property tax
at Rs. 20,000/- in connection with each of his four flats.
Required:

You are required to compute Mr. Akmal’s taxable income and tax liability for Tax Year 2023.

41 FARRUKH
On 1 July 2022 Farrukh borrowed Rs. 8,000,000 from Star Bank Limited and acquired a plot of land in
hub industrial zone of Rs. 6,500,000. He invested the rest of the loan in a business venture with his friend.
The above loan carries mark-up at a rate of 12% per annum and is repayable in eight equal quarterly
instalments starting from 1 July 2023. On 1 August 2022 Farrukh decided to sell the plot of land to Zufiqar
Motors for Rs. 10,000,000 and received a deposit of Rs. 500,000 form them. On 15 August 2022 Farrukh
forfeited the deposit on refusal of Zulfiqar Motors to purchases the plot of land.
On 1 September 2022 Farrukh let out the plot of land to his friend Atif at a monthly rent of Rs. 150,000.
He received an un-adjustable deposit of Rs. 200,000 from Atif and paid Rs. 80,000 for levelling the ground,
Rs.50,000 as ground rent, Rs. 12,000 as insurance premium against the risk of damage or destruction by
water logging and Rs.140,000 against rent collection charges. Farrukh had paid Rs. 25,000 to a firm of
professional valuer, which determined the annual rental value of the plot of land at Rs. 2,160,000.
Required:

Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and Rules made there under, compute under
the relevant head of income, taxable income of Farrukh of tax year 2023.

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

42 MR. AMJAD
(a) Explain the term ‘Rent’ with relation to ‘Income from property’.
(b) During the tax year 2023, Amjad carried out the following transactions in respect of his properties:
(i) On 1 July 2022, Amjad purchased a factory building in Sukkur along with the installed machinery
at the price of Rs. 9 million and Rs. 3 million respectively. To manage the shortage of funds of
Rs. 2,000,000, he borrowed the same on 1 July 2022 from his friend Shamshad through a
crossed cheque. The loan carries interest at the rate of 18% per annum.
On 1 January 2022, he let out this building along with the machinery to Basit at a monthly rent of
Rs. 500,000 payable in advance.
(ii) On 1 July 2022, Amjad let out his residential property situated in DHA Karachi to Mirza Limited
at a monthly rent of Rs. 300,000. Rent for the two years was received in advance on 1 August
2022.
(iii) On 1 July 2022, Amjad also entered into an agreement with Zeeshan for the sale of his plot
situated in Quetta for Rs. 50 million. The plot had been purchased for Rs. 40 million in 2015.
Under the terms of sale agreement, he received Rs. 5 million at the time of signing the agreement
and the balance was to be received on 30 September 2022. However, due to financial difficulties,
Zeeshan failed to pay the balance amount on the due date and consequently, Amjad forfeited
the advance in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
On 10 April 2023, he finally sold the plot to Jamshed for Rs. 65 million.
(iv) Following expenditures were incurred by Amjad in respect of his properties in Sukkur and
Karachi:

Property situated in
Details of expenditures
Sukkur Karachi

Repair & maintenance – building 270,000 70,000

- machinery 50,000 -

Ground rent 50,000 10,000

Insurance – building 150,000 20,000

Total 520,000 100,000

Required:
In view of the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 compute under appropriate head of income,
taxable income of Amjad for the tax year 2023.

43 A, B & C
Following are the incomes of three resident individuals A, B and C during the tax year 2023:

A B C

Head of income Rupees

Income from property 200,000 350,000 4,100,000

Income from business 360,000 160,000

Required:
Discuss the tax treatment of income from property of each of the above individuals

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CHAPTER 7 - INCOME FROM BUSINESS - 1

44 SUN & MOON CO.
Sun & Moon have recently registered as partners. They have incurred the following expenditures during
the tax year 2023.
Rupees
Fees paid to consultants for preparation of registration deed 50,000
Preparation of feasibility report 100,000
Purchase of office equipment 150,000
Purchase of machinery 1,000,000
Freight charges 200,000
Installation cost 50,000
Required:
You are required to explain the tax treatment by computing the amount allowable as deduction for the tax
year 2023 in accordance with the provisions of Income Tax Ordinance, 2001.

45 IDEAL ASSOCIATES
You are the tax consultant of Ideal Associates who are engaged in the business of manufacture and sale
of electronic goods for the last twenty years. The firm has requested for your opinion in respect of the
following expenditures incurred for tax year 2022:
(i) Provision for bad debts
(ii) Payment against a trading liability which was outstanding since 2018 and had been added back
into the taxable income of the firm in 2022.
(iii) Initial allowance on a three-year old plant, which has been imported from China. The remaining
useful life of the plant is 7 years.
Required:
Advise the management on the treatment of the above transactions, under the Income Tax Ordinance,
2001.

46 CARROT LTD
Carrot Ltd (CL) is engaged in the manufacture, import and sale of electronic appliances for the past twenty
years. While reviewing the company’s tax provisions, you noticed the following amounts appearing in the
tax calculation for the year ended June 30, 2023.
(i) Expenditure of Rs. 450,000 on promotion of a product which is expected to generate revenue for
twelve years.
(ii) Bad debt in respect of a staff loan, Rs. 25,000.
(iii) Reimbursement of expenses of Rs. 300,000 to CL by the parent company. This amount was
incurred by CL in 2019 on marketing a new product imported from Dubai. Income of commercial
importer was subject to final tax regime in tax year 2019.
(iv) Initial allowance of Rs. 4,000,000 on a used equipment acquired locally from MSD Limited.
(v) Financial charges amounting to Rs. 100,000 and depreciation amounting to Rs. 200,000 on a
vehicle acquired on finance lease from Radish Leasing. Lease rentals paid during the year
amounted to Rs. 400,000. The principal cost of finance leased motor vehicle not plying for hire is
within maximum upper limit of Rs. 2,500,000.
Required:
Under the provisions of Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 discuss the admissibility of each of the above
amounts for tax purposes.

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

47 ENTERTAINMENT EXPENDITURE
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and Rules made there under, discuss the
prescribed limits / conditions for the deduction of entertainment expenditure?

48 KAMYAB ENTERPRISES (KE)

Abbas, a resident individual, is engaged in the business of manufacturing various consumer goods under
the name and style of ‘Kamyab Enterprises (KE)’. Following information has been extracted from KE’s
records for the year ended 30 June 2023:
Rupees
Sales 43,089,000
Cost of sales (26,042,000)
Gross profit 17,047,000
Administrative and selling expenses (7,800,000)
Financial charges (2,100,000)
Other income 5,560,000
Profit before tax 12,707,000
Additional information:

Cost of sales includes:

(i) accounting depreciation of Rs. 1,200,000. The tax written down values of KE’s fixed assets on
1 July 2022 were:
Rupees
Plant and machinery 6,860,000
Computers and related products 800,000
Motor vehicles (80% for business purposes) 3,000,000
A new computer was purchased on 1 April 2023 for Rs. 150,000.
Motor vehicle which was purchased on 15 June 2021 at the cost of Rs. 1,000,000 was sold for
Rs. 750,000 on 31 May 2023. Carrying value of this motor vehicle was equal to sale proceeds.
(ii) an amount of Rs. 40,000 paid to factory supervisor on 23 March 2023 as advance salary for
the month of April. Since he was in urgent need of the amount and the banks were closed on
23 March 2023 due to the Pakistan Day, he was paid in cash.
Administrative and selling expenses include:
(i) expenditure on ‘In-house scientific research’ related to KE’s business. It includes salaries of
Rs. 880,000 paid to scientists, material of Rs. 230,000 used in the research and Rs. 700 ,000
paid to a company in China for supporting KE’s scientists in the research work. This
expenditure was not recorded as intangible asset as it could not provide an advantage for a
period of more than one year.
(ii) an expense of Rs. 650,000 paid as an instalment towards the purchase price of an industrial
plot.
(iii) purchase of goats worth Rs. 225,000 for sacrifice on Eid-ul-Azha. The payment was made
through cross cheque.
(iv) donations of Rs. 1,000,000 to approved non-profit organisations. 40% of this amount was
donated to organisations listed on the Thirteenth Schedule of the Income TaxOrdinance, 2001.
All donations were made through crossed cheques.
(v) an insurance premium of Rs. 200,000 paid to a registered insurance company for health
insurance of Abbas and his dependents.

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Tax Practices

Other income includes:

(i) an amount of Rs. 720,000 received from income tax department on account of tax refund
related to tax year 2020. This amount includes an additional payment of
Rs. 80,000 due to delay in tax refund.
(ii) capital gains of Rs. 430,000 and Rs. 250,000 on sale of investments in shares of Manzil
Limited, a public unlisted company and Himmat Limited, a public listed company respectively
on 20 June 2023. Both investments were made on 1 January 2021.
Required:
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and Rules made thereunder, compute total
income, taxable income and net income tax payable by or refundable to Abbas for the tax year 2023.
Note:  Your computation should commence with profit before tax figure of Rs. 12.707 million.
 Ignore minimum tax under section 113.
 Show all relevant exemptions, exclusions and disallowances.

CHAPTER 8 - INCOME FROM BUSINESS-2

49 INTANGIBLE ASSETS
In the context of Income Tax Ordinance 2001,
(a) State the meaning of “Intangible”.
(b) Discuss the rules relating to claiming of amortization deduction on intangibles.

50 MR. QATEEL
Mr. Qateel, a resident individual, is engaged in the manufacture of various consumer goods under the
name and style ‘Qateel Enterprises (Q E)’. The following information has been extracted from the records
of QE for the financial year ended 30 June 2023.
Rupees
Total turnover 28,500,000
Cost of sales (26,155,000)
Gross profit 2,345,000
Operating expenses (4,500,000)
Operating loss (2,155,000)
Finance charges on lease of machinery (35,703)
Other income 5,000,000
Profit before tax 2,809,297
"Additional information:
(i) Cost of sales includes:
 Rs. 45,000 paid as fine for violation of contract with a customer for delay in supply of goods.
 accounting depreciation of Rs. 1,900,000 (including depreciation on leased assets).
(ii) Operating expenses include:
 Rs.450,000 paid for renewal of a manufacturing licence for fifteen years.
 vehicle tax paid in cash amounting to Rs. 55,000 for eight office cars.
 Rs. 200,000 paid as security deposit to K-Electric (KE) for replacement of transformer at the
factory.
 Rs. 300,000 collected by KE as advance tax through monthly electricity bills.

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

 cash donation to poor families amounting to Rs. 64,600 and donation of Rs. 2,000,000 paid
through cheque to Edhi Foundation, which is listed in Thirteenth Schedule of the Income Tax
Ordinance, 2001.
 penalty of Rs. 25,000 imposed by the Commissioner Inland Revenue for late filing of annual
return of income for the tax year 2020.
 entertainment expenditure of Rs. 128,000 incurred on arrival of foreign customers for
business purposes.
(iii) Other income includes:
 dividend of Rs. 580,000 received from listed companies. The amount is net of income tax at
the rate of 15% and Zakat of Rs. 100,000 deducted under the Zakat and Usher Ordinance,
1980.
 Capital gain of Rs. 1,200,000 from sale of shares of a private limited company. Shares were
acquired on 1 August 2017.
(iv) On 30 June 2023, leased machinery was transferred to Qateel on maturity of lease. The leasing
company was asked to adjust the amount of security deposit against the residual value of Rs.
100,000. The date of commencement of lease was 1 July 2018.
Lease rentals paid during the year amounted to Rs. 270,000.
On the date of maturity, the accounting written down value and market value of the machinery was
Rs. 590,490 and Rs. 800,000 respectively.
(v) During the year, a warehouse was constructed for storage of goods at a cost of Rs. 1,040,000. No
accounting depreciation has been recorded on it.
(vi) Tax depreciation for the tax year 2023 without considering the effect of para (iv) and (v) above,
amounted to Rs. 1,560,000.
(vii) Advance income tax paid during the year amounted to Rs. 480,000. .

Required:
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and Rules made there under computer the total
income, taxable income and net tax payable by or refundable to QE for the year ended 30 June 2023.
Note:
 Ignore minimum tax under section 113.
 Show all the relevant exemptions, exclusions and disallowances.

51 SALMAN SHAHID
During the tax year 2023, Salman Shahid sold the following assets:
(i) A vehicle used by manager-in-charge of his garment factory for Rs. 7.8 milion. The vehicle was
purchased for Rs. 8.1 million in tax year 2020.
(ii) A machine for Rs. 350,000 on 1 June 2023, which he had imported from Malaysia for Rs. 1,900,000
on 1 May 2023, to start a new business. The machine was badly damaged during the shipment from
Malaysia, rendering it unfit for use. He received insurance claim of Rs. 1,840,000 as damages on 15
May 2023. Charges incurred in connection with the submission of claim with insurance company
were Rs. 38,000.

Required:
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 compute under the appropriate head of income,
the amount to be included in the taxable income of Salman Shahid for the tax year 2023.

52 MISCELLANEOUS
a) Sikandar has revalued his factory building in accordance with International Financial Reporting
Standards and consequently charged depreciation on the revalued amount. Explain the tax
implication of the revaluation?

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Tax Practices

b) Shahbaz has acquired machinery for his new factory against a loan repayable in USD. Discus what
would be the cost of machinery for the purpose of d e preciation deduction?

53 SHAHID
For the purpose of this question, assume that the date today is 31 August 2023.
Shahid is engaged in the business of manufacturing and supplying of auto parts. Following is the extract
of his profit or loss statement for the tax year 2023:
Rs. in '000
Sales 29,058
Cost of goods sold (18,724)
Gross profit 10,334
Operating expenses (3,137)
Financial charges (2,030)
Other income 1,260
Profit before tax 6,427
Additional information:
(i) The above accounts have been prepared on cash basis and stock-in-trade has been valued on prime
cost method. However, Shahid wants to change the method of accounting from cash basis to accrual
basis. In this respect, following information has been gathered:
Opening Closing
balances balances
-------- Rs. in '000 --------
Stock-in-trade using prime cost method 1,800 2,800
Stock-in-trade using absorption cost method 2,300 3,200
(ii) Cost of goods sold includes:
purchase of packing material of Rs. 440,000 from Nasir Traders. No withholding tax was deducted at
the time of payment.
freight charges of Rs. 85,000. These were paid in cash for transporting goods from suppliers.
(iii) Operating expenses include:
salary of Rs. 80,000 per month paid to Shahid’s brother who handles administrative matters of the
business.
expenditure of Rs. 950,000 incurred on the development of a product which is expected to generate
revenue for five years.
penalty of Rs. 15,000 for late filing of income tax return.
(iv) Financial charges include profit on debt of Rs. 450,000 earned on fixed deposit account maintained
with a bank. The bank withheld income tax and Zakat amounting to Rs. 45,000 and Rs. 93,750
respectively.
(v) Other income includes:
capital gain of Rs. 45,000 received, net of withholding tax of Rs. 6,750, on sale of 20,000 shares in
Metal Limited (ML) in November 2022. ML is listed on PSX. On 1 January 2020, Shahid purchased
these shares for Rs. 200,000 at initial public offering.
rent of Rs. 980,000 received from an agriculture land in Badin. No withholding tax was deducted at
the time of receipt.
(vi) Tax depreciation for the year amounts to Rs. 680,000.
(vii) Tax deducted at source by customers amounts to Rs. 875,000.
(viii) The unabsorbed tax depreciation brought forward from tax year 2022 amounts to Rs. 568,000.

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

Required:
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and Rules made there under, compute total
income, taxable income and net tax payable by or refundable to Shahid for the tax year 2023. (Use
accrual basis of accounting)
Note: Your computation should commence with profit before tax figure.
Ignore minimum tax under section 113.
Show all relevant exemptions, exclusions and disallowances.

CHAPTER 9 - CAPITAL GAINS

54 MR. SHAHBAZ
Mr. Shahbaz, a resident individual earned Rs. 700,000 from the sale of assets as shown below:
Purchase Sale
Gain/(loss)
Price Price Rupees
Date Date
Rupees Rupees
Shares of a listed company 10/12/21 350,000 30/06/23 200,000 (150,000)
Shares of an unlisted company 15/07/21 500,000 30/11/22 900,000 400,000
Jewellery 15/05/21 750,000 20/12/22 1,400,000 650,000
Sculpture 01/07/21 400,000 31/01/23 300,000 (100,000)
Shares of a private limited company 01/01/23 1,300,000 15/02/23 1,200,000 (100,000)
Required:
Discuss the treatment and the implications of each of the above transactions under the Income Tax
Ordinance, 2001. Give brief reasons to support your conclusion.

55 SALEHA
Saleha is a resident person. She disposed of the following assets during the tax year 2023.
(i) A painting which she inherited from her father was sold for Rs. 1,250,000. The market value of the
painting at the time of inheritance was Rs. 1,550,000. The painting was purchased by her father
for Rs. 1,000,000.
(ii) She sold jewellery for Rs. 2,300,000 which was purchased by her husband in March 2020 for
Rs.1,300,000 and gifted to her on the same date.
(iii) She disposed of her car for Rs. 1,800,000. The car was being used for the purposesof her business.
The tax written down value of the car at the beginning of tax year 2023 was Rs.1,600,000. The rate
of depreciation for tax purposes is 20%.
(iv) On 20 October 2022 she sold a dining table to Faheem for Rs. 18,000, which she had purchased
on 15 May 2020 for Rs. 15,000 for her personal use.

Required:
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001, discuss the taxability of each of the above
transactions in the context of capital gain/loss.

56 VEHICLE AND SCULPTURES

a) Haris sold two of his personal vehicles during the current year and earned profit of Rs. 550,000.
Discus the taxability of profit earned by Haris in the context of capital ga i n / l o s s .
b) On 1 July 2017, Ahmed purchased two sculptures for Rs. 410,000 and Rs. 475,000 respectively.
On 30 November 2022, during the shifting of his house, he lost both the sculptures. On 15 January
2023, he received insurance claim of Rs. 940,000 in a single transaction against the loss of two
sculptures. The fair market value of both the sculptures at the time of loss was estimated at Rs.
360,000 and Rs. 540,000 respectively. Compute Ahmed’s taxable income o r l o s s for the above
transaction.

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Tax Practices

CHAPTER 10 - INCOME FROM OTHER SOURCES

57 MULTIPLE INDIVIDUALS
(i) Mr. Danishwar, a renowned author, completed his book on “Human Behaviour” in two and a half
years. He received a lump sum amount of Rs. 900,000 in May 2023 on account of royalty.
(ii) Mr. Bari, a Pakistani national, was working as a clearing agent in Taiwan for the past six years. He
came back to Pakistan in July 2022 and joined the clearing house of his brother Ikram. In March
2023 he received, in Taiwan, Rs.1.0 million as his share of commission from the discontinued
business.
Required:
In the light of the provisions of Income Tax Ordinance, 2001, briefly explain the taxability of income in
each of the given situations.

58 MS. BEENA SIKANDAR

Ms. Beena Sikandar is a lawyer and owns a law firm under the name Beena & Co. She is also Director
Legal Affairs at Ayesha Foods Limited. Details of her income for the tax year 2023 are as follows:

(A) INCOME FROM BEENA & CO.

Income Statement Note Rupees
Revenue (i) 8,500,000
Less: Expenses
Salaries (ii) (2,000,000)
Gifts and donations (iii) (400,000)
Lease charges (iv) (900,000)
Professional fee (v) (400,000)
Property expenses (vi) (350,000)
Travel expenses (150,000)
Other expenses (vii) (600,000)
Tax withheld by clients (200,000)
(5,000,000)
Net profit 3,500,000
Notes to the Income Statement
(i) Revenue includes Rs. 750,000 recovered from Ms. Rafia in respect of bad debts that had
been written off while calculating the taxable income for the tax year 2018. The amount was
receivable against professional services rendered to Ms. Rafia.
(ii) Salary expenses include amounts of Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 75,000 per month paid to Beena
and her brother respectively. Her brother looks after administration and financial matters of
the firm.
(iii) Gifts and donations include gifts to clients, gift to her son and donation to Edhi Foundation
amounting to Rs. 100,000, Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 250,000 paid through crossed cheques
respectively.
(iv) A vehicle was obtained solely for official purposes on operating lease, from a bank. The
lease commenced on 1 March 2023. Lease charges include Rs. 500,000 paid as security
deposit to the bank.
(v) The professional fee includes an amount of Rs. 150,000 paid to a legal firm for defending a
law suit filed against Ms. Beena, in a family court.

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

(vi) Ms. Beena lives in an apartment situated above her office, and two-fifths of the total property
expenses relates to this apartment.
(vii) Other expenses include an amount of Rs. 150,000 paid for Ms. Beena’s golf club
membership, which she exclusively used to promote her business interests. The payment to
the club was made in cash.
(B) DIRECTOR’S REMUNERATION FROM AYESHA FOOD LIMITED (AFL)
(i) Ms. Beena received monthly remuneration of Rs. 100,000 from AFL.
(ii) During the year, she also received two bonus payments of Rs. 100,000 each. One of the
bonus pertains to tax year 2022. It was announced last year but disbursed to her in the
current year.
(iii) Ms. Beena has also been provided a vehicle, by AFL, for her personal as well as business
use. The car was acquired by AFL in May 2019 at a cost of Rs. 2,000,000. The fair market
value of the car as at 30 June 2023 was Rs. 1,500,000.
(iv) She received a fee of Rs. 150,000 from AFL for attending the meetings of the Board of
Directors (BOD).
(v) Details of tax deducted by AFL are as follows: Rupees
From salaries 390,000
From fee received for attending the meetings of BOD 9,000
Required:
Compute the taxable income, tax liability and tax payable by Ms.Beena Sikandar for the tax year 2023.
Ignore Minimum Tax provisions. Provide appropriate comments on the items appearing in the notes which
are not considered by you in your computations.

CHAPTER 11 – TAXATION OF INDIVIDUALS

59 MR. ASHRAF
Mr. Ashraf made the following donations during the income year 2022-2023:
(a) Rs.200,000 in cash to a relief fund sponsored by the Government.
(b) Personal car to an institution approved as non-profit organisation. This car was purchased by
Mr.Ashraf four years ago at the cost of Rs. 800,000. The fair market value is Rs. 600,000.
(c) Medicines to a private hospital purchased at the total cost of Rs.100,000.
Required:
Keeping in view the requirement of Section 61 of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001, explain Mr. Ashraf
regarding the tax credits for donation, which may be claimed by him, if his income for the relevant tax
year has been assessed at Rs. 8,000,000.

60 MR. MUSADDIQUE NOOR

Mr. Musaddique Noor is a consultant in a group of companies. He derived following income during the
income year July 01, 2022 to June 30, 2023:

Particulars Rupees
(i) Salary income
Basic salary 200,000 per month
House rent allowance 80,000 per month
Utility allowance 10,000 per month
Medical allowance 10,000 per month

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He is also provided with a 1,000 CC. car valuing Rs 1,200,000, which is partly used for company's
business. He has also been granted a housing loan of Rs. 550,000 on which no profit/interest has
been charged.
In addition to above, he also received a gratuity of Rs. 75,000 from his previous employers during
the year. The gratuity fund is not approved by the Commissioner of Income Tax or FBR.
Tax deducted at source from his salary amounted to Rs. 150,000.

(ii) Property Income Rupees

Rent from a house let out 100,000 per month
He incurred following expenses on this property during the year:
Repairs 30,000
Collection & administrative charges 7% of rent
Ground rent 10,000
Property Tax 15,000
Rent-sharing with housing finance company 3,000 per month

He received a deposit of Rs. 2,000,000, not adjustable against rent, out of which he refunded
Rs.1,000,000 to previous tenant, 'who vacated the house after 3 years' tenancy.

(iii) Other Income Rupees

Profit on PLS Bank account (net of 10% withholding tax) 9,000
Commission from Sale of plots (net of 10% withholding tax) 18,000
Lecturing and examination services fees from
Professional institutes 20,000
Required:
As a tax consultant you are required to compute Mr. Musaddique's total income and his income tax liability
for the tax year 2023 (ignore minimum tax u/s 153 application, if any).

61 DR. A.A. QURESHI

Dr. A. A. Oureshi, a medical-practitioner, furnishes his following receipt and payment account for the
period; 1st July 2022 to 30th June 2023:
Payments Amount Receipts Amount
Rupees Rupees
Rent of clinic 24,000 Consultation fees 450,000
Household expenses 996,000 Visiting fees 100,000
Purchase of motor car 300,000 Remuneration from articles
Purchase of surgical published in magazines 12,000
Equipment 40,000 Rental income 720,000
Salary to assistant 36,000 Gifts from patients 30,000
Advance income tax 60,000
Car running expenses 30,000
Property tax 12,000
Depreciation of motorcar 80,000
Stationery 5,000
Utilities 25,000

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

Required:
Compute the income for the relative tax year and tax thereon after taking into account the following facts:
(i) Two-third of car running expense is in-connection with personal use.
(ii) Depreciation on car should be charged according to the tax laws.

62 MR. QAIS MANSOOR

Mr.Qais Mansoor is a Director-cum-Company Secretary of Badar Salam Ltd., for several years.
His monthly remunerations are as follows:

Rs.

Basic salary 120,000

House rent allowance 50,000

Utility allowance 20,000

Medical allowance 20,000

210,000

He was paid maintenance cost of his private car valuing Rs 1,350,000 used wholly for the company
business on actual basis aggregating to Rs. 50,000. He received a bonus equivalent to three basic
salaries and a special merit reward equal to two basic salaries during the year.
The company disbursed funeral expenses of his parents in the amount of Rs. 20,000 and also medical
costs on birth of his twin sons in the sum of Rs. 100,000/-, latter being as per employment terms.
The company has also provided him with free furnished accommodation costing Rs. 600,000 per annum.
The company also paid his tax liability of Rs 50,000
He was awarded with the President's Award in March 2023 worth Rs. 500,000.
He earned capital gains on sale of listed shares held since June 2018 (Rs. 200,000) and on sale of land
(Rs. 1,000,000) acquired in 2020.
Tax deducted from salary Rs. 200,000
He paid the following amounts evidenced by receipts bearing payees N.T.N number, wherever,
applicable:
1. School fees @ Rs.30,000 per month, for each of his two daughters.
2. Fee to personal solicitor & tax adviser Rs. 20,000.
3. Prior year income and penalties Rs. 50,000.
4. Donations to approved institutions paid through crossed cheques Rs. 500,000.
5. Purchase of second hand car for Rs. 1,000,000 for family use.
Required:

As a tax consultant, you are required to calculate total income, taxable income and tax liability of Mr.Qais
Mansoor for tax year 2023.

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Tax Practices

63 MR. A. D. CHUGHTAI
Being a Tax Consultant you have been provided with the following information in respect of Mr. A. D.
Chughtai, a Senior Manager of a local company for the period 1st July. 2022 to 30th June, 2023 (Tax Year
2023):
Rupees
Basic pay/wages 2,100,000
House rent 600,000
Medical allowance 100,000
Cost of living allowance 70,000
Utilities 60,000
Servant allowance 30,000
Bonus 210,000
Company car 1300 CC valuing 1,800,000
(Partly used for company's business)
Leave fare assistance 50,000
Employer's contribution to provident fund 80,000
Employer's contribution to pension fund 80,000
Income tax deducted u/s 149 100,000
In addition to the above you have been provided with the following data:
(I) Dividend income 30,000
(withholding tax deducted Rs. 3,000, Zakat deducted Rs. 750)
(ii) Profit on PLS Account 50,000
(withholding tax deducted Rs: 5,000; Zakat deducted Rs. 1,250)
(iii) Professional fee received 50,000
(iv) School Fee paid for two children 200,000
(Receipts show National Tax Number)'
(v) Legal expenses (consultant fee) 60,000
(Receipt show National Tax Number)
(vi) There is no time scale for this position.

Required:
Work out the taxable income and tax liability of Mr. A. D. Chughtai for the tax year 2023 (ignore minimum
tax liability on professional fee.)

64 MR. HYDER
Mr.Hyder is the legal representative of his deceased uncle since January 5, 2022 and manages his estate
worth Rs. 10 million approximately. On August 10, 2022, he received two notices from the income tax
department requiring him to:
 Submit details of his uncle’s income for the tax year 2018.
 Make payment of Rs. 12 million against his uncle’s income for the tax year 2015 and 2016.
Required:
(a) Advise Mr.Hyder about the extent of his tax liability in respect of the income earned by his uncle
before January 5, 2022. Also advise him about his obligations relating to the tax assessment
proceedings pending/arising against his uncle.
(b) List the situations referred to in Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 where expenditure is required to be
apportioned for the purpose of claiming a deduction.

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

65 MR. QAMAR
Mr.Qamar intends to donate an amount of Rs. 10 million to certain educational and welfare institutions.
Required:
In your capacity as his tax consultant, explain the tax relief which may be available for tax year 2023 in
respect of such donation and the conditions he must fulfil to avail such relief.
66 MR. ZAMEER ANSARI
Mr.Zameer Ansari is working as a Chief Executive Officer in Wimpy (Private) Limited (WPL).
Following are the details of his income / receipts during the tax year 2023:
(a) His monthly cash remuneration in WPL is as follows:

Rupees

Basic salary 200,000

Medical allowance 30,000

Utilities allowance 10,000

(b) In addition to the above, he was also provided the following benefits in accordance with his terms
of employment:
(i) Medical insurance for hospitalization and surgery, limited to Rs. 1,500,000 per annum.
(ii) Payment of his child’s school fees of Rs. 15,000 per month. The fee is deposited directly
into the school’s bank account.
(iii) Rent free furnished accommodation on 1000 square yards. The accommodation is located
within the municipal limits of Karachi.
(iv) Two company-maintained cars. One of the cars was purchased by WPL for Rs. 3,000,000
and is exclusively for his business use. The second car was obtained on lease on February
1, 2017 and is used partly for official and partly for personal purposes. The fair market value
of the leased vehicle at the time of lease was Rs. 1,800,000.
(v) Leave encashment amounting to Rs. 100,000 was paid to Mr.Zameer on July 5, 2023.
(vi) An amount equal to one basic salary was paid by WPL to an approved pension fund.
(c) Mr.Zameer had received 15,000 shares of WPL on December 1, 2020 under an employee share
scheme. He had the option to transfer the shares on or after January 1, 2022. However, he sold
all the shares on April 1, 2023. Fair value of the shares was as follows:
 Rs. 35 per share on December 1, 2020
 Rs. 42 per share on January 1, 2022
 Rs. 48 per share on April 1, 2023
(d) An apartment owned by Mr.Zameer was rented on July 1, 2021 to Mr. Abdul Ghaffar at a monthly
rent of Rs. 22,000. He received a non-adjustable security deposit of Rs. 150,000 which was partly
used to repay the non-adjustable security deposit amounting to Rs. 90,000 received from the
previous tenant in July 2020. He also incurred Rs. 20,000 on account of repairs to the apartment.
(e) He earned profit amounting to Rs. 75,000 on fixed deposit account maintained with a bank. The
bank withheld income tax amounting to Rs. 7,500 and Zakat amounting to Rs. 2,500.
(f) Tax deducted at source from his salary, amounted to Rs. 250,000.
Required:
Compute the taxable income, tax liability and tax payable by Mr.Zameer Ansari for the tax year 2023.

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Tax Practices

67 MS. SAIMA
Ms.Saima is a telecommunication engineer working with a leading GSM operator as their chief technical
officer for the last many years. She has provided you with the following information relating to her
assessment for the year ended June 30, 2023.
(i) Monthly salary of Rs. 500,000 was paid to her by the company consisting of the following:
Rupees
Basic salary 400,000
Medical allowance 40,000
Conveyance allowance 60,000
The salary was credited to her bank account on the 25th of every month. She incurred actual
medical expenses of Rs. 100,000 during the year. These expenses were reimbursed to her by the
company in accordance with the terms of her employment.
(ii) Due to her excellent performance, she received a bonus of two month’s basic salary during the last
month of tax year 2023.
(iii) Apart from her employment with a GSM operator, she also served as a visiting faculty member at
a local engineering university and received a total of Rs.522,222. Ms.Saima incurred an
expenditure of Rs. 70,000 towards this service.
(iv) In August 2022, she participated and won a quiz competition arranged by Pakistan Urdu Academy.
The prize money of Rs. 200,000 was paid to her after deduction of a tax of Rs. 40,000.
(v) She inherited a plot of land from her father on his death in July 2014. On October 1, 2022 she
entered into a contract of sale with Mr.Moin for a consideration of Rs. 50.0 million. Mr.Moin paid a
deposit of Rs. 1.0 million and agreed to pay the balance within one month of the date of contract.
On due date, Mr.Moin defaulted in making the payment upon which Ms.Saima forfeited the deposit
in accordance with the terms of the contract. Later on, the plot was sold to Mr.Parkash at a price
of Rs. 50.0 million on 1 August, 2023.
(vi) Ms.Saima purchased another plot of land for a consideration of Rs. 56 million. She borrowed Rs.
5.0 million from her sister for the purchase of this plot. The amount was received in cash.
(vii) Ms.Saima also inherited a painting from her father on his death in July 2014. The painting was
purchased by her father at Rs. 500,000. On April 1, 2023 she sold the painting for Rs.1.0 million.
Required:
Compute the taxable income of Ms.Saima for the tax year 2023. Give brief reasons under the Income
Tax Ordinance, 2001 in support of your treatment of each of the above items.

68 MR. BILAL
Mr. Bilal, a sole proprietor, had been filing his income tax returns and wealth statements for many years.
He was not satisfied with his tax advisor and has appointed you as his consultant. He has asked you to
review his returns for the past five years also.
On review of the wealth reconciliation for tax year 2023, it was noticed that Mr. Bilal borrowed Rs. 1 million
from his friend who is a foreign national. The amount was received in cash while his friend was on a visit
to Pakistan and is still outstanding.
Required:
Advise Mr.Bilal about the tax implications, in each of the above situations.

69 MR. FAISAL
Mr. Faisal is a resident taxpayer and has been providing consultancy services to local and foreign clients
since 2009. A friend has informed him that under the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 he can claim a tax
credit against any foreign income tax paid by him on his foreign source income.
Required:
Explain the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 pertaining to foreign tax credit available to a
resident taxpayer for the tax year 2023.

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

70 TAQI AHMED
Taqi Ahmed is working as Director Marketing with Zee Textiles Limited (ZTL) for the last twenty-five years.
Details of his monthly emoluments during the year ended 30 June 2023 are as under:
Rupees
Basic Salary 440,000
Conveyance allowance 44,000
Medical allowance 44,000
In addition to the above, Taqi Ahmed has provided the following information:
(i) He and his family members are covered under the health insurance policy in accordance with
the terms of employment. The amount of annual premium paid by ZTL was Rs. 200,000.
(ii) During the year, daily allowance of Rs. 400,000 was received to meet the expenses for working
on assignments at ZTL’s factories located in Lahore and Multan.
(iii) On 31 July 2023, the HR Committee approved a performance bonus for all employees for the
year ended 30 June 2023. Taqi received Rs. 1,200,000 as performance bonus on 15 August
2023.
(iv) On 31 March 2023, in recognition of completion of twenty five years of his service with ZTL, the
board of directors approved to waive the outstanding amount of loan taken by Taqi Ahmed.
This interest free loan of Rs. 2,500,000 was taken on 1 January 2020 and was repayable in fifty
equal monthly instalments commencing from May 2020. The prescribed benchmark rate is 10%
per annum.
(v) During the year, he received Rs. 100,000 for attending board meetings of ZTL. No tax was
withheld from this amount.
(vi) Amount of tax withheld by ZTL from his salary amounted to Rs. 2,000,000.
Other information relevant to tax year 2022 is as under:
(i) Salary is transferred to the bank account on 10th of the following month.
(ii) 10% annual increase was given to him effective 1st July in each of the last three years.
(iii) Taqi has given his house on rent to his cousin at annual rent of Rs. 1,500,000. The rent was
inclusive of amenities and utilities of Rs. 25,000 per month. However, annual rent for a similar
house with same amenities and utilities, in the vicinity, is Rs. 1,800,000.
(iv) He acquired 15,000 shares of a listed company from Privatization Commission of Pakistan at
a price of Rs. 60 per share on 15 January 2021. . On 15 June 2023, he sold all the shares at
the rate of Rs. 85 each.
(v) On 31 August 2022, he was entitled to receive 5,000 interim bonus shares from Arian Limited
(AL) a listed company. The market value of these shares on that date was Rs. 22 per share.
(vi) He also received Rs. 150,000 as cash dividend declared by AL. The share registrar incorrectly
treated Taqi as non-active taxpayer and deducted 30% withholding tax accordingly.
Required:
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and Rules made thereunder computer under
correct head of income, the total income, the taxable income and net tax payable by or refundable to Taqi
Ahmed for the year ended 30 June 2023.

71 BABER – HI FI LIMITED
Baber is working as General Manger Finance with HI FI Limited (HFL) for the past two years, The details
of his monthly emoluments during the year ended 30 June 2023 are as under:
Rupees
Basic salary 250,000
Medical allowance 28,000
House rent allowance 120,000

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Tax Practices

In addition to above, Baber was also provided the following:

(i) Rs. 900,000 for signing a bond with HFL. According to the bond Baber would not resign from
his employment before the expiry of 30 June 2024.
(ii) Company maintained car for both official and private use. The car was purchased on 1 August
2022 at a fair market value of Rs. 1,500,000.
(iii) On 1 January 2023, HFL sold an item of inventory to Baber for Rs. 12,000. The net realizable
value of the item of inventory at the end of 31 December 2022 and 30 June 2023 was Rs.
22,000 and Rs. 24,000 respectively. HFL had acquired it in July 2021 at a cost of Rs. 35,000.
(iv) An option was granted to Baber in August 2019 to acquire 2,500 shares in HFL’s parent
company, Mamoo plc, (MP), listed on Hong Kong stock exchange. However, the option was
exercisable after completion of one year of service with HFL, Baber paid an amount equivalent
to Rs. 200,000 to acquire the option when the fair market value of the option was Rs. 250,000.
On 1 September 2021, he paid an amount equivalent to Rs. 300,000 to acquire the shares in MP. The
shares were issued to him on 15 September 2021, when the market value of each share was equivalent
to Rs. 375.
On 15 June, 2021, Baber sold 2,000 shares in MP and received net proceeds equivalent to Rs. 875,000
in his bank account in Pakistan. This amount was received after deduction of bank charges of Rs. 5,000
and brokerage commission equivalent to Rs. 10,000.
Other information relevant to tax year 2023 is as under:
(i) On 1 July 2022, Baber received following payments from his previous employer Sultan Hospital
Limited:
 Rs. 600,000 in respect of termination benefits under an agreement.
 Rs. 485,000 against gratuity under an unapproved scheme.
(ii) On 1 November 2022, Baber fell ill and was admitted to Sultan Hospital Limited. The hospital
incurred Rs. 65,000 on his treatment but did not charge anything to Baber.
(iii) On 1 December 2022, he paid a premium of Rs. 300,000 on a life insurance policy.
(iv) On 1 January 2023, Baber purchased 35,000 listed shares in Muft Limited (ML) at a price of
Rs. 25 per share. On 20 March 2023, he fully subscribed 15% right shares offered by ML to its
existing shareholders at a price of Rs. 20 per share.
(v) Withholding tax deducted from Baber’s salary during tax year 2023 amounted to Rs. 1,105,000
(vi) His total assessed taxable income and total taxes paid thereon during the three preceding tax
years amounted to Rs. 10,500,000 and Rs. 1,260,000 respectively.
Required:
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and Rules made thereunder, computer the
taxable income and net tax payable by or refundable to Baber for tax year 2023.

72 LONE TRADERS
Lone Traders (LT), a sole proprietorship, is engaged in the business of buying and selling of Maize and
Wheat in bulk quantities. Following information has been extracted from LT’s records for the year ended
31 December 2022:
i. Wheat sold to food companies in Punjab amounted to Rs. 13,000,000. The sale was made after
allowing discount of Rs. 680,000 to some of the new customers. The gross profit margin was
25% on gross sales
ii. LT paid Rs. 600,000 to a research institute for the development of a formula which is likely to
improve the quality of wheat it purchases from the growers.
iii. In August 2022, LT signed a future contract with Mubarak Enterprises (ME) for the purchase of
500 metric tons of maize at Rs. 15,800 per metric ton. The delivery was expected to be made
in October 2022. ME also agreed to repurchase the entire lot at the price prevailing on the date
of sale.

