Young Achiever’s School of Caloocan, Inc.

Senior High School S.Y. 2019-2020

Research Output

Date: (Month,Day,Year) Doc Ref # : Group No. 1

Name of Proponent(s) Aguirre, Jorame M.

Cadangan, Alexis B.

Castillo, Macy Marthemia S.

Escote, Darwin D.

Layague, Mark Angelo V.

Lucero, Vanessa L.

Tabili, Chelsea Gabrielle F.

Gr.12 STEM-1

Proposed Title The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on

Attentiveness in Class of Grade 11

students in Young Achievers’

School of Caloocan, Inc.

Sleep deprivation is a condition when a person suffers from lack of sleep and may

possibly affect the attentiveness of a student during his or her class. There are many

factors that may trigger a student to be sleep deprived.

Statement of the Problem

1. What are the effects of sleep deprivation on students’ attentiveness in class?

2. How does sleep deprivation affect the attentiveness of a student in class?

3. What are the possible factors why students lack sleep that lead to changes in their

attentiveness in class?

Purpose/Objective of the Study

1. To identify the effects of sleep deprivation.

2. To determine how sleep deprivation affects the attentiveness of a student in class.

3. To find out the possible factors why students lack sleep that lead to changes in

their attentiveness in class.

Significance of the Study

Future Researchers
 For them to use our study as a reference.

Students

So, they would know what are the effects of being sleep deprived and so they

know how to solve this problem if it ever occurs to them.

Teachers

So, they can determine or for them to be aware if their students are suffering from

sleep deprivation.

Scope and Limitation

This study focuses on the effects of sleep deprivation to the students’ attentiveness in

class. The study starts on June up to October 2019, and will be conducted on Grade 11

students of Y.A.S.C., Inc... Because sleep deprivation is now common among the students, it

will help us and the students about this problem.

Hypothesis

Sleep deprivation can affect most of the students’ attentiveness in class by the

factors that they do before they sleep.

Conceptual Framework
 Sleep Deprivation

Attentiveness in Class

Outcome

Extraneous Variables
Teachers’ teaching techniques
Amount of homeworks
Financial Problems
Habits

Definition of Terms

1. Sleep- a state where a person stays at rest that should be at night

2. Attentiveness- to focus or understand the lessons in class for 8 hours

3. Insomnia- an illness where a person is having a hard time sleeping and is

usually awake at night, when you try to sleep but it won’t just happen.

4. Adolescents- a period of a person’s life where they are required to study for

the future; a person aging 13-17

5. Dizziness- a condition where you’ll feel light headed that can be caused by

lack of sleep
 6. Sleep Quality- how well a person has slept for a night

7. Prospects- a problem or event that a person may face in the near future

8. Habits- things that a person do subconsciously; their lifestyle

9. Deprivation- losing or lacking something that is needed such as sleep

10. Hypothesis- it is the explanation of your guess or what you expect to happen in

your study

11. Prevalence- it is something that people do that is being common or widespread

12. Mediate- something that helps another thing

13. Apnea- condition that a person experience difficulty in breathing

14. Narcolepsy- a disorder that affects the sleep of a person

15. Synchronizes- to adjust the sleeping time or body clock

Chapter 2 - Review of Related Literature

Foreign Literature

Is a lack of sleep harming adolescents’ academic prospects in the digital age

According to Kostyrka-Allchorne, K. that adolescence is the period when academic

expectations define them and some national countries takes national exams that will affect

their future career paths and their quality adult life, so health will be a big impact to the
outcome of their academic performance.

They have linked school performances to a construct called ‘executive function’, It is a

set of high order cognitive skills required for goal-directed behavior. Also, there are certain

evidences that lifestyle factors may contribute to dietary habits, physical activity, sleep and

internet use.

It is also reported that the number of weekdays and weekends the media uses in sleep

quality and sleep duration that took part in the assessment of cognitive ability. Sleep Duration

and data were obtained using accelerometry and academic performance has assessed with the

grades obtained from the participants’ schools.

The Impact of Sleep on Academic Performance

This article about how sleep affect the academic performances of the students. It

focuses on University or College students. It discusses how students manipulate their sleep

thinking for getting better grades without realizing its consequences.

