Synchronicity in the Human–Space–Time Theory of Nursing
undergirds the innovative process of nursing engagement expressed as
interpersonal relating, technological knowing, rhythmical connecting, and
transformational engaging. The philosophical and theoretical perspectives
declare the evolutionary design in affirming the meaningful human caring
experiences within nursing practice. Moreover, theory-based practice
sustains the human science view of wholeness of persons while focusing on
the inclusion of the coexistence between technology and caring in nursing.
The practice of nursing approaches human caring beyond the customary,
fragmented, and routinary healthcare commitment.
Metaparadigm: PERSON
This theory views person as a human who cares for the self and
others; is whole and irreducible.
“To be human is to be caring” (Boykin &Schoenhoefer, 1997, p. 203)
and to be caring is humane.
Metaparadigm: NURSING
This theory views nursing as developing, fostering, healing, helping,
nourishing, progressing, and sustaing the well-being of humans (Reed,
1997).
Crowing (2000) viewed nursing as “responding to the wholeness of
human experience” (p. 157).
Metaparadigm: HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT
Ø Health is synchronized with the current space and time means synchronic health.
Ø To experience synchronic health, is to experience wholeness.
Ø A healing environment is vital for the process of caring in nursing to occur.
Ø The healing environment can be internal, meaning inside the human body.
Ø The environment can also be external. This external environment is called “space”.
Ø This space must be a healing environment that is conducive for wholeness.
Sample Research Study that Uses its Model as Framework
Robots and Robotics in Nursing
Gil P. Soriano, Yuko Yasuhara, Hirokazu Ito, Kazuyuki Matsumoto, K. Osaka, Y. Kai, R. Locsin, S. Schoenhofer, T. Tanioka
(Published 1 August 2022)
Technological advancements have led to the use of robots as prospective partners to comple ment understaffing and
deliver effective care to patients. This article discusses relevant concepts on robots from the perspective of nursing theories and
robotics in nursing and examines the distinctions between human beings and healthcare robots as partners and robot
development examples and challenges. Robotics in nursing is an interdisciplinary discipline that studies methodologies,
tech nologies, and ethics for developing robots that support and collaborate with physicians, nurses, and other healthcare
workers in practice. Robotics in nursing is geared toward learning the knowledge of robots for better nursing care, and for this
purpose, it is also to propose the necessary robots and develop them in collaboration with engineers. Two points were highlighted
regarding the use of robots in health care practice: issues of replacing humans because of human resource understaffing and
concerns about robot capabilities to engage in nursing practice grounded in caring science. This article stresses that technology
and artificial intelligence are useful and practical for patients. However, further research is required that considers what robotics
in nursing means and the use of robotics in nursing.
