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Generator Protection for 100 MW to 250 MW

Specification

Main protective Relays

The bidders should offer own make of integrated numerical relays for all
protection function including Generator, Generator Transformer, and Unit
Auxiliary Transformer, Station Transformer protections. The bidder should offer
Integrated numerical relays, which meets the specification as per the details
given below.

The offered relays should have followings:

1) relays shall be based on numerical signal processing with multi protection in

built.
2) relays shall have self-monitoring facility as in built feature.
3) Relay shall have serial interface facility at rear and front of the relay.
4) Relays should be able to send the protection data through serial
communication.
5) Relays should be able fit in to the 19 “ rack panels.
6) Relay should also have retrofitable communication port l for future automation
requirement and later on changes in the communication requirement.
7) Relays should also have facility to update the firmware in future.
8) Relay should have 4x 20-character LCD display at front to show the setting
and metered data.

The protections to be covered are as below:

Generator differential Protection 87 G

This shall have followings features:

 3 phase detection
 High Speed function (of the order of 20-30 milliseconds or lower)
 Should be of low impedance numerical biased differential relay with
proven high stability for severe most through fault
 High stability against external faults, CT saturation, harmonics and DC
transients.
 Faulty phase indication

Generator Stator earth-fault Relay (64G/64G2)

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Generator Protection for 100 MW to 250 MW

The numerical relay shall provide 100 % protective coverage of stator winding
against ground fault. The protection shall be affected in two stages:

 For fault within about 95 % of the stator winding, a sensitive voltage relay
shall be provided. The detection of stator fault should be based upon neutral
displacement voltage detection and should cover up to stator winding upto
about 85-95 % from the generator terminals.

 In order to cover remaining 5-15 % of the winding and provided also back-up
coverage for 95 % protection, an independent 100 % stator earth fault
protection shall be provided. This numerical relay shall be based upon
injection principle of 20 Hz voltage signal. The relay should fulfill following
requirements.

1. The operation of such protection should be independent of the generator

characteristics and the mode of operation.

2. It should allow for the detection of stator earth-fault even when the machine is
standstill.

Generator Rotor Earth Fault Protection ( 64 F1/64 F2)

A two stage , numerical high speed relay working on current injection principle
shall be provided to perform the following functions :

 To actuate the alarm/annunciation in case of single ground fault in the filed

circuit and the unit has to be attended to at the earliest.

 To initiate a trip impulse in case double ground fault occurs in the filed circuit.

 It should allow for the detection of rotor earth fault even when the machine is
standstill.

Generator Loss of Excitation/ Field relay (40)

This protection shall protect the generator in the event of fault in the excitation
circuit. It shall prevent damages within the generator system.

In order to obtain a rapid and effective under excitation protection, the excitation
voltage or current shall be introduced in the system. If both stability curve and the
excitation voltage criteria are satisfied, alarm and trip shall be triggered after an

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Generator Protection for 100 MW to 250 MW

adjustable time delay of 1-2 second. The loss of synchronism with the excitation
being in normal operation shall be detected by an integrator, which integrates the
short duration output pulse from the relay to count the short and brief power
swings, which should initiate tripping.

Generator negative Phase sequence relay (46 G)

The generator is to be protected against excessive rotor heating due to

unbalance phase current with a two step protection.

The numerical relay should detect asymmetrical load in three phase generators.
The relay should be working on inverse characteristic principle.

Generator Over Voltage Protection ( 59 G)

Instantaneous over voltage relay with timer shall be provided to guard against
sudden voltage rise due to load throw-off or AVR malfunctioning

Two stages numerical Relay of the over voltage should be independent of the
neutral point displacement cause by earth fault.

Generator Back-up impedance relay (21 G)

Numerical definite time impedance protection shall be provided for back-up

protection against internal and system faults. The relay should have two-stage
protection. The first stage should be able to switched over via binary input.

Reverse/Low forward Power protection (32 G/ 37 G)

Reverse/low forward power relay will be used to initiate tripping in case of

motoring of the machine

The numerical relay should detect positive sequence current and voltage and
calculate reverse power for operation. The relay should not be effected by
asymmetrical power system faults.

Pole slipping protection ( 78 G)

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Generator Protection for 100 MW to 250 MW

The relay shall protect the generator from running in the unstable region of the
power angle curve.

The numerical relay shall be so designed as to discriminate properly between

pole slipping and power swing. The relay shall not operate under power swing
conditions.

Generator stator overload protection ( 49 G)

The numerical relay should protect the stator from high, continuos overload
currents. The RMS current of thermal effect should be calculated for overload
measurement.

Generator inter turn fault (87 TG)

Relay should of numerical type and detect all inter turn fault immediately. Relay
should evaluate neutral voltages of the phase to neutral voltages.

Over fluxing protection (99 G)

The relay should protect the Generator transformer core against excessive
heating in case of voltage rises or frequency changes.

The numerical relay should be based on the principle of measurement of

changes in the voltage to frequency ration.

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