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

iv. In October 2022, price of maize increased to Rs. 18,240 per metric ton and LT sold the entire
lot to ME without taking delivery.
v. LT incurred expenditure of Rs. 25,000 in respect of above future contract.
vi. Administrative, selling and distribution expenses amounted to Rs. 2,500,000. These included a
penalty of Rs. 45,000 which was imposed due to late payment of sales tax on wheat.
vii. Assessed losses brought forward from previous year were as follows:

Rupees

Trading business loss 550,000

Speculation business loss 300,000

Capital loss 250,000

Required:
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and Rules made thereunder, compute LT’s
taxable income/(loss) and the amount of loss to be carried forward, if any, for tax year 2023.

73 MR. NAUMAN
Nauman has been working as manager finance in Dua Limited (DL), a public listed company, for many
years. He received following monthly emoluments from DL during the year ended 30 June 2023:

Rupees

Basic salary 120,000

Medical allowance 20,000

House rent allowance 60,000

In addition to the above, the employer also provided him the following benefits:

(i) Company maintained car for both official and personal use. The car was purchased on 1 July 2018
at the cost of Rs. 1,400,000. As per company policy, Nauman purchased this car at its book value
of Rs. 450,000 on completion of five years i.e. 30 June 2023. Fair market value of this car on the
date of sale to Nauman was Rs. 1,000,000.

(ii) Provident fund contribution of Rs. 18,000 per month to a recognized provident fund. An equal
amount was also contributed by Nauman to the fund. Interest income of Rs. 540,000 at the rate of
18% of accumulated balance of the fund was credited to Nauman’s account.

(iii) On 1 July 2022, he was transferred to Lahore and was paid relocation allowance of Rs. 300,000.

(iv) HR Committee approved a performance bonus for the year ended 30 June 2023 for all employees.
Nauman received Rs. 400,000 as performance bonus on 15 July 2023.

(v) On 1 April 2023, Nauman obtained a loan of Rs. 5,000,000 @ 6% per annum from DL to purchase
a new house for his own use. First instalment of the loan was paid on 30 June 2023. He incurred
legal expenses of Rs. 20,000 for obtaining the loan.

Other information relevant to tax year 2023:

(i) During the year, Nauman received interest income of Rs. 510,000 on his investments in defence
savings certificates. The amount was net of withholding income tax at the rate of 15% and Zakat of
Rs. 200,000 was deducted under the Zakat and Usher Ordinance, 1980.

(ii) On 1 October 2022, Nauman received advance rent of Rs. 1,200,000 for 12 months for renting

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Tax Practices

office premises. This amount includes Rs. 400,000 for utilities, cleaning and security. During the
tax year 2023, Nauman incurred following expenditures in relation to the premises:

Rupees
Repair and maintenance 70,000
Insurance premium 50,000
Administration and collection charges of rent 30,000
Utility, cleaning and security 250,000
Required:
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and Rules made thereunder, compute total
income and taxable income of Nauman for the tax year 2023. Show all relevant exemptions, exclusions
and disallowances.

74 MS. AYESHA
Following information pertains to Ms. Ayesha for the tax year 2023:

Rs. in million
Income from non-speculation business 15.0
Income from property 3.0
Gain on sale of jewellery 2.5
Gain on sale of listed securities 4.0
Loss from speculation business (4.5)
Loss on sale of shares of a private company (3.6)
Loss on sale of antique (1.6)
Loss on sale of listed securities (6.0)
Loss from agriculture (8.0)
Loss from other sources (19.0)
Required:
Under the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001, discuss how the above losses can be set off against her
aforesaid incomes. Also discuss the amount of losses that can be carried forward for adjustment against
her future incomes.

75 BASIT
For the purpose of this question, assume that the date today is 31 August 2023.

Basit, a senior manager at Master Limited (ML), resigned on 31 January 2023 after completion of
three and a half year of service. During the tax year 2023, he received the following emoluments from
ML:

(i) Salary of Rs. 610,000 per month.

(ii) Allowance of Rs. 60,000 per month for services of domestic servant. Out of which, he paid Rs.
36,000 per month in respect of these services.

(iii) Allowance equal to 5% of salary solely expended in the performance of his duties of employment.

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

Additional information:

(i) On 1 July 2022, he leased a car having fair market value of Rs. 4,800,000 at a monthly rental
of Rs. 120,000. He pays lease rentals from his own sources but has used this vehicle for both
official and personal purposes.

(ii) On 1 July 2022, 13000 shares of ML were allotted to Basit under an employee share scheme,
against the payment of Rs. 30 per share. According to the scheme, he was not allowed to sell
/ transfer the shares upto 31 December 2022. On 31 May 2023, he sold 5000 shares of ML at
its fair market value (FMV). FMV of each share on different dates are as follows:

1 July 2022 31 December 2022 31 May 2023

Rs. 50 Rs. 90 Rs. 80

(iii) On 15 February 2023, he received the following payments from ML as final settlement:

 Rs. 320,000 on account of leave encashment.

 Rs. 2,200,000 under gratuity scheme approved by the board.

 Rs. 700,000 salary arrears related to tax year 2022.

(iv) Withholding tax deducted by ML from Basit’s salary during the tax year 2023 amounted to
Rs.1,400,000.

Other information:

(i) On 31 January 2023, he received gold worth Rs. 200,000 as a gift from his old friend.

(ii) On 1 February 2023, he purchased mutual fund units of Rs. 2,500,000.

(iii) On 1 April 2023, he left for United Kingdom and joined Oliver Limited (OL) as an employee at
a monthly salary of GBP 3,200. He remained abroad till end of the tax year 2023. No withholding
tax was deducted by OL from his salary.

(iv) While residing in UK, Basit served as a visiting faculty member at a University. He earned GBP
1,500 from the university and incurred an expenditure of GBP 500 for providing services at the
university. Withholding tax deducted by the university
amounted to GBP 225.

(v) Average exchange rate during 1 April 2023 to 30 June 2023 was GBP 1 = Rs. 250.

Required:
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and Rules made thereunder:
(a) compute the total income, taxable income and net tax payable by or refundable to Basit for the
tax year 2023. (Show all relevant exemptions, exclusions and disallowances)
(b) what other option is available to Basit for the taxation of salary arrears of Rs. 700,000 received
from ML as part of final settlement. (Revised computation is not required)
(c) identify the additional statement that Basit needs to file in respect of his foreign source income.
Also briefly discuss the particulars to be mentioned in the additional statement.

76 MUSHTAQ
Mushtaq is a sole proprietor of Mushtaq Enterprises (ME) engaged in the business of manufacturing of
different products. ME’s profit and loss account shows profit before taxation of Rs. 1.8 million for the year
ended 30 June 2023. A review of ME’s records has revealed the following information.

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Tax Practices

(i) ME employs five salesmen. Rs. 22,000 per month were paid to each salesman in cash which
includes reimbursement of Rs. 6,000 per month incurred on entertainment of customers at the
business premises.
(ii) Administrative expenses include Rs. 150,000 which were paid to a research institute in China for
the purpose of developing a new product.
(iii) Accounting loss on the sale of patents was Rs. 65,000. The tax written down value of these
patents at the beginning of the year was Rs. 430,000 and these were sold for Rs. 524,000.
Amortization charged to the profit and loss account on these patents for the current year was
Rs. 25,000.
(iv) Receivables from Atif and Aslam which had been written off in the previous year were recovered.
Details are as follows:
Atif Aslam
------ Rupees ------
Claimed bad debts in last tax return 800,000 1,200,000
Allowed by tax authorities last year 550,000 600,000
Amount recovered during the year 700,000 400,000
(v) ME has opened a sales office in Dubai. In this respect, furniture costing Rs. 850,000 with written
down value (WDV) of Rs. 650,000 was shifted to Dubai office. The tax WDV of the furniture at
the beginning of the year was Rs. 610,000.
(vi) Accounting depreciation for the year is Rs. 580,450. However, no depreciation has been provided
on the following fixed assets purchased on 1 March 2023:
Rupees
Furniture 200,000
Used machinery imported from Germany 500,000
(vii) Tax depreciation for the year, prior to the adjustments mentioned in (vi) above, amounted to
Rs.456,400.
(viii) Advance tax paid u/s 147 was Rs. 200,000.
(ix) The assessed business losses of tax year 2016, brought forward in year 2023 are Rs. 830,000.
These include unabsorbed tax depreciation amounting to Rs. 705,000.
Other transaction of Mushtaq
On 1 June 2023, he sold 6,000 shares for Rs. 432,000 out of 15,000 shares which he received on 1 May
2019, on the death of his father. The cost of shares to his father was Rs. 25 per share.
Required:
Under the provisions of Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and rules made thereunder, compute taxable
income and net tax payable by or refundable to Mushtaq for the year ended 30 June 2023.

77 WAJAHAT
Wajahat, aged 48 years, is a marketing manager in Nayaab (Pvt.) Limited (NPL), a company engaged in
the manufacture and supply of tissue papers. The details of his monthly emoluments during the year
ended 30 June 2023 are as under:

Rupees
Basic salary 70,000
Dearness allowance 10,000
Conveyance allowance 8,000

In addition to the above, Wajahat was also provided the following:

(i) Provident fund (PF) contribution of Rs.8,400 per month.An equal amount per month was contributed
by Wajahat to the fund. Interest income of Rs. 391,000 at the rate of 20% of accumulated balance
of PF was credited to his PF account.

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

(ii) Reimbursement of electricity bills during the year amounting to Rs. 60,000.
Following further information is also available:
(i) Wajahat received net dividend of Rs. 78,200 from BEE Limited, a company listed on Pakistan Stock
Exchange Limited. Withholding tax and zakat deducted from dividend amounted to Rs.9,200 and
Rs. 4,600 respectively. He also received dividend of Rs. 65,000 from a company in U.A.E through
normal banking channels. However, no tax was withheld either in Pakistan or U.A.E.
(ii) Wajahat contributed Rs. 890,000 in an approved pension fund under the Voluntary Pension System
Rules, 2005.
(iii) On 1 September 2022, Wajahat started a tuition centre for the students of finance in a posh locality.
He received tuition fees of Rs. 2,198,000 and incurred following expenses:
Monthly salary of Rs. 50,000 paid to himself and Rs. 35,000 to his friend Yousuf who taught financial
accounting at the centre.
Travelling, boarding and lodging expenses of Rs. 300,000. These expenses were incurred by Wajahat in
Sri Lanka for attending teachers training workshop.
(iv) Rs. 250,000 against purchase of used computers for the centre.
(v) Other miscellaneous expenses amounting to Rs. 195,000.
(vi) Wajahat’s total taxable income during the previous tax year was Rs. 1,850,000.
Required:
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and Rules made thereunder, compute thetotal
income, taxable income and net tax payable by/refundable to Wajahat during the tax year 2023.
Note: Show all relevant exemptions, exclusions and disallowances. Tax rates are given on the last page.
CHAPTER 12 – TAXATION OF ASSOCIATION OF PERSONS (AOP)
78 AB ASSOCIATES (AOP)
AB Associates is an AOP (a registered firm) having 2 partners A and B sharing profit and loss in the ratio
of 60:40, respectively. Profit and loss account for the tax year 2023 is as under:
Sales (without tax deduction) 2,000,000
Less: Cost of sales
Purchases 850,000
Salary to production manager 120,000
Depreciation 180,000
Other manufacturing expenses 150,000 (1,300,000)
Gross profit 700,000
Less: Salary to partner A 80,000
Commission to partner B 10,000
Rent of business premises to partner A 240,000
Depreciation on owned assets 20,000
Depreciation on assets subject to finance lease 15,000
Financial charges on leased assets 2,500
Advertisement 8,500
Provision for doubtful debts 10,000
Expense on scientific research 15,000
Other expenses 30,000 (431,000)
Net profit 269,000

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Tax Practices

Additional information
(a) Salary to production manager consists of:

Basic salary 60,000

Bonus 10,000
House rent allowance 27,000
Overtime 5,000
Utility allowance 18,000
120,000

(b) Lease rentals for the year Rs.18,000

(c) Information for tax depreciation purposes is:

Opening tax WDV of Sale

Purchases
WDV Disposal Proceed

Plant and machinery 250,000 80,000 90,000 40,000

Vehicles 400,000 1,300,000

(one car)

Furniture and fixtures 80,000 10,000 7,500 7,000

Purchased plant and machinery is eligible for initial allowance.

(d) Other expenses represent the following:

Loss on disposal of fixed assets 13,000

Miscellaneous expenses 40,000
Interest expense on loan utilized for purchase of fixed assets 5,000
Residential telephone bills of partner A 5,000
Bad debts recovered (33,000)
30,000

Bad debts recovered were disallowed by the tax department in the previous year when it was
claimed as bad debt expense.
(e) Analysis of the liabilities reveals that the following amounts are outstanding for more than 3 years:

Liability against purchases 80,000

Bank Loan 200,000
Interest on the above bank loan 40,000
Advance from customers 60,000

(f) Mr.A claimed property related expenses of Rs.56,000 including actual repairs expense of Rs.16,000.

Required:
Calculate taxable income of AOP, share of profit of each partner and tax payable by Mr. A for the tax year
2023.

79 AB & CO.
AB & Co. is a registered firm; having 2 partners viz; A and B, sharing profit and loss equally. The net profit
of the firm for the tax year 2023 was Rs.600,000 after accounting for the following disbursements to
partners:

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

A B
Rs. Rs.
(a) Salary per month 50,000 25,000
(b) Monthly house rent 20,000 10,000
(c) Hotel bills 5,000 5,000

Other information relating to accounts is as under:

(i) Commission of Rs.50,000 paid to a non-resident on which tax was not deducted at source.
(ii) A vehicle was sold for Rs.1,200,000. WDV as per books was Rs.800,000 but as per tax records, it
was Rs.600,000.
(iii) Manager of the firm has been paid basic salary of Rs.20,000 p.m, conveyance allowance of
Rs.5,000 and house rent allowance of Rs.10,000 p.m.
(iv) Partners have declared the following income from their own sources:

A B
Rs. Rs.
Dividend from companies 40,000 20,000
Gain on public listed companies' shares 200,000 150,000
holding period more than a year but less than
two years.

Required:
(i) Compute the taxable and divisible income of the firm.
(ii) Work-out the taxable income of each partner.
(iii) Compute tax liability of each partner

80 MS. HAMEEDA & MS. KASHMALA

(a) In May 2023, Ms.Hameeda sold certain personal assets at the following prices:
Rupees
Plot in DHA Karachi 10,000,000
Paintings 2,000,000
Jewellery 5,000,000
Additional information:
(i) Plot in DHA Karachi was inherited by her from her father in May 2012. It was purchased by
her father for Rs. 4,000,000 and market value at the time of inheritance was Rs. 5,000,000.
(ii) Paintings were inherited from her mother in July 2017. These paintings were purchased by
her mother for Rs. 2,350,000 and market value at the time of inheritance was Rs.4,000,000.
(iii) Jewellery costing Rs. 3,000,000 was purchased and gifted to her by her husband in March
2015.
Required:
Discuss the taxability of Ms.Hameeda in respect of the above gains/ losses on sale of assets in the
context of Income Tax Ordinance, 2001.
(b) On 1 July 2021, Ms. Kashmala and Ms.Shumaila formed an Association of Persons (AOP) with the
objective of providing information technology support services to corporate clients. They
contributed Rs. 1.2 million and Rs. 0.8 million respectively in their capital accounts and agreed to
share profits and losses in the ratio of their capitals.

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Tax Practices

For the year ended 30 June 2022, business loss and unabsorbed depreciation of Rs. 0.4 million
and Rs. 0.3 million respectively were assessed and carried forward. The total turnover of the AOP
in 2022 was Rs. 40 million.
During the year ended 30 June 2023, the AOP incurred a net loss of Rs. 0.8 million on a turnover
of Rs. 50 million. The loss for the year was arrived after adjustment of the following:
(i) Salaries amounting to Rs. 0.5 million and Rs. 0.3 million were paid to Ms.Kashmala and
Ms.Shumaila respectively.
(ii) Accounting depreciation on office assets amounted to Rs. 0.3 million.
(iii) The taxes withheld by the clients, for the year ended 30 June 2023 amounted to Rs. 0.55
million. AOP is entitled to claim tax depreciation of Rs. 0.25 million in respect of the office
assets.
Required:
Calculate the taxable income, net tax payable and unabsorbed losses (including unabsorbed
depreciation), if any, to be carried forward by the AOP for the year ended 30 June 2023. Ignore
any working of minimum tax.

81 T & H ENTERPRISES
T & H Enterprises is a registered firm comprising of two equal members named Mr.Tariq and Mr.Hamid.
During the tax year 2023 the partners, besides their shares in the firm, sustained losses from the sources
given below:
Mr.Tariq Rupees
(a) Income accrued abroad but not remitted to Pakistan 72,000
(b) Share of a loss from another association of person 5,000
(c) Zakat paid 26,500
Mr.Hamid
(a) Speculation loss 25,000
(b) Profit on sale of car 13,000
(c) Income tax refund 5,000
(d) Zakat paid 14,000
The profit and loss account of the registered firm for the year shows the following position:
Rs. Rs.
Salaries 300,000 Gross profit b/d 480,000
Office maintenance 5,000 Dividend from public co. 250,000
Repairs 38,000
Provision for bad debts 14,000
Income tax paid for last year 5,000
Legal expenses 15,000
Commission to Tariq 16,000
Premium of life policies of
Partners 5,000
Depreciation 34,000
Net profit:
Mr.Tariq 149,000
Mr.Hamid 149,000 298,000
730,000 730,000
Notes
(i) Mr.Tariq and Mr.Hamid are paid Rs.45,000 and Rs.55,000 respectively as salary. This is included
in total salary expense.

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

(ii) Repairs include Rs.18,000 being cost of a typewriter.

(iii) Legal expenses include Rs.6,000 on which no tax deducted.
(iv) Tax depreciation excluding typewriter Rs.14,000.
Required:
(a) The taxable income of the firm and taxes payable by it for the tax year 2023.
(b) The taxable income of each member and tax thereon for the tax year 2023.

82 MR. SOHAIL, MR. KHALED AND MR. QAZI

Mr.Sohail, Mr.Khaled and Mr.Qazi are members of an association of persons (AOP) and share profit and
loss in the ratio of 2:2:1. The principal activity of the AOP is trading of rice and wheat. Following are the
details of the annual income / (loss) of the AOP and its members:
(i) The AOP suffered loss before tax amounting to Rs. 1,500,000. The loss has been arrived at after
adjusting rental income earned by the AOP, the details of which are as follows:
Rupees
Rental income 2,000,000
Related expenses:
Property tax 40,000
Depreciation 457,500 497,500
Net rental income 1,502,500

No tax was withheld on the rental income.

(ii) The expenses debited to profit and loss account include the following amounts paid to the members
of the AOP:
Mr.Sohail Mr.Khaled Mr.Qazi
Salary (Rs.) 900,000 600,000 -
Interest on capital (Rs.) 300,000 300,000 500,000
(iii) Mr.Sohail earned Rs. 800,000 from another business, of which he is the sole proprietor.
(iv) Mr.Khaled received an amount of Rs. 255,000 as share of income before tax, from another AOP
where he is entitled to 40% of the total profit. The tax on annual income of that AOP amounted to
Rs. 112,500. He also earned income of Rs. 900,000 from a sole proprietorship concern owned by
him.
(v) Mr.Qazi works as a freelance IT Consultant and provides consultancy services to corporate clients.
He received Rs.1,000,000 from his clients. The total expenses incurred in providing the
consultancy services amounted to Rs. 150,000.
Required:
Assuming that the above data pertains to the tax year 2023, compute the taxable income of the AOP and
each of its members. Ignore any minimum tax computation.

83 DAWOOD AND DEWAN

On 1 June 2022 Dawood and Dewan jointly purchased a bungalow for Rs. 35 million. They paid the
amount in the ratio of 65:35 respectively. To arrange funds for the deal, Dawood borrowed Rs. 3,000,000
in cash from Shameem who is in the business of lending money. The rate of interest is agreed @ 20%
per annum.
On 1 July 2022, the house was let out to a company at annual rent of Rs. 4,500,000 inclusive of an
amount of Rs. 75,000 per month for utilities, cleaning and security. For providing these services Dawood
and Dewan paid Rs. 35,000 per month. During the tax year 2023, they also paid Rs. 10,000 as collection
charges and Rs. 230,000 for administering the property.
Required:
Compute taxable income of Dawood and Dewan under appropriate heads of income for the tax year
2023.

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Tax Practices

84 BAQIR, ASAD AND RAHIL

Baqir, Asad and Rahi are members of an association of persons (BAR) and share profits and losses in
the ratio of 5:3:2 respectively. BAR is engaged in the business of trading consumer electronics and has
two independent branches one each in Tehran and Dubai. Following information has been extracted from
BAR’s profit and loss account for the year ended.
Rupees
Sales 30,000,000
Cost of sales (20,500,000)
Gross profit 9,500,000
Administrative and selling expenses (4,732,000)
Financial charges (980,000)
Other income 1,700,000
Profit before taxation 5,488,000

Additional information:
Cost of sales includes:
(i) Closing stock which has been valued at net realizable value of Rs. 1,820,000. The cost of closing
stock under absorption costing was Rs. 1,950,000.
(ii) Provision of Rs. 75,000 against slow moving stores and spares.
(ii) Freight charges of Rs. 160,000. These were paid in cash to Momin Goods Transport for transporting
goods to customers in Multan.
Administrative and selling expenses include:
(i) Commission of Rs. 290,000 paid to Baqir, annual performance award of Rs. 310,000 paid to Rahi
and Rs. 455,000 paid to AB Bank Limited in final settlement of a loan obtained by Asad for the
construction of his house in Muree.
(ii) Provision for bad debts of Rs.735,000. The opening and closing balances of provision for bad debts
amounted to Rs. 1,100,000 and Rs.1,435,000 respectively. Bad debts written off include a loan of
Rs. 280,000 provided to a supplier.
(iii) Sales promotion expenses of Rs. 275,000. These expenses were paid by Rahi through his personal
credit card.
(iv) Rs. 86,000 paid to an institution operated by Federal Government for the training of industrial
workers in Punjab.
Further information:
For the year ended 31 December 2022, Dubai branch made a profit of Rs. 1,500,000 and Tehran branch
made a loss of Rs. 1,800,000. These figures are not included in the above profit and loss account.
Required:
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and Rules made thereunder, compute the
taxable income, net tax payable by BAR and the amount to be carried forward, if any, for tax year 2023.
Assume tax and accounting depreciation are same.
Note:
Your computation should commence with the profit before tax figure of Rs. 5,488,000.
Show all relevant exemptions, exclusions and disallowances.

85 FARHAN AND IMRAN

Farhan and Imran jointly own a building in Quetta. The building has been rented out to a company. Discus
the tax treatment of income from such property.

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86 M/S FARHAN, KAMRAN AND REHAN

Farhan, Kamran and Rehan are members of an association of persons (AOP) and share its profit and
loss in the ratio of 2:2:1 respectively.
Following information is available with regard to AOP and its members for the tax year 2023:
(i) During the year, AOP earned a profit before tax of Rs. 2,000,000 after making following payment
to its members:

--------------------- Rupees ---------------------

Farhan Kamran Rehan

Salary 1,000,000 800,000 600,000

Interest on capital 500,000 400,000 300,000

(ii) Kamran is running a business as a sole proprietor from which he earned Rs. 800,000. Kamran is
also a member of another AOP where his share of profit or loss is 60%. During the year, the other
AOP incurred a loss after tax of Rs. 350,000 and paid Rs. 150,000 on account of income tax.
(iii) Rehan received net dividend of Rs. 102,000 from a listed company after deduction of withholding
tax @ 15%.
(iv) Farhan has no other source of income.

Required:
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 compute taxable income and tax liability of AOP
and each of its members for the tax year 2023.
87 KAMKAJ & CO.
Kamkaj & Co. is an association of persons (AOP) with three members namely Baqir, Omer and
Sadabahar (Pvt.) Limited (SPL), sharing profit and loss in the ratio of 20:30:50 respectively.
Following information is available with regard to AOP and its members for the tax years 2022 and 2023:

(i) AOP’s income for tax years 2022 and 2023:

2022 2023
---------- Rupees -----------
Income from business* (18,000,000) 25,000,000
Dividend income - 4,000,000
*Net of annual fixed commission of Rs. 7,000,000 to SPL

(ii) On 1 February 2023, Baqir earned capital gain of Rs. 5,200,000 on sale of his property which
was purchased on 1 January 2020.

(iii) Omer also operates a sole proprietor business from which he earned profits of Rs. 6,000,000
and Rs. 2,500,000 in tax years 2022 and 2023 respectively.

Required:
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 compute the following for the tax years 2022
and 2023:
 Taxable income of AOP

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Tax Practices

 Taxable income and tax liability of Baqir and Omer

Note: – Show all relevant exemptions, exclusions and disallowances.
– Tax rates for tax year 2022 are the same as tax year 2023.
– Ignore minimum tax under section 113.

88 AAKASH KUMAR
For the purpose of this question, assume that the date today is 31 August 2023.
Aakash Kumar owns an industrial undertaking under the name and style of Premjee & Co. (PJC) which
is engaged in the business of manufacturing fast moving consumer goods. Following information is
available from PJC’s records for the year ended 30 June 2023:
(i) Loss before tax for the year was Rs. 87 million.
(ii) Operating expenses include:
 a penalty of Rs. 2 million for late delivery of goods to a customer.
 commission of Rs. 2.5 million which was paid to a distributor, Liaquat Bashir, on sale of
PJC’s products of Rs. 50 million. These products are covered in the Third Schedule of the
Sales Tax Act, 1990. Name of Liaquat Bashir is not appearing in the active taxpayers’ list
under the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001.
 freight charges of Rs. 1.2 million which were paid in cash to a freight forwarding company in
Karachi.
 accounting depreciation of Rs. 40 million.
(iii) Other income includes:
 
an insurance claim of Rs. 6 million, equivalent to accounting book value, received on 8
November 2022 in respect of a vehicle which was completely destroyed by fire. The cost
and fair market value of the vehicle before fire incident were Rs. 10 million and Rs. 8 million
respectively. This vehicle was purchased on 1 October 2020.
 
amounts recovered during the year from two debtors i.e. Shameem and Faheem. These
amounts had been written off in the last year. Details are as follows:

Shameem Faheem

---- Rs. in million ----

Bad debts claimed in the last tax return 19.2 28.8

Bad debts allowed by tax authorities last year 13.2 14.8

Amounts recovered during the year 16.8 10.6

 
rent of Rs. 21.6 million. On 1 July 2022, Aakash leased one of its factory buildings alongwith
the plant to Kamran at a monthly rent of Rs. 1.8 million, payable in advance. The building
was purchased for Rs. 85 million on 16 August 2020 whereas a second hand locally
purchased plant was installed at a cost of Rs. 34 million on 1 July 2022. During the year,
Aakash incurred Rs. 3.2 million on repair and maintenance of the factory building.
(iv) PJC’s liabilities include amounts of Rs. 14 million and Rs. 17 million in respect of purchases made
on 18 March 2020 and 1 August 2020 respectively. These purchases were allowed as admissible
deductions while computing income from business in their relevant tax years.
(v) During the year, outstanding financial charges of Rs. 2.8 million were waived by the bank on
rescheduling the loan. These charges were claimed as admissible deduction in the tax year 2021.
(vi) Tax depreciation for the year on all fixed assets, other than factory building and plant which were
leased out to Kamran, amounted to Rs. 48 million.

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

Other information:
(i) On 15 August 2021, Aakash entered into a derivative contract for the purchase of gold. The
contract was to be expired on 15 November 2022. Aakash sold the contract before the settlement
date and earned a net gain of Rs. 23 million on the contract.
(ii) On 30 June 2023, Aakash earned capital gains of:
 Rs. 20 million on sale of his immovable property which was purchased on 1 June 2020.
 
Rs. 3.6 million on sale of shares in a private company. These were acquired on 1 June 2022.
(iii) During the year, Aakash received his share of profit from an AOP of Rs. 70 million.

Required:

Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and Rules made thereunder, compute total
income, taxable income and net income tax payable by or refundable to Aakash for the tax year 2023.
Note:  Ignore minimum tax under section 113.
 Show all relevant exemptions, exclusions and disallowances.

CHAPTER 13 – FOREIGN SOURCE INCOME OF RESIDENT PERSON

89 MS. MARGARET
(a) State the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 with regards to the residential status of
individuals and companies.
(b) Ms.Margaret, a German national was employed as a Technical Manager of Faiza Chemicals
Limited, a resident company, on 1 October 2020 for a term of three years. Under the terms of
employment, she was allowed to deliver lectures at various professional organizations. During tax
year 2023, she conducted three workshop sessions, the details of which are as follows:
 Workshop Session in Lahore: A fee of US$ 15,000 in equivalent Pak Rupees was received
from a local event manager. The fee was credited to her bank account maintained in Karachi.
 Workshop Session in Munich: A fee of US$ 25,000 was received in Germany in her Munich
bank account.
 Workshop Session in Dubai: A fee of US$ 20,000 was remitted to her bank account in
Karachi.

Required:
(i) Discuss the taxability of the amounts received by Margaret for conducting the workshop sessions
during tax year 2023.
(ii) Explain the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 pertaining to foreign tax credit available
to a resident taxpayer.

CHAPTER 14 – RETURNS
90 MR. SAMI
Mr. Sami has recently received a notice from the Commissioner of income tax to file return of income for
the tax years 2016 and 2017 within 20 days following the end of tax year 2023. In your capacity as a tax
consultant, advise Mr. Sami on the following issues along with appropriate explanations.
Required:
(i) Is the Commissioner justified in issuing the above notice?
(ii) If Mr. Sami is not in a position to meet the deadline for filing the returns, can he get an extension?

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91 MR. ZAHID
Zahid, the sole proprietor of FG and company, is a resident individual and is in the process of filing his
wealth statement for the tax year 2023. The relevant information is as under:
(i) Assets and liabilities disclosed in the wealth statement for the tax year 2022 were as follows:

Assets Rupees
Agriculture land in Hyderabad 5,000,000
Residential property in DHA Karachi 3,000,000
Investment in shares of listed companies 1,100,000
Business capital – FG & Co. 4,000,000
Motor vehicle 1,540,000
Cash at bank 600,000
Cash in hand 300,000
15,540,000
Liabilities
Bank loan (1,500,000)
Net assets 14,040,000

(ii) Details relating to FG & Co. are as follows:

Income from business for the tax year 2023 2,540,000

Drawings during the year 450,000

(iii) Balance of cash in hand and at bank, as on 30 June 2023 amounted to Rs. 157,500
(iv) Transactions carried out by Zahid during the year were as follows:
 Paid an advance of Rs. 1,000,000 against purchase of a bungalow for Rs. 10,000,000.
 Sold shares of a listed company for Rs. 350,000. The shares were purchased on 1 May 2023
for Rs. 50,000. Capital gain tax collected by NCCPL amounted to Rs. 37,500.
 Gifted shares of a listed company to his brother. The shares were purchased by Zahid in
2018 at a cost of Rs. 100,000 whereas market value of the shares at the time of gift was Rs.
150,000.
 Paid Rs. 200,000 towards principal amount of the bank loan.
 Personal expenses amounted to Rs. 2,075,000.
 Net receipts against agricultural income amounted to Rs. 2,500,000.
Required:
Prepare Zahid’s wealth statement and wealth reconciliation statement for the tax year 2023.
92 FOREIGN INCOME AND ASSETS STATEMENT
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and Rules made there under, discuss who is
required to file the foreign income and assets statement? Also state the particulars to be included in
such statement.

93 MUKHTAR
Mukhtar, a resident individual, is in process of finalization of his wealth statement for the tax year 2023.
He has provided you the following information:

(i) During the tax year 2023, Mukhtar received share of profit of Rs. 1,400,000 from an AOP. As on
30 June 2022, his total investment in the AOP was Rs. 5,300,000. He was also provided a car
worth Rs. 2,500,000 by the AOP for office use only.

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

(ii) In 2016, he had purchased 10 tola gold for Rs. 500,000. At 30 June 2023, the market value of the
gold was Rs. 107,000 per tola.
(iii) During the tax year 2023, he sold his personal car for Rs. 1,876,000. The car was purchased in
2021 for Rs. 1,700,000.
(iv) During the tax year 2023, he paid Rs. 600,000 against outstanding interest free loan of Rs.
1,000,000. The loan was obtained in tax year 2022.

Required:
Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 advise Mukhtar that how the above matters
would be dealt with in his wealth statement and its reconciliation for the tax year 2023.

94 ANNUAL INCOME TAX RETURN

Aoun has discovered an error in his annual income tax return which was submitted on the due date.
Now he intends to file a revised return voluntarily.

Required:
Under the provisions of Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 state the conditions which Aoun must comply
with for filing valid revised return.

95 RIAASAT LIMITED (RL) - I

Riaasat Limited (RL) is a manufacturing company. With effect from 1 July 2023, RL is considering to
change its tax year from the normal to the special tax year ending on 31 December.

Required:
Identify the due/last date of filing of RL’s tax return in respect of the following:

 Filing of tax return for the year ended 30 June 2023.

 Filing of tax return for the transitional period.
 Filing of first tax return for the special tax year.

CHAPTER 15 – ASSESSMENT AND AUDIT

96 CHANDI ENTERPRISES
After completion of the audit of tax year 2023 Chandi Enterprise (CE), an AOP under the Income Tax
Ordinance, 2001, the Commissioner has ordered the following amendments in the income tax return filed
by CE.
i. Payment of minimum tax at the rate of 1.25% on its total turnover of Rs. 45 million.
ii. Disallowance of the following expenditures:
 Rs. 27,000 spent on annual Eid-Milan party arranged by the firm for its employees and their
families.
 Penalty for late delivery amounting to Rs. 60,000 which had to be paid to a client on account
of negligence on the part of the shipment manager.
 Donation of Rs. 150,000 paid to the National Institute of Cardio Vascular Diseases (NICVD),
established by the Federal Government.
 Salary of Rs. 850,000 paid to the Managing Director, who is also a partner in the firm.
Required:
Comment on the above amendments ordered by the Commissioner, in the light of Income Tax
Ordinance, 2001.

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97 PLASMA PAKISTAN (PVT.) LIMITED (PPL)

Plasma Pakistan (Pvt.) Limited (PPL) is engaged in the manufacture and sale of pharmaceutical products.
During 2023, it started a new business related to aerated water. After scrutiny of the tax return filed by
the company for the tax year 2023, the Commissioner Inland Revenue has issued a notice under section
122(5A) in which he has raised the following issues:
(i) The parent company reimbursed 60% of the expenses, incurred by PPL in 2023, on marketing a
new product exported to Germany. The commissioner wants to add the recouped expenditure to
the taxable income of the company.
(ii) Expenses incurred under the account head “travel fare” aggregating to Rs. 500,000 were paid in
cash and should be added back.
(iii) The commissioner wants to disallow an expense of Rs. 90.0 million, incurred by PPL on the
promotion of a vaccine which is expected to generate revenue for three years.
Required:

With reference to the provisions of Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 advise the management about the tax
implications in each of the above situations.

98 BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS
Explain the requirements of books of account to be maintained by a taxpayer who has business income
upto Rs. 500,000.

99 SPECIAL AUDIT PANEL

Explain the provisions regarding Special Audit Panel.

100 CONCEALED ASSET

Under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 and Rules made there under, discuss the
concept of ‘Concealed asset’ and state the powers of the Commissioner relating to concealed asset of
any person when it is impounded by the Federal Government.

101 SECTORAL BENCHMARK RATIOS

Briefly explain the term ‘Sectoral benchmark ratios’. Also, explain the circumstances in which a
Commissioner shall determine taxable income on the basis of sectoral benchmark ratios.

102 RIAASAT LIMITED (RL) - II

Assume that RL has changed its tax year from normal to special and filed its tax returns for relevant tax
years, as discussed in (b)(i) above.
Required:

Identify the due/last date of amendment of assessment related to:

 normal tax year for the year ended 30 June 2023.

 first special tax year.

CHAPTER 16 – APPEAL
103 MS. ZUBAIDA
Ms.Zubaida has been operating a business as a Wedding Event Planner for past 12 years. She had filed
her complete return for the tax year 2016 on 20 August 2016. On 1 September 2022, Commissioner
Inland Revenue (CIR) served a Show Cause Notice, requiring her to explain certain receipts which were
credited to her account during the tax year 2016.

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Ms.Zubaida is uncertain as to whether CIR is empowered to issue such a notice after a lapse of so many
years.
Required:

Advise Ms.Zubaida about the validity of the Show Cause Notice issued by CIR under the Income Tax
Ordinance, 2001.

CHAPTER 17 – SCOPE OF SALES TAX

104 RAVI LIMITED
Ravi Ltd. is engaged in the manufacture and sale of fertilizers. It has recently set up a cogeneration plant
for the generation of electrical energy from oil and fuel to be used in the factory. Further the Company
has also purchased a boiler for use in the cogeneration plant. You are the tax advisor of the Company.
Required:

Write a letter to the Finance Director explaining the sales tax implication of the above transaction.

105 REGISTRATION
(a) Mr. A has recently started his business as a General Order Supplier. His primary task is to provide
the products to the ultimate customer at his door step. He supplied the Shoes worth Rs. 35,000 to
M/s Shoukat Khanum Memorial Hospital and Research Centre during the year 2023 for their
security staff. The hospital has deducted income tax amounting to Rs.1,225 under section 153 of
the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001.
(b) Mr. B opened a shoe shop and his sales during the year were Rs. 5,500,000. He made his
purchases from M/s AGK Distributors.
(c) Mr. C is working for the Service Industries Ltd. He is engaged in the project shoe sales. During the
year, he forwarded orders worth Rs. 25,000,000 to the company. The company directly made the
deliveries according to the orders and paid his commission (@ 5%) amounting to Rs.1,250,000.
(d) Mr. D is running a shoe showroom. He has made sale of shoes of Service Industries worth Rs.
7,500,000. During the year, Mr. D also purchased leather from the market and get it manufactured
from the small shoe makers. The sale proceeds from the said produced goods were Rs. 5,500,000.
(e) Mr. E is running a hotel. In the first year, his sole income was from the hiring of room and his gross
receipts aggregates to Rs. 6,000,000 during the year.
Required:

State whether the above persons are required to be registered under the sales tax laws. If yes, then in
which category (manufacturer, retailer, etc.) and in which scheme of taxation (registration, services etc.)

106 MANUFACTURERS
Please state whether or not the following persons are required to be registered under the Sales Tax Act,
1990:
4
(i) Manufacturer with taxable turnover of Rs.1,000,000;
(ii) Manufacturer with taxable turnover of Rs.5,000,000; and
(iii) Manufacturer with total turnover of Rs.7,000,000 including taxable turnover of Rs.4,500,000.

107 MR. FURQAN

Mr.Furqan intended to commence a manufacturing business and obtained the sales tax registration in
November 2022. Due to unavoidable circumstances, he could not start his business as stipulated. No

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sales tax returns were filed since he did not carry on any taxable activity. In April 2023, he received a
notice from the department of Inland Revenue directing him to furnish the return by May 15, 2023.
Required:
Advise Mr.Furqan as regards the following:
(i) Whether he is required to file the sales tax return and the consequences, if any, for non-filing of
such return under the Sales Tax Act, 1990.
(ii) Various reasons on account of which he may be liable for de-registration from sales tax. Also state
briefly, the procedure for de-registration as enumerated under the Sales Tax Rules, 2006.

108 MANUFACTURER
Identify the persons who are considered as manufacturers under the Sales Tax Act, 1990.

109 MR. SHOAIB

Under the provisions of the Sales Tax Act, 1990 and Rules made there under, discuss the following:
(i) Difference between zero rated supplies and exempt supplies.
(ii) How and under what circumstances the Inland Revenue Department may recover the amount of
sales tax from a person without issuing him a show cause notice.
(iii) Concept of provisional and final adjustments in relation to ‘Apportionment of input tax’.

110 TEMPORARY SALE TAX REGISTRATION

(a) In the light of the provisions of Sales Tax Act, 1990 and Rules made thereunder, briefly explain as to
the chargeability/adjustment of sales tax in respect of each of the following independent matters:
(i) Free provision of taxable goods to the company’s CEO as per the terms of his employment.
(ii) Free replacement of defective parts in the case of taxable goods, sold under warranty.
(iii) Payment of machine fuel by one of the directors using his own credit card. The machine is
used to manufacture taxable goods.
(iv) Taxable goods sold on instalment to a customer at a price inclusive of mark up.
(v) Advance payment received against taxable goods to be supplied to a registered person in next
month.
(vi) Local supplies of goods manufactured by a cottage industry.
(vii) Material purchased for the construction of office building.
(viii) Electronic cash register purchased for retail outlet.
(b) Under the Sales Tax Act, 1990 and Rules made thereunder, briefly describe temporary sale tax
registration. Also state the rights, obligations and responsibilities of a person holding temporary
registration.

