Exam 5 Study Guide

• Know type I and Type II alveolar cells

• Role of surfactant in the lungs-infants and adults
• Know Chronic Bronchitis-pathophysiology, etiology, prevention,
clinical manifestations, treatment, complications
• Know gas exchange in the lungs
• How is the patient’s alveolar ventilation measured?
• Know asthma (adult and childhood)- pathophysiology, etiology,
prevention, inflammatory mediators, clinical manifestations,
treatment (acute and chronic), complications
• Ageing and the pulmonary system
• Know how oxygen and CO2 is carried in the blood
• Postures used to relief breathing difficulties
• Know pulmonary edema: pathophysiology, etiology, prevention,
clinical manifestations, treatment, complications
• Know pulmonary fibrosis: pathophysiology, etiology, prevention,
clinical manifestations, treatment, complications
• How do different disease processes cause hypoxemia?
• Know empyemas: pathophysiology, etiology, prevention, clinical
manifestations, treatment, complications
• Know ARDS: pathophysiology, etiology, description, prevention,
clinical manifestations, treatment, complications
• Discuss how cigarette smoking causes/exacerbates pulmonary
disease processes
• Know pulmonary hypertension: pathophysiology, etiology,
prevention, clinical manifestations, pressures, treatment,
complications
• Understand pulmonary compliance in adults and children/infants
and alterations of complicance
• Understand the danger of nasal congestion in infants.
• Know viral/bacterial pneumonia in adults and children:
pathophysiology, etiology, prevention, clinical manifestations,
treatment, complications
• Know cystic fibrosis: pathophysiology, etiology, inheritary
pattern, prevention, clinical manifestations, treatment,
complications
• Know croup: pathophysiology, etiology, prevention, clinical
manifestations, treatment, complications
• Know Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of newborn:
pathophysiology, etiology, prevention, clinical manifestations,
treatment, complications
• Causes of hypoxemia.
• Know pleural effusions: pathophysiology, etiology, prevention,
clinical manifestations, treatment, complications
• What is transudative, exudative, purulent mean?
• What part of the brain controls respiration?
• Know squamous cell Ca of lung: pathophysiology, etiology,
prevention, clinical manifestations, treatment, complications
• Most likely site of aspiration in the pulmonary system
• Know tuberculosis: pathophysiology, etiology, prevention, clinical
manifestations, treatment, complications
• Know the anatomy of the kidney, how much cardiac output do
the kidneys gets?
• How does exercise and body position affect renal blood flow?
• Understand the RAAS system.
• Know ADH, aldosterone and all renal hormones.
• Understand protein metabolism by the kidneys.
• What is the best indicator of renal function.
• Understand specific gravity.
• Know UTIs: pathophysiology, etiology, prevention, most
common “bugs”, clinical manifestations, treatment,
complications
• Know renal calculi (all types): pathophysiology, etiology,
prevention, clinical manifestations, treatment, complications
• Know pyelonephritis: pathophysiology, etiology, prevention,
clinical manifestations, treatment, complications
• Know cystitis: pathophysiology, etiology, prevention, clinical
manifestations, treatment, complications
• Know Goodpasture syndrome: pathophysiology, etiology,
prevention, clinical manifestations, treatment, complications
• Know acute renal failure: pathophysiology, etiology, prevention,
clinical manifestations, treatment, complications
• Know how glucose and insulin treat hyperkalemia
• Know anemia of renal failure: pathophysiology, etiology,
prevention, clinical manifestations, treatment, complications
• Know kidney formation and urine production in fetus
• Know nephritic syndrome in children: pathophysiology, etiology,
prevention, clinical manifestations, treatment, complications
• Know vesicoureteral reflux: pathophysiology, etiology,
prevention, clinical manifestations, treatment, complications
• Know Wilms tumor: pathophysiology, etiology, prevention,
clinical manifestations, treatment, complications
• Know poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in children:
pathophysiology, etiology, prevention, clinical manifestations,
treatment, complications
• Know hemolytic uremic syndrome: pathophysiology, etiology,
prevention, clinical manifestations, treatment, complications
• Know Berger nephropathy: pathophysiology, etiology,
prevention, clinical manifestations, treatment, complications
• Know Acute Tubular Necrosis: pathophysiology, etiology (know
drugs), prevention, clinical manifestations, treatment,
complications
• Know bladder cancer: pathophysiology, etiology, prevention,
clinical manifestations, treatment, complications
• Why does unilateral renal obstruction predispose patients to
HTN?
• Know BG level necessary to cause glucosuria.
• How much urine in the bladder causes person to feel bladder
fullness?