(Segaren, 2018) states that most college students tend to skip sleeping even if they are

fully aware that it is bad for their health in exchange for grades. There is an example of

research from this article that studied how sleeping patterns and sleep duration affect the

academic performance of the students that concludes, that students who have regular sleep

pattern have better average than those who has irregular sleeping patterns.

We can relate this to our study because students nowadays, mainly our respondents may

have a similar problem. And because our respondents are Gr.11 students which should be

college students by now too, it can support us better. It may help us to define some of the
factors that may affect the sleep of the students and how it affects them.

The Prevalence of Sleep Disorder in College Student; Impact on Academic

Performances.

According to Gaultney, jane F. the prevalence of sleep disorder may have impact to

academic performance. It can affect also to our health and mood for everyday life. Sleep

disorder can affect both biological and social factors to deprivation.

The common sleep problem among college students is sleep deprivation and it may

result the excessive daytime sleepiness. Many college students are older adolescent and are

still dealing with physiology such as biologically driven delayed sleep 59% of adults 18 to 29

years of age described themselves as night owls.

Many college students suffering in sleep deprived is unable to fall as sleep earlier in the

evening, they cannot get enough sleep if they must get up early. The sleep disorder is

categorized in 2 types: dyssomnias (which may produce EDS) and parasomnias (which

annually are not associated with EDS). Sleep may be voluntarily sacrificed due to social

factors or involuntary curtailed, because of living in a noisy hall or apartment.

The Case for including Sleep Content in Nursing Curricula

According to Gambardella, Lucille C.; Deputy, Lyron the importance of sleep for

overall health is at the forefront of the media and the literature. Emphasis on the effects of

sleep deprivation are highlighted in vehicular accidents such as the Amtrak train crash in

Hoboken,
 Including sleep in all assessment processes by health care providers is becoming a

topic of critical discussion as a need in the educational domain of provider preparation.

Healthy Sleep Habits

It related to our study because it promotes healthy sleep and contribute to

sleeplessness. This study specifically determines the behaviors of people during the day and

before bed time. According sleep education resources provided by AASM the term “sleep

hymen” refers to a series of healthy sleeping habit.

This information can improve your ability to fall asleep and stay asleep. In this study

want to improve your sleep in some cases mean the difference between a sound sleep and a

restless night.

The article gives the information of our research of sleep deprivation because it also

can help from sleep lean at an AASM and tips to establish healthy sleeping habits.

Foreign Studies

Sleeping hours and academic achievement a study

Based on the article there was found the result sleeping hours affect to the students

academic achievements. According to Nihaya this study was carried not determined the

sleeping hours and their effects on the academic achievement among year2and year3

biomedical.

This report showed that sleeping hours did not affect student academic achievement

CGPA however CGPA differ among gender with male and female. Study is about the result
was show. Male CGPA was found to be higher than female.in conclusion this report showed

that sleeping hours did not affect student’s academic achievements CGPA.

Its similarities are the title and its concepts are study is effect of sleep deprivation in

attentiveness in class this study it may help and give knowledge to other students and can help

to identify the bad side effect of staying awake at night.

The Effects of Sleep Quality on Academic Performance in Mediated by

Internet Use in Time

From Renau (2018), It is related to our study because, It analyzes the connection of

sleeping patterns to academic and cognitive performance. This study focuses on how the

internet affects the sleeping pattern of an adolescent, It is mostly common to this generation

who use internet in their daily lives.

It is said that they conducted a study with 140 adolescent boys and 129 adolescent girls

(total of 269), aged of 14 years from their baseline. They used a wrist worn device that

measures their sleep duration and academic performance basing on their own school records.

The study concludes that the sleep quality and duration is mediated by their time of

internet use, and they stated that reducing time of internet use may have great improvements in

sleep quality and duration that will also reflect on their academic performances and also their

attentiveness.

Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance

According to Curcio, 2006 sleep loss, learning capacity and memory processes are
connected to each other. Most of the studies that has a topic about sleep schedules are linked

with cognitive and memory processes.