111 VALUE OF SUPPLY

Following are the independent transactions carried out by different enterprises during the month of
February 2023:
(i) Taxable goods of Rs. 800,000 were sold to one of the dealers. The amount was net of 20% trade
discount which was in accordance with market norms. The discounted price was not shown on the
tax invoice.
(ii) Taxable goods of Rs. 1,500,000 were used for internal testing and evaluation purposes. 40% of
these goods were locally procured while remaining 60% of these goods were own manufactured.
(iii) Advance of Rs. 600,000 was received for goods to be delivered in April 2023.
(iv) 1,000 units of taxable goods listed in the Third Schedule were sold at a unit price of Rs. 5,000. Retail

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price of each unit was Rs. 6,000.

(v) New parts of Rs. 1,200,000 were issued free of cost to replace the defective parts under warranty.
(vi) Taxable goods of Rs. 400,000 were sold at credit terms of 2/10, n/30. Customer paid the amount
within ten days and availed the discount.
Required:

In the light of the provisions of the Sales Tax Act, 1990 and Rules made thereunder, state the value of
supply chargeable to tax for the month of February 2023. Also state the reason for your treatment.

112 SHAJEE LIMITED (SL)

(a) Under the Sales Tax Act, 1990 and Rules made thereunder, briefly discuss the chargeability of
sales tax in case of a retailer.

(b) Shajee Limited (SL) purchases cosmetic products from Tajee (Private) Limited (TPL). In the month
of October 2022, SL received a consignment of 5000 units from TPL. On delivery, SL found that
50% of the items were expired and decided to return them.

Both SL and TPL are registered under the Sales Tax Act, 1990 and file sales tax return on regular
basis.
Required:

Under the Sales Tax Rules, 2006 specify the document which must be issued by SL on return of
goods to TPL. Also state the particulars that should be mentioned on the document to be issued.

CHAPTER 18 – DETERMINATION OF SALES TAX LIABILITY

113 M/S ABC
M/s ABC is engaged in diversified businesses. During the tax period March 2023 , the gross commercial
billing from sale/rendering of services was as under:

Nature of Business Gross billing Discount to dealers/agents

Export of garments manufacturing 1,200,000

Ice Cream 1,000,000 20%

1. The aforesaid billing is on gross basis, however, the firm offers discount to its dealers/agents in
accordance with market norms. It is the policy of the company to raise invoice net of discount to
the dealers.
2. The company paid the following input tax in respect of each business:

Nature of Business Input Tax

Export of garments manufacturing 142,292

Ice cream 75,000

3. The input sales tax on electricity of manufacturing premises was Rs. 75,000 during the tax period.
4. The input tax relating to garments business includes input tax amounting to Rs. 12,292 levied on
the hotel bills of a meeting held with the foreign customers.
Required:

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The management of the company hired your services to know what would be the sales tax liability for
these activities.

114 M/S SAFI ELECTRONICS

M/s Safi Electronics are engaged in manufacturing of electronic goods and are registered under Sales
Tax Act, 1990 as manufacturer-cum-exporter. During the month of March 2023, their sales /purchases
data were recorded as under:
(i) Local purchases Rs.
(a) From registered persons 4,500,000
(b) From Un-registered persons 1,200,000
(ii) Imports (Raw material for own consumption) 2,300,000
(iii) Utility bills(exclusive of GST) (GST Rs 75,000) 500,000
(iv) Sales to registered persons 3,200,000
(v) Sales to un-registered persons 3,600,000
(vi) Exports 3,000,000
Note:
(1) All the above figures are exclusive of sales tax paid or recovered.
(2) The owner also took goods worth Rs. 200,000 for his private use.
(3) Purchases include an invoice of Rs. 100,000 dated 27 February 2023 which was not included in
the sales tax return for February, 2023 due to its late receipt.
(4) Un-adjusted input tax carried forward from last month amounted to Rs. 45,000
Required:
Calculate Sales Tax liability by M/S Safi Electronics for the month of March 2023.

115 ZETA PAKISTAN LIMITED

Zeta Pakistan Limited is principally engaged in the purchase, manufacture and supply of taxable goods
and is registered under the Sales Tax Act, 1990. During the usual course of business, it also carried out
the following transactions during the year:
(i) Use of taxable goods for internal testing, training and evaluation purposes. The goods included
own manufactured as well as locally procured goods.
(ii) Free replacement of faulty parts of goods which had been sold under warranty.
(iii) Destruction of damaged goods.
Required:
Comment on the chargeability of sales tax in the above situations.

116 MR. KALEEM

Mr.Kaleem is registered under the Sales Tax Act, 1990 as a manufacturer as well as a commercial
importer. He has provided you the following information for the month of February 2023:
Rs. in million
Export sales – manufactured goods 30
Local sales of exempt manufactured goods 20
Taxable supplies – manufactured goods 120
Purchases
Local purchases of raw material from:
Registered persons 160
Unregistered persons 50
All the above amounts are exclusive of sales tax.

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Required:
Compute the sales tax liability of Mr.Kaleem along with input tax to be carried forward (if any) in his sales
tax return for the month of February 2023.

117 ZUBAIR ENTERPRISES LTD (ZEL)

Zubair Enterprises Limited (ZEL), a registered person under the Sales Tax Act, 1990, is engaged in the
production of consumer goods. The company’s business transactions for the month of June 2023 were:

Rs.
Sale of taxable goods to registered persons 20,000,000
Sale of taxable goods to unregistered persons 25,000,000
Less: Trade discount at 10% (2,500,000)
22,500,000
Exports of goods to Saudi Arabia 18,000,000
Payment for purchases of raw materials for manufacturing
taxable local supplies 42,000,000
Payment for purchases of raw materials for manufacturing of exports 16,000,000

The company’s records further show that:

(1) The figures for the sales of goods (including exports) are all stated exclusive of sales tax.
(2) The rate of discount is in conformity with the normal business practice in the industry but was not
shown on the tax invoices.
(3) Goods with the value of Rs. 100,000 were given free of cost to the Chief Executive of the company
in accordance with his terms of employment.
(4) All payments were made inclusive of sales tax and paid through crossed cheques.
(5) Payment on account of the purchase of a new machine for the manufacture of goods meant for
export only, of Rs. 10,000,000 (inclusive of sales tax) was made during June 2023.
(6) Input tax of Rs. 100,000 pertaining to the raw materials purchased for the manufacture of taxable
goods on November 1, 2022 could not be claimed due to an oversight.
Required:

(a) Calculate the sales tax payable or refundable to Zubair Enterprises Ltd, for the month of June 2023,
giving explanations for treatment of:
– the trade discount allowed to unregistered persons;
– the goods given to the Chief Executive;
– the input tax on the machinery purchased for the manufacture of goods meant for export
only; and
– the input tax not claimed in the return for November 2022.
(b) Zubair Enterprises Ltd (ZEL) has made purchases of taxable goods from a registered person but
suspects that the registered person has not paid the tax in respect of these supplies.
(c) State whether the amount of tax unpaid by the supplier can be recovered from ZEL, together with
any actions that the company might take to mitigate any potential liability.

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118 SUNGLOW PAKISTAN LIMITED

Sunglow Pakistan Limited, a registered person under the Sales Tax Act, 1990 is engaged in the
manufacture of multimedia projectors. The business transactions of Sunglow Pakistan Limited for the
month of June 2023 included the following:
Rupees
Receipts from sale of multimedia projectors to registered persons 7,375,950
Receipts from sale of multimedia projectors to unregistered persons 8,040,150
Sale of accessories and lenses for the multimedia projectors to registered
person. 1,615,785
Purchases of electronic components and lenses 6,987,354
Purchase of stores, supplies and raw material used in the manufacturing of
multimedia projectors (Out of the total payment of Rs. 2,125,215 an amount
of Rs. 225,215 was paid in cash) 2,125,215
Import of plant and machinery 2,350,000
Supplies purchased in January 2023 returned to the vendors for not meeting
the specifications and required standard 1,050,650
Multimedia projectors sold in January 2023 returned by the customers for
defective workmanship in February 2023. 980,500

Additional information:
(1) All figures relating to sales of taxable goods are stated exclusive of sales tax.
(2) All payments are stated inclusive of sales tax.
(3) All payments for the purchase of goods and materials have been made by crossed cheque or pay
order or credit card except where otherwise indicated.
(4) In the case of the purchase returns and sales returns, the debit/credit notes have been issued in
conformity with the provisions of Sales Tax Act, 1990.
Required:
Calculate the sales tax payable by or refundable to Sunglow Pakistan Limited for the month of February
2023.

119 LEPROC ASSOCIATES

Leproc Associates, a registered person under the Sales Tax Act, 1990 is engaged in the production of
taxable and exempt consumer goods. The business transactions of Leproc Associates for the month of
February 2023 included the following:
Rupees
Sale of taxable goods to registered persons 6,296,000
Export of goods to Nigeria 5,790,000
Sale of taxable goods to unregistered persons 7,638,500
Less: trade discount at 10% (763,850)
6,874,650
Sale of exempt goods 2,364,000
Payment for purchase of raw materials for
manufacturing of local taxable supplies10,127,800

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Payment for purchase of raw materials for

manufacturing both exempt and taxable
supplies3,945,000
The Chief Accountant informs you that input tax amounting to Rs. 185,700 had inadvertently not
been deducted in the return for the month of January 2023.
Notes:
(1) All payments are stated inclusive of sales tax.
(2) The figures for sales of taxable goods and export are stated exclusive of sales tax.
(3) The trade discount on the sale of taxable goods to unregistered persons is stated on the face of
the invoice and the rate of the discount is in accordance with normal business practice.

Required
Calculate the sales tax payable by or refundable to Leproc Associates for the month of February 2023.

120 BARQ RO (PAKISTAN) LTD (BRPL)

Barq Ro (Pakistan) Limited (BRPL), a registered person under the Sales Tax Act, 1990, is engaged in
the manufacture and sale of insulated cables. BRPL’s financial year ends on 30 June. The management
of BRPL decided to start a new unit for the manufacture of underground cables that would require
specialised machinery. The machinery was purchased on 1 June 2023 and the new unit commenced
production on 4 June 2023.The business transactions of BRPL for the month of June 2023 were as
follows:
Rupees
Payment for purchase of raw materials 7,448,850
Payment for the purchase of machinery for the new unit 5,395,500
Sale of taxable goods in Pakistan 6,535,000
Export of cables to Tanzania 5,790,000

Notes:
(1) All payments are stated inclusive of sales tax.
(2) The figures for the sale of taxable goods and export are stated exclusive of sales tax. Sales tax
rate is 17%.
Required:
Calculate the sales tax payable by or refundable to Barq Ro (Pakistan) Ltd. for the month of June 2023.

121 MR. YOUSHA

Mr.Yousha, a registered person under the Sales Tax Act, 1990, is carrying on business in the name of
Yousha Associates. Ms.Yousha is informed by his chief accountant that a credit note has to be issued to
a debtor in respect of an invoice issued on 30 June 2022. The chief accountant intends to issue the credit
note in the month of January 2023.
Required:
State, giving reasons, whether or not you are in agreement with the chief accountant’s proposal to issue
the credit note in the month of January 2023.

122 FOLAD LTD (FL)

Folad Limited (FL) has supplied 50 tons of Iron Bars to Tameer Limited (TL). The market price of the
supply is Rs. 2.5 million exclusive of sales tax. Owing to financial difficulties, TL has requested to settle
the price by transferring a piece of land having a market value of Rs. 2.3 million and to pay Rs. 75,000 in
final settlement along with the applicable sales tax by way of a cheque drawn in favour of FL.
Required
(a) Comment on the chargeability of sales tax in the above situation.

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(b) Under the provisions of Sales Tax Rules, 2006 narrate the procedure to be followed by Tameer
Limited, in the above situation, if it decides to return 20 tons of Iron Bars to Folad Limited due to
sub-standard quality. Assume that both FL and TL are registered taxpayers.

123 KAMYAB ENGINEERING LIMITED (KEL)

Kamyab Engineering Limited (KEL) is registered under the Sales Tax Act, 1990. The company is engaged
in the manufacture and supply of appliances. Following information has been extracted from the records
of KEL for the month of January 2023.
Rs. in ‘000
Purchases:
Local:
 components from registered suppliers 70,700
 components from un-registered suppliers 15,250
Supplies:
Manufactured goods:
 local taxable supplies to registered persons 40,000
 local taxable supplies to un-registered persons 24,000
 exempt goods 11,000
 export to Malaysia 13,000

Following additional information is also available:

(i) An amount of Rs. 200,000 on account of purchases made from a registered supplier is outstanding
since August, 2022. The related input tax was accounted for in the relevant tax period.
(ii) A penalty of Rs. 50,000 and additional tax of Rs. 25,000 was levied on KEL under the Income Tax
Ordinance, 2001 which was unpaid as of January 30, 2022.
Sales tax is payable at the rate of 17%. All the above figures are exclusive of sales tax, wherever applicable.

Required:
(a) Sales tax payable / refundable.
(b) Input tax credit to be carried forward, if any.

124 MR. ABDUL GHAFFAR

Mr. Abdul Ghaffar is registered as a manufacturer, under the Sales Tax Act, 1990. He carried out the
following activities during the month of February 2023:
Rs. in ‘000’
Supplies
Manufactured goods
Local – taxable goods 22,000
Local – exempt goods 3,000
Exports 5,000
Purchases
Local purchases of raw material 8,000
Import of raw material 17,000
Other relevant information is as follows:
(i) All the above amounts are exclusive of sales tax.
(ii) In January 2021, an amount of Rs. 365,000 was carried forward as sales tax credit.
(iii) Sales tax is payable @ 17%

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Required:
Compute the following for the month of February 2023:
(a) Sales tax payable / refundable.
(b) Input tax credit to be carried forward, if any.

125 OLIVE LIMITED (OL)

Olive Limited (OL) is registered at the Large Taxpayer Unit of the Inland Revenue Department. It is
engaged in the manufacture and trading of FMCG in the country. During the month of January 2023 the
following activities were carried out by the company:

Rs. in ‘000
Purchases:
Import of raw material for in-house consumption 15,000
Packing material manufactured locally 6,000
Supplies:
Manufactured products:
- Local sales 20,000
- Exempt goods 4,000
- Export to Bangladesh 4,000

Following information is also available:

(i) In order to meet the high consumer demand, OL purchased new machinery for Rs. 1,200,000. The
machinery was put to use during the same month. A motor vehicle of Rs. 1,500,000 was also
acquired for the sales department.
(ii) Sales tax credit of Rs. 325,000 was brought forward from previous month. Sales tax is payable at
the rate of 17%. All the above amounts are exclusive of sales tax, wherever applicable.
Required:
Compute the sales tax payable or refundable for the month of January 2023.

126 MR. INSAF

Mr.Insaf, the executive director of Super Tech (Pvt.) Ltd, a company engaged in the manufacture and
sale of electronic goods, has reviewed the sales tax return for the month of May 2023, in place of its
director finance, who is currently on leave. During the review he noticed that certain input tax has not
been claimed by the company. He is of the opinion that all input tax paid by the company should be
available for adjustment. You are required to clarify the following matters in the light of Sales Tax Act,
1990.
Required:
(i) The conditions that need to be satisfied for the adjustment of input tax against the output tax liability
and the remedy available to the company if it fails to adjust the input tax in the period in which it is
paid.
(ii) Identify the circumstances in which input tax is not allowed to be adjusted against the output tax
liability.

127 MR. RIZWAN

(a) State the situations when a registered person shall not be entitled to claim or deduct input tax under
the Sales Tax Act, 1990.

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(b) Mr.Rizwan, a sales tax registered person, is carrying on business in the name of Rizwan
Enterprises. On August 15, 2022, he sold certain goods to his customer against which he intends
to issue a credit note in the month of March 2023.
Required:
Explain whether Mr.Rizwan can issue the credit note in the month of March 2023, under the Sales
Tax Rules, 2006.
(c) Explain the provisions of Sales Tax Act, 1990 with regard to the following:
(i) Change in rate of tax during a tax period
(ii) Excess tax collected from the customer

128 ZERO RATING

(a) Identify the goods that shall be charged at the rate of zero per cent under the Sales Tax Act, 1990.
(b) List the situations in which the type of goods identified in (a) above would not be eligible for zero
rating.

129 MS. ZAINAB

Zainab is registered under the Sales Tax Act, 1990 and is engaged in the manufacture and supply of
Products A and B. Following information has been extracted from her records for the month of February
2023:

Product A Product B
Rupees
Supplies
Local supplies 5,350,000 1,010,000
Exports to Thailand 2,550,000 3,950,000
Purchases
Local materials from registered persons 6,000,000
Local materials from unregistered persons 850,000

Additional information:
(i) Product A is exempt from the charge of sales tax.
(ii) Sales tax credit brought forward from previous month amounted to Rs. 262,500.
(iii) Substandard supplies worth Rs. 150,000 were returned to the registered vendors and proper debit
and credit notes were issued.
(iv) An invoice dated September 3, 2020 amounting to Rs. 100,000 had not been claimed
inadvertently. This oversight was detected in the month of February 2023.
(v) Sales tax is payable at the rate of 17%. All the above amounts are exclusive of sales tax.

Required:
In the light of Sales Tax Act, 1990 and rules made thereunder, calculate the following for the month of
February 2023:
(a) Sales tax payable / refundable
(b) Input tax to be carried forward, if any

130 SAMAD CORPORATION (SC)

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Samad Corporation (SC) supplies specialized material to various industrial concerns. The company has
entered into the following transactions during the month of February 2023.
(i) Supply of material costing Rs. 3 million to AB Limited (ABL). It has been agreed that ABL would
settle the transaction by paying Rs. 1.5 million in cash and the balance amount by way of allowing
SC to use ABL’s import quota. The market price of the supply is Rs. 3.5 million.
(ii) Supply of material to DM Limited (DML) at a discounted price of Rs. 6.8 million. Due to particular
relationship, DML has been allowed a special discount of 15% as against the normal business
practice of 8%.
(iii) Supply of 20 tons of material, falling under third schedule, to BML at a wholesale price of Rs.
138,000 per ton. The retail price of the material is Rs. 150,000 per ton.
Required:
(a) In each of the above situations, advise the management about the value of supply on which sales
tax would be levied under the provisions of Sales Tax Act, 1990.
(b) List down the particulars to be mentioned on the debit note issued by the supplier in the event of
change in the value of supply, under the Sales Tax Rules, 2006.

131 MAROOF ENGINEERING LIMITED (MEL)

Maroof Engineering Limited (MEL) is registered under the Sales Tax Act, 1990. The company is engaged
in the manufacture and supply of spare parts. Following information has been extracted from the records
of MEL for the month of February 2023.

Rupees

Purchases

Local material:
From registered suppliers 15,000,000

From un-registered suppliers 8,000,000

Supplies

Manufactured goods

Local taxable supplies to registered persons 10,000,000

Local taxable supplies to un-registered persons 3,000,000

Export to Taiwan 10,000,000

Exempt goods 2,000,000

Following additional information is also available:

(i) Purchases from registered suppliers include an amount of Rs. 1.0 million which was invoiced on
May 15, 2022. The input tax on this invoice could not be claimed in the relevant period.
(ii) Material purchased from un-registered suppliers was exclusively used for making taxable supplies.
(iii) Goods worth Rs.500,000 were returned by different customers. Proper debit/credit notes were
raised within the specified period.
(iv) A new machinery of Rs. 2.4 million was purchased and put to use during the same month.
(iv) MEL’s purchases from registered suppliers include material worth Rs. 2 million against which an
advance was paid in the month of January 2023. However, due to a dispute, sales tax invoice
was delayed and was received by the company after filing of return.
(v) Parts worth Rs. 15,000 were delivered to the CEO for his personal use, free of cost.
(vi) Sales tax credit of Rs. 50,000 was brought forward from previous month.

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(vii) Sales tax is payable at the rate of 17%. All the above amounts are exclusive of sales tax.

Required:
(a) Compute the sales tax payable/refundable.
(b) Input tax credit to be carried forward, if any

132 FAIZ ASSOCIATES

Faiz Associates (FA) is a partnership concern and registered under the Sales Tax Act, 1990 as
manufacturer-cum-distributor.
Following information has been provided by FA for the month of January 2023:
Rupees
Supplies
Taxable goods to registered customers 3,450,000
Taxable goods to un-registered customers 1,000,000
Consumable goods supplied on PIA’s international flight 500,000
Export 700,000
Purchases
Taxable goods from registered suppliers 2,000,000
Taxable goods from un-registered suppliers 450,000
Exempt goods from registered suppliers 600,000
Input tax brought forward from December 2022 265,000
Additional information:
(i) Supply of taxable goods to registered customers include the following:
 Goods amounting to Rs. 80,000 sold to Hafiz Brothers (HB) on 31 January 2023. HB started
business in January 2023 and had filed an application for registration under the Sales Tax
Rules. 2006 on 30 January 2023. However, no sales tax registration number was issued till
31 January 2023.
 Goods having market value of Rs. 600,000 which were supplied to Parveen Limited, an
associated company, for Rs. 500,000.
 An invoice erroneously issued for Rs. 450,000 whereas the correct amount of the invoice
was Rs. 540,000.
 Sale to Ghalib Corporation of goods worth Rs. 225,000. The contract for sale has been
signed but neither invoice was issued nor any delivery and payment was made in January
2023.
(ii) Purchases from registered suppliers include:
 purchase of two air-conditioners amounting to Rs. 150,000 for FA’s new office.
 an invoice of Rs. 500,000 dated 22 January 2023 issued by Taqi Corporation (TC).
However, TC was blacklisted by the Commissioner on 6 February 2023.
(iii) FA destroyed certain goods worth Rs. 45,000 after following the due process under the Sales Tax
Rules, 2006. Input tax on these goods was claimed in December 2022.
(iv) Free replacement of defective parts costing Rs. 400,000 relating to goods which were sold under
1-year warranty. The market value of such parts was Rs. 550,000.
(v) A debit note issued for Rs. 100,000 by a customer in respect of goods returned was duly settled
and the relevant credit note has been issued within the stipulated time.

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

(vi) During the month, FA paid Sindh Sales Tax worth Rs. 8,500 on franchise services. Under the Sindh
Sales Tax Laws, such tax is not an admissible credit.
All the above figures are exclusive of sales tax, wherever applicable. Sales tax is payable at the
rate of 17%.
Required:
Compute sales tax payable by or refundable to Faiz Associates along with input tax to be carried forward,
if any, in the sales tax return for the month of January 2023
Note: Show all relevant exemptions, exclusions and disallowances.

133 CYMA ASSOCIATES

Cyma Associates (CA) is registered under the Sales Tax Act, 1990, as manufacturer-cum-distributor-
cum-retailer. Following information has been extracted from its records for the month of August 2022:

Rupees
Supplies
Taxable goods to registered persons 15,000,000
Taxable goods to unregistered persons 2,800,000
Exports 1,500,000
Exempt supplies 1,700,000
Purchases
Taxable goods from registered suppliers 20,000,000
Taxable goods from unregistered suppliers 1,800,000
Exempt goods from registered suppliers 400,000
Fixed assets (machinery) from a registered supplier 1,000,000

The following additional information is available for August 2022:

(i) Supply of taxable goods to registered persons include the following:
 Goods invoiced at Rs. 325,000 (net of special discount of Rs. 125,000) sold to a government
official.
 On 1 August 2022, CA launched ‘Halloween Tooth Brush’ which is covered under 3 rd
schedule. The retail price of the tooth brushes is Rs. 100 each.
However, being the first month of launching, it was sold at a discounted price of Rs. 75 each. 4,000
tooth brushes were sold in August 2022.
(ii) Exports include supply of taxable goods of Rs. 500,000 to a retailer in Export Processing Zone.
(iii) Exempt supplies include distribution of free samples of exempt goods among the vendors. Value
of such goods amounted to Rs. 80,000.
(iv) Purchases from registered suppliers include:
material worth Rs. 350,000 the payment of which was made by depositing cash directly in the
business bank account of the supplier.
material worth Rs. 800,000 against which a discrepancy has been indicated by the CREST.
an amount of Rs. 2,000,000 paid for purchase of raw material. However, only 30% of the goods
were supplied during August for which sales tax invoice has been issued by the supplier.
(v) On 1 August 2022, CA executed an agreement with Majeed Sons (MS) for sale of locally purchased
goods worth Rs. 225,000. The agreement empowers MS to obtain delivery of these goods anytime
it likes.

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(vi) Supplies returned by different registered persons amounted to Rs. 756,000. Proper debit and credit
notes were raised within the specified time.
(vii) The auditors have proposed a provision against obsolete and expired stock of Rs. 285,000 which
is lying in CA’s warehouse since January 2021.
(viii) Machinery purchased during the month was commissioned into operations on 31 August 2022.
(ix) Excess of input tax over output tax in July 2022 amounted to Rs. 75,000. Except where otherwise
specified, all figures are exclusive of sales tax. Rate of sales tax is 17%.
Required:
Compute the sales tax liability of CA for the month of August 2022.

134 SAMAAJ ASSOCIATES

Sammaj Associates (SA) is registered under the Sales Tax 1990 and is engaged in the business of
manufacturing, trading and export of electronic, chemical and other consumer goods, following
information has been extracted from SA’s records for the month of August 2022:
Rupees
Supplies:
To registered persons 2,500,000
To un-registered persons 875,000
To person registered as exporter 625,000
Purchases:
Raw material from registered persons 930,000
Finished goods from un-registered persons 725,000
Packing material from registered persons 510,000
Local machinery from un-registered person 360,000
Import-finished goods 472,000
Packing material from registered persons include material worth Rs. 150,000 which was used for packing
electric motors. On 31 August 2022 these motors were still part of SA’s unsold stock.
Following transactions pertaining to August 2022 are not included in the above table:
(i) Sales tax of Rs. 70,000, Rs. 45,000 and Rs. 68,000 was paid in cash on electricity, gas and
telephone bills respectively.
(ii) SA purchased high quality cables and wires worth Rs. 250,000 from a registered supplier for the
installation of local machinery purchased from un-registered suppliers.
(iii) Three cartons of imported shampoo, falling under third schedule, were supplied to un-registered
distributors at a price of Rs. 11,000 per carton. The distributors normally supply such shampoo to
retailers at a price of Rs. 135,000 per carton.
(iv) Five electric kettles worth Rs. 75,000 were purchased for use in the offices of factory manager and
first line-supervisors of production workers.
(v) On 5 August 2022, SA received advance of Rs. 600,000 against supply of electric shavers of Bari
Electronics. SA agreed to deliver the goods in September 2022.
(vi) On 25 August 2022, SA issued discount coupons worth Rs. 450,000 its customers for participating
in grand annual sales exhibition to be held in December 2022.
Other related information is as under:
(i) On 10 February 2022, SA purchased liquid nitrogen worth Rs. 300,000 from Mughal Chemical
(MC), a registered supplier, on credit. On 15 August 2022, SA paid the outstanding amount to MC
by way of a crossed cheque drawn on SA’s bank account.
(ii) In April 2022, SA inadvertently charged sales tax of Rs. 58,000 instead of Rs.85,000 on supply of
chemicals to one of its registered customers. So far, SA has not obtained permission from the
commissioner Inland Revenue for revision of return.

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(iii) In July 2022, SA claimed Input tax of Rs. 80,000 on purchase of hydrochloric acid from JB Traders.
The supplier has not yet deposited the amount of sales tax collected from SA in Government
treasury.
In July 2022, the excess of input tax over output tax amounted to Rs. 20,000. Whereas, unadjusted input
tax in excess of 90% of output tax amounted of Rs 10,000.
All the above figures are exclusive of sales tax, wherever applicable, Sales tax is payable at the rate of
17%
Required:
Under the provisions of the Sales Tax Act, 1990 and Rules made thereunder, compute the amount of
sales tax payable by or refundable to SA and the amount of sales tax to be carried forward, if any, for the
tax period August 2022.

135 MULAQAT ASSOCIATES

Mulaqat Associates (MA), an association of persons is registered under the Sales Tax Act, 1990 and is
engaged in the business of manufacture and distribution of various products. Following information has
been extracted from MA’s records for February 2023:
Rupees
Supplies
Jet fuel to Pak Airways proceeding to Oslo 800,000
Taxable goods to registered customers 500,000
Taxable goods to un-registered customers 375,000
Purchases
Taxable goods from registered suppliers 650,000
Taxable goods from un-registered suppliers 150,000
Exempt goods from registered suppliers 100,000
Imports – raw material 280,000
Following information is also available:
(i) Taxable goods purchased from registered suppliers include furniture of Rs. 45,000 which was
acquired for use in the office of marketing manager.
(ii) Imports include raw materials worth Rs.125,000 for the manufacture of shaving cream covered
under Third Schedule. However, in route from port to MA’s warehouse, serious damage was
caused to the consignment. MA received insurance claim of Rs. 90,000 after surrendering the right
of disposal of consignment in favour of the insurance company.
(iii) MA purchased 150 bags of cement covered under Third Schedule, for the construction of a
bungalow for managing partner. Cement was purchased at the wholesale price of Rs. 400 per bag.
However, the retail price was Rs. 500 per bag.
(iv) Advance of Rs. 268,000 was made to Nomi Corporation for the purchase of packing materials.
(v) Taxable goods to un-registered customers include goods worth Rs. 200,000 sold to cottage
industry in Bela. The rest of the goods were sold to educational institutions in Zhob.
(vi) On 15 February 2023, MA signed an agreement with Bali Traders(BT), a registered customer, for
the sale of goods worth Rs. 290,000. On 20 February 2023, the goods were made available to BT.
However, BT took the delivery of goods on 5 March 2023.
(vii) MA sold goods worth Rs. 52,000 to one of its customers on two months credit. The amount was
inclusive of 4% mark-up.
(viii) MA distributed free samples of one of its new detergents Zeta among corporate clients. The value
of these samples amounted to Rs. 65,000.
(ix) MA issued a debit note of Rs. 35,000 to Hali Brothers to rectify a mistake in MA’s sales invoice.
The invoice was originally raised in November 2022.

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(x) On 1 February 2023, MA sold 4,000 packs of a new caramel ice cream, covered under Third
Schedule, at a discounted price of Rs. 100 per litre pack. The retail price of the ice cream was Rs.
160 per litre pack.
(xi) Sales tax credit brought forward from January 2023 amounted to Rs. 245,000. This amount was
inclusive of input tax of Rs. 120,000 paid on a chemical which could not be used before the expiry
date and was consequently destroyed in February 2023.
All the above figures are exclusive of sales tax, wherever applicable. Sales tax is payable at the rate of
17%.
Required
Under the provisions of the Sales Tax Act, 1990 and Rules made thereunder, compute the amount of
sales tax payable by/refundable to MA and the amount of sales tax to be carried forward, if any, for the
tax period February 2023.
Note: show all relevant exemptions, exclusions and disallowances.

136 RECORDING OF PARTIAL PAYMENT AND CHANGE IN TAX RATES

Under the provisions of the Sales Tax Act, 1990 and Rules made there under, briefly describe the
treatment of the following;
(i) Recording of partial payments received in advance during a tax period in respect of both taxable and
exempt supplies.
(ii) Change in rate of tax during a tax period.

137 DESTRUCTION OF GOODS

There are certain goods returned by the customer as they are unfit for consumption and the seller has
no option but to destroy them.
Specify the procedure which must be followed by a registered person under the Sales Tax Rules, 2006
for the destruction of such goods.

138 MH ASSOCIATES
MH Associates (MHA) is registered under the Sales Tax Act, 1990 as a manufacturer, distributor and
retailer. Following information has been provided by MHA for the month of August 2022:

Rupees
Supplies Taxable goods to registered persons 7,850,000
Taxable goods to unregistered persons 815,000
Exempt goods to unregistered persons 800,000
Purchases
Taxable goods from registered persons 5,400,000
Exempt goods from registered persons 1,500,000
Taxable goods from unregistered persons 1,100,000
Additional information:
(i) Supplies of taxable goods to registered persons include an invoice erroneously issued to Rasheed
for Rs. 270,000 whereas the correct amount of invoice was Rs. 720,000.
(ii) Supplies of taxable goods to unregistered persons include sale of Rs. 365,000 to end consumers.
(iii) Purchases from registered suppliers of taxable goods include:
 an amount of Rs. 1,800,000 paid for purchase of raw material. However, only 40% of the
goods were supplied during August 2022.
 goods worth Rs. 1,200,000 against which a discrepancy has been indicated by the CREST.

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Two machines A and B costing Rs. 900,000 and Rs. 1,200,000 respectively were acquired and
commissioned into operation on 15 August 2022. Machine A has been used for taxable supplies only
whereas Machine B has been used for exempt supplies only.
(iv) Input tax amounting to Rs. 120,000 was paid on 15 March 2022 but inadvertently it could not be
claimed in the return for March 2022 and thereafter.
(v) An electricity bill of Rs. 670,000 was paid in cash which included sales tax amounting to Rs. 95,000.
(vi) Taxable supplies of Rs. 90,000 were returned by the registered customers during the period.
Proper debit/credit notes were issued within the specified time.
(vii) Sales tax credit brought forward from previous month amounted to Rs. 255,000.
Except where otherwise specified, all figures are exclusive of sales tax. Rate of sales tax is 17%.
Required
In the light of the provisions of the Sales Tax Act, 1990 and Rules made there under, compute the amount
of sales tax payable by or refundable to MHA and input tax to be carry forward, if any, for tax period
August 2022.

139 TAHA AND AHAN

Following information has been extracted from the records of two different persons registered under the
Sales Tax Act, 1990 for the month of February 2023:

Registered persons
Taha Shan
---------- Rupees ----------
Purchases
Taxable supplies from registered persons - 11,000,000
Taxable supplies from unregistered persons 3,500,000 -
Exempt goods - 3,000,000
Fixed assets (machinery) from a registered supplier (Note A) 5,000,000 6,000,000
Supplies
Taxable supplies to registered persons - 10,000,000
Taxable supplies to unregistered persons 2,000,000 -
Exempt supplies to registered persons 3,800,000 5,500,000
Zero rated supplies 2,500,000 -

Note A:
In case of Taha, the machinery has been used for exempt as well as zero rated supplies.
In case of Shan, the machinery has been used for taxable supplies only.
All the above figures are exclusive of sales tax. Sales tax is payable at the rate of 17%.
Required
In the light of the provisions of the Sales Tax Act, 1990 and Rules made there under, compute the amount
of sales tax payable by or refundable to each of the above registered persons and input tax to be carried
forward, if any, for the tax period February 2023.

140 MEHRBAN ASSOCIATES (MA)

Mehrban Associates (MA) is registered under the Sales Tax Act, 1990. MA is engaged in the business of
manufacturing and supplying of various consumer goods. Following information is available from MA’s
records for the month of August 2022:

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Tax Practices

Rupees
Purchases
Taxable goods from registered persons 4,960,000
Taxable goods from unregistered persons 1,400,000
Exempt goods from unregistered persons 520,000
Supplies
Taxable goods to registered persons 8,650,000
Taxable goods to unregistered persons 1,560,000
Exempt goods to local unregistered persons 1,740,000
Export of taxable goods to UAE 3,200,000
Export of purchased exempt goods to UAE 1,900,000

Additional information:
(i) Taxable goods from registered persons include:
 materials worth Rs. 296,000, which were exclusively used for manufacturing exempt
supplies.
 materials worth Rs. 675,000, which were exclusively used for manufacturing export
related goods.
 goods worth Rs. 150,000 which were purchased in cash from a supplier.
 500 kg of tea purchased at a cost of Rs. 360,000 in one kg packing, covered under Third
Schedule. Retail price of tea per kg is Rs. 900. By end of August 2022, 300 kg were
supplied to an unregistered wholesaler at a price of Rs. 790 per kg.
(ii) Taxable goods supplied to unregistered persons include goods worth Rs. 320,000 which were
sold to a distributor who did not provide his CNIC or NTN details. The raw material pertaining
to these goods was purchased from a registered supplier for Rs. 275,000 during August 2022.
(iii) Following fixed assets were purchased during the month of August 2022:

Fixed Purchase Usage

assets cost (Rs.)

Machine A 2,000,000 To ensure quality standards of packing for exports

Machine B 3,000,000 To manufacture taxable (local) as well as exempt

(local) goods

Furniture and fittings 1,000,000 To use in office premises

(iv) Electricity bill of Rs. 959,450 was paid in cash. The bill was inclusive of sales tax of Rs. 154,
250.
(v) Sales tax credit brought forward from last month amounted to Rs. 1,137,580.
(vi) Input tax of Rs. 186,000 pertaining to purchase made on 1 February 2022 was inadvertently
remain unclaimed.
All the above figures are exclusive of sales tax, except where it is specified otherwise. Sales tax is payable
at the rate of 17%.
Required
In the light of the provisions of the Sales Tax Act, 1990 and Rules made thereunder, compute the amount
of sales tax payable by or refundable to MA and input tax to be carried forward, if any, for the tax period
August 2022. (Show all relevant exemptions, exclusions and disallowances)

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 Question bank: Objective test and long-form questions

141 KAZMI TRADERS (KT)

Kazmi Traders (KT) is registered under the Sales Tax Act, 1990. KT is engaged in the business of
manufacturing and supply of paper products. Following information is available from KT’s records for the
month of February 2023:

Rupees
Purchases
Taxable goods from registered persons (20% of 320
these goods were returned to suppliers)
Taxable goods from unregistered persons 32
Exempt goods from registered persons 56
Electrical and sanitary fittings (60% used in factory 17
building and 40% used in office building)
Plant and machinery 84
Supplies
Taxable goods to registered persons (10% of 200
these goods were returned by the customers)
Exports 98

Electricity bill paid in February 2023includes sales tax of Rs. 1.36 million. 60% of the amount was related
to the factory building while remaining amount was related to the office building.
All the above figures are exclusive of sales tax, except where it is specified otherwise. Sales tax is payable
at the rate of 17%.
Required
In the light of the provisions of the Sales Tax Act, 1990 and Rules made thereunder, compute the amount
of sales tax payable by or refundable to KT and input tax to be carried forward, if any, for the tax period
February 2023. (Show all relevant exemptions, exclusions and disallowances)

CHAPTER 19 - RETURN RECORDKEEPING

142 SALES TAX RECORDS
(a) Which sales tax records are required to be maintained by a registered sales tax person?
(b) How long the taxpayers are required to retain these records?

143 NATURE OF RETURN

Who is required to file the following sales tax returns? Also mention the due date of filing of these returns.

(i) Monthly return (ii) Special return

(iii) Final return (iv) Annual return

144 RAHEEL
Raheel, an unregistered person, runs a garment shop in the posh area of Karachi. He has received a
notice from the Commissioner Inland Revenue requiring him to register with the sales tax authorities
within 30 days.
Under the provisions of the Sales Tax Act, 1990 and Rules made there under, advise Raheel regarding
the following:
(i) Whether the Commissioner is justified in issuing the notice to him.
(ii) Would it be necessary for him to respond to the notice.

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Tax Practices

© Emile Woolf International 62 The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan

 Certificate in Accounting and Finance

B
Tax Practices

SECTION
Objective test and
long-form answers

CHAPTER 1 – SYSTEM OF TAXATION IN PAKISTAN

1 DIRECT AND INDIRECT TAXATION
Federal taxes in Pakistan like most of the taxation systems in the world are classified into two broad
categories, viz., direct and indirect taxes. A broad description regarding the nature of administration of
these taxes is explained below:

DIRECT TAXES
A tax which is paid directly by an individual or organization to the imposing entity. A taxpayer pays a direct
tax to a government for different purposes, including property tax, income tax or taxes on assets.

Income Tax
Direct taxes primarily comprise of Income Tax Ordinance, 2001. In the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001, tax
is levied on the gross income such as Salary or net income such as Income from Business, of a taxpayer
earned during a tax year computed by applying the specified tax rates as applicable to respective
taxpayer.
For the purpose of the charge of tax and the computation of total income, all income is classified under
the following heads:
 Salary
 Income from property
 Income from business
 Capital gains; and
 Income from other sources

Capital Value Tax

Capital value tax on different transactions such as transfer of rights.

INDIRECT TAXES
An indirect tax is a tax collected by an intermediary (such as a retail store) from the person who bears the
ultimate economic burden of the tax (such as the consumer). The term indirect tax is contrasted with a direct
tax which is collected directly by government from the persons (legal or natural) on which it is imposed.
Some commentators have argued that "a direct tax is one that cannot be shifted by the taxpayer to someone
else, whereas an indirect tax can be”.

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Tax Practices

Following are the indirect taxes under the Pakistani Taxation System.

