Chapter-3 Problems
3.7 Figure P3.7 shows three physical situations, a certain amount of heat
is supplied to the system. Show the possible process in a P-v
diagram. For the indicated physical setup in (a), (b), and (c) in Fig.
P3.7, write a process equation and the expression for work.
3.25 A bulldozer pushes 800 kg of dirt 200 m with a force of 1500 N. It
then lifts the dirt 3 m up to put it in a dump truck. How much work
did it do in each situation?
3.31 A 400-L tank, A (see Fig. P3.31), contains argon gas at 250 kPa and
30◦C. Cylinder B, having a frictionless piston of such mass that a
pressure of 150 kPa will float it, is initially empty. The valve is
opened, and argon flows into B and eventually reaches a uniform
state of 150 kPa and 30◦C throughout. What is the work done by the
argon? Represent the process on P-v diagram.
3.28 A constant-pressure piston/cylinder assembly contains 5 kg of water
as saturated vapor at 200 kPa. It is now cooled so that the water
occupies half of the original volume. Find the work done in the
process. Represent the process on P-v and T-v diagram.
3.39 Helium gas expands from 125 kPa, 350 K and 0.25 m³ to 100 kPa in
a polytropic process with n = 1.667. How much work does it give
out?
3.109 A cylinder containing 1 kg of ammonia has an externally loaded
piston. Initially, the ammonia is at 2 MPa and 180°C. It is now
cooled to saturated vapor at 40°C and then further cooled to 20°C, at
which point the quality is 50%. Find the total work and the heat
transfer for the process, assuming a piecewise linear variation of P
versus V. Represent the process on P-v diagram.
3.113A helium gas is heated at constant volume from 100 kPa, 300 K to
500 K. A following process expands the gas at constant pressure to
three times the initial volume. What is the specific work and the
specific heat transfer in the combined process? Represent the process
on P-v diagram.
3.119The piston/cylinder arrangement in Fig. P3.119 contains 10 g
ammonia at 20◦C with a volume of 1 L. There are some stops, so if
the piston is at the stops, the volume is 1.4 L. The ammonia is now
heated to 200◦C. The piston and cylinder are made of 0.5 kg
aluminum. Assume that the mass has the same temperature as the
ammonia at any time. Find the final volume, the work done and the
total heat transfer and plot the P–v diagram for the process.
3.133A 0.5-m-long steel rod with a 1-cm diameter is stretched in a tensile
test. What is the work required to obtain a relative strain of 0.1%?
The modulus of elasticity of steel is 2 × 108 kPa.
3.130A sheet of rubber is stretched out over a ring of radius 0.25 m.
Liquid water at 20◦C is poured on it, as in Fig. P3.130, so that the
rubber forms a half-sphere (cup). Neglect the rubber mass and find
the surface tension near the ring.
3.41 A water heater is covered with insulation boards over a total surface
area of 3 m2. The inside board surface is at 75◦C, the outside surface
is at 18◦C, and the board material has a conductivity of 0.08 W/m K.
How thick should the board be to limit the heat transfer loss to 200
W?
3.48 A wall surface on a house is 30◦C with an emissivity of ε = 0.7. The
surroundings are at 15◦C with an average emissivity of 0.9. Find the
rate of radiation energy from each of those surfaces per unit area.
3.149A spherical balloon contains 2 kg of R-410a at 0◦C with a quality of
30%. This system is heated until the pressure in the balloon reaches 1
MPa. For this process, it can be assumed that the pressure in the
balloon is directly proportional to the balloon diameter. How does
pressure vary with volume, and what is the work done and the heat
transfer for the process?
3.152A well-insulated piston/cylinder arrangement constrained by a linear
spring, as shown in Fig. P3.152, contains 5 kg of water at 150 kPa
with a quality of 70%. A current of 5 A from a 220 V power supply
is passed through an electric heater (inside the cylinder) for a few
minutes. The piston rises till the pressure becomes 200 kPa. The
spring constant is 60 kN/m and cross-sectional area of the piston is
0.5 m². Find
(a) initial mass of liquid and vapor,
(b) initial and final volume,
(c) work done during the process,
(d) time in minutes for which power is supplied
through electric heater during the process,
and
(e) show the process on P-v diagram.