The study’s findings suggest that students of different education levels are sleep

deprived or suffer from poor sleep quality and has more daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and

quantity are related to students’ learning capacity and academic performance.

The study also find that sleep loss is frequently associated with poor performance and

procedural learning in students. It concludes that sleep loss is linked to the how students learn

and how they process with their memory.

Evaluation of Sleep Patterns and Self-Reported Academic Performance

among Medical Students at the University of Ghana School of Medicine and

Dentistry

According to Lawson, Wellens-Mensah, Nantogma (2019) sleep habits and problems

play a vital role in determining sleep quality. We describe sleep habits and problems among

medical students and assess their possible effect on self-reported academic performance. They

conducted a cross-sectional study among medical students at the University of Ghana during

the 2014/2015 academic year.

Data was collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a self-report

questionnaire that assesses sleep quality over a 1-month time interval.  Some students had

sleep latency of 10-30 minutes while some woke up nightly. Some students experienced

nightmares, snored at night, and only one student reported coffee intake of 2-3 times daily.

Sleep quality was poor and was significantly associated with sleep latency, morning
tiredness, daytime sleepiness during lectures, academic performance, living conditions, leisure

time, frequency of nocturnal awakenings, waking up due to noise, sleep walking, and

nocturnal awakening to use washroom. There was also a significant positive relation between

sleep quality and academic performance. Poor sleep quality and daytime dysfunction are

widespread among medical students in Ghana. There was a significant positive relation

between sleep quality and self-reported academic performance.

How Sleep Deprivation Affects Psychological Variables Related to College

Students' Cognitive Performance

The effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance and on psychological

variables related to cognitive performance were studied in 44 college students based on Pilcher

and Walters (2010). Participants completed the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal

after either 24 hours of sleep deprivation or approximately 8 hours of sleep.

After completing the cognitive task, the participants completed 2 questionnaires, one

assessing self-reported effort, concentration, and estimated performance, the other assessing

off-task cognitions. As expected, sleep-deprived participants performed significantly worse

than the nondeprived participants on the cognitive task. However, the sleep-deprived

participants rated their concentration and effort higher than the nondeprived participants did.

In addition, the sleep-deprived participants rated their estimated performance

significantly higher than the nondeprived participants did. The in indicate that college students

are not aware of the extent to which sleep deprivation negatively affects their ability to

complete cognitive tasks.

The Sleep Deprived Nation

The piece is connected to our study because, this explains the phenomenon that is

happening in our country. Lack of sleep that affects the students’ performance inside the

classroom. These effects may lose the attention of the students and also may get an unsatisfied

grade at school.

Velasco V. states that “Sleep Deprivation occurs because of the unbearable traffic

business process out industry and the rise of internet usage". Filipino nowadays choose to

sleep less and less. These days even the children staying up all night using their mobile

phones.

In this literature the author classified the different factors that affect the students’

attentiveness. We only focus why the internet affects people’s sleeping habits and how it may

affect their physical and mental health.

Study Links Students’ Grades To Sleep Schedules

According to Knight, V. (2017) “A sleep deprived student might have a hard time in

coping up in their class. Those students that are having a hard time in sleeping they might get

unsatisfied grades.” There are many reasons why the students may have a hard time sleeping

that will lead to different things like having bad grades.

CNN states that the students that stay up late reviewing before the examination in

college is not a suggested idea. Because instead of focusing on studying they might just think
on how they will rest after their exam. And they might focus on studying for their exams but

have effects on how they answer the exams the next day.

This might help us in our research because students nowadays are mostly experiencing

bad sleeping habits. Those students that sleeps late might get many various side effects like

being sick and later on losing their attention or interest inside the class.

Students need more sleep

According to Leonidas, L. (2014) Students who sleeps for 8 hours and taking a nap in

the afternoon will improve their memory and their physical health. For those students that are

having a hard time in sleeping will lose their attention and interest in class. So, they think that

the sleeping hours affect the grades and attentiveness of the students.

Medical news states that that school stress makes 68 percent of students awake after

taking a nap and 30 percent of students sleep completely that help in their class performance.

Commonly when students are asked school stress may be one of the reasons why they students

are sleeping late.