Customs Duty
Goods imported and exported from Pakistan are liable to rates of Customs duties as prescribed in
Pakistan Customs Tariff. Customs duties in the form of import and export duties constitute a major part
of the total tax receipts. The rate structure of customs duty is determined by a large number of socio-
economic factors. However, the general scheme envisages higher rates on luxury items as well as on
less essential goods. The import tariff has been given an industrial bias by keeping the duties on industrial
plants and machinery and raw material lower than those on consumer goods.

Federal Excise Duty

Federal Excise duties are leviable on a limited number of goods produced or manufactured, and services
provided or rendered in Pakistan. On most of the items Federal Excise duty is charged on the basis of
value or retail price. Some items are, however, chargeable to duty on the basis of weight or quantity.
Classification of goods is done in accordance with the Harmonized Commodity Description and coding
system which is being used all over the world. All exports are liable to zero per cent Federal Excise Duty.

Sales Tax
Sales tax is levied at various stages of economic activity at the rate of 17% on:
 All goods imported into Pakistan, payable by the importers;
 All supplies made in Pakistan by a registered person in the course of furtherance of any business
carried on by him;
 There is an in-built system of input tax adjustment and a registered person can make adjustment
of tax paid at earlier stages against the tax payable by him on his supplies. Thus, the tax paid at
any stage does not exceed 17% of the total sales price of the supplies.
2 REVENUE AND NON-REVENUE OBJECTIVES OF TAXATION
Tax Law Objective
Tax on salary / income from business Revenue Collection
Any amount transferred otherwise than banking Documentation of economy (non-revenue)
channel will be deemed as income
Tax on moveable assets of the taxpayers Fair distribution of wealth (revenue)
Higher taxes on import of luxury goods Reduction in imports of unnecessary goods and
create good balance of trade (non-revenue)
Allowability of expenditure of research & Promotion of research & developments (non-
developments revenue)
Zero rating on Exports Promotion of Exports (non-revenue)
Tax credit on Donations to approved institutions To promote culture of payment of donation to only
organised and regulated institutions (non-
revenue)
Tax credit on investments Promote investments in listed companies (non-
revenue)
Tax exemptions to software exports Promote software industry (non-revenue)

3 TAX STRUCTURES
There are broadly three different tax structures;
i. Proportionate / Flat Tax
A tax system that requires the same percentage of income from all taxpayers regardless of their
earnings. For instance, if a tax is levied at 10% per annum, a person earning Rs.100,000 will be
responsible to pay Rs.10,000 in taxes. Similarly, a person who earns Rs.500,000 p.a will be responsible
to pay Rs.50,000 in taxes.

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 Answer bank: Objective test and long-form answers

ii. Regressive tax

It is a tax imposed in such a manner that the tax rate decreases as the amount subject to taxation
increases. This tax takes a larger percentage from a person’s low-income than from another person’s
high-income. This means that it hits lower-income individuals harder.
iii. Progressive tax
A tax that takes a larger percentage from high-income earners than it does from low-income earners.
In other words, the more one earns, the more tax he would have to pay. The tax amount is
proportionately equal to someone’s status in the society. A rich man should pay more than a poor
man. For instance, if a person earns Rs.2,000,000 in a tax year, with a progressive tax rate of 10%,
he would be responsible for paying Rs.200,000. Meanwhile, another person, who earns Rs.5,000,000
in a tax year, may be taxed at 20%, which totals Rs.1,000,000 per year in taxes.
Tax structure prevailing in Pakistan
There are two different tax cultures that is prevalent in Pakistan;
i. Flat rate
This type of structure is usually prevalent in indirect taxes e.g. sales tax or federal excise duty. For
instance, supply of goods in Pakistan would attract 17% of sales tax on the value of taxable goods
that is collected by the seller from a buyer and paid to the Federal Government.
ii. Progressive rate
It is usually prevalent in direct taxes i-e. salary, income from property, income from business, capital
gains and income from other sources. Since, it is directly deposited by the taxpayer to the government
without any intermediary therefore it is termed as direct tax.

4 MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE TAXATION SYSTEM

i. Tax is an enforced contribution
Tax payment is not voluntary in nature and the imposition is not dependent upon the will of the person
taxed.
ii. Tax is proportionate in character
Payment of taxes should be based on the ability to pay principle; higher income of the tax payer, the
bigger amount of the tax paid.
iii. Tax is levied (to impose; collect) on income, transactions or property
There are taxes that are imposed or levied on acts, rights or privileges.
iv. Tax is levied by the state which has jurisdiction over the person or property
As a general rule, only persons, properties, acts, right or transaction within the jurisdiction of the
taxing state are subjects for taxation.
v. Tax is levied for public purposes
Taxes are imposed to support the government in implementation of projects and programs.
vi. Fiscal adequacy
The sources of revenue taken as a whole should be sufficient to meet the expenditures of the
government, regardless of business, export taxes, trade balances and problems of economic
adjustments.
vii. Equality or Justice
Taxes levied must be based upon the ability of the citizen to pay.
viii. Administrative Feasibility
In a successful tax system, tax should be clear and plain to taxpayers, capable of enforcement by the
adequate and well-trained public officials, convenient as to the time and manner of payment and not
unduly burdensome to discourage business activity.

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Tax Practices

5 STRATEGIES OF TAXATION MANAGEMENT

Tax practitioners and taxpayer normally adopts any of the following technique to lessen tax burden:
Tax avoidance is generally the legal exploitation of the tax regime to one's own advantage, to attempt to
reduce the amount of tax that is payable by means that are within the law whilst making a full disclosure
of the material information to the tax authorities. Examples of tax avoidance involve using tax deductions,
changing one's business structure through incorporation or establishing an offshore company in a tax
haven.
By contrast tax evasion is the general term for efforts by individuals, firms, trusts and other corporate
entities to evade the payment of taxes by illegal means. Tax evasion usually entails taxpayers deliberately
misrepresenting or concealing the true state of their affairs to the tax authorities to reduce their tax liability,
and includes, in particular, dishonest tax reporting (such as under declaring income, profits or gains; or
overstating deductions).

6 TAX RELIEFS IN CROSS BORDER TRANSACTIONS

i. Free trade agreements
Under this type of trade, countries enjoy the tax exemption from trading between them.
ii. Agreement for avoidance of double taxation
The Government of Pakistan has so far signed agreements to avoid double taxation with more than
70 countries including almost all the developed countries of the world. These agreements lay down
the ceilings on tax rates applicable to different types of income arising in Pakistan. They also lay
down some basic principles of taxation which cannot be modified unilaterally.

7 EXAMPLES OF INDIRECT TAXES

Following are the indirect taxes under the Pakistani Taxation System.
(a) Custom Duty
Goods imported and exported from Pakistan are liable to rates of customs duties as prescribed
in Pakistan Custom Tariff.
(b) Federal Excise Duty
Generally, federal excise duty is charged on the basis of excise value or retail price. However,
some items are chargeable to duty on the basis of weight or quantity. All exports are liable to
Zero per cent Federal Excise Duty.
(c) Sales Tax
Sales tax is levied on:
 Import of goods into Pakistan, payable by the importers;
 Supplies made in Pakistan by a registered person in the course of furtherance of any
business carried on by him;
A registered person can make adjustment of tax paid at earlier stages against the tax payable by
him on his supplies. For most of the goods sales tax is payable @ 17%.

CHAPTER 2 – CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION ON TAXATION

8 POWERS OF THE FEDERATION TO LEGISLATE ON TAXES
Following entries in the Federal legislative list as contained in the Constitution of Pakistan relates to taxes
and following laws are enacted by the Federal Government:

Legislative powers of Federation Laws enacted there under

Taxes on income other than agricultural income; Income Tax Ordinance,2001
Taxes on corporations. (Direct tax)
Taxes on mineral oil, natural gas and minerals for use in generation
of nuclear energy.

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Legislative powers of Federation Laws enacted there under

Taxes on the sales and purchases of goods imported, exported, Sales Tax Act, 1990, Federal
produced, manufactured or consumed, except sales tax on services Excise Act, 2005, Customs
Taxes and duties on the production capacity of any plant, Act, 1969
machinery, undertaking, establishment or installation in lieu of any (Indirect tax)
one or more of them.
Taxes on the capital value of the assets, not including taxes on Capital Value Tax levied
immovable property. through Finance Act, 1989
(Direct tax)

CHAPTER 3 – ETHICS
9 CANONS OF TAXATION
Canons of Taxation are the main basic principles set to build a 'Good Tax System'. Canons of Taxation
were first originally laid down by economist Adam Smith in his famous book "The Wealth of Nations".
Adam Smith only gave four canons of taxation. These original four canons are now known as the "Original
or Main Canons of Taxation". Adam Smith's Four Main Canons of Taxation are:
1. Canon of Equity:
The principle aims at providing economic and social justice to the people. Every person should pay
to the government depending upon his ability to pay. The rich class people should pay higher taxes
to the government, because without the protection of the government authorities (Police, Defence,
etc.) they could not have earned and enjoyed their income. Adam Smith argued that the taxes should
be proportional to income, i.e., persons should pay the taxes in proportion to the revenue which they
respectively enjoy under the protection of the state.
2. Canon of Certainty:
The tax which a person has to pay should be certain, not arbitrary. The tax payer should know in
advance how much tax he has to pay, at what time and in what form the tax is to be paid to the
government. At the same time a good tax system also ensures that the government is also certain
about the amount that will be collected by way of tax.
3. Canon of Convenience:
The mode and timing of tax payment should be as far as possible, convenient to the tax payers. For
example, for an agricultural country, tax is collected at the time of harvest income tax, is deducted at
source. Convenient tax system will encourage people to pay tax and will increase tax revenue.
4. Canon of Economy:
This principle states that there should be economy in tax administration. The cost of tax collection
should be lower than the amount of tax collected. It may not serve any purpose, if the taxes imposed
are widespread but are difficult to administer. Therefore, it would make no sense to impose certain
taxes, if it is difficult to administer.

10 ETHICS FOR TAX PRACTIONER

There are five fundamental principles of ethics for tax practitioners. These are set out below:
1 Integrity
Tax Practitioners should be straightforward and honest in all professional and business
relationships. Integrity implies not just honesty but also fair dealing and truthfulness.
2 Objectivity
Tax practitioners should not allow bias, conflicts of interest or undue influence of others to override
their professional or business judgments.

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3 Professional competence and due care

Tax Practitioners have a duty to maintain their professional knowledge and skill at such a level that
a client or employer receives competent service, based on current developments in practice,
legislation and techniques. Tax practitioners should act diligently and in accordance with applicable
technical and professional standards.
4 Confidentiality
Tax Practitioners should respect the confidentiality of information acquired as a result of
professional and business relationships and should not disclose such information to third parties
without authority or unless there is a legal or professional right or duty to disclose. Confidential
information acquired as a result of professional and business relationships should not be used for
the personal advantage of tax practitioners or third parties.
5 Professional behaviour
Tax practitioners should comply with relevant laws and regulations and should avoid any action
which discredits the profession.
They should behave with courtesy and consideration towards all with whom they come into contact
in their professional capacity.

11 PRINCIPLES OF LEVY OF TAXES

Following are some broad principles for levy of taxes:
(i) The Benefit Principle
This principle holds that the individuals should be taxed in proportion to the benefits they receive
from the governments and that taxes should be paid by those people who receive the direct
benefit of government programs and projects out of the taxes paid.
(ii) The Ability-to-Pay Principle
This principle holds that taxes should relate with the person’s income or the ability to pay, that is,
those with greater income or wealth who can afford to pay should be taxed. Similarly, even rate
of tax could increase with higher income.
(iii) The Equal-Distribution Principle
Income, wealth and transaction may be taxed at a fixed percentage; that is, people who earn
more and spend more should pay more taxes, but not pay a higher rate of tax.

12 TAX IMPLEMENTING AUTHORITIES

Responsibilities of the tax implementing authorities:
A concise code which can enlist responsibilities of Tax Administrators can be as under:
 Obey all laws relating to taxation and grant no exemptions, credit or advantage to any taxpayer that
is not provided by the law;
 Be dedicated to the highest ideals of honesty and integrity in all matters in order to maintain the
respect and confidence of the government and taxpayers;
 Strive to be impartial, fair, neutral and consistent in administering the law without regard to race,
social status or economic circumstances;
 Provide prompt, efficient and quality service to all stakeholders in an effort to exceed their
expectations;
 Refrain from actively participating in partisan political activities;
 Accurately record proceedings and maintain taxpayer information in the strictest confidence and
highest level of security;
 Refrain from soliciting gifts for actions and non-actions;

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13 ETHICAL ISSUES
Ethical issues facing tax administration in the discharge of their duties are:
(i) Acceptance of gifts
(ii) Conflict of interest
(iii) Selective application of the law
(iv) Political influence
(v) Confidentiality
(vi) Discretion

14 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF ETHICS

(i) Integrity
(ii) Objectivity
(iii) Professional competence and due care
(iv) Confidentiality
(v) Professional behaviour
Integrity:
Tax practitioners should be straightforward and honest in all professional and business relationships.
Integrity implies not just honesty but also fair dealing and truthfulness.

15 NON-REVENUE OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES OF A SOUND TAX

(a)  To strengthen anemic enterprises by granting them tax exemptions or other conditions
or incentives for growth;
 To protect local industries against foreign competition by increasing local import taxes;
 As a bargaining tool in trade negotiations with other countries;
 To counter the effects of inflation or depression;
(b) (i) Fiscal adequacy
The sources of revenue taken as a whole should be sufficient to meet the expenditures
of the government, regardless of business, export taxes, trade balances and problems
of economic adjustments. Revenues should be capable of expanding or contracting
annually in response to variations in public expenditures.
(ii) Equality or theoretical justice
Taxes levied must be based upon the ability of the citizen to pay.
(iii) Administrative feasibility
In a successful tax system, tax should be clear and plain to taxpayers, capable of
enforcement by the adequate and well-trained public officials, convenient as to the time
and manner of payment and not unduly burdensome to discourage business activity.

CHAPTER 4 – BASIC CONCEPTS OF INCOME TAX LAW

16 DEDUCTIBLE ALLOWANCES
The deductible allowances which are deducted from total income to arrive at taxable income are given
as under;
Zakat (Sec 60)
A person is entitled to a deductible allowance for the amount of any Zakat paid by the person in a tax
year under the Zakat and Ushr Ordinance, 1980. Where the amount of Zakat is more than total income,
the excess amount shall not be refunded or carried forward or carried back.

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Worker’s welfare fund (Sec 60A)

A person shall be entitled to a deductible allowance for the amount of any Workers’ Welfare Fund (WWF)
paid by the person in the tax year under Workers’ Welfare Fund Ordinance, 1971or under any law relating
to the Workers Welfare Fund enacted by Provinces after the Eighteenth Constitutional Amendment Act,
2010. However, no deductible allowance will be allowed where any amount is paid to provinces by trans-
provincial organizations (a person having operations in more than one province).
Worker’s participation fund (Sec 60B)
A person shall be entitled to a deductible allowance for the amount of any Workers’ Participation Fund
paid by the person in a tax year in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Profit (Workers’
Participation) Act, 1968 or under any law relating to the Workers profit participation Fund enacted by
Provinces after the eighteenth Constitutional amendment Act, 2010. However, no deductible allowance
will be allowed where any amount is paid to provinces by trans-provincial organizations (a company
having operations in more than one province).
Deductible allowance for education expenses (Sec 60D)
 Every individual shall be entitled to a deductible allowance in respect of tuition fee paid by the
individual in a tax year provided that the taxable income of the individual is less than Rs.1,500,000.
 The amount of an individual‘s deductible allowance allowed for a tax year shall not exceed the
lesser of —
a) 5% of the total tuition fee paid by the individual in the year;
b) 25% of the person’s taxable income for the year; and
c) an amount computed by multiplying Rs.60,000 with number of children of the individual.
 Any allowance or part of an allowance for a tax year that is not able to be deducted for the year
shall not be carried forward to a subsequent tax year.
 Allowance shall be allowed against the tax liability of either of the parents making payment of the
fee on furnishing national tax number (NTN) or name of the educational institution.
 Allowance shall not be taken into account for computation of tax deduction from Salary under
section 149.

17 PUBLIC COMPANY VS. PRIVATE COMPANY

(a) Public company means:
(i) A company in which not less than 50% of the shares are held by the Federal or Provincial
Government;
(ii) A company in which not less than 50% of the shares are held by a Foreign Government, or
a foreign company owned by a foreign government;
(iii) A company whose shares were traded on a registered stock exchange in Pakistan at any
time in the tax year and which remained listed on that exchange at the end of that year;
(iv) A unit trust whose units are widely available to the public and any other trust as defined in
the Trusts Act, 1882.
(b) Private company means a company that is not a public company.

18 DEFINITIONS/CONCEPTS
i. Industrial undertaking means —
 an undertaking which is set up in Pakistan and which employs,—
 ten or more persons in Pakistan and involves the use of electrical energy or any other
form of energy which is mechanically transmitted and is not generated by human or
animal energy; or
 twenty or more persons in Pakistan and does not involve the use of electrical energy or
any other form of energy which is mechanically transmitted and is not generated by
human or animal energy:
and which is engaged in,—

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 the manufacture of goods or materials or the subjection of goods or materials to any

process which substantially changes their original condition; or
 ship-building; or
 generation, conversion, transmission or distribution of electrical energy, or the supply of
hydraulic power; or
 the working of any mine, oil-well or any other source of mineral deposits; and
 from the 1st day of May, 2020, a person directly involved in the construction of buildings,
roads, bridges and other such structures or the development of land, to the extent and
for the purpose of import of plant and machinery to be utilized in such activity, subject to
such conditions as may be notified by the Board;
 from the first day of July, 2020 a resident company engaged in the hotel business in
Pakistan; and
 telecommunication companies operating under the license of Pakistan Telecommunication
Authority (PTA).
ii. The fair market value
 Fair market value (FMV) of any property, or rent, asset, service, benefit or perquisite at a
particular time shall be the price which the property, or rent, asset, service, benefit or perquisite
would ordinarily fetch on sale or supply in the open market at that time.
 The fair market value of any property, or rent, asset, service, benefit or perquisite shall be
determined without having regard to any restriction on transfer or to the fact that it is not
otherwise convertible to cash.
 Where the price referred above is not ordinarily ascertainable, the Board may, from time to
time, by notification in the official gazette determine the fair market value of the immoveable
property of the area and areas as may be specified in the notification.
 Where the fair market value of any immoveable property of an area or areas has not been
determined by the board in the notification referred as above, the fair market of such
immoveable property shall be deemed to be the value fixed by the district officer (revenue) or
provincial or any other authority authorize in this behalf for the purposes of stamp duty.
iii. Apportionment of deductions
This concept implies that the expenditures, deductions and allowances which relate to the following
shall be apportioned on any reasonable basis taking into account the relative nature and size of the
activities to which the amount relates:
 the derivation of more than one head of income; or
 derivation of taxable income and any class of income subject to Final Tax Regime
 the derivation of income chargeable to tax under any head of income and to some other
purpose.
iv. Receipt of income
This rule states that a person shall be treated as having received an amount when:
 it is actually received by the person;
 it is applied on behalf of the person; or
 it is made available to the person.

19 RESIDENTIAL STATUS
Resident Individual:
Residential status of the following persons for the tax year ended June 30, 2023 under the given
circumstances.
(i) For the tax year ended June 30, 2023, the relevant period is July 01, 2022 to June 30, 2023.
Therefore, the stay of Mr. Mubeen for the purpose of tax year 2023 is:

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Month Days
April 2023 30
May 2023 31
June 2023 30
Total 91
Since his stay in Pakistan is less than 183 days in tax year 2023, he is a non-resident for tax
purposes.
However, Mr. Mubeen can still be treated as resident if he is not present in any other country for
more than 182 days during the tax year or he is not a resident taxpayer of any other country.
(ii) Since Mr. Rana never travelled abroad in his life before proceeding to Canada for assuming his
job responsibilities, the number of days he spent in Pakistan for the tax year 2023 is:
Month Days
July 2022 31
August 2022 31
September 2022 30
October 2022 31
November 2022 30
December 2022 29
Total 182

The day he spent in Pakistan on June 30, 2023, while in transit, would not be counted as day of
his presence in Pakistan. Therefore, Mr. Rana total stay in tax year 2023 is less than 183 days
and he will be considered non-resident.
(iii) A Federal Government Employee posted abroad in terms of his employment is considered as a
resident person irrespective of his physical presence in Pakistan. Therefore Mr. Baber is a
resident individual for tax year 2023.
(iv) In case of Mr. Francis, it is immaterial where he stayed in Pakistan. The calculation will be made
from the day of his arrival in Pakistan to the day of his departure from Pakistan. Therefore, the
total number of days he spent in Pakistan during the calendar year 2022 i.e. the year starting from
January 01, 2022 to December 31, 2022 (Special tax year 2023) is:

Month Days

July 2022 1

August 2022 31

September 2022 30

October 2022 31

November 2022 30

December 2022 31

Total 154

In view of the permission granted by Commissioner Income Tax to Mr. Francis to use special tax
year, the number of days he spent in Pakistan beyond December 31, 2022 would fall under tax
year 2023. Therefore, 31 days which he spent in January 2023 would not be included in tax year
2023. As a result, Mr. Francis is a non-resident person as his total stay in tax year 2023 is less
than 183 days.

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20 TYPES OF TAX REGIMES

The mechanism for determination of taxable income is categorised under four regimes which are as
under:
i. Normal tax regime (Net income basis)
Under the normal tax regime, tax is charged on taxable income of the taxpayer. For each head of
income, there may be certain expenses which can be claimed as deduction to arrive at the total
income. From total income, certain straight deductions are made (e.g. Zakat, WPPF, WWF etc.) which
are known as Deductible Allowance in order to compute the Taxable Income. Tax Liability is computed
by applying the relevant tax rates to the Taxable Income. Moreover, against the tax liability, certain
specified tax credits (e.g. contribution to pension fund etc. are allowed to the taxpayer which result in
the ultimate tax payable / (refundable).
Total income = Five heads of income (NTR) + Exempt income
Taxable Income = Total Income – Deductible Allowance
Tax = Taxable income x rate of tax
Tax payable / (refundable) with return = Tax – Tax Credits
ii. Income subject to separate charge (Sec 5-8)
 Income subject to separate charge, are the incomes which do not form part of total income or
taxable income and are subject to tax on the basis of gross income.
 Section 5, 5A, 5AA, 6, 7, 7A, 7B and 8 of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 govern the taxation
of such income and these are:
(i) Dividend
(ii) Tax on return on Investments in sukuks
(iii) Tax on certain payments to non-resident
(iv) Shipping income of non-resident.
(v) Shipping income of a resident person.
(vi) Profit on debt in case of individual and AOP
(vii) Air transport income of non-resident.
 Following rules apply to income subject to separate charge:
(i) Tax imposed is a final tax
(ii) Such income is not chargeable to tax under any head of income in computing the taxable
income of the person
(iii) No deduction is allowed for any expenditure incurred in deriving such income
(iv) The amount of such income is not reduced by:
(a) Any deductible allowance
(b) The set off of any loss
(v) The final tax payable is not reduced by any tax credit allowed (foreign tax credit or tax
credits on donations, investments etc.)
(vi) The liability of the recipient of such income is discharged to the extent that:
(a) In the case of shipping and air transport income, the tax is paid in accordance with
relevant sections of the Ordinance; or
(b) In any other case, the final tax payable has been deducted at source.

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iii. Final tax regime (Gross income basis)

 Income subject to final tax are those which are subject to collection or deduction of tax at source
and the tax so collected or deducted at source is treated as final tax on the income arising from
such transactions.
 The tax collected or deducted on such transactions is commonly known as non-adjustable tax
collected or deducted at source. The taxation of income subject to final tax is governed by
Section 169 of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001.
 All transactions subject to collection or deduction of tax at source do not fall under income
subject to final tax. Different set of rules apply for each nature of income
 Where the tax collected or deducted at source is not treated as final tax the income arising from
such transactions is chargeable to tax under the respective heads of income (Salary, Income
from Property, Business, Capital Gains or Other Sources) and forms part of the taxable income.
The tax collected or deducted on such transactions is commonly known as adjustable tax
collected or deducted at source.
 Following rules apply to the income subject to final tax:
(i) Such income is not chargeable to tax under any head of income in computing the taxable
income;
(ii) No deduction is allowed for any expenditure incurred in deriving the income
(iii) The amount of the income is not reduced by
(a) Any deductible allowance; or
(b) The set off of any loss
(iv) The tax deducted is not reduced by any tax credit
(v) There is no refund of the non-adjustable tax collected or deducted at source unless such
tax is in excess of the amount of final tax for which the taxpayer is chargeable and
(vi) An assessment is treated to have been made and the person is not required to furnish a
return of income in respect of such income.

iv. Minimum tax regime

Certain types of incomes are subject to minimum tax under the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 to assure
that certain portion of tax is paid by the taxpayer irrespective of quantum of income.
Various incomes which are treated as minimum tax under the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 are:
(i) Minimum tax under section 113 on turnover
(ii) Tax collected at import stage on commercial imports
(iii) Tax deduction at source @ 10% from gross amount of service rendered under section 153
(iv) Tax collected upto the electricity bill amount of Rs.360,000 per annum for a person other than
company under section 235.

21 JEAN FRANCOIS
In view of the permission granted by Commissioner - IR to Jean Francois to use special tax year, the
number of days he spent in Pakistan beyond 31 December 2022 would fall under tax year 2023. As a
result, John is a non-resident person because his total stay in tax year 2023 is 175 days (i.e. from 10 July
to 31 December 2022) which is less than 183 days.

22 FTR
Following rules are applicable on the income subject to FTR:
(i) Such income is not chargeable to tax under any head of income in computing the taxable income;
(ii) No deduction is allowed for any expenditure incurred in deriving the income

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(iii) The amount of the income is not reduced by

 Any deductible allowance; or
 The set off of any loss
(iv) The tax deducted is not reduced by any tax credit
(v) There is no refund of the non-adjustable tax collected or deducted at source unless such tax is in
excess of the amount of final tax for which the taxpayer is chargeable and
(vi) An assessment is treated to have been made and the person is not required to furnish a return of
income in respect such income.

23 FAIR MARKET VALUE

The cost of a personal assets treated as acquired by the business shall be the fair market value of the
asset determined at the date it is applied to business use.

24 CHANGE IN TAX YEAR

(i) A person may apply in writing to the Commissioner for change in tax year from special to normal.
The Commissioner grants permission only if he is satisfied that it has a compelling need to use
normal tax year. While giving the permission, the Commissioner may impose conditions as he may
deem fit. An order of the Commissioner for change of tax year shall take effect from such date,
being the first day of the normal tax year as may be specified in the order.
(ii) A person may apply in writing for a change in the person’s method of accounting to the Commissioner.
The Commissioner may, by notice in writing, approve such an application but only if satisfied that the
change is necessary to clearly reflect the person’s income chargeable to tax under the head “Income
from Business”. If a person’s method of accounting has changed, the person shall make adjustments
to items of income, deduction, or credit, or to any other items affected by the change so that no item
is omitted, and no item is taken into account more than once.

25 OBJECTIVE OF TAX LAWS

(i) To protect local industries against foreign competition.
(ii) To promote exports of the country.
(iii) To counter the effects of inflation.
(iv) To document the economy.
(v) To bring the investments in construction related sectors.
(vi) To discourage savings in bank account.
(vii) To promote online businesses
(viii) To increase employment rate in the country
(ix) To remove inequality in distribution of wealth
(x) To promote science and innovation

26 FASTER & CO.

(a) (i) In case any immovable property having fair market value (FBR value or DC rate
whichever is higher) greater than five million rupees is purchased in cash, then it will
have following implications:
 Such asset shall not be eligible for initial allowance or depreciation.
 Such amount shall not be treated as cost for computation of any gain on
disposal (sale value will be treated as capital gain).
 Such person shall pay a penalty of 5% of the FBR value or DC rate whichever
is higher.

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(ii) Any payment by way of loan by a private company as defined under the Companies
Act, 2017 to its shareholder to the extent of accumulated profits is treated as dividend.
Therefore, the amount will be taxed as dividend in the hands of shareholder.
Accordingly, company is required to deduct withholding tax on payment.
Where subsequently any loan or advance is repaid, shareholder will be entitled to a
refund of the tax, if any, paid by him as a result of such advance or loan having been
treated as dividend.
(iii) Any profit received by a non-resident person on a security issued by a resident
person shall be exempt from tax if:
 the persons are not associates;
 the security was widely issued outside Pakistan for the purposes of raising a
loan outside Pakistan for use in a business carried on by the resident person in
Pakistan;
 the profit was paid outside Pakistan; and
 the security is approved by the Board for the purposes of this section.
(b) Faster & Co.
Computation of amount of allowable deduction in determining taxable income

Rs. in million
Initial allowance on plant and machinery [160(W-1)×25%] (40.00)
Depreciation on plant and machinery [18(160(W-1)×75%×15%)] (18.00)
Amortization of pre-commencement expenditure (5×20%) (1.00)
Finance charges [(2×3%÷2)×53] (1.59)
(60.59)

W-1: Cost of plant and machinery Rs. in million

Acquisition cost 150
Change in AED rate [2×(55 50)] 10
160

(c) Tax credit for certain persons

Following incomes or taxpayers shall be allowed a tax credit equal to one hundred per cent
of the tax payable:
(i) Persons engaged in coal mining projects in Sindh supplying coal exclusively to power
generation projects;
(ii) A start-up for the tax year in which the startup is certified by the Pakistan Software
Export Board and for the following two years;
The above tax credit shall be available subject to fulfillment of the following conditions:

(i) Annual return of income has been filed;

(ii) Withholding tax statements for the relevant tax year have been filed, where the
person is a withholding agent; and
(iii) Sales tax returns for the tax periods corresponding to the relevant tax year have been
filed, if the person is required to file sales tax return under any of the Federal or
Provincial sales tax laws.

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27 A, B, C LIMITED

Company Status of company

A Limited  Not a small company because its paid up capital plus undistributed reserves
exceeds Rs. 50 million.
 It can be a public company if foreign company is owned by a foreign
government.
 Otherwise, A Ltd. will be a private company.
B Limited  If remaining 60% holding is with foreign government or foreign
company owned by foreign government then public company.
 Otherwise, small company being its paid-up capital plus undistributed reserves
are below 50 million and annual turnover is below Rs. 250 million if:
– employee not exceeding 250 at any time during the year.
– is not formed by splitting up or the reconciliation of a company already in
existence (1 July 2005).
– is not a small and medium enterprise.
If any of the above condition shall not be met then it shall be classified as
private company.
C Limited  Not a small company because its annual turnover exceeded Rs. 250 million.
 Not a public company because 100% shareholding is with local group.
 Therefore, it shall be classified as private company.

CHAPTER 5 - SALARY INCOME

28 MR.A
Residential status: Resident individual
TAX YEAR 2023
COMPUTATION OF TAXABLE INCOME AND TAX LIABILITY
Gross Taxable
Particulars income Exempt (Rs.) Income
(Rs.) (Rs.)
Basic salary 1,117,245 - 1,117,245
Rewards 22,062 - 22,062
Bonus 300,000 - 300,000
House rent allowance 643,514 - 643,514
Utilities allowance 111,724 - 111,724
Company maintained Car (1,100,000 x 5%) 55,000 - 55,000
Interest free loan (1,150,000 x 10%) 115,000 - 115,000
Stock options exercised (1,250 x US$5 x 103) 643,750 - 643,750
Taxable Income 3,008,295
Computation of Tax liability (for a salaried individual)
Tax on Rs. 3,008,295 [Rs. 165,000 + (3,008,295 – 2,400,000) x 20%) 286,659
Less: Tax already deducted 295,000
Balance tax refundable (8,341)

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29 MR.MUSHTAQ
COMPUTATION OF TAXABLE INCOME
Residential Status: Resident individual
TAX YEAR 2023
Gross Taxable
Particulars income Exempt (Rs.) Income
(Rs.) (Rs.)
Basic salary 1,225,000 - 1,225,000
Bonus 50,000 - 50,000
Conveyance allowance 50,000 - 50,000
House Rent Allowance 101,250 - 101,250
Leave fare assistance 60,000 - 60,000
Conveyance provided by the employer 20,000 - 20,000
(Rs. 400,000 x 5%)
Employee share scheme (5,000 x Rs. 11 x 25%) 13,750 - 13,750
Taxable Income 1,520,000
Computation of tax liability (for salaried individual)
Tax on Rs.1,520,000 [{Rs. 15,000 + (1,520,000 – 1,200,000)} x 12.5% 55,000
Assumptions / Basis:
(i) Tax credit on Donation is not available as the said amount has been paid in cash.
(ii) Interest is not computed as the said loan is less than Rs.1,000,000.

30 Mr. BASHIR AHMED

COMPUTATION OF TAXABLE INCOME AND TAX LIABILITY
TAX YEAR 2023

Particulars CO. A CO. B Total Exempt Taxable

Basic Pay 714,158 572,572 1,286,730 - 1,286,730
Bonus 150,000 71,800 221,800 - 221,800
House Rent Allowance 258,663 222,746 481,409 - 481,409
Utility Allowance 71,415 57,257 128,672 - 128,672
Co maintained car [1,100,000x5%] - 55,000 55,000 - 55,000
Leave Encashment 77,783 - 77,783 - 77,783
Medical Reimbursements 35,000 25,000 60,000 60,000 0
EX Gratia Payments 2,048,300 - 2,048,300 - 2,048,300
Taxable Income 4,299,694

Computation of tax liability (for salaried individuals)

There are two options available with the taxpayer for taxation of his income including Ex-gratia
Payments i.e.
Option 1- Ex-gratia will be part of the taxable income in the current tax year as per applicable tax rates.
Option 2 Taxable income will be taxed as per applicable tax rates whereas Ex-gratia will at taxed at
average rate of tax of last three years. Taxpayer may choose the less tax liability under any of the two
mentioned options. Tax liability under two options is as under:

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Option 1
Tax on Rs. 4,299,694 [405,000 + (4,299,694 – 3,600,000) x 25%] 579,923
Option 2
Tax on income excluding ex gratia 2,251,394
[Rs.15,000 + (2,251,394 – 1,200,000) x 12.5%)] 146,424
Tax on Ex gratia Rs. 2,048,300 @ *23.41%
(*1,198,790 / 5,120,360 x 100) 479,507
Total Tax 625,931
Tax payable as per Option 1 is less than Option 2
579,9233
Less Tax payments
Deduction of tax by Co A 270,000
Deduction of tax by Co B 300,000
Total deductions 570,000
Balance tax refundable (9,923)

31 MR. HAYAT
(i) Employee share scheme:
Where shares issued to an employee under an employee share scheme are subject to a restriction
on the transfer of the shares -
 No amount shall be chargeable to tax to the employee under the heading “Salary” until the
earlier of:
 the time the employee has a free right to transfer the shares; or
 the time the employee disposes of the shares; and
 The amount chargeable to tax to the employee shall be the fair market value of the shares
prevailing:
 at the time the employee has a free right to transfer the shares or
 disposes of the shares
 The said amount chargeable to tax will be reduced by any consideration given by the
employee for the shares including any amount given as consideration for the grant of a right
or option to acquire the shares.
 The cost of the shares to the employee shall be the sum of:
 The consideration, if any, given by the employee for the shares;
 The consideration, if any, given by the employee for the grant of any right or option to
acquire the shares; and
 The amount chargeable to tax under the heading “Salary”.
Capital gain
Subsequently when these shares are disposed of, capital gain will be calculated as follows:
Sale proceed xxx
Less cost of shares as calculated above (xxx)
Capital gain xxx
In case of shares of private company, gain will be taxable under the normal tax regime, whereas
in case of shares of public company, gain will be taxable as separate block.

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(ii) Tax Year 2021:

In the tax year 2021`, no income would be added to Mr. Hayat’s salary as he did not have a right
to transfer the shares.
Tax Year 2022:
In tax year 2022, when Mr. Hayat got the option to transfer the shares, the market value was Rs.20
per share, therefore, Rs. 120,000 (6,000 x Rs.20) would be added to his income under the head
“Salary”.
Tax Year 2023:
In tax year 2023, following amount would be added to Mr. Hayat’s income.

Consideration received on sale of shares (6,000 x Rs. 35) 210,000

Less: Cost of shares (amount charged in 2022 to income) (120,000)
Gain on sale to be taxed as Capital gain 90,000

32 MR. AINUDDIN KHAN

Name: Mr. Ainuddin Khan
Tax year: 2023
Status: Resident Individual

COMPUTATION OF TAXABLE INCOME Rs.

Salary
Pay (Rs.220,000 * 12) 2,640,000
Bonus (Rs. 2,640,000 x 20%) 528,000
House rent allowance 600,000
Co. maintained car – Rs.1,800,00 @ 5% 90,000
Residential electricity
Petrol for residential generator
Gas bills
Telephone bill 13,885
Club bills 4,000
Internet usage reimbursement 9,000
Pension Exempt -
Salary 4,095,885

Income from other source

Dividend Income chargeable to tax as separate block u/s 5 (70,000/0.85) 82,353

Total income 4,178,238

Note:
(1) Pension is an exempt income; therefore, the same is not included in the total income
(2) Tax deducted from dividend income is final discharge of tax liability
It is assumed that internet personal usage expenses are reimbursed by the employer.

