This document provides an overview of factorizing and solving quadratic equations. It explains how to factorize expressions in the forms x^2 + ax + b, ax^2 + bx + c, and the difference of two squares. It also discusses three methods for solving quadratics: via factorizing, the quadratic formula, and completing the square.
This document provides an overview of factorizing and solving quadratic equations. It explains how to factorize expressions in the forms x^2 + ax + b, ax^2 + bx + c, and the difference of two squares. It also discusses three methods for solving quadratics: via factorizing, the quadratic formula, and completing the square.
This document provides an overview of factorizing and solving quadratic equations. It explains how to factorize expressions in the forms x^2 + ax + b, ax^2 + bx + c, and the difference of two squares. It also discusses three methods for solving quadratics: via factorizing, the quadratic formula, and completing the square.
This document provides an overview of factorizing and solving quadratic equations. It explains how to factorize expressions in the forms x^2 + ax + b, ax^2 + bx + c, and the difference of two squares. It also discusses three methods for solving quadratics: via factorizing, the quadratic formula, and completing the square.
quadratic expressions back into brackets (if possible). To do this, the expression can be in the form: x2 + ax + b Where a and b are integers Simple Factorisation
We can tell how to start off the brackets by
looking at the signs of the expression: x2 + ax + b = (x + ?)(x + ?) because everything is positive x2 - ax + b = (x - ?)(x - ?) because negative x negative = positive Simple Factorisation
When the second sign is a plus, both
brackets are the same as the first sign x2 + ax + b = (x + ?)(x + ?) x2 - ax + b = (x - ?)(x - ?) When the second sign is a minus, both brackets are different signs x2 + ax - b = (x + ?)(x - ?) x2 - ax - b = (x + ?)(x - ?) Simple Factorisation
When a quadratic expression is in the form x2 + ax +
b, we must make sure that the numbers in the brackets satisfy these rules: the b must be the product of the two numbers the a must be the sum of the numbers when the two brackets are the same sign the a must be the difference between the numbers when the two brackets are different signs Simple Factorisation
Take this example:
x2 + 5x + 6 Both signs are positive, so we can begin with (x + ?) (x + ?) The numbers need to multiply to make 6 and add together to make 5 They must be 2 and 3 Since both signs are positive, the order does not matter: (x + 2)(x + 3) Simple Factorisation
Take this example:
y2 – y – 90 Both signs are negative, so we can begin with (x + ?)(x - ?) The numbers need to multiply to make 90 and add together to make 1 They must be 9 and 10 Because we need to do 9 - 10 to get -1: (y + 9)(y - 10) Test Yourself
As a rule, (a + b)(a – b) multiplies out to get a2 - b2
This type of quadratic expression where there are only two parts to it, both of which are perfect squares, separated by a minus sign, is called the difference of two squares. Examples include: a2 - 9 a2 - 25 a2 – 100 To factorise them, we simply root them and put them in the format shown above. e.g. a2 - 9 factorises to (a + 3)(a - 3) Solving Quadratics
We can solve quadratic equations in the form x2
+ ax + b by first factorising it, and finding the two answers using the double brackets. e.g. Solve x2 + 6x + 5 = 0 This factorises into (x + 5)(x + 1) If x + 5 = 0, then x = -5 If x + 1 = 0, then x = -1 Factorising ax2 + bx + c
We use the same method of factorisation to
factorise quadratic expressions in the form ax2 + bx + c but we have to take into account the a which will be in a bracket
The following slide explains how it’s done
Factorising ax2 + bx + c
Factorise 3x2 + 8x + 4. The same bracket rules apply,
so both brackets are positive. As 3 only has the factors 3 and 1: (3x + ?)(x + ?) Next we notice the factors of 4 are 1x4 and 2x2. The only pair here which combine with 3x1 to make 8 is 2x2: (3 x 2) + (1 x 2) = 8 So the factorised expression is: (3x + 2)(x + 2) Solving ax2 + bx + c
There are THREE ways we can solve quadratic
equations in the form ax2 + bx + c as shown on the next few slides. Via Factorisation
Solve 12x2 - 28x = -15.
1. Rearrange the equation to equal zero 12x2 - 28x + 15 = 0 2. Factorise the expression (2x - 3)(6x - 5) 3. Find the two answers as before x = 1.5 and x = 25/6 Via Quadratic Formula
Many quadratic equations cannot be factorised
because they are too complicated or do not have convenient integer factors between them. This is when the quadratic formula is used:
-b ± √b2 - 4ac x= 2a Via Quadratic Formula
Solve 5x2 - 11x – 4 = 0.
1. Remember the quadratic formula: -b ± √b2 - 4ac x= 2a 2. Substitute the values from the equation as a, b and c 3. Solve the equation using the values, shown on the following slide Via Quadratic Formula
Solve 5x2 - 11x – 4 = 0.
We know that a = 5, b = -11 and c = -4 -b ± √b2 - 4ac 11 ± √121 – 4(5)(-4) x= x= 2a 10 x = 2.52 11 ± √ 201 = 10 x = 0.32 Via Completing the Square
Remember that (x + a)2 = x2 + 2ax + a2
This means that x2 + 2ax = (x + a)2 - a2 This is the principle behind completing the square, a rule used to solve quadratic equations
There are two steps to completing the square,
as shown on the following slide Via Completing the Square
Step 1: Rewrite x2 + 4x – 7 in the form (x + a)2 – b Note that x2 + 4x = (x + 2)2 – 4 Therefore x2 + 4x – 7 = (x + 2)2 – 4 – 7 = (x + 2)2 – 11 Via Completing the Square
Step 2: Hence solve the equation x2 + 4x – 7 = 0 We have: x2 + 4x –7 = (x + 2)2 – 11 When x2 + 4x – 7 = 0, we know: (x + 2)2 – 11 = 0 (x + 2)2 = 11 Now square root both sides: x + 2 = ±√11 x = -2 ±√11 So, x = 1.32 and x = 5.32 (to 2 d.p.)