This might aid in our study because of the reason indicated that may be one of the

reasons why students might lack sleep or sleep late like school stress that makes the students

lose their attentiveness in class. We can also find how it affects the lives of the students

nowadays and to find a solution for this problem to be solved.

Things you need to know about sleep paralysis

According to Ann Sablad, sleep is a parasomnia. Parasomnia is a disorder

characterized by abnormal or unusual behavior of the nervous system during sleep. Sleep
paralysis is an episode of paralysis that make a person unable to speak and move.

Sleep paralysis according to sleep education.org a sleep health information from the

American Academy of sleep medicine. They are the one that having a study of different

sleeping disorders. According to them Sleep paralysis is still a dream but the person that

suffers from it feels like those are real.

This may help in our study because this is one of the factors why a person suffers from

lack of sleep. The person that suffers from Sleep paralysis is afraid to go back to sleep again

because they think that Sleep paralysis might happen again once they sleep.

How to sleep better and avoid insomnia

According to dr. Nicky Montoya Insomnia can be resolve by having simple lifestyle

changes. Be active during daytime, Regular exercise during some physical activities so you

can get tired. Limit the consumption of caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine because coffee and

alcoholic drinks can increase your urination during nighttime and smoking can disrupt your

sleep because of the substances with stimulants.

If you feel tired but you can't sleep and always lying on your bed but you still can't sleep that's

some of the symptoms of Insomnia. Insomnia is the inability to get sufficient amount of sleep.

This may help us in our study because Insomnia is a difficult thing to deal with. And

the students these days are having a poor lifestyle drinking alcoholic drinks, too much coffee,

and smoking. The students need to be aware to be able to stop these bad habits and get enough

time in sleeping.
Local Study

Philips raises awareness of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Philippines

This mirrors a lifestyle challenge that urbanites worldwide are grappling with. In the

2017 Philips’ Unfiltered Sleep: A Global Prioritization Puzzle, an international survey which

looked at how people across the globe perceive, prioritize and prepare for sleep, more than 8 in

10 adults (84%) say that a variety of activities take precedence over a good night’s sleep.

Beyond lifestyle habits, one of the most common causes of poor sleep quality is

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), a condition that disrupts the sleep cycle and affects one’s

energy, intellectual performance and long-term health.

Stages of sleep

According to Enriquez, Berdando, Taberdo, San Diego and Ople(2011)there are four

stages of sleep. The first stage is called a "light sleep" and is about 2 minutes. And you may

also experience fantastic images like hallucinations. The second stage is characterized by burst

of rapid and rhythmic brain activity. The third is transitional stage or "deep sleep".

And the last stage is when your brain emits large, slow delta waves. This will last for

30 minutes of which you are to be awaked. It is at the end of this stag when children begin to

sleep walk.

This study is related to our research because it tackles about what is sleep, what

happens when we sleep which may also help us know more about sleeping, what causes lack

of sleep and what happens when we are lacking in sleep or sleep deprivation.
Differences in Anxiety and Sleep

According to Michelle C. Aldana Catherine Theresa I. Mampo sleep deprived can

affect your physical and psychological. One of the psychological effects of sleep deprivation is

anxiety. Anxiety disorders have been associated with sleep impairments.

Particularly reduced sleep quality and longer sleep onset were shown to increase the

likelihood of developing an anxiety disorder in already anxious individuals. Stress is the

physical, emotional, and behavioral response that occur when events are perceived as

challenging or threatening it is the one common effect on our self, physical and psychological.

Consciousness

According Enriquez, Berdando, Taberdo, San Diego and Ople(2011) discuss about the

Rhythm of Sleep they said that our body synchronizes with the 24 hours cycle of day and

night. Our body temperature rises in morning and drops before you got to sleep. And if we

stay up late and sleep on weekend our biological clock begins to reset itself.

The author also answers the question "Why do we sleep" they said that sleep suits our

ecological niches. When precluded our ancestors' hunting, food gathering and travel

treacherous. They also said that sleep plays a growth process. During deep sleep pituitary

glands release a growth hormone. As adults grow older, they release lesser hormone and spend

less time in sleep.