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33 MR.MATEEN
Computation of taxable income & tax thereon
Tax Year 2023
SALARY Rupees
Income from ML
Compensation in lieu of unserved notice 280,000
Gratuity (Rs. 350,000 – Rs. 75,000) 275,000
Leave encashment 150,000
Income from RSL
Basic salary (Rs.245,000 x 12) 2,940,000
Utility allowance (Rs.21,000 x 12) 252,000
Reimbursement of personal medical expenses [(2nd Sch. Part 1, Clause 139(a)] -
Reimbursement of hospitalization charges [(2nd Sch. Part 1, Clause 139(a)] -
Rent a car (Rs. 25,000 x 2) since in lieu of Car -
Company maintained Honda City (Rs. 2.5 million x 5% x 10/12 months) 104,167
House-keepers salary (Rs. 6,000 x 12 months x 80%) 57,600
Special allowance -
Amount in lieu of notice period paid to ML 280,000
Interest free loan (1,500,000 x 10% x 6/12) 75,000
Commission received from RSL 500,000
Total salary income 4,913,767
Income from business
Loss from private event organization (350,000)
Profit received from business in Malaysia 535,000
185,000
Capital Gain
Sale of share of a listed company (Rs. 1,000,000 – Rs. 100,000) 900,000
Income from other sources
Consideration received on vacating the bungalow (Rs. 180,000/10) 18,000
Total income for the year 6,016,767
Sale of share of a listed company (separate block of income) (900,000)
Less: Zakat paid - no deductible allowance -
Taxable income 5,116,767
Computation of tax liability and tax payable:
(As salary income is more than 75% of the total income so Mr. Mateen shall be treated as salaried person)

Tax on Rs. 3,600,000 405,000

Tax on balance Rs.1,516,767 @25% 379,192
Total tax payable excluding capital gain 784,192
Tax on capital gain Rs.900,000 @ 12.5% 112,500
Total tax payable including in capital gain 896,692
Less: foreign tax credit (W-1) (28,353)
Income tax liability 868,339

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Less: Tax deducted at source

On salary income (550,000)
On commission from RSL (Rs. 500,000 x 0.12)] (60,000)
Tax liability 258,339

W-1 Foreign tax credit

Lesser of: Foreign tax i.e. Rs. 130,000 or

Average Pakistan tax on foreign income i.e. (784,192 / 5,116,767 x 185,000) 28,353

34 MR. ASLAM
Computation of Taxable Income and Tax Liability
For the Tax Year 2023
Particulars Gross Exempt Taxable
Basic salary (Rs. 100,000 x 7) 700,000 - 700,000
Utilities allowance (Rs. 10,000 x 7) 70,000 - 70,000
House rent allowance (Rs. 30,000 x 7) 210,000 - 210,000
Children's education fee re-imbursement 25,000 - 25,000
Bonus 24,000 - 24,000
Tax borne by employer (Rs. 5,000 x 7) 35,000 - 35,000
Company maintained Car (1,500,000 x 5% x 7/12) 43,750 - 43,750
Medical re-imbursement - Note 1 110,000 (110,000) -
Income under employee share scheme - Note 2 14,000 - 14,000
Taxable Income 1,121,750
Tax Liability
Tax on Rs. 1,121,750 (Rs.1,121,750 – Rs.600,000) x 2.5% 13,043
Reduction in tax liability @ 25% for full time teacher (u/c (2) of Part III of 2nd Schedule) (3,261)
Less: Credit for tax deducted out of salary (Rs. 5,000 x 7) (35,000)
Tax refundable (25,218)
Note 1: Medical re-imbursements
It has been assumed that hospital bills show NTN and were duly certified by the employer
Note 2: Income under employee share scheme
- Disposal of option
Sale of option 4,000
Cost of option (Rs. 5,000 x 500/1000) (2,500) 1,500
- Exercise of option / Restriction removal
Fair market value (Rs. 60 x 500) 30,000
Less: Cost of shares (Rs. 30 x 500) 15,000
Cost of option (Rs. 5,000 x 500/1000) 2,500
(17,500) 12,500
14,000

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35 MR. AKRAM
(a) Rs 90 / share
Computation of Taxable Income and Tax Liability - Under Scenario (a)
For the Year Ended 30 June, 2023
Tax Year 2023
Particulars Gross Exempt Taxable

Basic salary 1,500,000 - 1,500,000

Income under employee share scheme - Note 1 99,000 - 99,000

Capital gain 100,000 - 100,000

Total Income 1,699,000

Less: Capital gain as separate block of income (100,000)

Taxable Income 1,599,000

Tax Liability

- On Separate block income (Rs. 100,000 @ 15%) 15,000

- On Balance taxable income

Tax on Rs.1,599,000 [Rs.15,000 + (1,599,000 –

1,200,000) x 12.5%] 64,875

Total Tax Payable 79,875

Note 1: Income under employee share scheme
- Exercise of option
Fair market value (Rs. 70 x 5,000) 350,000
Less: Cost of shares (Rs. 50 x 5,000) 250,000
Cost of option 1,000
(251,000)
99,000

Note 2: Capital gain on securities (Separate block income)

Consideration received (Rs. 90 x 5,000) 450,000
Less: Cost of shares (Rs. 50 x 5,000) 250,000
Cost of option 1,000
Amount already charged to salary 99,000
(350,000)
100,000
(b) Rs 40 / share
Computation of Taxable Income and Tax Liability - Under Scenario (b)
For the Year Ended 30 June, 2023
Tax Year 2023

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Particulars Gross Exempt Taxable

Basic salary 1,500,000 - 1,500,000
Income under employee share scheme - Note 1 99,000 - 99,000
Capital gain / (loss) - Note 2 - - -
Taxable Income 1,599,000
Tax Liability
Tax on Rs. 1,599,000 (Rs. 15,000 + 1,599,000
1,200,000) x 12.5% 64,875
Tax Payable 64,875
Note 1: Income under employee share scheme
- Exercise of option
Fair market value (Rs. 70 x 5,000) 350,000
Less: Cost of shares (Rs. 50 x 5,000) 250,000
Cost of option 1,000
(251,000)
99,000
Note 2: Capital gain on securities (Separate block income)
Consideration received (Rs. 40 x 5,000) 200,000
Less: Cost of shares (Rs. 50 x 5,000) 250,000
Cost of option 1,000
Amount already charged to salary 99,000
(350,000)
Note: Capital loss – Cannot be set off with any other income (150,000)

36 MR. AKBER
Computation of Taxable Income and Tax Liability
For the Year Ended 30 June, 2023
Tax Year 2023
Particulars Gross Exempt Taxable
Basic salary (Rs. 160,000 x 9) 1,440,000 - 1,440,000
Travelling allowance (Rs. 12,000 x 9) 108,000 - 108,000
Medical allowance (Rs. 18,000 x 9) - Exempt upto 10%
of basic salary 162,000 (144,000) 18,000
Accommodation - Note 1 607,500 - 607,500
Utilities (Rs. 10,000 x 9) 90,000 - 90,000
Company maintained car [Rs. 1,500,000 (FMV) x 5%
(Business + Pvt. Use) x 9/12) 56,250 - 56,250
Loan waived 100,000 - 100,000
Children's education fee re-imbursement 46,000 - 46,000
Foreign source salary - Note 2 480,000 (480,000) -
Taxable Income 2,465,750

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Particulars Gross Exempt Taxable

Tax Liability

Tax [Rs. 165,000 + (2,465,750 – 2,400,000)] x 20% 178,150

Less: Credit for tax deducted out of salary (Rs. 7,000 x 9) (63,000)

Balance Tax Payable 115,150

Note 1: Value of accommodation
Offered equivalent cash amount (Rs. 50,000 x 9) 450,000

45% of Minimum of time scale (Rs. 150,000 x 9 x 45%) 607,500

Higher of the two 607,500

Note 2: Foreign source salary

Foreign source salary (AED 12,000 x Rs. 40) 480,000
Foreign source salary of a citizen leaving Pakistan and remained outside Pakistan at the end of tax year
is exempt under section 51(2) of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001.

37 SAEED
Computation of total income, taxable income and net tax payable/refundable

For tax year 2023

Income from salary Rupees

Received from HPL

Basic salary (Rs. 600,000 × 9 months) 5,400,000

Medical allowance (Rs. 66,000 × 9 = 594,000 – 5,400,000 × 10%) 54,000

Bonus (Received after year end) -

Company maintained car for:

- office use only -

- personal use only (1,900,000×10%) 190,000

Free food provided in lunch 125,000

Special allowance (fixed amount on monthly basis – fully taxable) -

Provident fund contribution [60,000×9=540,000–150,000] (Allowed limit is 1/10 of the

basic salary or 150,000 whichever is lower) 390,000

6,399,000

Received from DSL

Salary received from DSL (From July 22 to September 22)

(US $ 15,000×3 = 45,000 @ Rs.170) 7,650,000

Total 14,049,000

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Rupees

Income from other source

Dividend income from a listed company (575,000+62,500=637,500+112,500 for
withholding tax) 750,000

Total income 14,799,000

Less:

FTR – Dividend income 1 (750,000)

14,049,000

Less: Deductible allowance

Zakat paid/deducted (62,500)

Taxable income for the year 13,986,500

Less:

Mark-up paid to sch. Bank- No deductible allowance allowed from tax year 2023
onwards

Taxable income for the year 13,986,500

Tax liability

Tax on Rs. 12,000,000 2,955,000

Tax on amount exceeding 8,000,000 [(13,986,500--12,000,000) × 35%] 695,275

3,650,275
Tax under final tax regime

Tax on dividend received 112,500

Total tax liability 3,762,775

Less: Tax already deducted

Tax on dividend income 112,500

Tax withheld from salary 1,300,000

Net tax payable 2,350,275

38 SAJID
The benefit received by Sajid on his retirement would be treated as follows:
(i) Leave encashment comes under the definition of salary and therefore it would be fully taxable.
(ii) Since the amount was received from unapproved PF, the employer’s contribution and interest on
accumulated balance would be taxable in the year of receipt.
(iii) In the case of unapproved gratuity, exemption is available up to Rs. 75,000 or 50% of the amount
receivable, whichever is lower. Therefore, the amount to be included in Sajid’s taxable income
would be Rs. = 2,425,000 (2,500,000 - 75,000).
(iv) Since the market value of the vehicle was more than cost of acquisition the difference i.e. 1,500,000
would be included in his taxable income.

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CHAPTER 6 - INCOME FROM PROPERTY

39 MR. ASAD
COMPUTATION OF TAXABLE INCOME
TAX YEAR 2023
Rental income (Note1) 1,500,000
Less deductions:
Repair allowance (1/5th of gross rent chargeable to tax) 300,000
Property tax 100,000
Municipal/local government taxes 100,000
General and administration charges - upto 4% of rent 60,000
Taxable property income 940,000

Note-1
Rental gross receipts are computed in the following manner:
Particulars Amount Rs.
Annual rent received 1,800,000
Add taxes paid by tenants on behalf of the owner – Note 2 100,000
Total receipts 1,900,000
Advance received for next two years (600,000/3 x 2) – Note 2 (400,000)
Rent chargeable in the current year 1,500,000

Note 2
Rent is not chargeable to tax on receipt basis. Rent relating to a tax year, whether received or receivable
is chargeable to tax in that tax year. Therefore, the sum of Rs 400,000 is deducted from the rent receipts
as the same is an advance rent for the next two years and will be charged to tax in the respective tax
years.
Note 3
Other taxes are paid by the tenant; therefore, addition in rent is made.
40 MR. AKMAL
Computation of Taxable Income and Tax Liability – Under Separate Block of Income
Tax Year 2023
Particulars Flat 1 Flat 2 Flat 3 Total
Rent - Higher of actual rent or fair market rent 300,000 300,000 275,000 875,000
Un-adjustable advance - (1/10 of deposit) 20,000 20,000 5,000 45,000
Forfeited deposit (From first buyer) - - 100,000 100,000
Rent chargeable to tax 320,000 320,000 380,000 1,020,000
Less deductions:
Repair allowance (204,000)
Property tax (60,000)
Net property income 756,000
Tax Liability
Tax on Rs. 756,000 [ (756,000 – 600,000) x 5%] 7,800
Balance Tax Payable 7,800

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41 FARRUKH
Name of Taxpayer: Farrukh
Tax Year: 2023
Personal Status: Individual
INCOME FROM PROPERTY U/S 15 Rupees Rupees

Forfeited deposit 500,000

Rent received from tenants Higher of actual rent (Rs. 1,800,000
150,000 x 10) or fair market rent Rs.2,160,000 x 10/12
Un-adjustable advance - nothing to be added in case of plot

Gross rent chargeable to tax 2,300,000

Less deductions:
Repair allowance - not allowed in case of open land / plot
Ground rent (50,000)
Insurance premium (12,000)
Collection & admin charges - upto 4% (92,000)
Markup on loan Rs.6,500,000 x 12% x 10/12 (650,000)

Net property income 1,496,000

42 MR. AMJAD
(a) ‘Rent’ means any amount received or receivable by the owner of land or a building as consideration
for the use or occupation of, or the right to use or occupy, the land or building, and includes any
forfeited deposit paid under a contract for the sale of land or a building.
Where the owner of a building receives from a tenant an amount which is not adjustable against
the rent payable by the tenant, 1/10th of the amount shall be treated as rent in each year.
(b) Mr. Amjad
Computation of taxable income
For tax year 2023

Income from property Rupees

(i) Residential property at DHA – Karachi (W-1) 2,850,000
(ii) Amount forfeited from Zeeshan 5,000,000
Income from other sources
(i) Factory building at Sukkur – Basit (W-1) 1,625,000
Income from capital gain
(i) Sale of plot in Quetta – Jamshed -
Since the plot was bought in 2015, therefore no tax is payable under the law as
holding is greater than 6 years

Taxable income 9,475,000

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Income from Income other

W-1: property sources
Sukkur -
DHA - Karachi Factory
Rental Income (300,000×12), (500,000×6) 3,600,000 3,000,000
Less: Admissible expenses
Repair to building (allowed upto 1/5 of the rental amount) 720,000 270,000
Repair to machinery - 50,000
Ground rent 10,000 50,000
Insurance – Building 20,000 150,000
Depreciation: Building – Normal [Rs. 9m @ 10%×6/12] - 450,000
Plant – Normal [Rs. 3m @ 15%×6/12] - 225,000
Rs. 2 million @ 18% for 6 months - 180,000
(750,000) (1,375,000)
Net income 2,850,000 1,625,000

43 A, B & C
In the case of A
Income from property is taxable under the normal tax regime. Since A’s total income from property
is less than Rs.200,000 and he has no other source of income, his income from property will not be
chargeable to tax as minimum slab for chargeability starts from Rs.600,000.
In the case of B
In this case net income from property will be clubbed with income from business and chargeable to
tax as per the applicable slabs.
In the case of C
Since C’s income from property, will be
Chargeable to tax under NTR where he would be taxed at the rate applicable on non-salaried individuals.
However, he is allowed to claim deductions of expenditure incurred to earn income from property.

CHAPTER 7 - INCOME FROM BUSINESS-1

44 SUN & MOON CO.
The tax treatment of expenditures of Sun and Moon is as under:

Payment nature Amount Status of admissibility of expenditure

Fees paid to Rs.50,000 This is a cost incurred before the registration of partnership. The
consultants for expense is incurred wholly and exclusively for the purpose of
preparation of business. It will be allowed as pre-commencement expenditure
registration deed and amortized @ 20% of the cost incurred.
Preparation of Rs.100,000 This is allowable as pre-commencement expenditure. Under
feasibility report the law, the taxpayer may claim amortization deduction of pre-
commencement expenditure @ 20% of the cost incurred.
Purchase of office Rs.150,000 It is asset of the company and will be capitalized to avail the
equipment depreciation deduction. Depreciation will be allowed when
asset is put into use.

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Payment nature Amount Status of admissibility of expenditure

Purchase of Rs.1,000,000 It is asset of the company and will be capitalized to avail the
machinery depreciation deduction. Depreciation will be allowed when
asset is put into use.
Freight charges Rs.200,000 Both of these expenses are incurred in connection with bringing
the machinery in commercial operations. These will be
Installation cost Rs.50,000 capitalized as a part of cost of respective assets and
depreciation deduction will be allowed on this cost also.

45 IDEAL ASSOCIATES
(i) Expense on account of mere provision for bad debts cannot be allowed due to following two
conditions:
 All the events, that determine liability, have not occurred and
 The amount of the liability cannot be determined with reasonable accuracy.
However actual bad debts (not provision) shall be allowed as deductions if the following conditions
are satisfied:
 The amount of debt was previously included in the person’s income from business
chargeable to tax; or
 In respect of money lent by a financial institution in deriving income from business
chargeable to tax;
 The debt or part of the debt is written off in the accounts of the person in the tax year; and
 There are reasonable grounds for believing that the debt is irrecoverable.
(ii) Since the trading liability pertaining to the year 2018 has been outstanding since last three years,
therefore, it would have been added back to the income for the tax year 2022 under section 34(5).
However, as the payment has been made in the tax year 2023 the same shall be allowed as
admissible deduction under section 34(6)
(iii) The firm can claim the initial allowance against the imported used plant as:
 It is used in Pakistan for the first time in a tax year.
 It is used by the firm for the purposes of its business
 It falls in the definition of eligible depreciable asset;

46 CARROT LTD
Comments on the deductibility of expenditures charged by CL:
(i) Any expenditure that provides an advantage or benefit for a period of more than one year is
included in the definition of intangibles and is required to be amortized over the period of expected
benefit
As such CL would be allowed to charge only 1/12th of the expense i.e. Rs. 37,500 in tax year 2023.
(ii) Bad debts
Only those bad debts are allowed as admissible deductions which have previously been included
in the taxpayer’s business income chargeable to tax and on fulfillment of some more conditions.
Since the staff loan was not previously offered to tax as business income, it would not be
admissible.
(iii) Recouped expenditure:
Recoupment of an expenditure, in cash or in kind, can only be included in the income chargeable
to tax, in the tax year in which it is received, if previously, the same has been allowed as a
deduction in computing the taxable income.
Since the expenditure incurred by CL on marketing of a commercially imported product was never
allowed as an admissible expense as it related to an income which was taxable under Final Tax
Regime in tax year 2019, it cannot be added to the taxable income of the company in tax year
2023 at the time of its recoupment.

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(iv) Initial allowance:

Initial allowance is only admissible on such plant and machinery which was not previously used
in Pakistan.
Since in this case, the equipment was previously used in Pakistan, the initial allowance is not
admissible.
(v) Vehicle on finance lease:
Entire lease rentals paid during the year, on leased assets, i.e. Rs. 400,000 shall be allowed as
admissible deduction.
Following expenditures however, would not be admissible:
Finance charges Rs. 100,000
Depreciation Rs. 200,000

47 ENTERTAINMENT EXPENDITURE
The prescribed limits / conditions for the deduction of entertainment expenditure are as under:
The expenditure should be incurred in deriving income from business chargeable to tax and should be
limited to expenditure incurred which satisfies the following conditions:
 expenditure incurred outside Pakistan on entertainment in connection with business transactions or
is allocated as head office expenditure;
 expenditure incurred in Pakistan on entertainment of foreign customers and suppliers;
 expenditure incurred on entertainment of customers and clients at the person’s business premises;
 expenditure incurred on entertainment at a meeting of shareholders, agents, directors or
employees; or
 expenditure incurred on entertainment at the opening of branches.
A deduction shall only be allowed for expenditure incurred on the entertainment of persons related
directly to person’s business

48 KAMYAB ENTERPRISES (KE)

Computation of total income, taxable income and net tax payable/refundable For tax year 2023

Rupees
Income from business
Profit before tax 12,707,000
Add: Inadmissible expenses / admissible income
Accounting depreciation 1,200,000
Salary paid in cash 40,000
Cost related to scientific research incurred in Pakistan -
Expenditure paid to Chinese company for research work 700,000
Instalment of industrial plot being capital payment in nature 650,000
Purchase of goats for Eid-ul-Azha 225,000
Donation to approved NPO 1,000,000
Health insurance premium 200,000
4,015,000

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Rupees
Less: Admissible expenses and inadmissible / FTR income
Tax refund received from Income tax department (720,000)
Tax depreciation (W-1) (1,590,015)
Loss on disposal of motor vehicle (W-2) (28,000)
Capital gain not to be taxed under business income (430,000+250,000) (680,000)
(3,018,015)
Income from business 13,703,985

Capital gain
Capital gain on sale of securities (430,000+250,000) 680,000

Income from other sources

Additional payment received on delayed tax refund 80,000
Total income for the year from all sources 14,463,985

Less:
Capital gain on disposal of investment in Himmat Limited as separate block of
income (250,000)
Donation to NPO listed in 13th Schedule (1,000,000×40%) *(400,000)
Taxable income under NTR 13,813,985

Tax liability
Tax on Rs. 6,000,000 1,330,000
On balance (13,813,985–6,000,000)×35%) 2,734,895
Tax liability under normal tax regime 4,064,895
Tax credit on:
donations (4,064,895÷13,813,985×*600,000) (176,556)
health insurance premium- Not allowed from tax year 2023
3,888,339
Capital gain under section 37A 250,000×12.5% 31,250
Tax payable by Abbas 3,919,589

*being donation amount is less than 30% of taxable income.

W-1: Tax depreciation: Rupees
Opening balances:
Plant and machinery (6,860,000×15%) 1,029,000
Computer and related products (800,000×30%) 240,000
Motor vehicles 2,222,000[3,000,000–778,000(W-2)]×15%×80% 266,640
1,535,640

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Rupees
New computer:
Initial allowance (150,000×25%) 37,500
Normal depreciation (150,000×75%×30%×50%) 16,875
1,590,015
W-2: Computation of tax loss on sale of motor vehicle
Cost 1,000,000
Depreciation TY 2021 (1,000,000×15%) (150,000)
TY 2022 (850,000×15%) (127,500)
TY 2023 -
(277,500)
Tax WDV 722,500
Disallowed depreciation (277,500×20%) 55,500
778,000
Sale proceeds 750,000
Loss on disposal 28,000

CHAPTER 8 - INCOME FROM BUSINESS-2

49 INTANGIBLE ASSETS
(a) “Intangible” means any patent, invention, design or model, secret formula or process, copyright,
scientific or technical knowledge, computer software, motion picture film, export quotas, franchise,
license, intellectual property, or other like property or right, contractual rights and any expenditure
that provides an advantage or benefit for a period of more than one year (other than expenditure
incurred to acquire a depreciable asset or unimproved land) but shall not include self-generated
goodwill or any adjustment arising on account of accounting treatment in the manner as may be
prescribed..
(b) A person shall be allowed an amortization deduction in a tax year for the cost of the person’s
intangibles -
 That are wholly or partly used by the person in the tax year in deriving income from business
chargeable to tax; and
 That has a normal useful life exceeding one year.
No deduction shall be allowed where a deduction has been allowed under another section of the
Ordinance for the entire cost of intangible in the tax year in which the intangible is acquired.
The total deductions allowed to a person in the current tax year and all previous tax years in respect
of an intangible shall not exceed the cost of intangible.
The amortization deduction of a person for a tax year shall be computed according to the following
formula, namely: -
A/B

Where -
A Is the cost of intangible; and
B Is the normal useful life of the intangible in whole years

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An intangible that does not have an ascertainable useful life, shall be treated as if it had a normal
useful life of 25 years.
Where an intangible is used in a tax year partly in deriving income from business chargeable to tax
and partly for another use, the deduction allowed for that year shall be restricted to the fair
proportional part of the amount that would be allowed if the intangible were wholly used to derive
income from business chargeable to tax.
Where an intangible is not used for the whole of the tax year in deriving income from business
chargeable to tax, the deduction allowed under this section shall be computed according to the
following formula, namely:-
A×B/C
where -
A Is the amount of amortization
B Is the number of days in the tax year the intangible is used in deriving income from business
chargeable to tax; and
C Is the number of days in the tax year.
Where, in any tax year, a person disposes of an intangible, no amortization deduction shall be
allowed for that year.
An intangible that is available for use on a day (including a non-working day) is treated as used on
that day.

50 MR. QATEEL
Computation of income tax liability
For the tax year 2023 Rupees

Income from business

Accounting profit before taxation 2,809,297

Add: Inadmissible expenses/admissible income

Fine paid – violation of the contract with customer for delay in

supplies (inadmissible where violating a law/ rule/ regulation) -

Vehicle tax (inadmissible where violating a law/ rule/ regulation) -

Accounting depreciation 1,900,000

Renewal of license fee 450,000

Replacement of transformer (KESC) – security deposit 200,000

Advance tax collected (KESC) 300,000

Donation paid in cash to poor families 64,600

Donation paid to Edhi Foundation in cash 2,000,000

Penalty paid to CIR for late filing of return 25,000

Entertainment expenditures – foreign customer -

Finance charges on lease machinery 35,703

4,975,303

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Rupees
Less: Admissible expenses & inadmissible/FTR income
Renewal of license fee [450,000/15] 30,000
Gain on sale of a private limited company shares 1,200,000
Tax depreciation as given 1,560,000
Tax depreciation on warehouse constructed N-1 104,000
Lease rental paid 270,000
Dividend income 580,000
Tax depreciation on leased machinery acquired by paying residual
value 100,000 x 15% x 15,000
3,759,000
4,025,600
Income from other source
Dividend 800,000
Capital gain
Sale of shares 1,200,000
Total income for the year 6,025,600

Less: Dividend income (FTR income) (800,000)

5,225,600
Zakat deducted on dividend (100,000)
5,125,600

Taxable income under NTR 5,125,600

Computation of tax liability
Tax on Rs. 5,125,600 (Rs.405,000+ (5,125,600-3,600,000)x 25% 786,400
Tax payable under NTR 786,400
13th
Less tax credit on donation to institutions mentioned in
schedule Rs.786,400/5,125,600 x lower of Rs.2m or 30%
(Rs.1,537,680) of taxable income (235,920)
Tax on dividend – FTR (15%) 120,000
Total tax liability 670,480
Advance tax collected on electricity bill (300,000)
Advance tax paid (480,000)
Advance tax on dividend (120,000)
(900,000)
Balance tax refundable (229,520)
N-1: Warehouse constructed 1,040,000
Tax depreciation @ 10% x Rs. 1,040,000 104,000
WDV 936,000

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Rupees
N-2: Gross Dividend
Dividend received 580,000
Add: Zakat paid 100,000
680,000
Add: Advance tax deducted 120,000
Grossed up with amount of tax deducted @ 15% 800,000

51 SALMAN SHAHID
a) Loss on disposal of a vehicle used by manager

Fair market value (Rupees)

Consideration received on disposal of passenger transport vehicle not plying for

hire A×B/C Where 7.8 ×7.5/8.1) 7,222,222
(A is the amount received on disposal of the vehicle; B is the amount allowed
as per law i.e. Rs. 2.5 milion; and C is the actual cost of acquiring the vehicle.)

Written down value of vehicle (7.5×85%×85%×85%)

(4,605,937)
No depreciation has been charged in the year of disposal as the same will have
no effect on the taxable income of the taxpayer

Income from business 2,616,285

b) Disposal of machine
The capital gain is determined as follows:

Rupees

Insurance claim received from the shipping company 1,840,000

Scrap value of the machine 350,000

2,190,000

Purchase price of the machine (1,900,000)

Documentation charges incurred (38,000)

Income from capital gain 252,000

52 MISCELLANEOUS
a. Accounting revaluation of factory building has no bearing on tax written down value. Consequently,
depreciation will be allowed on tax written down values of building without taking into account the
effect of revaluation.
b. Since Shahbaz has purchased the machinery with a loan repayable in USD and before full and final
repayment of the loan, if there is an increase or decrease in the loan liability, in terms of rupee, due to
exchange rate fluctuation, the amount by which the liability is increased or reduced shall be added to
or reduced from the cost of the asset, as the case may be.
However, difference if any, on account of foreign currency fluctuation, shall be taken into account in the
year of occurrence for the purposes of depreciation.

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53 SHAHID
Computation of total income, taxable income and net tax payable/refundable
For tax year 2023
Rupees
Computation of profit under accrual basis of accounting
Profit as given in the question - on cash basis 6,427,000
Adjustment on account of:
- closing stock under absorption cost method 3,200,000
- closing stock under prime cost method (2,800,000)
400,000
Profit under accrual basis of accounting 6,827,000

Income from business

Profit before taxation 6,827,000
Add: Inadmissible expenses/admissible income
Purchases of packing material (440,000×20%) 88,000
Freight charges on goods - allowed expenditure -
Salary allowed as paid for business activities (brother) -
Penalty for late filing of income tax return 15,000
Expenditure on promotion of a product 950,000
1,053,000
Less: Admissible expenses/inadmissible income
Expenditure made for promotion of a product = 950,000/5 (190,000)
Tax depreciation (680,000)
Gain on sale of shares (45,000)
Agriculture income - Exempt income (980,000)
Profit on debt (450,000)
(2,345,000)
5,535,000
Less: Unabsorbed tax depreciation - brought forward (568,000)
Total business income for the year 4,967,000
Capital gain
Gain on the sale of 20,000 shares 51,750
Income from other sources
Profit on fixed deposit account (FTR income) 450,000
Exempt income
Rent received for the agriculture land 980,000
Total income 6,448,750

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Rupees
Less:
Capital gain on sale of shares (Separate block of income) 51,750
Profit on fixed deposit account (FTR) 450,000
Rent received for the agriculture income (Exempt) 980,000
1,481,750
4,967,000
Less: Deductible allowance
Zakat paid / deducted 93,750
Taxable income for the year 4,873,250
Tax liability
Tax on Rs. 4,000,000 680,000
Tax on amount exceeding Rs. 4,000,000@ 32.5% 283,806
963,806
Profit on debt taxable as separate block Rs.450,000 x 15% 67,500
Tax on capital gain @ 12.5% (Rs. 51,750 @ 0.125) 6,469
1,037,775
Less: Tax deducted
by customers 875,000
on capital gain 6,750
on fixed deposit account 45,000
926,750
Net tax payable 111,025

CHAPTER 9 - CAPITAL GAINS

54 MR. SHAHBAZ
 This is a loss on sale of shares of a listed company sustained in tax year 2023. This can be set off
against the gain from any securities chargeable to tax in the tax year 2023. This can be carried
forward in the next three tax years.
 It is a taxable gain. Full amount will be taxable.
 It is a taxable gain. Full amount will be taxable.
 Loss from sales of sculpture is not allowed to be recognized.
 It is a capital loss and it can be set off against capital gains only. It can also be carried forward for
adjustment against capital gains under section 37 during the succeeding six tax years.

55 SALEHA
i. Since Saleha inherited paintings from her father, the value at which her father originally purchased
the painting would be treated to be its cost. Hence, cost of the painting would be Rs. 1,000,000. and
there is a gain of Rs. 250,000.
ii. The cost of the Jewellery would be Rs. 1,300,000 i.e. the value thereof at the time of gift. Therefore,
the gain of Rs. 1,000,000 should be recognized.

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iii. The car sold by Saleha was being used by her for business purposes and therefore depreciation was
also being charged on it. However, depreciable assets are specifically excluded from the definition of
capital assets. Therefore, no capital gain or loss would arise on the disposal of car. However, the
gain on disposal of business used car shall be taxable under the head income from Business under
section 22(8)(a) of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001.
iv. No capital gain/loss will arise as any movable property held for personal use by the person is excluded
from the definition of capital assets.

56 VEHICLE AND SCULPTURES

a) Under the ITO 2001, any movable property held for personal use are excluded from the definition of
capital assets. Therefore, income from sale of personal vehicles are not taxable under the head
Capital Gains

(b) Gain/ Loss on disposal of sculpture Sculpture I Sculpture II

Fair market value of sculpture when they lost 360,000 540,000

Consideration allocation ratio (360/900, 540/900)

based on fair market value 40% 60%

Consideration on the basis of allocation ratio 376,000 564,000

Less: Cost of acquisition (410,000) (475,000)

(Loss)/Gain on disposal of sculpture *(34,000) 89,000

Taxable income - 89,000

*The loss shall not be recognised on the disposal of sculpture

CHAPTER 10 - INCOME FROM OTHER SOURCES

57 MULTIPLE INDIVIDUALS
(i) Authors
Section 89 states that where the time taken by an author of a literary or artistic work to complete
the work exceeds twenty-four months, the author may elect to treat any lump sum amount received
by the author in a tax year on account of royalties in respect of the work as having been received
in that tax year and the preceding two tax years in equal proportions.
Therefore, Mr. Danishwar can spread the amount of Rs. 900,000 over the period of three years in
equal proportions i.e. Rs. 300,000 each starting from tax year 2023 to preceding two tax years
2022 and 2021.
(ii) Foreign-source income of returning expatriates
Section 51 of the Ordinance states that any foreign-source income derived by a citizen of Pakistan
in a tax year who was not a resident individual in any of the four tax years preceding the tax year
in which the individual became a resident shall be exempt from tax in the tax year in which the
individual became a resident and in the following tax year.
Since, Mr. Bari became a resident in tax year 2023 the foreign source income derived in the tax
year 2023 would be exempt from tax.

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58 MS. BEENASIKANDAR
Income year ended 30 June 2023
Tax year 2023
INCOME FROM SALARY Rupees
Director's remuneration (Rs. 100,000 × 12) 1,200,000
Bonus (Rs. 100,000 × 2) 200,000
Fee received for attending the BOD’s meetings 150,000
Company maintained car (Rs. 2,000,000 × 5%) 100,000
1,650,000
Income from business W-1 5,540,000
Taxable income 7,190,000
COMPUTATION OF TAX PAYABLE (For non-salaried individuals)
Income tax on Rs. 7,190,000 [Rs.1,330,000 + (7,190,000 - 6,000,000) x 35%] 1,746,500
Less: Tax credit on donations (Rs. 250,000 × 1,746,500/7,190,000) u/s 61 (60,727)
Total tax liability 1,685,773
Tax withheld / deducted at source
By clients (200,000)
By AFL (tax deducted from salary) (390,000)
By AFL (tax deducted from payment for attending the BOD meeting) (9,000)
Balance Tax Payable 1,086,773

WORKING 1
Computation of Business Income
Net profit for the year 3,500,000
Add: Inadmissible expenses
Salary drawn by Beena (Rs. 50,000 × 12) 600,000
Donation not allowed (Only tax credit allowed u/s 61) 250,000
Gift to her son 50,000
Security deposit of leased vehicle 500,000
Professional fee (personal) 150,000
Property expenses (350,000 × 2/5) 140,000
Payments to Golf Club (Cash payment over Rs. 50,000) 150,000
Tax withheld by clients 200,000
Income from business 5,540,000

COMMENTS
Bonus pertaining to tax year 2022: Salary is taxable on the basis of receipt. Therefore, salary income
for the tax year 2023 will include bonus for tax year 2022 as it is paid after the fiscal year end.
Bad debts recovered: The recovered bad debt is treated as income because it was claimed and allowed
as expense in tax year 2018.
Salary to brother: Salary paid to her brother is an allowable expense as he is working as an employee
in the firm.
Gift to clients are allowable business expense and therefore not added back.
Lease rental paid to the bank is allowable business expense.

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CHAPTER 11 – TAXATION OF INDIVIDUALS

59 MR. ASHRAF
Sub: Tax credit for Donations u/s 61 of the Income Tax Ordinance 2001
Dear Sir,
We explain as under allowance for donation, which you can claim under the provisions of section 61 of
the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001:
(a) PAID RS. 200,000 IN CASH TO A RELIEF FUND SPONSORED BY THE GOVERNMENT
Under section 61(4), a taxpayer is entitled to a tax credit in respect of any sum paid through
crossed cheque. As in your case the payment has been made in cash, you cannot claim the tax
credit on the donation stated above.
(b) PERSONAL CAR GIVEN TO AN INSTITUTION APPROVED AS NON PROFIT ORGANISATION
Donations given to an approved non-profit organization in kind are admissible under section 61
of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001.
As per rule 228(4) of Income Tax Rules 2002 this shall be original cost reduced by 10% for each
year but not less than the 50% of the cost therefore the admissible amount of the donation is:

Cost 800,000
Reduced by 10% for 4 years (800,000 x 10%) x 4 (320,000)
480,000

(c) MEDICINE TO A PRIVATE HOSPITAL PURCHASED AT THE TOTAL COST OF Rs.100,000

Donation to private hospital is not admissible under section 61 of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001
and tax credit on donations is only admissible where the said donation is paid to the organizations
mentioned in section 2(36). This list does not include a private hospital and as such no tax credit
shall be available in respect of this donation.
Donation on which credit can be claimed are calculated as follows:

Gross Amount
Donation
Amount Admissible

(i) Paid in cash to a relief fund 200,000 0

(ii) Personal car given to an approved non-profit organization 600,000 480,000

(iii) Medicine to private hospital 100,000 0

Total 480,000

Section 61 of the income tax ordinance, 2001 also requires that the aggregate amount of the
donation must not be in excess of 30% of the taxable income in the case of an individual assesse.
In your case this limit is:

Taxable income 8,000,000

30% of the taxable income 2,400,000

As the admissible amount is less than Rs. 2,400,000, hence, you are entitled to claim tax credit on
Rs.480,000 at the average rate of tax.

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60 MR. MUSADDIQUE NOOR

RESIDENT INDIVIDUAL
TAX YEAR 2023
COMPUTATION OF TAXABLE INCOME

Exemption/
Gross Taxable
Particulars admissible Remarks
amount income
deductions
Income from salary
Basic salary 2,400,000 - 2,400,000
House rent allowance 960,000 - 960,000
Utility allowance 120,000 - 120,000
Medical allowance 120,000 120,000 - Exempt up to 10% of
basic salary U/c 139
Part I, 2nd Sch.
Co. maintained car 60,000 - 60,000 Rs.1,200,000 x 5%
Interest on housing loan 55,000 - - Not taxable upto
Rs. 1 million
Gratuity 75,000 37,500 37,500 (50% of gratuity is
Exempt u/c 13 of
2nd Sch.)
Income from salary (A) 3,577,500
Income from property
Rent from house let out 1,200,000
Un-adjustable advance N-1 170,000 1,370,000
Income from property
Less deductions
Repair allowance (1/5th of GRCT) 274,000
Collection charges-upto 4% of GRCT 54,800
Ground rent 10,000
Property tax 15,000 980,200
HBFC Rent sharing 36,000
389,800
Income from other sources
Profit on debt 10,000
Commission-Subject to NTR 20,000
as average rate is greater than
12%.
Lecturing and examination fee 20,000
Income from other sources (C) 50,000
Total Income (A+B+C) 4,607,700
Less: profit on debt since FTR (10,000)
Taxable income 4,597,700

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Exemption/
Gross Taxable
Particulars admissible Remarks
amount income
deductions
Computation of Income tax liability
Tax on Rs. 4,597,700 (405,000+ (4,577,700-3,600,000) x 25%
(Salaried slab to be used as salary income is more than 75% of
total income) 654,425
Tax on profit on debt 10,000 @ 15% 1,500
Total tax liability 655,925
Less tax deducted
Tax on salary 150,000
Tax on PLS account profit 1,000
Tax on commission 2,000
Total tax paid (153,000)
Balance tax payable 502,925
Note 1: Un-adjustable advance Rs.
Un adjustable advance 2,000,000
Less advance already changed 1,000,000 /10  3 (300,000)
Balance amount 1,700,000
Advance chargeable as rent 1,700,000/10 170,000

Note 2: Lecturing and examination fee

Lecturing and examination fee has been offered to tax under the normal tax regime. In case tax was
deducted on the same, tax deductible @ 10% would have been treated as minimum tax and compared
against the proportionate income tax liability calculated under the normal tax regime.

61 DR.A. A.QURESHI
RESIDENT INDIVIDUAL
TAX YEAR 2023
COMPUTATION OF TAXABLE INCOME

Particulars Rupees
Taxable income from business N-1 441,000
Rental income net of repair allowance 576,000
Taxable income 1,017,000
Computation of tax liability
Tax on Rs. 1,027,5000 37,125
Total tax
Tax deducted 60,000
Balance tax refundable (22,875)

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Note 1
INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT
Payments Amount Receipts Amount
Rent of clinic 24,000 consultation fees 450,000
Salary to assistant 36,000 visiting fees 100,000
Car running expenses
(30,000 x1/3) 10,000 remuneration from articles
Stationery 5,000 published in magazines 12,000
Depreciation of motorcar
(300,000 x 15% x 1/3) 15,000
Utilities 25,000
Depreciation on
Surgical Equipment
(40,000 x 15%) 6,000
Balance Income 441,000
Total 562,000 562,000
Note:
EXPLANTORY NOTES:
1. Under the law, the admissible depreciation on the vehicle is 15%, whereas the rate of depreciation
on the surgical equipment is 15% of cost.
2. It is assumed that advance tax has been deducted on rent, therefore, consultancy and visiting fee
has been offered to tax under the normal tax regime. In case tax was deducted on consultancy and
visiting fee, tax deductible @ 10% would have been treated as minimum tax and compared against
the proportionate income tax liability calculated under the normal tax regime.

62 MR.QAIS MANSOOR
RESIDENT INDIVIDUAL
TAX YEAR 2023

Exemption/adm
Gross Taxable
Particulars issible Remarks
amount income
deductions
Income from salary
Basic salary 1,440,000 - 1,440,000
House rent allowance 600,000 - 600,000 HR allowance is totally
taxable under Rule
4under section 12(2)(c)
Utility allowance 240,000 - 240,000
Medical allowance 240,000 - 240,000 Medical allowance in
addition to expenses
borne according to
terms of employment,
therefore, the medical
allowance is not exempt
from tax.
Bonus 360,000 - 360,000
Special merit award 240,000 - 240,000

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Exemption/adm
Gross Taxable
Particulars issible Remarks
amount income
deductions
Co maintained car - - - Reimbursement of car
maintenance expenses
used for official purpose
is not to be added to
salary income.
Funeral expenses of 20,000 - 20,000
parents

Medical expenses 100,000 100,000 - Exempt U/c 139 Part I,

2nd Sch.
Free furnished 648,000 - 648,000 Higher of Rs.648,000
accommodations (i.e. 45% of Rs.
1,440,000) or Rs.
600,000
Tax borne by employer 50,000 - 50,000 Section 13(10)
3,838,000

Income from other source 500,000 500,000 Exempt To be added for

President award calculation of total
income Section 45
Capital gains

Gain on disposal of listed 200,000 - 200,000 Gain on disposal of

company shares securities shall be
chargeable to tax under
separate block income

Gain on disposal of land 1,000,000 - 1,000,000 Gain on disposal of land

within 6 years’ time is
taxable under Separate
block of income.
Total Income 5,538,000
Less gain on sale of listed shares and land (1,200,000)
Less exempt income (President award) (500,000)

Taxable Income 3,838,000

Computation of income tax liability on the taxable income

Tax on normal rates for salaried individual

Tax on Rs. 3,838,000 [Rs.405,000 + 25% of amount
exceeding Rs.3,600,000] 464,500

Tax on gain on disposal of land [(Rs. 1,000,000 x 10%) 100,000

Listed company shares Rs.200,000 x 12.5% 25,000

Tax credit on approved donations 464,500/3,838,000 x

500,000 (60,513)

Tax after tax credit 528,987

Less: Tax paid by employer on behalf of employee (200,000)

Balance tax payable 328,987

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Note: Tax credit on donation is only available to a maximum of 30% of taxable income of an individual.
No tax credit is available on children education expenses paid and fee to solicitor.
Prior year income is not taxable in the current year as it is taxable in the relevant year by revising the last
year tax returns.
Purchase of car is increase in assets and it is not allowable as an expense.
No deductible allowance on education expenses will be admissible as taxable income is greater than
Rs. 1.5 million.
63 MR.A. D. CHUGHTAI
RESIDENT INDIVIDUAL
TAX YEAR 2023
COMPUTATION OF TAXABLE INCOME
Exemption/ad
Gross Taxable
Particulars missible Remarks
amount income
deductions
Income from salary
Basic pay 2,100,000 - 2,100,000
House rent allowance 600,000 - 600,000
Utility allowance 60,000 - 60,000
Medical allowance 100,000 100,000 - Medical allowance is exempt
up 10% of basic salary from
tax u/c 139 part I, 2nd Sch.
Bonus 210,000 - 210,000
Cost of living allowance 70,000 - 70,000
Co. maintained car 90,000 - 90,000 [Rs. 1,800,000 x 5%]
Servant allowance 30,000 - 30,000
Leave fare assistance 50,000 - 50,000
Employer contribution to 80,000 80,000 - It is assumed that provident
Provident fund fund is recognized. Lesser
of 10% of (basic salary +
cost of living allowance)
(2,100,000 + 70,000) =
Rs.2,170,000 x 10% or
Rs. 150,000 is exempt.
Employer contribution to 80,000 80,000 - Exempt
pension fund
Income from other sources
Dividend (FTR) 30,000
Profit on PLS account (FTR) 50,000
Professional fee 50,000 50,000
Total income 3,340,000
Less: Zakat deducted (2,000)
Dividend (FTR) (30,000)
Profit on PLS account (FTR) (50,000)
Taxable income 3,258,000

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Exemption/ad
Gross Taxable
Particulars missible Remarks
amount income
deductions

Computation of income tax liability on the taxable income

Tax on Rs.3,258,000 [Rs.165,000 + 20% of amount 336,600
exceeding Rs.2,400,000]
Tax on Profit on PLS account Rs. 50,000 @15% 7,500
Total tax 344,100
Tax on dividend income (assumed gross) (30,000 @ 15%) 4,500
Total tax 348,600
Less: tax deducted from:
Salary (100,000)
Dividend (3,000)
Profit on PLS account (5,000)
Balance tax payable 240,600

Note: Profession fee income has been offered to tax under the normal tax regime. In case tax was
deducted on the same, tax deductible @ 10% would have been treated as minimum tax and compared
against the proportionate income tax liability calculated under the normal tax regime.
No deductible allowance on education expenses will be admissible as taxable income is greater than
Rs. 1.5 million.

64 MR. HYDER
(a) As a legal representative, Mr. Hyder is liable for any tax, which would have been payable by his
uncle, if he had not died. However, such liability is limited to the extent of Rs. 10 million i.e. value
of his deceased uncle’s estate.
Any proceeding taken against his uncle shall be continued against Mr. Hyder from the stage at
which it stood on the date of his uncle’s death. Further, any proceeding which could have been
taken against the deceased if he had survived may be taken against the legal representative.
(b) A person should apportion the expenditure, deductions and allowances for the purpose of claiming
deduction, where expenditure relates to:
 The derivation of more than one head of income; or
 Derivation of income comprising of taxable income and any class of income subject to
separate taxation or on which the tax collected at source is treated to be the final tax liability
of the person.
 The derivation of income chargeable to tax under a head of income and to some other
purpose.

65 DONATION
Mr. Qamar shall be entitled for A tax credit in respect of any sum paid in the tax year as a donation
Tax credit
A person shall be entitled to a tax credit in respect of any sum paid, or any property given by the person
in the tax year as a donation to:
 any board of education or any university in Pakistan established by, or under, a Federal or a Provincial
law;
 any educational institution, hospital or relief fund established or run in Pakistan by Federal Government
or a Provincial Government or a local Government; or

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 any non-profit organization.

 Entities. Organizations and funds mentioned in 13th Schedule
 The amount of a person’s tax credit allowed for a tax year shall be computed according to
the following formula, namely:
(A/B) x C
Where:
A is the amount of tax assessed to the person for the tax year before allowance of any tax
credit
B is the person’s taxable income for the tax year; and
C is the lesser of:
 the total amount of the person’s donations including the fair market value of any property
given; or
 where the person is:
 an individual or association of persons, 30% of the taxable income of the person for the
year; or
 A company, 20% of the taxable income of the person for the year.
Above limit of 30%/20% shall be reduced by 50% in case donation is paid to associate.

66 MR. ZAMEER ANSARI

Computation of taxable income and tax thereon
For the tax year 2023

Income from salary (A) Rupees

Basic salary (Rs. 200,000 x 12) 2,400,000
Medical allowance (Rs. 30,000 x 12) [Note 2] 360,000
Utilities allowance (Rs. 10,000 x 12) 120,000
School fees (Rs. 15,000 x 12) 180,000
Rent free furnished accommodation (Rs. 2,400,000 x 45%) 1,080,000
Car used for business purposes only (exempted) -
Car used for personal as well as business purposes (Rs.1,800,000x5%) 90,000
Payment to an approved pension fund (exempted) -
Employee share option - charged to salary in tax year 2020 and Leave encashment (paid -
after tax year 2023)
Payment to approved pension fund-exempt
Income from Salary 4,230,000

Income from property (B)

Rental income 264,000

Add: Un-adjustable security deposits {132,000 (W-1) x 1/10} 13,200

Income from property - gross 277,200

Less: 1/5th repair allowance (55,440)

Income from property - Net 221,760

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Capital gain (C)

Gain on sale of shares [15,000 shares x Rs. (48-42) 90,000

Income from other sources (D)
Profit on fixed deposit (FTR) 75,000
Total income (A+B+C+D) 4,616,760
Less: Zakat (2,500)
Less: Profit on fixed deposit (FTR) (75,000)
Taxable income 4,539,260
Computation of tax liability
Tax on Rs. 4,516,760 [405,000+(4,539,260 – 3,600,000) x 25%] 639,815
Tax liability on profit on debt under FTR (Rs.75,000 x 15%) 11,250
Total tax liability 651,065
Less: Tax deducted at source
On salary income (250,000)
On profit on debt (7,500)
Balance tax payable 393,565
W-1: Un-adjustable security deposits
Received from new tenants 150,000
Amount charged to tax in 2020 & 2021 (Rs. 90,000 x 2/10) (18,000)
132,000

Note 1: No addition in salary income is needed for car provided by the employer solely for business use.
Note 2: As medical facility was also available, medical allowance is fully chargeable.
Note3: The deductible allowance u/s 60D on child’s educational expenses shall not be allowed as the
taxable income is more than Rs.1,500,000.

67 MS. SAIMA
Computation of taxable income
For the Tax year 2023
Income from salary (A) Rupees
Basic salary (Rs.400,000 x 12) 4,800,000
Medical allowance (Note 1 - Rs.40,000 x 12) 480,000
Medical reimbursement - fully exempt
Conveyance allowance (Rs.60,000 x 12) 720,000
Bonus 800,000
Tax borne by the employer (Note 1.1) 200,000
Income from salary (A) 7,000,000
Capital gain
Consideration received 1,000,000
Less: Cost of the painting to be taken as original cost of transferor (500,000)
500,000

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Capital gain (B) (Note 2) 500,000

Sale of plot-not taxable
Income from property 1,000,000
Income from other source
Teaching fee 522,222
Less expenses (70,000)
452,222
Loan received from sister (Note 3) 5,000,000
Prices and winnings 200,000
Income from other sources (D) 5,652,222
Total Income (A+B+C+D) 14,152,222

Less: Prices and winnings (200,000)

Taxable income (A+B+D) 13,952,222

Income from property

Forfeited deposit under the agreement for sale of land is covered by the definition of rent, therefore taxed
accordingly.
Gain on the sale of plot by Ms. Saima would not be taxable as the plot is being sold after six years from
the date of acquisition.
Prizes and winnings
The tax deducted on a prize won in quiz competition is subject to final tax and, therefore, the related
income is not included in the taxable income.
Note 1
No exemption shall be allowed on medical allowance as she is also eligible for medical reimbursement
under the terms of the employment. Such reimbursement is, however, not taxable.
Note 1.1
Where an employer agrees to pay the tax chargeable on an employee’s salary, the amount of the
employee’s income chargeable under the head “Salary” shall be grossed up by the amount of tax payable
by the employer.
Note 2
Where the capital asset becomes the property of the person by inheritance, the cost of original transferor
is treated to be the cost of the asset.
Note 3
Any amount received as a loan, advance, deposit or gift by a person in a tax year from another person
(not being a banking company or financial institution) otherwise than by a crossed cheque drawn on a
bank or through a banking channel from a person holding a National Tax Number shall be treated as
income chargeable to tax under the head “Income from Other Sources” for the tax year in which it was
received. Therefore, the amount received by Ms. Saima from her sister would be chargeable to tax as
income from other sources.
Note 4
Teaching fee has been offered to tax under the normal tax regime. In case tax was deducted on the
same, tax deductible @ 10% would have been treated as minimum tax and compared against the
proportionate income tax liability calculated under the normal tax regime.

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68 MR. BILAL
Section 39(3) of the Income Tax ordinance states that any amount received on account of followings:
 a loan,
 advance,
 deposit for issuance of shares or
 gift
by a person in a tax year from another person (other than a banking company or financial institution).
 otherwise than by a crossed cheque drawn on a bank or
 through a banking channel from a person holding a National Tax Number
shall be treated as income chargeable to tax under the head “Income from Other Sources” for the tax
year in which it was received. Therefore, the amount received in cash by Mr. Bilal can be treated as
income, in the tax year 2023.

69 MR. FAISAL
Following are the provisions regarding claiming foreign tax credit available to a resident taxpayer:
 The amount of tax credit available to a resident taxpayer will be the lesser of:
 Income tax paid abroad; and
 Pakistan tax payable on foreign-sourced income.
 The Pakistan tax payable in respect of foreign source income derived by a taxpayer in a tax year
shall be computed by applying the average rate of Pakistan income tax applicable to the taxpayer
for the year against the taxpayer’s net foreign source income for that year.
 The amount of tax credit is calculated separately for taxable income under each head of income.
 Foreign tax credit is given only if foreign income tax is paid within two (02) years after the end of
the tax year in which related foreign income was derived.
 While determining tax liability for a tax year, the amount of foreign tax credit is reduced from the
gross tax liability before reduction for any other tax credits, such as, those relating to donations,
investments and income tax paid in Pakistan.
 In case credit for foreign tax is not fully utilized in the year it is generated, the excess amount is
neither refundable nor can it be carried to another tax year.
 Tax credit is not allowed for tax paid outside Pakistan on foreign-sourced income which is not
chargeable to tax or is exempt from tax in Pakistan.

70 TAQI AHMED
Taqi Ahmed
Computation of total income, taxable income and net tax payable/refundable
For the tax year 2023
Income from Salary: Rupees
Basic Salary [(400,000+(440,000 × 11)] 5,240,000
Conveyance allowance [(40,000+(44,000 × 11)] 524,000
Medical allowance [(40,000+(44,000 × 11)] 524,000
Health insurance benefit - Exempt as it is per terms of employment -
Daily allowance (Special allowance) [Sec 12(2c)] 400,000
Performance bonus for tax year 2023 but received in August 2023 -
Director's fees for attending board meeting – ZTL 100,000
Loan waived by ZTL (Rs.2,500,000 × 23/50) (Repayment is made in advance for each
month) 1,150,000
Imputed/deemed interest on loan (1,800,000×10%x9/12) from July 2022 to March 2023 135,000
8,073,000

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Income from property

Rental amount (1,800,000−300,000) 1,500,000

Less 1/5th repair allowance (300,000)

Net property income 1,200,000
Income from other sources

Bonus shares received (Not taxable) -

Dividend income (FTR) (Rs.150,000/0.7) 214,286

Value of amenities and utilities included in rent 300,000

514,286

Capital gain

Consideration received on disposal [15,000×85] 1,275,000

Less: cost of acquisition [15,000×60] (900,000)

Gain on disposal of 15,000 shares 375,000

Total income for the year from all sources 10,162,286

Less:

Gain on disposal of 15,000 shares - Covered under separate block of income (375,000)

Dividend income (FTR) (214,286)

(589,286)

Taxable income under NTR 9,573,000

Tax liability

Tax on Rs. 8,000,000 1,005,000

Tax on exceeding amount [(9,573,000-6,000,000) x 32.5%] 1,161,225

2,166,225

Capital Gain - Separate block income

Listed company shares (Rs. 375,000 x 12.5%) 46,875

Dividend income (Rs. 214,286 @ 15%) 32,143

Tax payable 2,245,243

Less: Tax deducted by ZTL (2,000,000)

Tax wrongly deducted on dividend @ 30% (64,287)

Net tax refundable (180,956)

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 Answer bank: Objective test and long-form answers

71 BABER – HI FI LIMITED
Name of Taxpayer : Mr. Bader
Income year ended : 30th June, 2023
Tax Year : 2023
Personal Status : Individual
Residential Status : Resident

INCOME FROM SALARY U/S 12 (Rs.) (Rs.)

Basic Salary (250,000 x 12) 3,000,000
Medical allowance (28,000 x 12) 336,000
Exempt upto 10% of Basic Salary (300,000) 36,000
House rent allowance (120,000 x 12) 1,440,000
Bond amount on restriction of resigning before 30 June, 2023 900,000
Conveyance facility for both official and private use (1,500,000 x
5% x 11/12) 68,750
Perquisites in the shape of inventory provided by the employer
(22,000 – 12,000) 10,000
Fair market value of shares at the time of issue of shares (2,000 x
375) 937,500
Less: Amount already paid as consideration (200,000 + 300,000) (500,000) 437,500
Gratuity under an unapproved scheme 485,000
Less: Exemption upto 75,000 or 50% of the amount payable (75,000) 410,000
Termination benefit from previous employer 600,000
Medical facility free of cost from previous employer-exempt being
benefit without marginal cost -
Salary 6,902,250
CAPITAL GAIN (Section 37)
FMV of shares at the time of sale 875,000
Less: Amount paid against option and shares (200,000 + 300,000)
x 2,000 / 2,500 (400,000)
Amount taxable under the head of Salary (437,500 / 2500 x 2000) (350,000)
Capital Gain 125,000

TOTAL INCOME 7,027,250

Less
Terminal benefits (600,000)
Gratuity (410,000)
Taxable income 6,017,250

Since salary income is more than 75% of the taxable income, therefore, the slab applicable to salaried
individuals shall be applied:

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Computation of net tax liability:

Tax on Rs. 6,000,000 1,005,000
Tax @ 32.5% on the amount exceeding Rs. 6,000,000 (i.e. on 17,250) 5,606
Tax payable on taxable income 1,010,606
Tax on terminal benefit amount:
(tax of last 3 years / Taxable Income of last 3 years x 100) x
Amount of golden hand shake Rs. (1,260,000 / 10,500,000 x
1,010,000) 121,200
Tax payable under NTR 1,131,806
Tax liability
Less: tax credit on investment in shares and life insurance- Not
allowed from tax year 2023 onwards
Tax Liability 1,131,806
Total tax payable
Less: tax already paid or deducted at source
Tax deducted on salaries (1,105,000)
Balance tax refundable (26,806)

72 LONE TRADERS
Lone Traders (Sole proprietorship)
Computation of taxable income and income tax liability
For the tax year 2023 Speculation Trading
Total
Business Business
----------- Rupees -----------
Sales Ratio 40% 60% 100%
Gross sales [18,240 x 500] & [13,000,000 + 680,000] 9,120,000 13,680,000 22,800,000
Less: Discount - (680,000) (680,000)
Net sales 9,120,000 13,000,000 22,120,000
Gross profit [9,120,000 - 7,900,000] & [13,680,000 x 25%] 1,220,000 3,420,000 4,640,000
Less: Exp. – Direct
Scientific research - (600,000) (600,000)
Expenditure in respect of future contract (25,000) - (25,000)
Less: Common expenses [gross sales basis i.e. 40:60]
Admin., selling and distribution 2,500,000
Less: inadmissible - penalty (45,000)
Allowable common expenses 2,455,000
Admin., selling and distrib. [2,455,000 x 40% & 60%] (982,000) (1,473,000) (2,455,000)
Net business income 213,000 1,347,000 1,560,000
Brought forward losses (300,000) (550,000)
Taxable income/(loss) for the year [Notes] (87,000) 797,000
(Note 1) Speculation loss of Rs. 87,000 would be carried forward to next year for adjustment against
speculation income.
(Note 2) Speculation loss cannot be set off against trading business income of Rs. 797,000.
(Note - 3) Similarly, capital loss of Rs. 250,000 would be carried forward to next year as it cannot be set
off against any other heads of income.

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73 MR. NAUMAN
Computation of total income, taxable income and net tax payable/refundable For tax year 2023

Rupees
Income from salary
Basic salary [120,000×12] 1,440,000
Medical allowance [240,000(20,000×12) –144,000(1,440,000×10%)] 96,000
House rent allowance (60,000×12) 720,000
Company maintained car for both official and personal use (1,400,000×5%) 70,000
Purchase of car on book value (1,000,000 – 450,000) 550,000
Employer’s contribution to provident fund [18,000×12=216,000 –144,000 (1,440,000
72,000
× 10%) (Allowed limit is 1/10 of the basic salary OR 150,000 whichever is lower)
Interest on provident fund [540,000–480,000{higher of: interest @ 16% i.e. 480,000
rd 60,000
(540,000÷18%)×16% OR 480,000(1/3 of basic salary i.e. (1,440,000÷3)}]
Relocation allowance – exempt -
Bonus – [not taxable in TY2023 as it is received in July 2023) -
Loan obtained on concession rate [5,000,000×4%(10%-6%)×(3÷12)] 50,000
Legal expenses – Not deductible being no deduction shall be allowed for expenses
-
incurred in earning salary income
Total income from salary 3,058,000
Income from property
Rent income 800,000(1,200,000‒400,000)×9/12 600,000
Less: Repair allowance (600,000÷5) (120,000)
Insurance premium (50,000)
Administration and collection charges to the extent of 4% of chargeable rent
600,000×4% (24,000)
406,000
Income from other sources
Interest income (510,000÷0.85)+200,000 800,000
Income from utility, cleaning and security 400,000
Less: Expenditure (250,000)
150,000
950,000
Total income from all sources 4,414,000
Less: Separate block of income (interest income) (800,000)
3,614,000
Less: Deductible allowances
Zakat (200,000)
Profit on debt (5,000,000×10%×3÷12) (125,000)
Taxable income under NTR 3,289,000

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74 MS. AYESHA
Nature Rs. in million Set off Carried forward
Loss from (4.5) It cannot be set off against It can be carried forward against
speculation any other head of income. future speculation gain upto next 6
business OR tax years following the tax year in
which the loss occurred.
It can only be set off against
any other gain
From speculation business.
Loss on sale (3.6) This is a capital loss and it The loss of Rs. 1.1m (3.6–2.5) can
of shares of can be set off against capital be carried forward only against
private gain on sale of jewellery of future capital gain upto 6 tax years
company Rs. 2.5m. next following the tax year in which
the loss occurred.
Loss on sale of (1.6) This loss shall not be recognized. So no question of set off or
antique carried forward of this loss arises.
Loss on sale of (6.0) This is a capital loss and it The loss of Rs.2m (6–4) can be
listed can only be set off against carried forward only against future
securities capital gain on sale of listed capital gain on disposal of
securities of Rs. 4m. securities under section 37A upto 3
subsequent tax years.
Loss from (8.0) Since agriculture income is exempt from tax, this
agriculture loss cannot be adjusted against any other income.
Loss from (19) It can be set off with income The loss of Rs.1m (19–18) cannot
other sources from normal (other than be carried forward.
speculation) business of
Rs.15m and income from
property of Rs. 3m be set off
with income from property.

75 BASIT
(a) Mr. Basit
Computation of total income, taxable income and net tax payable/refundable
For tax year 2023
Salary Rupees
Pakistan source income:
Salary [610,000×7] 4,270,000
Allowance for services of domestic servant [60,000×7] 420,000
Allowance @ 5% of salary solely expended in the performance of his duties
of employment (4,270,000×5%) 213,500
Acquired car on lease -
Shares acquired under employee share scheme [1,170,000(13,000×90)–
390,000(13,000×30)] 780,000
Leave encashment 320,000
Gratuity (2,200,000–300,000) 1,900,000
Salary arrears of tax year 2022 700,000

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Foreign source income: Rupees

Salary (3,200×250×3) 2,400,000
Total income from salary 11,003,500

Capital gain
Loss on sale of ML’s shares [400,000(5,000×80)–450,000(5,000×90)] (50,000)

Income from other sources

Pakistan source income:
Gift received 200,000
Foreign source income:
Income earned from university [1,000(1,500–500)×250] 250,000
450,000

Total income 11,403,500

Less: Foreign source salary – Exempt (2,400,000)
Add: Capital loss (Separate block of income) 50,000
Taxable income 9,053,500

Tax liability
On Rs. 6,000,000 1,005,000
On remaining Rs. 3,053,500 @ 32.5% 992,388
1,997,388
Less: Foreign tax credit [250,000×22.06%(1,997,388/9,053,500×100) =
55,155] OR [225×250 = 56,250] whichever is lower. (55,155)
1,942,233
Less: Withholding tax (1,400,000)
Tax refundable 542,232

(b) rears amount may be taxed at the rates of tax year 2022 that would have been applicable if the
salary had been paid to the Basit in tax year 2022.
(c) Basit is required to furnish a foreign income and assets statement giving particulars of:
(i) his total foreign assets and liabilities as on 30 June 2023;
(ii) any foreign assets transferred by him to any other person during tax year 2023 and the
consideration for the said transfer; and
(iii) complete particulars of foreign income, the expenditure derived during the tax year 2023
and the expenditure wholly and necessarily for the purposes of deriving the said income.

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76 MUSHTAQ
Computation of total income, taxable income and net tax payable/refundable
For tax year 2023
Income from Business: Rupees
Profit before taxation 1,800,000
Add: Inadmissible expenses/admissible income
Salary paid to salesmen [5×(22,000–6,000)×12] 960,000
Entertainment expenditures - -
Research expenditure incurred outside Pakistan 150,000
Accounting loss on the sale of patents 65,000
Amortisation charged on patents for the year 25,000
Gain on sale of patents (524,000 – 430,000) 94,000
Bad debts recovered: Atif [700,000 – (800,000 – 550,000)] 450,000
Accounting depreciation 580,450
Transfer of furniture to Dubai (850,000–610,000) 240,000
Less: Admissible expenses/inadmissible income
Bad debts recovered: Aslam [1,200,000–600,000–400,000] (200,000)

Bad debts recovered - accounting entry (1,100,000)

Income before tax depreciation 3,064,450
Less:
B/f business loss (125,000)

Tax depreciation for the year-W-1 (667,650)

Unabsorbed tax depreciation – brought forward (705,000)
Total business income for the year 1,566,800
Capital Gain
Gain on the sale of 6,000 shares [432,000 – (6,000 × 25)] x 282,000
Total income for the year
Less: Separate block income
Taxable income for the year under NTR 1,848,800

Computation of net tax liability

Tax on Rs. [Rs.60,000 + 17.5%% (Rs.1,848,800-1,200,000) 173,540

Less: Tax paid under section 147 (200,000)

Balance tax refundable (26,460)

W-1: Computation of tax depreciation

Depreciation on furniture (200,000 × 15%) 30,000
Used imported machine
Initial allowance (500,000 × 25%) 125,000
Depreciation [(500,000 – 125,000) × 15%] 56,250
Depreciation for the year (given) 456,400
667,650

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 Answer bank: Objective test and long-form answers

77 WAJAHAT
Computation of Income Tax Liability
For the Year 2023
Income from Salary Rupees
Basic salary (70,000 x 12) 840,000
Dearness allowance (10,000 x 12) 120,000
Conveyance allowance (8,000 x 12) 96,000
PF contrib. [(8,400 x 12) - (lower of Rs. 150,000 or 1/10th of basic + DA)] 4,800
Working: (100,800) or (lower of Rs.150,000 or (840,000+120,000)/10= 96,000
Interest on PF [391,000 - (higher of: interest @16% or 1/3rd of basic + DA)] 71,000
Working: (391,000/20% x 16% = 312,800 or ((840,000+120,000)/3= 320,000)
Reimbursement of electricity bill 60,000
Income from Salary 1,191,800

Income from Business

Tuition fees (for ten months ended 30 June 2023) 2,198,000
Less: Admissible expenses:
Salaries paid: Wajahat (inadmissible being the owner) -
Friend (35,000 x 10) (350,000)
Training expenses (300,000)
Dep.: Used computers (250,000 x 30%) [no initial allowance is (75,000)
admissible]
Other misc. expenses (195,000)
Income from Business 1,278,000
Total income Rupees
Less: Zakat
Taxable income

Income from other source Rupees Rupees

Dividend received from BEE Limited (78,200 + 9,200 + 4,600) 92,000
Dividend received from a company in U.A.E 65,000
157,000
Total income 2,626,800
Less FTR income: Dividend (157,000)
Deductible allowance: Zakat (4,600)
Taxable income 2,465,200
Since salary income is less than 75% of the taxable income,
therefore, the slab applicable to non-salaried individuals shall be
applied

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Tax Practices

Computation of net tax liability:

Tax on Rs. 2,400,000 270,000
Tax @ 22.5% on the amount exceeding Rs. 2,400,000 (i.e. on 14,670
65,200)
Tax payable under NTR 284,670
Less: Tax credit on investment in pension: (493,040 x 284,670 / (56,934)
2,465,200)
Which is lesser of (A), (B) or (C):
• Total contribution paid by Wajahat (A) 890,000
• 20% of taxable income (2,465,200 x 20%)(B) 493,040
A or B whichever is lower 493,040
227,736
Add: Tax payable on dividend income (157,000 x 15%) (FTR) 23,550
Total tax liability for the year 251,286
Less: Tax withheld at source (Dividend) (9,200)
Balance tax payable 242,086
(Note 1)
As the turnover during the tax year 2023 is less than Rs. 100 million hence minimum tax u/s 113 is not
applicable on the taxpayer.

CHAPTER 12 – TAXATION OF ASSOCIATION OF PERSONS (AOP)

78 AB ASSOCIATES (AOP)
INCOME YEAR ENDED 30.6.2023
TAX YEAR 2023
COMPUTATION OF TAXABLE AND DIVISIBLE INCOME
Net profit as per accounts 269,000
Add: Inadmissible items
Depreciation (180,000 + 20,000) 200,000
Salary to partner A 80,000
Commission to partner B 10,000
Depreciation on assets subject to finance lease 15,000
Finance charge on leased assets 2,500
Provision for doubtful debts 10,000
Accounting loss on disposal of fixed assets 13,000
Residential telephone bills of partner A 5,000
Liabilities outstanding for more than one year
Liability against purchases 80,000
Interest on bank loan 40,000 120,000
Tax gain on disposal of plant (90,000 – 80,000) 10,000
734,500
Less: Tax depreciation 306,550

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Tax loss on disposal of furniture (7,500 – 10,000) 2,500

Lease rentals 18,000
Already taxed bad debts recovered 33,000 (360,050)
Taxable income 374,450
Income tax nil
Divisible income-Profit before tax 374,450
TAX DEPRECIATION
Plant and machinery
Opening tax WDV 250,000
Less: WDV of disposal 80,000
170,000
Addition (cost as reduced by initial allowance) 30,000
200,000
Initial allowance 25% of Rs.40,000 10,000
Opening WDV (Rs.170,000 x 15%) 25,500
Addition (Rs.30,000 x 15% ) 4,500
30,000
40,000
Vehicles
Opening tax WDV 400,000@
15%=60,000
Addition 1,300,000@
15%=195,000
1,700,000
Normal depreciation @ 15% 255,000
Furniture and Fixtures
Opening tax WDV 80,000
Less: WDV of disposal (10,000)
70,000 @
15%=10,500
Addition 7,000@15%=
1,050
77,000 11,550
Normal depreciation @ 15%
306,550

Share of Profit from AOP

A B Total
Salary 80,000 - 80,000
Commission - 10,000 10,000
Residential telephone bills 5,000 - 5,000
Balance (60:40) 167,670 111,780 279,450

Share of profit for the year 252,670 121,780 374,450

TAXABLE INCOME AND TAX LIABILITY OF Mr. A

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Income from property

Chargeable rent (given in P&L Account) to be taxed separately 240,000

Less 1/5th repair allowance (48,000)

Other property related expenses (40,000)
Net property income 152,000
Share of profit of AOP 252,670

Total income inclusive of AOP share 404,670

Tax on income inclusive of AOP share Nil
Actual tax liability- No taxable as income is less than Rs. 600,000 Nil

79 AB & CO.
TAX YEAR 2023
INCOME YEAR ENDED 30-06-2023 Rs.
i. Computation of total and divisible income
Accounting profit 600,000
Add:
Salary to partner A 600,000
Salary to partner B 300,000
House rent to partner A 240,000
House rent to partner B 120,000
Hotel Bills to partner A (assumed to be personal) 60,000
Hotel Bills to partner B (assumed to be personal) 60,000
Commission without tax deduction 50,000
Gain on sale of vehicle as per tax 600,000
Less: accounting gain on disposal of vehicle [1,200,000-800,000] (40,0000)
Divisible Taxable income 2,120,000
Less: income tax [Rs.60,000 + (2,120,000-1,200,000) @17.5%] (221,000)
Profit after tax 1,899,000

ii. Taxable income of each partner

Distribution of divisible income

Partner A Partner B Total

Salary 600,000 300,000 900,000
House rent 240,000 120,000 360,000
Hotel bills 60,000 60,000 120,000
Balance (equal share) 370,000 370,000 740,000
Total income of each Partner 1,270,000 850,000 2,120,000
From sources other than share of AOP
Gain on public listed company’s shares (covered 200,000 150,000 350,000
under SBI)
Dividend from company 40,000 20,000 60,000
Share of profit from AOP 1,270,000 850,000 2,120,000

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Mr. A and B does not have any other normal taxable income, therefore, share of profit before tax from
AOP cannot be included in their income for rate purpose.

iii. Tax liability of partners

Partner A Partner B
Tax on capital gain u/s 37A
(200,000 x 12.5%) –
(150,000 x 12.5%) - 25,000 18,750
Tax on dividend income (15%) 6,000 3,000
Total tax liability 31,000 21,750

80 MS. HAMEEDA & MS. KASHMALA

(a) Tax implications in respect of sale of assets by Ms. Hameeda are as under:
i. Capital gain on disposal of immoveable properties where holding period exceeds 6 years is
taxable @ 0%; therefore, disposal of plot in DHA Karachi would not be taxable.
ii. Painting
The cost of the painting for Ms. Hameeda would be Rs. 2,350,000 i.e. the cost of her mother.
However, no loss can be recognized on such assets.
iii. Jewelry
The cost of jewelry for Ms. Hameeda would be Rs. 3,000,000 i.e. cost of her husband. The
gain of Rs. 2,000,000 should be recognized.
(b) Ms. Kashmala & Ms. Shumaila
Computation of taxable income & tax there on for the tax year 2023

Rupees
Net loss (800,000)
Add: Inadmissible expenses
Salary to members of AOP 800,000
Accounting depreciation 300,000

300,000
Less: Brought forward business loss from the year 2022 (400,000)

Un-adjusted Business loss (100,000)

Business loss carried forward to next year (100,000)

Tax depreciation for the year 250,000

Unabsorbed depreciation bf 300,000

Unabsorbed depreciation to be carried forward 550,000

as there is loss under NTR & minimum tax liability ignored therefore no tax is
payable by the AOP under the given case.

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81 T & H ENTERPRISES
TAX YEAR 2023
INCOME YEAR ENDED 30-06-2023
COMPUTATION OF TOTAL INCOME AND TAX PAYABLE
Net profit 298,000
Add:
Salary to Tariq 45,000
Salary to Hamid 55,000
Cost of typewriter 18,000
Legal expense on which tax in not to be deducted 6,000
Provision for bad debts 14,000
Income tax paid for last year 5,000
Commission to Tariq 16,000
Premium of life policies of members 5,000
Accounting depreciation 34,000
496,000
Less: Tax depreciation (14,000 + 2,700) 16,700
Dividend income to be taxed separately 250,000 (266,700)
Taxable income excluding dividend income 229,300
Income tax -
Divisible income excluding dividend income 229,300
Income tax (0% upto Rs. 600,000) -
Dividend income to be taxed under FTR 250,000
Tax on dividend @ 15% 37,500
Total divisible income 223,300

 FBR has clarified that it is the divisible income (profit before tax) of AOP that will be included in the
taxable income of its members for rate purpose.
 If AOP has any income that falls under final tax regime (FTR) then members share from such
income shall not be added in the taxable income of the member. Section 4(4) read with Section
169(2) clearly states that income falling under FTR is not to be included in any taxable income.
 Tax depreciation of Rs. 2,700 on type writer is computed @ 15% as per third schedule
Share of profit from AOP
Tariq Hamid Total
Salary 45,000 55,000 100,000
Commission 16,000 - 16,000
Life insurance premium 2,500 2,500 5,000
Balance in equal share 54,150 54,150 108,300
117,650 111,650 230,650

Taxable income of Mr. Tariq

Income accrued abroad but not remitted to Pakistan
(Resident person is taxable in Pakistan for his world over income subject to agreement for the

Avoidance of double taxation 72,000

Less: Zakat (26,500)
Taxable income 45,500
Add: Share of profit from AOP for rate purpose 117,650
Taxable income for rate purpose 163,150

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Tax Liability
Income tax on 163,150 @ 0% 0
Taxable income of Mr. Hamid
 Speculation loss (can be set-off only against speculation gain) 0
 Profit on sale of car – capital receipt
(It is assumed that car was for personal use) 0
As Mr. Hamid does not have any other normal taxable income, share of profit from AOP cannot be
included for rate purpose.
Note:
Loss of AOP will be carried forward only in the hands of AOP, hence no effect of share of loss of from
another AOP has been given in the hands of Mr. Tariq.

82 MR. SOHAIL, MR. KHALED AND MR. QAZI

Computation of taxable income and tax liability of association of persons
For Tax year 2023
Income from business Rupees
Business loss for the year (1,500,000)
Less: Accounting income from property (1,502,500)
Add: Inadmissible expenses
Salary to Mr. Sohail 900,000
Salary to Mr. Khaled 600,000
Interest to Mr. Sohail 300,000
Interest to Mr. Khaled 300,000
Interest to Mr. Qazi 500,000
Business loss (402,500)
Taxable income from property (Rs.2,000,000-400,000 (repair allowance)-40,000 1,560,000
Net income before tax (only for computation of divisible profit) 1,157,500
Tax liability on AOP income of Rs. 1,157,500 54,687
Divisible income before tax between the partners will be worked in the following manner:
Salaries 900,000 600,000 - 1,500,000
Interest paid to partners 300,000 300,000 500,000 1,100,000
Balancing share 2:2:1 (577,000) (577,000) (288,500) (1,442,500)
Total 623,000 323,000 211,500 1,157,500
Computation of taxable income and tax liability of each member
Mr. Sohail Mr. Khaled Mr. Qazi
Income under NTR
Rupees
Income from other businesses 800,000 900,000 -
Income from consultancy (1,000,000 –150,000) - - 850,000
Taxable income 800,000 900,000 850,000
Divisible profit from another AOP - 255,000 -
Share of AOP 623,000 323,000 211,500
Income including share of AOPs 1,423,000 1,478,000 1,061,500
Income tax 99,025 108,650 42,688
Income tax payable u/s 88 by Partners
[income Tax ÷ Total income] × Taxable Income 55,671 66,160 34,182

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Note: Consultancy services by Mr. Qazi has been offered to tax under the normal tax regime. In case tax
was deducted on the same, tax deductible @ 10% would have been treated as minimum tax and
compared against the proportionate income tax liability calculated under the normal tax regime.

83 DAWOOD AND DEWAN

Taxable income of Dawood Rupees
Income from property (Rs. 2,736,000 (W-1) × 65%) 1,778,400
Less markup on borrowed funds 3,000,000 x 20% (600,000)
Income from other sources (Rs. 480,000 (W-2) × 65%) 312,000
Income from other sources 3,000,000
Taxable income 4,490,400
Taxable income of Dewan
Income from property (Rs. 2,736,000 (W-1) × 35%) 957,600
Income from other sources (Rs. 480,000 (W-2) × 35%) 168,000
Taxable income 1,125,600
W-1: Computation of joint taxable income under income from property
Income from property:
Rent received by joint owners for 12 months 4,500,000
Less: Amount received on account of utilities, cleanliness & security(75,000×12) (900,000)
Rent chargeable to tax 3,600,000
Less repair allowance 720,000
Collection and administration charges-upto 4% of GRCT 144,000
Net property income 2,736,000
W-2: Computation of income from other sources
Income from other sources
Amount received on account of utilities, cleanliness & security(75,000×12) 900,000
Less: Actual expenses incurred (35,000×12) (420,000)
480,000

84 BAQIR, ASAD AND RAHIL

BAR (AOP)
Computation of taxable income and income tax liability
For the tax year 2023 Rupees Rupees
Accounting profit before taxation 5,488,000
Add: Inadmissible expenses:
Closing stock-in-trade adj. [1,950,000 - 1,820,000] 130,000
Provision for slow moving stock 75,000
Freight charges paid in cash -
Commission paid to Baqir 290,000
Annual performance award – Rahi 310,000
Bank loan of Asad paid by BAR 455,000
Provision for bad debts 735,000
Sales promotion expenses 275,000
Employee training and facilities (FG run institution) -
Loss from Tehran branch 1,800,000
Profit from Dubai branch (1,500,000)
Net loss from foreign source (to be carried forward for adjustment
against foreign source income of the following tax year, if any.) 300,000
2,270,000
7,758,000

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Less: Admissible expenses:

Bad debts written off (W-1) (120,000)
Net taxable income 7,638,000
Computation of tax liability:
Tax on Rs. 6,000,000 1,330,000
On balance Rs. 1,638,000 tax @ 35% 573,300
Net Liability 1,903,300
Minimum turnover tax u/s 113-Rs.30,000,000 x 1.25% 375,000
As the tax liability of the AOP under NTR is more than the minimum tax under section 113 hence the
same is payable by the AOP.
W-1: Computation of bad debts written off: Rupees
Opening balance of provision for bad debt account 1,100,000
Add: provision during the year 735,000
1,835,000
Less: Closing balance of provision for bad debt A/c (1,435,000)
Debts written off during the year 400,000
Less: loan to supplier written off [W-1(a)] (280,000)
Bad debt written off allowed for tax purpose 120,000

85 FARHAN AND IMRAN

Share not definite
If the respective shares of Farhan and Imran as a partner in that property are not definite and
ascertainable, they shall be assessed as an association of persons and taxable income and tax thereon will
be computed as per principles of taxation of AOP.
Share definite
In this scenario, net rental income after allowing for all deductions will be proportionately allocated to each
owner. Each owner will pay tax on such income as per their applicable rates.

86 M/S FARHAN, KAMRAN AND REHAN

Computation of Taxable Income and Tax Liability of AOP
For the tax year 2023
Income from business Rupees
Business profit for the year 2,000,000
Add: Inadmissible expenses
Salary to Farhan 1,000,000
Salary to Kamran 800,000
Salary to Rehan 600,000
Interest to Farhan 500,000
Interest to Kamran 400,000
Interest to Rehan 300,000
3,600,000
Taxable income for the year 5,600,000

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Tax liability Rupees

Tax on Rs. 4,000,000 680,000

@ 32.5% on amount exceeding Rs. 4,000,000 520,000

1,200,000

Profit after tax 4,400,000

Computation of Taxable Income and Tax Liability of each Member

Farhan Kamran Rehan

------------------- Rupees -------------------

Income under NTR

Salary 1,000,000 800,000 600,000

Interest 500,000 400,000 300,000

Share of profit
(2,000,000÷5=180,000×2:2:1) 800,000 800,000 400,000

Share of profit from FKR before tax [u/s 92] 2,300,000 2,000,000 1,300,000

Share of loss from another AOP(Not allowed) - - -

Income from sole proprietorship businesses - 800,000 -

Taxable income for rate purpose 2,300,000 2,800,000 1,300,000

Tax liability of Kamran on income from other business

Tax on Rs. 2,400,000 - 270,000 -

@ 22.5% on amount exceeding

Rs.2,400,000 - 90,000 -

Total tax payable - 360,000 -

Tax rate to be charged 330,000 / 2,800,000

x 100 = 0% 12.86% 0%

Tax liability of Kamran without share from

AoP (Rs. 800,000 x 12.86%) = - 102,857 -

Income under FTR

Dividend income (Rs.102,000 /0.85) 120,000

Tax on dividend income (Rs. 120,000×15%) 18,000

Tax deducted at source (18,000)

Tax liability of Rehan -

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Note 1: As income of Rehan is taxable under FTR therefore, share of profit from AOP will not be added
for rate purpose.
Note 2: As Farhan has no other source of income, therefore, there will be no treatment of share of
profit from AOP.