This is related to our study because it tells us more about sleeping, what sleeping is,

and what does sleeping do to our bodies. And it also explains some of the sleeping disorders
that may occur to a person and how to deal with it.

Chapter 3 – Research Design and Methodology

Research Design

Quantitative research design is the research design that we used in our research. The

researchers will use this method by the use of surveys. Quantitative research design uses

numerical or statistical methods. The qualification we used is the Non-experimental research,

we are looking for the effects of the sleep deprivation to the gr. 11 students which we can’t

manipulate the independent variable.

Sampling Procedure

The sampling method we used in our research is convenience under non-probability

sampling technique. It is efficient because we can’t control the different schedules and the

limited free time of the students from different strands. We randomly chose 60 students in total

from different strands in Young Achievers’ School of Caloocan, Inc.

Participants of the Study

The participants in our research are the Grade 11 senior high school students from

Young Achievers’ School of Caloocan, Inc. We surveyed gr. 11 students from different

strands that are willing to answer the survey, we chose students to be our participants because

most of the students nowadays are sleep deprived by various reasons.

We have gathered our data by the use of the questionnaires approved by our teacher. We

used the questionnaires to the gr.11 students who are willing to be surveyed, we went to their

rooms during their lunch time so that we won’t be interrupting any of their classes and we also

gave them appropriately enough time to answer the questionnaire so that we won’t also

interrupt their lunch time.

Research Instrument

Survey is the examines and record the area as to construct a map and plan. Description

investigates the opinion or experience of the people by asking them open-ended questions.

Questioner is a set of printed or written question with a choice of answer, devised for the

purpose of a survey or statistical study. Our questionnaire contains in the demographic profile

in the first part and the second one is the multiple choice by the use of checkboxes then the last

is the table.

Statistical Treatment

The descriptive statistics how the summary of all the data gathered by the researchers

are described so this will help us to understand the data better. The frequency distribution table

helped us to organize the data and also to determine the values of the data that are more

frequent than the others. We used the formulas (Range=Lowest score-highest score), (Class

Intervals= Sturges’ formula), (Class Size=Range/C.I), (Class Mark or Midpoint= Higher

Limit+ Lower limit /2), (FM= frequency x midpoint) and (Cf= 1 st frequency + the next
frequency below).

Chapter 4 – Results and Discussions

A. Demographic Profile

Fe-
male
47%
Male
53%

The 60 respondents in our study are 53.33% male and 46.67% female.

11.67% 18.33%
15.00%
ABM
STEM
HE
ICT
HUMSS
25.67% GAS
16.67%

11.67%

Out of 60 respondents, they are 18.33% ABM students, 11.67% GAS students, 16.67%

from ICT, 11.67% HE students and 26.67% from STEM strand.

1. Out of 60 respondents who were asked on what time they sleep, 4 have answered

that their time of sleeping is 7-8 pm, 27 answered 9-10 pm, 20 answered 11-12 am

and the remaining 11 students answered that they sleep at 12 am onwards.

2. Out of 60 respondents who were questioned of where do they sleep, 9 students

answered that they sleep on the floor with a mat, 41 students sleep on a bed

mattress, 6 students answered they sleep on a futon and the last 2 students

answered others.

3. Out of 60 respondents that were asked on how many hours of sleep do they get, 33

students answered that they get 5-6 hours of sleep a day, 22 answered 7-8 hours, 4

students answered 9-10 while only 2 students says that get more than 10 hours of

sleep a day.

4. Out of 60 respondents who were asked on what do they do before they sleep, 41

students surf the net before going to sleep, 5 students work before sleeping, 11 are

studying before going to bed and 13 students are doing other things.

5. Out of 60 respondents that were asked of what do they feel when they have 6 or

below hours of sleep in a day, 22 students said that they feel dizzy when they have

6 or below hours of sleep in a day, 24 experiences headache, 4 feel nauseous, 8

have blurriness of vison and 10 students says that they experience other conditions.

C. Tables with the same choices

Statements Mean Median Mode

my mental ability.

2. I feel dizzy because of lack of sleep that can 4 4 4

affect my attentiveness in class.

3. Daytime sleeping because of sleep 4 3 4

deprivation affects my attention to listen in

class.