87 KAMKAJ & CO.

Computation of Taxable Income

Tax Year 2022 Tax Year 2023

----------- Rupees -----------

Income from Business (18,000,000) 25,000,000

Add: Commission to SPL 7,000,000 7,000,000

(11,000,000) 32,000,000

Dividend income - 4,000,000

Total income (11,000,000) 36,000,000

Less: FTR income - (4,000,000)

Taxable income (11,000,000) 32,000,000

B/F loss (11,000,000)

Taxable income 21,000,000

Less: SPL’s share of 50% (10,500,000)

Taxable income of AOP after deducting SPL’s share 10,500,000

Tax liability of AOP:

Upto 6,000,000 1,330,000

On balance @ 35% 1,575,000

2,905,000

Computation of taxable income and tax liability of Baqir:

Tax Year 2022 Tax Year 2023

----------- Rupees -----------

Capital gain on sale of property (5,200,000 (Separate block of

income) - 5,200,000

Tax liability on capital gain related to sale of immoveable property

[5,200,000×7.5%] 390,000

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Computation of taxable income and tax liability of Omer:

Tax Year 2022 Tax Year 2023

----------- Rupees -----------
Income from Business 6,000,000 2,500,000
Taxable income 6,000,000 2,500,000
Share of profit of AOP - 6,300,000
10,500,000×60%
Taxable income for rate purpose 6,000,000 8,800,000

On 6,000,000 1,330,000 1,330,000

On balance @ 35% - 980,000
1,330,000 2,310,000
Tax rate to be charged 26.25
Tax liability of Omer 1,330,000 610,750
656,250

88 AAKASH KUMAR
Computation of total income, taxable income and net tax payable/refundable
For tax year 2023

Income from business Rs. in million

Loss before tax (87.0)
Add: Inadmissible expenses / admissible income
Commission expense disallowed due to sale to inactive tax payer 2.4
[2.50.1(50×0.2%)]
Accounting depreciation 40.0
Bad debts recovered from Shameem [16.86(19.213.2)] 10.8
Outstanding payments for more than 3 years 14.0
Financial charges waived by the bank 2.8
70.0
Less: Admissible expenses and inadmissible / FTR income
Penalty -
Freight charges paid in cash -
Tax depreciation (48.0)
Insurance claim received (6.0)
Loss on disposal of vehicle (W-1) (1.2)
Reversal of Bad debts recovered recorded as other income (16.8+10.6) (27.4)
Bad debts recovered from Faheem [10.6 14(28.8 14.8)] (3.4)
Rental income – Chargeable under income from other sources (21.6)
(107.6)
Income from non-speculation business (124.6)

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Income from speculation business Rs. in million

Net gain from derivative contract 23.0
Income from business (A) (101.6)

Capital gain
Sale of property (20) 20
Sale of private company shares (3.6) 3.6
(B) 23.6
Income from other sources
nd
Rental income from leasing of property comprised of building and 2 hand
locally purchased plant (1.8×12) 21.6
Less: Deductions
Repair and maintenance (actual) (3.2)
Depreciation of building (85×90%×90%×10%) (6.9)
Depreciation of plant (34×15%) (5.1)
(C) 6.4
Total income (A+B+C) (71.6)
Less: Capital gain on sale of property (separate block of income) (20)
Taxable income (91.6)
Since Aakash’s taxable income for tax year 2022 is negative, his share of profit from associate is
ignored.
Tax Liability
Tax on capital gain on sale of property (separate block of income) (20×10%) 2
W-1: Loss / Gain on disposal of vehicle
Insurance claim 6.0
Cost 10
Depreciation TY 2021 (10× 15%) (1.5)
TY 2022 (10×85%×15%) (1.3)
TY 2023 -
7.2
Loss on disposal of vehicle (1.2)

Note: Answers in which loss has been computed by treating the vehicle as passenger transport
not plying for hire, has also been considered correct.

CHAPTER 13 – FOREIGN SOURCE INCOME OF RESIDENT PERSON

89 MS. MARGARET
(a) An individual shall be a resident individual for a tax year if the individual is:
(i) Present in Pakistan for a period of, or periods amounting in aggregate to, one hundred and
eighty three days or more in the tax year;

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(ii) An employee or official of the Federal Government, or a Provincial Government posted

abroad in the tax year.
(iii) A citizen of Pakistan who is not present in Pakistan for 183 days or more can still be treated
as resident if he is not present in any other country for more than 182 days during the tax
year or he is not a resident taxpayer of any other country.
A company shall be resident company in a tax year if it is:
(i) Incorporated or formed by or under any law in force in Pakistan.
(ii) The control and management of the affairs of the company is situated wholly in Pakistan at
any time in the year, or
(iii) A Provincial Government or Local Authority in Pakistan.
(b) (i) The foreign-source income of a short term resident individual shall be exempt from tax if
he/she is:
1. A resident individual solely by reason of the individual’s employment; and
2. Present in Pakistan for a period or periods not exceeding three years
However, the above rule is not applicable to:
 Any income derived from a business of the person established in Pakistan; or
 Any foreign-source income brought into or received in Pakistan.
Ms. Margaret is a short term resident individual as she is in Pakistan for employment and
her stay is less than three years. Based on the above rule:
1. Receipt of US$ 15,000 in equivalent Pak Rupees for conduction the workshop
session at Lahore shall be taxable as it is received in Pakistan.
2. Receipt of US$ 25,000 for conducting the workshop session at Munich shall not be
taxable as it has neither been received in nor brought into Pakistan.
3. Receipt of US$ 20,000 for conducting the workshop session at Dubai shall be
taxable as it has been brought into Pakistan.
(ii) Following are the provisions regarding claiming of foreign tax credit available to a resident
taxpayer:
The amount of tax credit available to a resident taxpayer in respect of his foreign source
income which is chargeable to tax under the Ordinance, will be lesser of:
 Income tax paid abroad; and
 Pakistan tax payable on foreign-sourced income.
The Pakistan tax payable in respect of foreign source income derived by a taxpayer in a
tax year shall be computed by applying the average rate of Pakistan income tax applicable
to the taxpayer for the year against the taxpayer’s net foreign source income for that year.
The amount of tax credit is calculated separately for taxable income under each head of
income.
Foreign tax credit is allowed only if foreign income tax is paid within two (02) years after the
end of the tax year in which related foreign income was derived.
While determining tax liability for a tax year, the amount of foreign tax credit is reduced from
the gross tax liability before reduction for any other tax credits, such as, those relating to
donations, investments and income tax paid in Pakistan.
If credit for foreign tax is not fully utilized in the year it is generated, the excess amount is
neither refundable nor can it be carried to another tax year.
Tax credit is not allowed for tax paid outside Pakistan on foreign-sourced income which is
not chargeable to tax or is exempt from tax in Pakistan.

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CHAPTER 14 – RETURNS
90 MR. SAMI
(i) Where the Commissioner is of the view that Mr. Sami is required to file the return of income but
has failed to do so, the Commissioner is empowered to issue a notice requiring him to furnish the
return of income.
A notice under section 114 may be issued in respect of one or more of the last five completed tax
years or assessment years.
Provided that in case of a person who has not filed return for any of the last five completed tax
years, notice under section 114 may be issued in respect of one or more of the last ten completed
tax years.
However, he can issue such notice in respect of the last five tax years and therefore issuance of
notice for the tax year 2016 cannot be justified. In the absence of information, it has been assumed
that the taxpayer has filed his income tax returns from tax year 2018 to 2022.
Moreover, Commissioner may require any person to file return of income within 30 days of service
of notice or such longer or shorter period as may be specified in such notice.
(ii) The Commissioner may extend the time frame for furnishing the return, if he is satisfied that the
applicant is unable to furnish the return of income by the due date because of:
 his absence from Pakistan;
 sickness or other misadventure; or
 any other reasonable cause
However, an extension of time shall not exceed 15 days from the due date for furnishing the return
of income unless there are exceptional circumstances justifying a longer extension of time.
Provided that where the Commissioner has not granted extension for furnishing return, the Chief
Commissioner may on an application made by the taxpayer for extension or further extension, as
the case may be, grant extension or further extension for a period not exceeding fifteen days
unless there are exceptional circumstances justifying a longer extension of time.
An extension of time shall not change the due date for the purpose of charge of default surcharge.
91 MR. ZAHID
Mr. Zahid
Wealth Statement
For the tax year 2023 2023
Rupees
Agriculture land in Hyderabad 5,000,000
Residential property in DHA Karachi 3,000,000
Investment in shares of listed companies (1,100,000–100,000–50,000) 950,000
Business capital FG & Co. (4,000,000+2,540,000–450,000) 6,090,000
Advance against bungalow 1,000,000
Motor Vehicle 1,540,000
Cash at banks 730,000
Cash 157,500
Total 18,467,500
Less: Bank loan – closing balance (1,300,000)
Wealth as on 30 June 2023 17,167,500

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Wealth reconciliation statement

Wealth as on 30 June 2023 17,167,500
Wealth as on 30 June 2022 14,040,000
Net increase in wealth 3,127,500

Inflows
Income from business 2,540,000
Agriculture income – Exempt 2,500,000
Capital gain [(350,000 – 50,000 – 37,500)] 262,500
5,302,500
Outflows
Gift to brothers – Listed company shares and shares sold 100,000
Personal expenses 2,075,000
2,175,000
Net increase in wealth 3,127,500

92 FOREIGN INCOME AND ASSETS STATEMENT

1. Every resident taxpayer being an individual having foreign income of not less than ten thousand
United States dollars or having foreign assets with a value of not less than one hundred thousand
United States dollars shall furnish a statement, hereinafter referred to as the foreign income and
assets statement, in the prescribed form and verified in the prescribed manner giving particulars of:
(i) the person’s total foreign assets and liabilities as on the last day of the tax year;
(ii) any foreign assets transferred by the person to any other person during the tax year and the
consideration for the said transfer; and
(iii) complete particulars of foreign income, the expenditure derived during the tax year and the
expenditure wholly and necessarily for the purposes of deriving the said income.
2. The Commissioner may also by a notice in writing require any person being an individual who, in the
opinion of the Commissioner on the basis of reasons to be recorded in writing, was required to furnish
a foreign income and assets statement but who has failed to do so to furnish the foreign income and
assets statement on the date specified in the notice.

93 MUKHTAR
Treatment in wealth statement Treatment in wealth reconciliation
(i) Investment in AOP is shown as Rs.6,700,000 (5,300 + Share of profit in AOP of Rs.1,400,000
1,400). is reflected as inflow.
However, car being provided by AOP is not shown in
wealth statement.
(ii) 10 tola gold at value of Rs.500,000 is shown. Current No effect
market value is ignored in wealth statement.
(iii) Cash and bank balance of Rs.1,876,000 being sale Gain on sale of Rs.176,000 (1,876,000 -
proceeds are shown. 1,700,000) is reflected as inflow.
(iv) Loan outstanding at 30 June 2023 of Rs.400,000 No effect
(1,000,000–600,000) is shown as liability.

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94 ANNUAL INCOME TAX RETURN

Aoun has to comply with the following conditions in order to submit a valid revised return:
The revised return should be accompanied by the revised accounts.
 The reasons for revision of return, in writing duly signed by the taxpayer, should be filed with the
return.
 Permission of the Commissioner in writing for revision of return should be obtained. However, this
condition shall not apply if revised return is filed within 60 days of filing of return.
 Taxable profit declared is not less than profit determined by an order or loss declared is not more
than loss determined by an order.
 Approval required from Commissioner shall be deemed to have been granted by the
Commissioner if:
 The Commissioner has not made an order of approval in writing for revision of return, before
the expiration of 60 days from the date when the revision of return was sought; or
 Taxable income declared is more than or the loss declared is less than the income or loss, as
the case may be determined under Assessments.

95 RIAASAT LIMITED (RL) - I

Particulars Due/last date

 Filing of normal tax year return for the year ended 30 June 2023 31 Dec 2023

 Filing of transitional tax year return 30 Sep 2024

 Filing of first special tax year return 30 Sep 2025

CHAPTER 15 – ASSESSMENT AND AUDIT

96 CHANDI ENTERPRISES
CE is a partnership firm and therefore its tax status is an AOP. The provisions of minimum tax are
applicable to an AOP if its turnover for the tax year is Rs. 100 million or more. Since CE’s turnover for the
tax year is Rs. 45 million, the minimum tax provisions are not applicable to CE.
Disallowance of expenditures incurred on annual Eid Millan party
The expenditure incurred on arranging Eid Milan party is in the nature of an amenity provided to the
employees. This helps the firm to maintain cordial and friendly relations with its employees which is
necessary for their motivation and increasing their productivity. Therefore, the expenditure on Eid Milan
party should be considered to be incurred wholly and exclusively for the purpose of business.
Disallowance of late delivery penalty
The late delivery damages paid to the client is an expense connected and incidental to the carrying on of
firm’s business. The expenditure incurred is wholly and exclusively for the purpose of the business and
should not have been added back.
Disallowance of donations
The donation paid to a hospital established by the Federal Government is not a deductible expenditure.
However, CE is entitled to a tax credit at average rate of tax in respect of donation paid to the hospital
but if paid in cash then no tax credit shall be allowed.
Disallowance of Salary to Managing Director
Since the Managing Director is a member of the AOP, the salary paid to him is not a deductible
expenditure.

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97 PLASMA PAKISTAN (PVT) LIMITED (PPL)

(i) Recouped expenditure:
Recoupment of an expenditure, in cash or in kind, can only be included in the income chargeable
to tax, in the tax year in which it is received, if previously, the same has been allowed as a
deduction in computing the taxable income. Since the expenditure incurred by PPL on marketing
of a commercially exported product was never allowed as an admissible expense as it related to
an income which was taxable under FTR, it cannot be added to the taxable income of the company
at the time of its recoupment.
(ii) Expenses on account of “Travel fare” even if paid in cash, can be claimed as admissible
deductions. Therefore, the company can claim the entire amount of Rs. 500,000 as admissible
deduction.
(iii) Any expenditure that provides an advantage or benefit for a period of more than one year is
included in the definition of intangibles and is required to be amortized over the period of the
expected benefit. As such PPL would be allowed to charge only 1/3 rd of the expense in 2023
which would be Rs. 30 million.

98 BOOKS OF ACCOUNTS
The books of accounts required to be maintained by a taxpayer who has business income (only) up to
Rs. 500,000 are as follows:
 Serially numbered and dated cash-memo / invoice / receipt for each transaction of sale or receipt
containing the following:
(i) taxpayer’s name or the name of his business, address, national tax number or CNIC and sales
tax registration number, if any the description, quantity and value of goods sold or services
rendered;
(ii) Where each transaction does not exceed Rs. 100, one or more cash-memos per day for all such
transactions may be maintained
(iii) Daily record of receipts, sales, payments, purchases and expenses a single entry in respect of
daily receipts, sales, purchases and different heads of expenses will suffice; and
(iv) Vouchers of purchases and expenses.

99 SPECIAL AUDIT PANEL

The Board may appoint as many special audit panels as may be necessary, to conduct an audit, including
a forensic audit, of the income tax affairs of any person or classes of persons and the scope of such audit
shall be as determined by the Board or the Commissioner on a case to case basis.
Relevant provisions in this regard are summarized below:
 The panel shall comprise of any two or more members from:
¯ an officer of Inland Revenue;
¯ a firm of chartered accountants;
¯ a firm of cost and management accountants; or
¯ any other person as directed by the Board.
¯ A tax audit expert deployed under audit assistance programme of an international tax organization
or tax authority outside Pakistan.
 The Panel shall be headed by a Chairman who shall be an officer of Inland Revenue;
 Powers for conducting an audit shall only be exercised by officer(s) of Inland Revenue who are
member(s) of the panel, and authorized by the Commissioner;
 Where a person fails to produce any accounts, documents and records, required to be maintained or
any other relevant document, electronically kept record, electronic machine or any other evidence
that may be required by the Commissioner or the panel for the purpose of audit or determination of
income and tax due thereon, the Commissioner may proceed to make best judgment assessment
and the assessment treated to have been made on the basis of return or revised return filed by the
taxpayer shall be of no legal effect.

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 If any member of the panel, not being the Chairman, is absent from conducting an audit, the
proceedings may continue and the audit conducted by the special audit panel shall not be invalid or
be called into question merely on account of such absence;
 Functions performed by the officer or officers of Inland Revenue as members of the special audit
panel to conduct audit, shall be treated as having been performed by the special audit panel;
 The Board may prescribe the mode and manner of constitution, procedure and working of the special
audit panel.

100 CONCEALED ASSET

Under the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 if in the opinion of the Commissioner, an asset is acquired from
any income chargeable to tax but could not be charged to tax, it is considered to be a concealed asset.
The Commissioner may at any time before issuing any assessment order under section 121 (best
assessment order) or 122 (amended assessment order) issue to the person a provisional assessment
order or provisional amended assessment order as the case may be.
While issuing the assessment order the Commissioner, shall take into account the computation of taxable
income and tax payable for the last completed tax year of the person during which the concealed asset
was accounted for.
The Commissioner shall finalize the provisional order or provisional amended assessment order as soon
as possible.

101 SECTORAL BENCHMARK RATIOS

‘Sectoral benchmark ratios’ means standard business sector ratios notified by the Board on the basis
of comparative cases and includes financial ratios, production ratios, gross profit ratio, net profit
ratio, recovery ratio, wastage ratio and such other ratios in respect of such sectors as may be
prescribed.
Where a taxpayer:
 has not furnished record or documents including books of accounts;
 has furnished incomplete record or books of accounts; or
 is unable to provide sufficient explanation regarding the defects in records, documents or
books of accounts,
it shall be construed that taxable income has not been correctly declared and the Commissioner
shall determine taxable income on the basis of sectoral benchmark ratios prescribed by the Board.

102 RIAASAT LIMITED (RL) – II

 Amendment of assessment related to normal tax year for the year 30 June 2029
ended 30 June 2023

 Amendment of assessment related to first special tax year 30 June 2030

CHAPTER 16 – APPEAL
103 MS. ZUBAIDA
(a) The return submitted by Ms. Zubaida on 20 August 2016 would be considered as deemed
assessment. Under the Ordinance, no order should be amended by CIR after the expiry of five
years from the end of financial year in which CIR have issued or treated to have issued the
assessment order to the tax prayer. Since assessment was deemed to be finalized on 20 August
2016, CIR was empowered to amend the order up to 30 June 2022.
In the light of the above, the notice issued by CIR is not valid.

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CHAPTER 17 – SCOPE OF SALES TAX

104 RAVI LIMITED
23 July, 2022
Finance Director
Ravi Limited
Lahore
Dear Sir

SALES TAX APPLICATION ON THE PRODUCTS OF THE COMPANY

This is with reference to your telephonic conversation with the undersigned wherein you asked about the
sales tax implication on the different products of your company. In this regard, we learnt that your
company is engaged in the following activities:
(a) Sale of fertilizers
(b) Generation and supply of electricity
Now we discuss the sales tax implication on all these activities one by one in the ensuing paragraphs:

Sale of fertilizers
Fertilizer items are exempt from levy of sales tax under 6th schedule, therefore no sales tax is chargeable
on supplies related thereto. Consequently, any input tax paid on raw material used in manufacturing of
pharmaceutical products will not be admissible.

Generation and supply of electricity

Supply of electricity is also liable to sales tax either it is consumed for self-consumption or used for supply
to any other buyer. However, sales tax will be charged only on energy purchase price. The sales tax paid
on the purchase of furnace oil or other raw materials for production of electricity will be admissible for
adjustment against output tax. However, the input tax paid on electricity consumed for production of
fertilizer goods will not be admissible.
As far as your query about the sales tax on boiler is concerned, we wish to convey that the boiler falls
within the definition of machinery and it is equally liable to sales tax @ 17%. Sales tax paid thereon will
be allowed as input sales tax. Further, adjustment of input upto 90% of output will not be applicable on
machinery.
We hope the aforesaid information will meet your requirement. However, should you need any further
discussion in this regard, please do let us know.

Thanking You
MHA

105 REGISTRATION
Person Name Category of Registration Scheme of Taxation
Mr. A Wholesaler Registration
Mr. B Retailer Registration required only if it falls in Tier-1 category.
Mr. C Nil No Registration as commission agent only
Mr. D Manufacturers and Retailer Registration
Mr. E Service Provider No registration required under the Sales Tax Act 1990,
however, will have to get registered under the respective
Provincial Sales Tax Act for services.

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106 MANUFACTURERS
(i) Taxable supplies upto Rs.8,000,000 of a manufacturer/cottage industry are exempt from levy of
sales tax under the Sixth Schedule to the Sales Tax Act, 1990. Therefore, such manufacturer is
not required to get registration under Sales Tax Act. In the absence of information, it is assumed
that other conditions of cottage industry also met in the given case.
(ii) A manufacturer having turnover from taxable supplies of Rs.8,000,000 is required to be registered
as manufacturer. Therefore, person is not liable to be registered.
(iii) A manufacturer having turnover of Rs. 7,000,000 including taxable turnover of Rs 4,500,000 is
not required to be registered.

107 MR. FURQAN

(i) Returns:
Being a registered person, Mr. Furqan was required to file a nil return for each tax period
irrespective of the fact that he did not carry out any taxable activity after the registration. Failure of
Mr. Furqan to file a return by the due date may result in imposition of penalty.
(ii) De-registration:
Reasons for De-registration:
Mr. Furqan may be liable for deregistration due to any of the following reasons:
 He ceases to carry on his business;
 His supplies have become exempt from tax;
 His taxable turnover during the last 12 months has remained below the threshold;
 He transfers or sells his business;
 Merger with another person; or
 Failure to file tax return for six consecutive months.
Procedure for de-registration:
Every registered person who ceases to carry on his business or whose supplies become exempt
from tax, or who ceases to remain registered shall apply to the Commissioner Inland Revenue
having jurisdiction for cancellation of his registration in Form STR-3, and the Commissioner, on
such application or on its own initiative, may issue order of de-registration or cancellation of the
registration of such person from such date as may be specified, but not later than ninety days from
the date of such application or the date all the dues outstanding against such person are deposited
by him, whichever is later and such person shall be de-registered through computerized system
accordingly.
The Commissioner, upon completion of any audit proceedings or inquiry which may have been
initiated consequent upon the application of the registered person for de-registration, shall
complete the proceedings or inquiry within ninety days from the date of application and direct the
applicant to discharge any outstanding liability which may have been raised therein by filing a final
return under section 28:
The person applying for de-registration shall not be de-registered unless he provides record for the
purpose of auditor inquiry.
If a registered person fails to file tax return for six consecutive months, the Commissioner, without
prejudice to any action that may be taken under any other provision of the Act, after issuing a notice
in writing and after giving an opportunity of being heard to such person, shall issue order of de-
registration of such person and the computerized system shall be caused to de-register the person
accordingly.
The obligations and liabilities of the person whose registration is cancelled relating to the period
when he conducted business as a registered person shall not be affected by the fact that his
registration has been cancelled or that he has ceased to be a registered person.

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108 MANUFACTURER
Under the Sales Tax Act, 1990, a manufacturer is a person who engages, whether exclusively or not, in
the manufacture of goods whether or not the raw material of which the goods are manufactured are
owned by him; and shall include:
(i) A person who by any process or operation assembles, mixes, cuts, dilutes, bottles, packages,
repackages or prepares goods by any other manner;
(ii) An assignee or trustee in bankruptcy, liquidator, executor, or curator, of any manufacturer, or
producer and any persons who disposes of his assets in any fiduciary capacity; and
(iii) Any person, firm or company which owns, holds, claims or uses any patents, proprietary, or other
right to goods being manufactured, whether in his or its name, or on his or its behalf, as the case
may be, whether or not such person, firm or company sells, distributes, consigns, or otherwise
disposes of goods.
Provided that for the purpose of refund, only such person shall be treated as manufacturer-cum-exporter
who owns or has his own manufacturing facility to manufacture or produce the goods exported or to be
exported.

109 MR. SHOAIB

(i) Features distinguishing the concept of ‘Zero rating’ from ‘Exempt supply’:
Distinction points Zero Rated Supply Exempt Supply
Definition “Zero rated supply means a taxable “Exempt Supply means a supply
supply which is charged to tax at the which is exempt from tax.
rate of zero per cent.
Products covered Goods exported or listed in the Fifth Goods specified by Federal
Schedule are charged to sales tax at Government / FBR and goods
the rate of zero per cent. specified in the Sixth Schedule are
exempt supplies.
Invoicing Invoice shall be raised for the goods No sales tax invoice be issued.
Requirements supplied but sales tax shall be
charged at the rate of zero per cent
Registration A person engaged in zero rated A person engaged exclusively in
supplies has to be registered with the exempt supplies is not liable to
the Sales tax department. be registered.
Input tax credit Input tax paid related to zero rated Input tax paid related to exempt
supplies is refundable. supplies is inadmissible, therefore,
neither adjustable nor refundable.

(ii) Short paid amounts recoverable without notice:

Where a registered person pays the amount of tax less than the tax due as indicated in his
return, the short paid amount of tax along with default surcharge shall be recovered from such
person by stopping removal of any goods from his business premises and through attachment
of his business bank accounts, without giving him a show cause notice and without prejudice to
any other action prescribed under section 48 of this Sales Tax Act or the rules made thereunder:

(iii) Provisional and final adjustment:

Monthly adjustment of input tax claimed by a registered person is treated as a provisional

adjustment, whereas at the end of each financial year, an adjustment is made on the basis of
taxable and exempt supplies made during the course of that year. This is termed as final
adjustment.

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110 TEMPORARY SALE TAX REGISTRATION

(a) (i) As this is covered under the definition of supply, this is subject to sales tax by applying tax
% on open market price of these goods.
(ii) The free replacement of defective parts is considered as original supply and not a separate
supply. Therefore, such replacement is not chargeable to tax.
(iii) Payment must be verifiable from the business bank accounts of both the buyer and the seller.
In given matter, company will not be able to obtain input tax on its payment due to non-
verifiability of the said payment from the business bank account of the company.
(iv) Value of supply in this case should be open market price so value of supply does not include
the mark up.
(v) Time of supply is the earlier of delivery of goods or made available. So the advance received
is not subject to sales tax in this month.
(vi) These are exempt from sales tax.
(vii) Input tax paid on purchase of construction material for office building is not admissible.
(viii Input tax paid on purchase of electronic cash register is admissible and registered person
shall be entitled to deduct this input tax from output tax.
(b) Temporary registration
 Where a person files application for sales tax registration as a manufacturer without having
installed machinery, for the purpose of import of machinery to be installed by him, temporary
registration as manufacturer shall be allowed to him for a period of sixty days subject to
furnishing of the complete list of machinery to be imported along with Bill of Lading or Goods
Declaration.
 The temporary registration shall be issued by the computerized system within seventy-two
hours of filing of the complete application.
 After receiving temporary registration, the person shall be allowed to import plant, machinery
and raw materials, etc. as a manufacturer, subject to submission to the customs authorities
of a post-dated cheque equal to the difference in duties and taxes to be availed as a
manufacturer.
 In case the list of machinery is not provided within sixty days of issuance of the temporary
registration, such temporary registration shall be disabled and the post-dated cheques
submitted shall be encashed.
 A person holding temporary registration shall file monthly return, but shall not issue a sales
tax invoice and if such invoice is issued, no input tax credit shall be admissible against such
invoice.
 No sales tax refund shall be paid to the person during the period of temporary registration
and the amount of input tax may be carried forward to his returns for subsequent tax periods.

111 VALUE OF SUPPLY

Value of supply Reason
(Rs.)
(i) 1,000,000 Discount can be claimed if it is as per market norms and has been shown on
(800,000 ÷ 80%) tax invoice. Since the amount of discount has not been shown on tax invoice,
it shall be chargeable to tax at gross amount.
(ii) 900,000 Use of own manufactured items for in-house consumption will be subject to
(1,500,000×60%) sales tax. However, goods locally procured is not deemed to be supply.
(iii) Nil Time of supply is the time at which goods are delivered or make available to
the recipient. Since goods were not delivered in February, this was not
chargeable to tax in the month of February.

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Value of supply Reason

(Rs.)
(iv) 6,000,000 For taxable supplies specified in third schedule, sales tax is charged on the
(1000×6,000) retail price of goods.

(v) Nil Free replacement of defective parts is considered as original supply and not a
separate supply so this was not chargeable to tax in February return.
(vi) 400,000 Cash discount shall not be deducted while computing value of supply, so gross
amount shall be chargeable to tax.

112 SHAJEE LIMITED (SL)

(a) Tier-1 retailers:

Tier-1 retailers are required to be registered under Sale Tax Act, 1990. They shall pay tax at
the rate as applicable to the goods sold under relevant provisions of the Sales Tax Act or a
notification issue thereunder.

Tier-1 retailers shall integrate their retail outlets with Board’s computerized system for real-time
reporting of sales.

In case a Tier-1 retailer does not integrate his retail outlet in the manner as prescribed during
a tax period or part thereof, the adjustable input tax for whole of that tax period shall be reduced
by 60%.

Other than Tier-1 retailers:

Retailers other than those falling in Tier-1 are not required to be registered under Sales Tax
Act, 1990. Tax shall be charged from them, through their monthly electricity bills in the following
manner:
Monthly Electricity bill Monthly sales tax
Does not exceed Rs.30,000 Rs.3,000
Rs.30,001-Rs.50,000 Rs.5,000
Exceeds Rs.50,000 Rs.10,000

FBR may charge sales tax upto Rs. 200,000 on certain prescribed persons through general order.
Moreover, above tabulated rates will be doubled if the name of person is not appearing in active
taxpayers list issued by
The electricity supplier shall deposit the amount so collected directly without adjusting against
his input tax. The above tax is other than normal tax of 17%, further tax of 3% and extra tax.

(b) Return of supply

SL shall issue a debit note (in duplicate) in respect goods returned, indicating the quantity
being returned, its value determined on the basis of the value of supply as shown in the tax
invoice issued by the supplier and the amount of related sales tax paid thereon, as well as the
following, namely:

 name and registration number of SL;

 name and registration number of TPL;
 number and date of the original sales tax invoice;
 the reason of issuance of the debit note; and
 signature and seal of the authorized person issuing the note.

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CHAPTER 18– DETERMINATION OF SALES TAX LIABILITY

113 M/S ABC
Computation of sales tax under value addition mode in respect of sales tax registration under Sales Tax
Act 1990
FOR THE TAX PERIOD MARCH 2023

Particulars Export Local Total

Sales 1,200,000 800,000 2,000,000

Output tax (A) - 136,000 136,000

Less input tax

Directly attributable

Export related (142,292-12,292) (D) 130,000 - 130,000

Local sale related (B) - 75,000

Common input electricity (C) 45,000 30,000 75,000

Net tax payable (A-B-C) 31,000

Tax refundable (C+D) 175,000 30,000 200,000

114 M/S SAFI ELECTRONICS

SAFI ELECTRONICS
COMPUTATION OF SALES TAX LIABILITY
TAX PERIOD: MARCH 2023

Particulars Computation Sales Tax

Input tax

Purchases from registered person (4,500,000 - 100,000) 748,000

@17%=

Purchases from un-registered persons 1,200,000

Utility bills 75,000

Imports 2,300,000 @17% 391,000

Input tax omitted to be claimed in the relevant month of 100,000@17% 17,000

February 2023

Input tax for the month 1,231,000

Input tax brought forward from the preceding month 45,000

Input tax related to exports to be refunded 1,231,000 x (369,300)

3/(3.2+3.6+0.2+3)

Accumulated credit to be claimed 1,276,000 – 364,200 906,700

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Particulars Computation Sales Tax

Output tax

Sales to registered person 3,200,000 @17% 544,000

Sales to un-registered person 3,600,000 @17% 612,000

Supply on account of personal use of goods 200,000 @17% 34,000

Exports 3,000,000 @0% 0

Total output tax 1,190,000

Input Adjustment: 283,300
(Lower of 90% of output and actual input tax)
Sales tax payable Rs.(1,190,000-906,700)

Add: Further tax on sales to un-registered person 3,600,000 @ 3% 108,000

Sales tax payable with return 391,300

Refund of tax on zero rated 369,300

115 ZETA PAKISTAN LTD

i. Under the amended provisions of Sales Tax Act, 1990, self-consumption of goods not produced or
manufactured but acquired for trading or otherwise, is not deemed to be “supply” and therefore not
chargeable to tax. Consequently, input tax relating to such products is not deductible. Sales tax is
chargeable on self-consumption of only manufactured products and input tax relating thereto is
also deductible.
ii. The ‘sale price’ of the product sold includes the cost of parts, if any, to be supplied during the
warranty period, therefore it is not considered as a ‘separate supply’ and hence no sales tax is
chargeable at the time of disposal of ‘parts’ to meet the warranty claim.
iii. Sales Tax Rules, 2006 disallow the claim of input tax where the goods have been returned by the
buyer on the grounds that such goods are not fit for consumption.

116 MR. KALEEM

Computation of Sales Tax Liability
TAX PERIOD: FEBRUARY, 2023

Rs. in million

Output tax (W-1) 20.40

Less: Input tax
- relating to manufactured goods (W-2) (18.36)
Sales tax payable 2.04

Amount to be carried forward to March 2023

(Rs. 19.20m - Rs. 18.36m) 0.84
Sales Tax Refundable on exports
(Rs. 160 m x 17%) x Rs. 30m ÷ Rs. 170m 4.8

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W-1: Output tax

Taxable supplies
Manufactured goods (Rs. 120m x 17%) 20.40
Exports - Zero rated supplies (30m x 0%) 0
Exempt supplies (20m) Exempt
20.40

W-2: Input tax – manufacturing (lower of actual and 90% of output tax)
On purchase of raw
(Rs. 160 m x 17%) 27.2
Inadmissible input tax- W-3 (8)
19.2
Restricted to 90% of output tax (Rs. 20.40 x90%) 18.36

Note:
As the zero rated supplies are less than 50% of all taxable supplies, therefore 90% limitation is applicable
u/s 8B of the Sales Tax Ordinance, 1990.
Purchase from un-registered persons will have no implication on the above computation.
It is assumed that sales are only to registered persons.

W-3: Apportionment of input tax

Residual input tax 27.2
Inadmissible input tax
Exempt supplies (20/170 x 27.2) 3.2
Export (30/170 x 27.2) 4.8
Total inadmissible input tax 8

117 ZUBAIR ENTERPRISES LTD (ZEL)

(a) Sales tax payable/(refundable) for June 2023

Output tax Rs.

On sale of taxable goods in Pakistan (Note 1)
Rs. 45,000,000 x 17% 7,650,000

On sale of goods exported to Saudi Arabia

Rs. 18,000,000 x 0% 0
On goods given to the Chief Executive free of cost (Note 2)
Rs. 100,000 x 17% 17,000
Total output tax (A) 7,667,000
Input tax
Purchases of raw material for manufacturing goods (see working) 6,102,564
Total input tax (B) 6,102,564
Further Sales Tax on supplies to unregistered parties (C) Rs. 25,000,000 x 3% 750,000
Balance tax payable (A-B+C) 2,314,436

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Working:
A registered person is not allowed to adjust input tax for a tax period in excess of 90% of the output
tax for that tax period. [S.8B]
As the zero rated supplies are less than 50% of all taxable supplies, therefore 90% limitation is
applicable u/s 8B of the Sales Tax Ordinance, 1990.

Rs.

Input tax related to local sales (42,000,000 x 17/117) 6,102,564

Restricted to 90% of output tax for June 2021

(90% of Rs. 7,667,000) 6,900,300

Tax Refundable on exports (16,000,000+10,000,000 x 17/117) 3,777,778

Explanations:
Note 1
Total supplies other than exports are Rs. 45,000,000. The value of a supply can be reduced by a
trade discount only if:
(i) the trade discount is in conformity with the normal business practices; and
(ii) is shown on the sales tax invoices.
In the instant case the second condition is not fulfilled; therefore, the value of the supply is not
reduced for the purpose of charging sales tax. [S.2(46)(b)]
Note 2
The goods given to the chief executive are not exempt but fall within the definition of a supply and
are liable to payment of sales tax.
Note 3
The input tax on Rs. 10,000,000 paid for the acquisition of the machinery is adjustable wholly and
restriction of 90% of the output tax is not applicable in such case. [First proviso to S.8B]
Note 4
The input tax of Rs. 100,000 pertaining to the raw material purchased in November 2022 cannot
be claimed in June 2023 as it is older than 180 days and so ineligible for adjustment. It could only
have been claimed up to April 29, 2023. [Sec. 7(1)]
(b) Tax liability on behalf of a supplier of goods
A registered person receiving a supply from another registered person can be held liable to pay
tax on the supplies received where the person receiving the supplies has knowledge or reasonable
grounds to suspect that the person making the supplies has not paid of which burden to prove shall
be on the department tax in respect of:
 current supplies;
 previous supplies; or
 subsequent supplies.
The above liability shall be joint and several with the person making the supplies. [S.8A]
(c) Zubair Enterprises Ltd (ZEL) should avoid dealing with this supplier as it is exposing ZEL to the
risk of a tax liability to the extent of any non-payment of tax on the supplies made to ZEL. However,
the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) can notify in the Official Gazette certain transactions on
which this liability will not arise. If the transactions made by ZEL with the supplier are included in
such notification, there would be no liability on ZEL on this basis.

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118 SUNGLOW PAKISTAN LIMITED

Output tax Rupees
On sale of multimedia projectors to registered persons 7,375,950 @ 17% 1,253,912
On sale of multimedia projectors to unregistered persons 8,040,150 @ 17% 1,366,826
On sale of accessories and lenses for the multimedia projectors 1,615,785 @ 17% to 274,683
registered persons
2,877,421
Less: Return of multimedia projectors sold in January 2023 (166,685)
980,500@ 17%
Total Output Tax 2,710,536
Input tax
On purchase of electronic components and lenses
(Rs. 6,987,354 x 17/117) 1,015,257
Purchase of stores, supplies and raw material for use in the
Manufacture of multimedia projectors 2,125,215
Less: Amount paid in cash (225,215)
Purchase on which input is admissible 1,900,000
(Rs. 1,900,000 x 17/117) 276,068
On import of plant and machinery (Note 1) (2,350,000 x 17/117) 341,453
Purchases returned
(Rs. 1,050,650 x 17/117) (152,658)
1,480,120
1,236,416
Add: Further tax on sale of multimedia projectors to unregistered persons 8,040,150 @ 241,205
3%
Sales tax payable for the month of February 2023
1,477,621

Note 1: The limitation of 90% has not been used as the input tax (without input tax on fixed assets) is
already less than 90% of output tax.
119 LEPROC ASSOCIATES
Input tax Rupees
On purchase of raw materials for manufacturing 1,471,561
taxable supplies (Rs. 10,127,800 x 17/117)
On purchase of raw material for manufacturing both taxable and 573,205
exempt supplies (3,945,000 x17/117)
Input tax not deducted in the return for the month of January, 2023 185,700
Total 2,230,466
Input tax inadmissible/nonadjustable being related to export and exempt goods (Note -1) (219,179)
Net input tax admissible against local supplies 2,011,287

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Output tax Rupees

On sale of taxable goods to registered persons (Rs. 6,296,000 x 17%) 1,070,320
On sale of taxable goods to unregistered persons 1,168,690
(Rs. 6,874,650 x 17%)
On export of goods to Nigeria Rs. 5,790,000 – zero rated 0
On exempt goods -
2,239,010
Sales tax payable for the month of February 2023
Output tax 2,239,010
Input tax – Lower of Rs. 2,011,287 or 90% of output tax of Rs. 2,239,010)
As the zero rated supplies are less than 50% of all taxable supplies, therefore 90% 2,011,287
limitation is applicable u/s 8B of the Sales Tax Ordinance, 1990.
Net Payable 227,723
Further Tax on sale of taxable goods to unregistered persons 206,240
(Rs. 6,874,650 x 3%)
Sales tax payable with return 433,963
Sales tax carry forward to the next month -
Sales tax refundable 155,635

Note-1
Apportionment of residual input tax Rupees
Total residual input tax 573,205
Total sales (6,296,000+5,790,000+6,874,650+2,364,000) 21,324,650
Input tax apportioned on export sales (573,205 X 5,790,000/21,324,650) 155,635
Input tax apportioned on exempt sales (573,205 X 2,364,000/21,324,650) 63,544
Total input tax inadmissible/nonadjustable 219,179
Note: It is assumed that input tax not claimed in January 2023 pertains to taxable supply only.

120 BARQ RO (PAKISTAN) LTD (BRPL)

Output tax Rupees
On the sale of taxable goods (Rs. 6,535,000 x 17%) 1,110,950
On export of cables to Tanzania (zero rated) 0
1,110,950

Input tax
On payment for purchases of raw materials (Rs. 7,448,850 x 17/117) 1,082,312
On payment for machinery of the new unit - (5,395,500 x 17/117) 783,962

1,866,274
Input tax non-adjustable being related to export (Note -1) (876,732)
989,542

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 Answer bank: Objective test and long-form answers

Sales Tax payable and refundable for the month of June 2023 Rupees
Output tax 1,110,950
Input tax allowed 989,542

Net payable 121,408

Sales tax refundable 876,732

Amount of input tax excluding input tax on machinery (Rs. 1,082,312 – 876,732) is less than the 90% of
1,110,950 (999,855). Therefore, full input tax would be allowed.
Note-1

Apportionment of residual input tax Rupees

Total residual input tax 1,866,274

Total sales (6,535,000+5,790,000) 12,325,000

Input tax apportioned on export sales 876,732

(1,866,274 X 5,790,000/12,325,000)

121 MR. YOUSHA

A credit note can be issued within 180 days of the date of the relevant supply. As the supply was made
on 30 June 2022, 180 days would expire on 27 December 2022. Therefore, the credit note cannot be
issued by Yousha Associates in the month of January 2023 unless the Commissioner, at the request of
Yousha Associates, extends the period for the submission of the credit note. The collector has been
empowered to extend the period of 180 days by a further 180 days at the request of the supplier in writing,
giving reasons for the desired extension in time.

122 FOLAD LTD (FL)

(a) In case the consideration for a supply is in kind, or is partly in kind and partly in money, the value
of the supply shall mean the open market price of the supply excluding the amount of tax.
Therefore, value of supply shall be Rs. 2,500,000 and not the consideration received i.e.
Rs.2,375,000. However, if the sales tax invoice reflects trade discount of Rs. 125,000 and
discount allowed is in conformity with the normal business practices, then the value of taxable
supply will be taken at Rs. 2,375,000.
(b) Return of supply:
Tameer Limited (TL) would follow the following procedure:
(i) TL shall issue a Debit Note (in duplicate) in respect of Iron Bars supplied to it by Folad
Limited (FL), indicating the quantity being returned, its value determined on the basis of the
value of Iron Bars as shown in the tax invoice issued by FL and the amount of related sales
tax paid thereon, as well as the following, namely:‐
 name and registration number of the recipient i.e. TL;
 name and registration number of the supplier i.e. FL
 number and date of the original sales tax invoice;
 the reason of issuance of the debit Note; and
 signature and seal of the authorized person issuing the note.
(ii) The original copy of the debit note shall be sent to FL and the duplicate copy shall be
retained by TL for record

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123 KAMYAB ENGINEERING LIMITED (KEL)

Computation of sales tax payable/refundable for the tax period January 2023

Rs. in ‘000
Taxable Sales
Value Tax
Input Tax
Domestic purchases from registered persons 70,700 12,019
Input tax on liability outstanding-180 days not lapsed
Less: Inadmissible / un‐adjustable input tax (W‐1) (3,278)
Input tax for the month 8,741
Output tax
Domestic supplies of manufactured goods:
- to registered persons @ 17% 40,000 6,800
- to unregistered persons @ 17% 24,000 4,080
- Exempt goods ‐ ‐
- Export to Malaysia @ 0% 13,000 0
Output tax for the month 10,880
Sales tax payable 2,139
Add: Further tax on supplies to unregistered persons @ 3% 720
2,859
Sales tax refundable 1,776
Less:
- Penalty (50)
- Additional tax (25)
Net amount refundable 1,701

Note: If a registered person is liable to pay any tax, default surcharge or penalty payable under any law
administered by the Board, the refund of input tax shall be made after adjustment of unpaid outstanding
amount of tax or, as the case may be, default surcharge and penalty.
Amount of input tax is less than the 90% of output tax. Therefore, full input tax would be allowed.
W‐1: Apportionment of input tax

Gross Taxable Sales

value Value Tax
Domestic purchases from registered persons 70,700 70,700 12,019
Total sales of manufactured goods 88,000
Exempt supplies 11,000
Exports 13,000
Inadmissible tax on exempt supplies
(11,000 / 88,000x12,019) 1,502
Input tax on exports – to be claimed as a refund
(13,000 / 88,000x12,019) 1,776
Total inadmissible/ un‐adjustable input tax 3,278

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124 MR. ABDUL GHAFFAR

Computation of sales tax liability
For the period February 2023

Rs. in ‘000
Gross Taxable
Value Value
SALES TAXCREDIT(INPUT TAX)
Imports for domestic consumptions @ 17% 17,000 2,890
Local purchases @ 17% 8,000 1 360
( - ) Inadmissible import - exempt supplies – [W-1] (1,133)

Input tax for the month 3,117

+ previous month credit brought forward 365
Accumulated credit 3,482
SALES TAX DEBIT (OUTPUT TAX)
Domestic supplies of manufactured goods@17% 22,000 3,740
Exempt goods 3,000 Exempt
Export @ 0% 5,000 Zero

Debit for the month 3,740

*Admissible credit lower of accumulated credit,

90% of output tax [3,482 or 3,366 (90% of 3,740)] 3,366

Sales tax payable (3,740 – 3,366) 374

Refund claim (Input consumed in export) [W-1] 708

Balance carried forward (Rs. 3,482 - 3,366) 116

W-1: APPORTIONMENT OF INPUT TAX

Taxable Sales Tax

Value
Imports for domestic consumption 2,890
Local purchases 1,360
Residual input tax 4,250
Total sales other than sales of commercial goods 30,000
Inadmissible input tax
Exempt supplies (3,000 ÷ 30,000 x 4,250) 425
Exports – note 2 (5,000 ÷ 30,000 x 4,250) 708
Total inadmissible input tax 1,133

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125 OLIVE LIMITED (OL)

Computation of net sales tax liability for the tax period January 2023

Rs. in ‘000

Gross Taxable Sales Tax

Sales Tax Credit (Input Tax) Value Value

Domestic purchases (excluding fixed assets) @17% 6,000 6,000 1,020

Imports excluding fixed assets-domestic consumption 15,000 15,000 2,550

Fixed assets (vehicle) – inadmissible as per SRO 1,500 0 -

490(I)/2004 dated 12 June 2004
(-) Inadmissible input- exempt supplies- (W-1) (1,078)
Input Tax for the month 2,492

(+) Previous month credit brought forward 325

+ Credit on plant & machinery 204
Accumulated credit 3,021

SALES TAX DEBIT (OUTPUT TAX)

Domestic supplies of manufactured goods 20,000 20,000 3,400
Exempt goods 4,000 0 -
Exports 4,000 4,000 0
Output tax for the month 3,400
Admissible credit 3,021
Lower of 90% of 3,400 (3,060) or accumulated input tax
less input tax on machinery (3,021-204=2,817)
Sales Tax Payable 379
Sales Tax to be carried forward Nil
Refund claim (input consumed in export)- (W-1) 539

W-1: Apportionment of input tax

Domestic Purchases (excluding fixed assets) 6,000 6,000 1,020
Imports excluding fixed assets-domestic consumption 15,000 15,000 2,550
Purchase of machinery 1,200 1,200 204
Residual input tax TOTAL 3,774

Rupees
Total sales 28,000
Exempt supplies 4,000
Inadmissible input tax (3,774x4,000/28,000) (A) 539
Total sales 28,000
Export supplies 4,000
Inadmissible/ refundable input tax (3,774 x 4,000/28,000) (B) 539
Total inadmissible input tax (A) + (B) 1,078

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126 MR. INSAF

Requirements for claiming input tax
(i) Following are the conditions that need to be satisfied for the adjustment of input tax against the
output tax liability:
1. Input tax paid or payable during the tax period for the purpose of taxable supplies made or
to be made is deductible from the output tax that is due in respect of that tax period provided
that where a registered person did not deduct input tax within the relevant period,
 he may claim it in the return for any six succeeding tax periods; or
 may file a revised return, subject to the approval of CIR, within 120 days of the filing
of original return; or
 the CIR may, after satisfying himself that input tax adjustment is due and admissible,
allow the registered person to take such adjustment in the tax period as specified by
the CIR.
2. In order to claim input tax, the taxpayer in each of the following cases must hold in his
name, bearing his sales tax registration number,
 in case of local purchases, a valid tax invoice or where the supplier has not declared
such supply in his return or has not paid amount of tax due as indicated in his return.
 in case of imported goods, a bill of entry or goods declaration, duly cleared by the
customs under the Customs Act.
 in case of goods purchased in auction, a treasury challan.
3. Input tax may also be claimed if allowed by the Board with the approval of the Minister
Incharge of the Federal Government, by a special order, or by a Gazette notification, subject
to such conditions, limitations or restrictions as may be specified therein.
(ii) In the following cases a registered person shall not be entitled to reclaim or deduct input tax.
 Tax on goods or services used or to be used for any purpose other than for taxable supplies
made or to be made
 Extra tax levied under Section 3(5)
 Tax on goods or services in respect of which sales tax has not been deposited into the
government treasury by the supplier
 On fake invoices
 On purchases made by such person who fails to furnish the information required by the FBR
 Such proportion of the input tax which is attributable to non-taxable supplies
 Tax on such goods or services which the Board with the approval of the Minister Incharge
of the Federal Government may specify through a Gazette notification
 Tax on goods which cannot be supplied to a non-registered person, as specified by the
federal government by way of a Gazette notification
 Purchases in respect of which a discrepancy is indicated by CREST or input tax of which is
not verifiable in the supply chain;
 Goods and services acquired for personal or non-business consumption;
 Goods used in, or permanently attached to, immoveable property, such as building and
construction materials, paints, electrical and sanitary fittings, pipes, wires and cables, but
excluding Pre-fabricated buildings and such goods acquired for sale or re-sale or for direct
use in the production or manufacture of taxable goods; and
 Vehicles falling in Chapter 87 of the First Schedule to the Customs Act, 1969 (IV of 1969),
parts of such vehicles, electrical and gas appliances, furniture furnishings, office equipment
(excluding electronic cash registers), but excluding such goods acquired for sale or re-sale.

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 Services in respect of which input tax adjustment is barred under the respective provincial
sales tax law;
 Import or purchase of agricultural machinery or equipment subject to sales tax at the rate of
7% under Eighth Schedule to this Act; and
 From the date to be notified by the Board, such goods and services which, at the time of
filing of return by the buyer, have not been declared by the supplier in his return.
 the input goods attributable to supplies made to unregistered distributor, on pro-rata basis,
for which sale invoices do not bear the NIC number or NTN, as the case may be, of the
recipient as stipulated in section 23.
 If the payment against purchases exceeding Rs. 50,000 is not made through proper banking
channel.
 If payment, in case of a transaction on credit, is not made within one hundred and eighty
days of issuance of the tax invoice.
127 MR. RIZWAN
(a) A registered person shall not be entitled to claim or deduct input tax paid on:
(i) goods or services used or to be used for any purpose other than for taxable supplies made
or to be made by him; OR goods or services used or to be used for making the exempt
goods supplies.
(ii) any other goods which the Board with the approval of the Minister Incharge of the Federal
Government may, by a notification in the official Gazette, specify.
(iii) the goods which are subject to extra tax in addition to normal tax payable at 17%.
(iv) fake invoices.
(v) taxable goods or services which have not been deposited into government treasury by the
supplier.
(vi) purchases made by a registered person, who fails to furnish the information required by the
Board through a notification.
(vii) purchases where payment has not been made through crossed cheque.
(viii) supplies used for specified goods if such good are supplied to unregistered person.
 Purchases in respect of which a discrepancy is indicated by CREST or input tax of which
is not verifiable in the supply chain;
 Goods and services acquired for personal or non-business consumption;
 Goods used in, or permanently attached to, immoveable property, such as building and
construction materials, paints, electrical and sanitary fittings, pipes, wires and cables,
but excluding Pre-fabricated buildings and such goods acquired for sale or re-sale or for
direct use in the production or manufacture of taxable goods; and
 Vehicles falling in Chapter 87 of the First Schedule to the Customs Act, 1969 (IV of
1969), parts of such vehicles, electrical and gas appliances, furniture furnishings, office
equipment (excluding electronic cash registers), but excluding such goods acquired for
sale or re-sale.
 Services in respect of which input tax adjustment is barred under the respective
provincial sales tax law;
 the input goods attributable to supplies made to unregistered distributor, on pro-rata
basis, for which sale invoices do not bear the NIC number or NTN, as the case may be,
of the recipient as stipulated in section 23.
 Import or purchase of agricultural machinery or equipment subject to sales tax at the
rate of 7% under Eighth Schedule to this Act; and
 From the date to be notified by the Board, such goods and services which, at the time
of filing of return by the buyer, have not been declared by the supplier in his return.

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(b) A credit note can only be issued within 180 days of the date of relevant supply. As the supply was
made on August 15, 2022, the 180 days expired on February 10 ,2023. Therefore, the credit note
cannot be issued in the month of March 2023. However, the CIR, at the request of Rizwan
Enterprise to the board may extend the period for the submission of the credit note. The CIR has
been empowered to extend the period of 180 days by a further 180 days at the request of the
supplier in writing giving reason for the desired extension in time.
(c) (i) If there is a change in the rate of tax:
 a taxable supply made by a registered person shall be charged to tax at such rate as
in force at the time of supply.
 imported goods shall be charged to tax at such rate as is in force -
 in case the goods are entered for home consumption, on the date on which a goods
declaration is presented.
 in case the goods are cleared from warehouse, on the date on which a goods
declaration for clearance of such goods is presented.
 where goods declaration is presented in advance of the arrival of the conveyance by
which the goods are imported, the tax shall be charged as is in force on the date on
which the manifest of the conveyance is delivered.
 If the tax is not paid within seven days of the presenting of the goods declaration the
tax shall be charged at the rate as is in force on the date on which tax is actually paid.
(ii) Any person who has collected or collects any tax or charge, whether under
misapprehension of any provision of the Sales Tax Act, 1990 or otherwise, which was not
payable as tax or charge or which is in excess of the tax or charge actually payable and the
incidence of which has been passed on to the consumer. Such person is required to pay
the amount of tax or charge so collected to the Federal Government.
Any amount payable to the Federal Government by virtue of the above shall be deemed to
have been paid as an arrear of tax or charge payable under the Sales Tax Act, 1990 and
shall be recoverable accordingly and no claim for refund in respect of such amount shall be
admissible. The burden of proof that the incidence of tax or charge has been or has not
been passed to the consumer shall be on the person collecting the tax or charge.

128 ZERO RATING

(a) Following are the goods which shall be charged to tax at the rate of zero per cent:
 Goods exported.
 Goods specified in the Fifth Schedule.
 Supply of stores and provisions for consumption aboard a conveyance proceeding to a
destination outside Pakistan.
 such other goods, as the Federal Government may specify by notification in the official
Gazette, whenever circumstances exist to take immediate action for the purposes of national
security, natural disaster, national food security in emergency situations and implementation
of bilateral and multilateral agreements
(b) Goods identified in (a) above shall not be qualified for zero rating in the following situations:
 Goods are exported but have been or are intended to be re-imported into Pakistan.
 Goods have been entered for export u/s 131 of the Customs Act, 1969, but are not exported.
 Goods have been exported to a country specified by the Federal Government, by notification
in the official gazette.

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129 MS.ZAINAB
Computation of Sales Tax Liability
for the month of February 2023

Gross Taxable Sales Tax

Value Value @17%
Sales tax credit (input tax) Amount in Rupees
Local purchases:
- from registered persons 6,000,000 6,000,000 1,020,000
- from unregistered persons 850,000 - -
1,020,000
(-) Purchase returned (150,000) (150,000) (25,500)
994,500
(+) Input tax, not claimed in the return for September
100,000 100,000 17,000
2022
Input tax attributable to both taxable and exempt
1,011,500
supplies
Inadmissible/nonadjustable input tax (W-1) (932,058)
Input tax for the month 79,442
(+) Previous month credit brought forward 262,500
341,942
Sales tax debit (Output tax)
Taxable supplies to registered persons 1,010,000 1,010,000 171,700
Exports to Thailand (3,950,000+
6,500,000 0
2,550,000)
Exempt supplies 5,350,000
(7,900,000 - -
2,550,000)
Output tax for the month 171,700
Admissible credit (Lower of 90% of Rs. 171,700 or
(154,530)
input tax)
Sales tax payable 17,170
Input tax to be carried forward
187,411
(Rs. 341,941 - Rs. 154,530)
Refund claim (W-1) 511,256
W-1: Apportionment of Residual Input Tax
Total input tax on purchases 1,011,500
Total supplies 12,860,000
Allocation of input tax to exempt and zero rated
supplies
Input tax on exempt supplies 1,011,500X(5,350,000)/12,860,000 420,803
Zero rated supplies 1,011,500X(3,950,000+ 2,550,000)/12,860,000 511,256
Inadmissible input tax 932,058

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130 SAMAD CORPORATION (SC)

(a) (i) In case the consideration for a supply is partly in kind and partly in money, the value of the
supply shall mean the open market price of the supply excluding the amount of tax;
Therefore, in this case sales tax would be payable on the market price of Rs. 3.5 million.
(ii) In case of trade discounts, sales tax would be levied on the discounted price excluding the
amount of tax; provided the tax invoice shows the discounted price and the related tax and
the discount allowed is in conformity with the normal business practices;
In this case the discounted price to be shown on the sales tax invoice would be the one
computed at 8% discount. Therefore, value of supply would be Rs. 7.36 million (Rs.
6.8m/0.85 x 0.92).
(iii) On items specified in the Third Schedule, sales tax is charged on the retail price of goods
excluding the amount of retail tax.
Therefore, in this case sales tax would be levied on Rs. 3.0 million (Rs. 150,000 x 20 tons).
(b) Change in value of supply: If a debit note is issued on account of change (increase) in the value
of supply mentioned on the invoice, it shall contain the following particulars:
(i) Name and registration number of the supplier;
(ii) Name and registration number of the recipient;
(iii) Number and date of the original sales tax invoice;
(iv) The original value and sales tax as in original invoice;
(v) The revised value and sales tax;
(vi) The difference of value and sales tax adjustable;
(vii) The reason for revision of value; and
(viii) Signature and seal of the authorized person issuing the note.

131 MAROOF ENGINEERING LIMITED (MEL)

Computation of Sales Tax Payable/ Refundable
For the tax period February 2023

Rs. In ‘000
Taxable Sales
Value Tax
Sales Tax Credit (Input Tax)
Local purchases:
- From registered persons (Rs. 15.0 m – Rs.1.0 m) 14,000 2,380
- From unregistered persons 8,000 -
Fixed assets (Machinery) 2400 408
Material against which sales tax invoice has not been received 2,000 -
Input tax attributable to both taxable and exempted supplies 2,788
Less: Inadmissible/ un-adjustable input tax (W-1) (1,365)
Input tax for the month 1,423
(+) Previous month credit brought forward 50
Accumulated credit 1,473

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Rs. In ‘000
Taxable Sales
Value Tax
Sales Tax Debit (Output Tax)
Domestic supplies of manufactured goods:
- to registered persons 10,000 1,700
- to unregistered persons 3,000 510
- Export to Taiwan 10,000 0
- Exempt goods 2,000 -
Parts provided to the CEO 15 2.55
Output tax for the month 2,212.55
Less: Sales return 500 (85)
Debit for the month 2,127.55
Admissible credit (90% of Rs. 2,127.55 or 1,473 whichever is lower) 1,473
Sales tax payable 654
Add Further tax on supplies to un-registered persons 90
Total sales tax payable with the return 744
Input tax to be carried forward -
Refund claim (input consumed in export) (W-1) 1,137
W-1 : Apportionment of input tax Rs. In ‘000
Total residual input tax 2,788
Allocation of residual input tax to exempt and zero rated supplies
Exempt supplies (2,000/24,515 x 2,788) 227
Zero rated supplies (10,000/24,515 x2,788) 1,137
 Inadmissible/ non-adjustable input tax 1,365

132 FAIZ ASSOCIATES

Computation of sales tax payable/refundable
For the period January 2023

Taxable Sales Sales

Value Tax Rate Tax
----------------- Rupees -----------------

Sales tax credits - Input Tax

Purchases from registered suppliers 2,000,000

Purchases of air conditioners for office use 150,000

1,850,000 314,500

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Taxable Sales Sales

Value Tax Rate Tax
----------------- Rupees -----------------
Purchases from unregistered suppliers 450,000 inadmissible -
Purchases exempt goods from registered suppliers 600,000 exempt -
Invoice issued by Taqi Corporation which was declared
blacklisted in next period -
Sindh sales tax paid on franchise service - inadmissible -
Total input tax 314,500
Less: Inadmissible/unadjusted input tax (68,431)
Input tax for the month 246,069
Opening balance 265,000
Less: Input tax on goods destroyed (45,000×0.17) 7,650
257,350
Accumulated credit 503,419

Sales tax debits - Output Tax

Local taxable supplies 3,450,000
Local taxable supplies - *to Hafiz Brothers (80,000)
Local taxable supplies - to Ghalib Corporation (225,000)
Local taxable supplies - to Parveen Limited
– associated undertaking (600,000–500,000) 100,000
Local taxable supplies - correction of invoice 90,000
(540,000–450,000)
3,335,000 566,950
- unregistered persons 1,000,000 U.R 170,000
Local taxable supplies - to Hafiz Brothers* 80,000 U.R 13,600
4,415,000
Export (zero rated) 700,000 Z.R -
Consumer goods supplied to PIA international flight 500,000 Z.R -
1,200,000
Output tax for the month 5,615,000 750,550
Less: Sales return (100,000) (17,000)
Total supplies/Output tax for the month 5,515,000 733,550
Free replacement of defective parts - -
Admissible credit [90% of output tax i.e.
Rs.(733,550×0.9 = 660,195) or input tax Rs. 503,419
whichever is lower] (503,419)
230,731
Further tax on supplies to unregistered persons
(1,000,000+80,000)=1,080,000×3% 32,400
Sales tax payable 263,131
Sales tax to be carried forward (503,419–503,419) -
Sales tax refundable
[314,500×(700,000+500,000)/5,515,000] 68,431

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Tax Practices

133 CYMA ASSOCIATES

Computation of Sales Tax Payable/Refundable
For the tax period August 2022
Taxable Sales tax
Sales Tax
Value rate
------------------- Rupees -------------------
SALES TAX CREDITS (INPUT TAX)
Purchases from registered suppliers
(20,000,000−350,000−800,000) 18,850,000 17% 3,204,500
Purchases from unregistered suppliers 1,800,000 inadmissible
Purchases of exempt goods from registered suppliers 400,000 inadmissible
Purchases against which cash deposited in bank account 350,000 inadmissible
Purchases against which discrepancy indicated by CREST 800,000 inadmissible
Fixed assets (Machinery) 1,000,000 17% 170,000
Total input tax 23,200,000 3,374,500
Less: Inadmissible/unadjusted input tax (W-1) (440,280)
Input tax for the month 2,934,220
Add: Excess of input tax over output tax of July 2022 75,000
Accumulated credit 3,009,220
SALES TAX DEBIT (OUTPUT TAX)
Local taxable supplies - to registered suppliers
(15,000,000+500,000−325,000−300,000) 14,875,000 17% 2,528,750
Local taxable supplies - to unregistered persons 2,800,000 17% 476,000
Local taxable supplies - according to agreement with
Majeed sons 225,000 17% 38,250
Local taxable supplies - to government official
(325,000+125,000) 450,000 17% 76,500
Local taxable supplies - sale of tooth brushes 400,000 17% 68,000
18,750,000
Exempt supplies - no effect of free samples given 1,700,000 -
Export (zero rated) (1,500,000−500,000) 1,000,000 -
Output tax for the month 21,450,000 3,187,500
Less: Sales return (756,000) (128,520)
Total supplies/Output tax for the month 20,694,000 3,058,980
Admissible credit (90% of output tax i.e. Rs. 2,753,082
(3,058,980 × 0.9) or input tax excluding Fixed Assets
(3,009,220-154,030=2,,855,190) whichever is lower. (2,753,082)
305,898
Input tax on fixed assets (170,000x18,750,000/20,694,000) 154,030
151,868
Further tax on supplies to unregistered persons =
2,800,000 × 3% 84,000
Sales tax payable 235,868
Sales tax to be carried forward
(3,009,220-2,753,082-151,868 104,270
Sales tax refundable (3,374,500 × 1,000,000 /
21,450,000) 163,067

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 Answer bank: Objective test and long-form answers

Taxable Sales tax

Sales Tax
Value rate
------------------- Rupees -------------------
W-1: Apportionment of input tax
Residual input tax 3,374,500
Exempt supplies and export sales (1,700,000+1,000,000) 2,700,000
Total supplies 21,450,000
Inadmissible input tax [(2,700,000/20,694,000)×3,374,500] 440,280

134 SAMAAJ ASSOCIATES

Rs. Rs.
Output tax
Local taxable supplies to registered persons (Rs. 2,500,000 x 17%) 425,000
Taxable supplies to unregistered persons U/S 3 (Rs.875,000 x 17%) (Note - 2) 148,750
Person registered as exporter (625,000 x 17%)
- assumed not registered under DTRE 106,250
Supply of shampoo (Rs. 135,000 x 3 = 405,000 x 17%) 68,850
Sales tax not charged 27,000
Advance against supply of electric shavers-sales tax payable on delivery

Total output tax 748,850

Input tax
Input tax (Note - 1) 236,540
Sales tax paid on electricity bills (Rs. 70,000 + 45,000 + 68,000) 183,000
Add sales tax credit b/f 30,000
Total input (A) 449,540
90% of output tax (B) 673,965
Less: Admissible input tax: lower of (A) or (B) 299,310
Sales tax payable 299,310
Add 3% further tax on supplies to un registered persons (Rs.875,000 x 3%) 26,250
Net total sales tax payable 325,560

Input tax working

Raw material purchased from registered persons (Rs. 930,000 x 17%) 158,100
Packing material from registered person (Rs. 510,000 x 17%) 86,700
Imports (Rs. 472,000 x 17%) 80,240
Cables and wires purchase (Rs. 250,000 x 17%) 42,500
Electric kettles purchased [Tax credit not allowed u/s 8(1)(a)] -
Input tax claimed on HCL (80,000)
Input tax disallowed due to late payment (Rs. 300,000 x 17%) (51,000)
Total input tax to be apportioned 236,540

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Tax Practices

135 MULAQAT ASSOCIATES (MA)

Computation of Net Sales Tax Liability
For the tax period February 2023
Taxable Sales Amount of
Value Tax Sales
SALES TAX CREDIT (INPUT TAX) Rate Tax
Taxable goods from registered suppliers [650,000-45,000] 605,000 17% 102,850
Furniture for use in marketing manager's office 45,000 inadmissible -
Taxable goods from un-registered suppliers 150,000 inadmissible -
Exempt goods from registered suppliers 100,000 - -
Import of raw material 280,000 17% 47,600
Purchase of cement [being personal in nature] [150x500] 75,000 inadmissible -
Advance against purchase of packing material-not
taxable
150,450
Add: Credit brought forward from previous month 245,000
Less: input tax on chemicals destroyed (120,000)
125,000
Input Tax for the month (Accumulated credit) 275,450
Less input inadmissible-W-1 42,305
233,145
Jet fuel to Pak Airways 800,000 0% -
Taxable goods to registered customers 500,000 17% 85,000
Taxable goods to Cottage Ind. In Bela 200,000 17% 34,000
Taxable goods to un-registered -end consumers 175,000 17% 29,750
Raw material to insurance company [treated as supply] 90,000 17% 15,300
Taxable goods to Bali Traders 290,000 17% 49,300
Taxable goods on two months credit 50,000 17% 8,500
Free samples of detergent Zeta 65,000 17% 11,050
Debit note issued to Hali Brothers 35,000 17% 5,950
Caramel ice cream [4,000 x 160] 640,000 17% 108,800
Output tax for the month 347,650
Less: Lower of 90% of output 312,885
Actual input 233,145 233,145
Balance payable 114,505
3% on sale to cottage industry 6,000
Sales tax payable with return 120,505
Sales tax refundable on zero rated supplies 42,305
W-1: Apportionment of input tax
Residual input tax 150,450
Zero rated supplies 800,000
Total supplies 2,845,000
Inadmissible input tax [(800,000/2,845,000)×150,450] 42,305

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 Answer bank: Objective test and long-form answers

136 RECORDING OF PARTIAL PAYMENT AND CHANGE IN TAX RATES

(i) Where any part payment is received in a tax period in respect of a:
 taxable supply, it shall be accounted for in the return for that tax period; and
 exempt supply, it shall be accounted for in the return for the tax period during which the
exemption is withdrawn from such supply.
(ii) Change in the rate of tax
If there is a change in the rate of tax,
 a taxable supply made by a registered person shall be charged to tax at such rate as in force
at the time of supply.
 imported goods shall be charged to tax at such rate as is in force -
 in case the goods are entered for home consumption, on the date on which a goods
declaration is presented.
 in case the goods are cleared from warehouse, on the date on which a goods declaration
for clearance of such goods is presented.
 where a goods declaration is presented in advance of the arrival of the conveyance by which
the goods are imported, the tax shall be charged as is in force on the date on which the manifest
of the conveyance is delivered.
 where the tax is not paid within seven days of the presenting of the goods declaration the tax
shall be charged at the rate as is in force on the date on which tax is actually paid.

137 DESTRUCTION OF GOODS

In order to destroy the goods, the following conditions must be fulfilled:
(i) Prior permission from the Collector of Sales Tax having jurisdiction.
(ii) Goods should be destroyed under the supervision of an inland revenue officer of Sales Tax not
below the rank of an Assistant Collector as may be deputed by the Collector for the purpose.

138 MH ASSOCIATES
Computation of sales tax payable/refundable
For the tax period August 2022
Taxable Sales Tax
Sales Tax
Value Rate
------------------- Rupees -------------------
Sales tax credits - Input Tax
Purchases taxable goods from registered suppliers
[5,400,000–1,200,000] 4,200,000 17% 714,000
No adjustment will be made for Rs. 1.8 million -
Purchases taxable goods from unregistered suppliers 1,100,000 -
Purchases exempt goods from registered suppliers 1,500,000 -
Un-claimed invoice for 15 Mar 2022 (6 month not expired) 120,000
Cash payment of electricity bill 95,000
929,000

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Tax Practices

Taxable Sales Tax

Sales Tax
Value Rate
------------------- Rupees -------------------
Fixed assets (Machinery) – used solely for taxable
supplies 900,000 153,000
Fixed assets (Machinery) – used solely for exempt
supplies 1,200,000 17% 204,000
Total input tax 8,900,000 1,286,000
Less: inadmissible / unadjusted input tax (W-1) (279,644)
Input tax for the month 1,006,356
Add: Input tax brought forward from previous month 255,000
Accumulated credit 1,261,356

Sales tax debits – Output tax

Local taxable supplies – registered suppliers
(7,850,000–270,000+720,000) 8,300,000 17% 1,411,000
Local taxable supplies – unregistered persons
(450,000+365,000) 815,000 17% 138,550
9,115,000
Exempt supplies to unregistered persons 800,000 -
Output tax for the month 9,915,000 1,549,550
Less: Sales return – taxable supplies (90,000) 17% (15,300)
Total supplies / Output tax for the month 9,825,000 1,534,250

Admissible credit (90% of output tax i.e. Rs. 1,380,825

(1,534,250×0.9) or input tax excluding fixed assets
(1,261,356–153,000=1,108,356) whichever is lower (1,108,356)
425,894
Input tax on fixed assets – for taxable supplies only 153,000 (153,000)
Machinery used for taxable supplies 272,894
Further tax on supplies to unregistered persons
(excluding end consumers supplies)
Machinery used for taxable supplies 450,000 3% 13,500
Sales tax payable 286,394
Sales tax to be carried forward
(1,261,356–1,108,356–153,000) 0

W-1: Appointment of input tax

Residual input tax 929,000
Exempt sales 800,000
Total supplies 9,825,000
Inadmissible input tax – [(800,000/9,825,000)×929,000] 75,644
Add: fixed assets (machinery) used for exempt supplies 204,000
279,644

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 Answer bank: Objective test and long-form answers

139 TAHA AND AHAN

Taxable Sales tax
amount @ 17%
-------- Rupees --------
Registered person (Taha)
Input tax
Supplies from unregistered persons 3,500,000 -
Purchase of machine 5,000,000 850,000
Less: Inadmissible input tax / unadjustable input tax (850,000)
Input tax for the month -

Output tax
Taxable supplies to unregistered persons 2,000,000 340,000
Exempt supplies to registered persons 3,800,000 -
Zero rate supplies 2,500,000 -
Output tax for the month 340,000

Further tax on supplies to unregistered persons (2,000,000×3%) 60,000

Sales tax payable 400,000
Sales tax refundable [Input tax paid on machines relating to zero
rated supplies (850,000×2,500÷6,300)] 337,302
Registered person (Shan)
Input tax
Supplies from registered persons 11,000,000 1,870,000
Exempt goods 3,000,000 -
Machine for taxable supplies 6,000,000 1,020,000
2,890,000
Output tax
Taxable supplies to registered persons 10,000,000 1,700,000
Exempt supplies to registered persons 5,500,000 -
Output tax for the month 1,700,000

90% of output tax (1,700,000×0.9=1,530,000)(excluding tax on

fixed assets)(2,890,000–1,020,000 = 1,870,000)OR actual input
tax whichever is lower. 1,530,000
170,000
Input tax on machine 1,020,000
Excess of input tax over output tax (850,000)
Sales tax to be carried forward
[340,000 (1,870,000–1,530,000)+850,000] 1,190,000

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Tax Practices

140 MEHRBAN ASSOCIATES (MA)

Computation of Sales Tax Payable/Refundable For the tax period August 2021
Taxable Sales tax @
amount 17%
-------- Rupees --------
Sales tax credits - Input Tax
Taxable goods from registered persons 4,960,000 843,200
Materials exclusively used for exempt supplies (296,000) (50,320)
Materials exclusively used for zero rated (675,000) (114,750)
Goods purchased on cash (150,000) (25,500)
500 kg of tea covered under Third Schedule to be taxed at retail price
[450,000(500×900) 360,000] 90,000 15,300
Goods sold to unregistered who have not provided their CNIC or NTN (275,000) (46,750)
3,654,000 621,180
Taxable goods from unregistered persons 1,400,000 -
Exempt goods from unregistered persons 520,000 -
Sales tax paid on electricity bill 959,450 154,250
Input tax related to purchase made in February 2022 (It may be
claimed in August return being input tax can be claimed in six
succeeding tax periods) 186,000
961,430
Fixed asset purchase – Machine A 2,000,000 340,000
– Machine B 3,000,000 510,000
Furniture and fittings (inadmissible) 1,000,000 -
Total input tax 1,811,430
Less: Unadjusted/inadmissible input tax (W-1) (726,870)
Input tax for the month 1,084,560
Add: Input tax b/f from previous month 1,137,580
Accumulated credit 2,222,140

Sales tax debits - Output Tax

Local taxable goods to registered persons 8,650,000 1,470,500
Taxable goods to unregistered persons 1,560,000 265,200
300 kg of tea covered under third schedule to be taxed at retail price
[300×(900‒790)] 33,000 5,610
Taxable supplies local 10,243,000 1,741,310
Export of taxable goods to UAE (zero rated supplies) 3,200,000 -
Export of exempt goods to UAE (Exempt 1,900,000 -
Total taxable supplies / output tax 13,443,000 1,741,310
Exempt goods to local unregistered persons 1,740,000 -
Total supplies / output tax for the month 15,183,000 1,741,310

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 Answer bank: Objective test and long-form answers

Taxable Sales tax @

amount 17%

-------- Rupees --------

Admissible credit (90% of output tax i.e. Rs. 1,567,179 (1,741,310×90%) or input tax
excluding fixed assets i.e. Rs. 1,786,195
[2,222,140‒435,945(W-1)], whichever is lower. (1,567,179)

Sales tax payable 174,131

Less: Input tax on fixed assets – Machine B (Taxable supplies portion only) (W-1) (435,945)

Sales tax to be carried forward (fixed asset portion only) 261,814

Sales tax to be carried forward (2,222,140‒1,567,179‒435,945) 219,016

Total sales tax to be carried forward 480,830

Further tax payable on supplied to unregistered persons

(1,560,000‒ 237,000(300×790))×3% 39,690

Sales tax refundable on zero rated supplies:

Input tax on material exclusively used for export items (675,000×17%) 114,750
Input tax computed in working 1 542,633

657,383

W-1: Apportionment of input tax

Supplies Fixed assets Total

A B

---------------------------- Rupees ----------------------------

Residual input tax 961,430 340,000 510,000

Zero rate supplies 3,200,000 3,200,000 -

Exempt supplies (Local) 1,740,000 1,740,000

Taxable supplies (Local) 10,243,000 10,243,000

Total supplies 15,183,000 3,200,000 11,983,000

Unadjusted/refundable (for zero rated

supplies) 202,633 340,000 - 542,633
Inadmissible (for exempt supplies) 110,182 - 74,055 184,237

Total unadjusted/inadmissible 312,815 340,000 74,055 726,870

Admissible input tax on local taxable

goods 648,615 - 435,945 1,084,560

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Tax Practices

141 KAZMI TRADERS (KT)

Computation of tax payable / refundable
For the tax period February 2023

Taxable Sales Tax

Amount @ 17%
--- Rs. in million ---
Input Tax
Taxable goods from registered persons 256 43.52
(320×80%)
Taxable goods from unregistered persons 32 -
Exempt goods from registered persons 56 -
Electrical and sanitary fitting 17 -
Electricity bills 1.36
44.88
Less: Refundable input tax (for zero rated) (W-1) (15.82)
29.06
Output Tax:
Taxable goods to registered persons 180 30.60
(200×90%)
Exports 98 -
30.60
Admissible credit (90% of output tax i.e. 27.54(30.6×90%) or input tax i.e.
Rs. 29.06, whichever is lower 27.54
Sales tax payable 3.06
Less: input tax on fixed assets (taxable supplies) (W-1) (9.25)
Sale tax to be carried forward (fixed asset portion only) 6.19
Sale tax to be carried forward (29.06–27.54) 1.52
Total sale tax to be carried forward 7.71
Sales tax refundable on zero rated supplies [15.82(W-1)+5.03(W-1)] 20.85

W-1: Apportionment of input tax

Value of supply Input tax on plant and Residual input tax

machinery
180 9.25 29.06
98 5.03 15.82
278 14.28 44.88
(84×17%)

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 Answer bank: Objective test and long-form answers

CHAPTER 19 - RETURN RECORD KEEPING

142 SALES TAX RECORDS
(a) Under the Sales Tax Act, 1990 the following types of records are required to be kept in prescribed
form and manner as would permit ready ascertainment of his tax liability during a tax period:
(i) records of supplies made shall indicate the description, quantity and value of goods, name
and address of the person to whom supplies were made and the amount of the tax charged;
(ii) records of goods purchased shall show the description, quantity and value of goods, name,
address and registration number of the supplier and the amount of the tax on purchases;
(iii) records of goods imported shall show the description, quantity and value of goods and the
amount of tax paid on imports;
(iv) records of zero-rated and exempt supplies.
(v) double entry sales tax accounts;
(vi) invoices, credit bills, debit notes, bank statements, banking instrument, inventory records,
utility bills, salary and labor bills, rental agreements, sale purchase agreements and lease
agreements.
(vii) record relating to gate pass, inward or outwards and transport receipts.
(viii) Electronic version of records mentioned in clause (i) to (vii) above.
(ix) such other records as may be specified by the Board.
(b) A registered person is required to retain the records and documents for a period of six years after
the end of the tax period to which such record or documents relate or till the final decision in any
proceedings including proceedings for assessment, appeal, revision, reference, petition and any
proceedings before an alternative Dispute Resolution Committee.
143 NATURE OF RETURN
Nature of return Filer Due date
(i) Monthly return Registered person 15th of next month following any tax period
(Electronic filing – 18th of next month, where sales
tax payable with the return paid till 15th day as
specified above.)
(ii) Special return Registered or On the date specified by the Commissioner in its
Unregistered persons notice calling for such return.
(iii) Final return Person applied for On the date specified by the Commissioner.
deregistration
(iv) Annual return Every private or public 30th of September following the year end.
limited company

144 RAHEEL
(i) Yes, the Commissioner is justified in issuing the notice to Raheel. According to STR 2006 if the
Commissioner Inland Revenue or any other officer, as may be authorized by the Board, after such
inquiry as deemed appropriate, is satisfied that a person is required to be registered, but does not
apply for registration. He may issue a notice to such person.
(ii) Under the STR 2006, Raheel may submit his response within the specified time, contesting his
liability to be registered. Based on his response, the Commissioner shall grant him opportunity of
personal hearing, if so desired by him, and shall there after pass an order whether or not such
person is liable to be registered compulsorily. He shall cause the said person to be registered
through computerized system.
However, if Raheel fails to respond within the time specified in the notice, the Commissioner shall
cause to compulsorily register him through computerized system

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