4. I easily get distracted during class when I 4 2 4 and 5

don’t get enough sleep.

5. Sleeping late affects my focus in class. 4 3 5

6. Lack of sleep makes me feel anxious in 4 2 4

class.

7. I get a headache during class when I lack 4 3 4

sleep and lose my attention to the lesson.

8. Lack of sleep makes me feel nauseous that 3 2 4

leads to attending to other needs apart from

listening to class discussion.

9. I lose my appetite and get hungry later on in 4 2 5

class when I lack sleep that leads my focus

to food rather than focusing in class.

10. I feel like I don’t have the energy to study 4 3 5

Out of 60 respondents, most of the answers are from 4-5 that means most of the

respondents either agreed or strongly agreed to the given statements.

Table Formula:

 Sturge Formula: 1+(3.322)(logN)

1+(3.322)(log60)

1+(3.322)(1.7782)

1+(5.9070)

= 6.9070

Class Interval= 7

 Range: 50-17= 33

 Class Size: 33/7= 4.7143

=5

Class Limits Class Boundaries Frequency Class Mark

17-21 16.5 21.5 3 19

22-26 21.5 26.5 6 24

27-31 26.5 31.5 5 29

32-36 31.5 36.5 8 34

37-41 36.5 41.5 21 39

42-46 41.5 46.5 12 44

(Range/ 33=50-17), (Class Limits/ 7= 1+ (3.322) (log60)), (Class Size/ 5=33/7)

We computed the range by subtracting the lowest score to the highest score. Then we

found the class limit by the use of Sturges’ formula and the class size by dividing the class

limit to the range.

Histogram
21
21

18

15
12
12
Frequency

9 8
6
6 5 5
3
3

0
19 24 29 34 39 44 49
Class Mark

As illustrated above, our histogram shows that 3 respondents only fall to the midpoint

19 but 21 of the respondents fall to the midpoint 39 and 17 respondents fall to the midpoint of

44 and 49 which means that majority of the students agreed with the statements given in the

questionnaire.

Grouped Mean, Median and Mode

Class Interval Frequency Midpoint F.M. Cf

17-21 3 19 57 3

22-26 6 24 144 9

27-31 5 29 145 14

32-36 8 34 272 22

37-41 21 39 819 43

42-46 12 44 484 55

47-51 5 49 245 60

Σf= 60 Σfm= 2166

We got our mean by dividing the sum of fm by the sum of frequency. Our median is

found when you divide the last Cf and find it within the Cf itself then you can find its location

by looking for its class interval. The mode is the highest frequency in the table and its location

is its class interval.

Chapter 5 – Summary

The synopsis of the data we have gathered is that most of the students that we have

surveyed are having trouble with their sleep because of different reasons, based on their

answers their troubles with sleep affects their attentiveness during class in various ways. The
data shows that most of our respondents which are the students claims that sleep deprivation

greatly affects their attentiveness in class.

Conclusions

We therefore conclude that most of our respondents’ attentiveness in class is affected by

sleep deprivation.

Recommendations

Our recommendations to students whose attentiveness are affected by sleep

deprivation are also based to the data we gathered like reduce the usage of gadgets

specially at night, avoid doing something stressful before sleeping, practice proper

sleeping patterns, avoid watching TV and turn off any bright light two hours before

heading to bed, get a comfortable mattress and pillow, exercise regularly but not before

bed and avoid heavy meals two hours before bedtime. And also to the parents of the

students allot a time limit to the usage of gadgets of your children strictly so that they

won’t be up all night and also so that they won’t be dependent to their gadgets, as much

as possible don’t give them tasks or things that will affect their sleep and avoid letting

them eat foods that will make them awake specially when it’s near bed time.

References

ENCODED HERE IS THE LIST OF ALL THE REFERENCES YOU’VE USED IN

YOUR RESEARCH (INCLUDING THE MATERIALS FROM THE LIBRARY AND

FROM THE INTERNET.) USING APA REFERENCING STYLE.

Ms. Serah Mae V. Antonio Mr. Alfredo Moran

Research Instructor/s SHS Coordinator

Date: Date: