GNED O7 (The Contemporary World)

Final Examination (BSP, BSIT)

February 3, 2023 (1st Sem)

Instruction: Answer items 1 to 6 (60 points) and choose any two (2) questions from
items 6 to 10 (40 points).

I. Define the 8 Types of Globalization

 Social globalization- refers to the notion that we currently live in a communal

society. (A society has many diverse cultures, but a society is a collection of
people who all live together). Also known as sociological globalization, social
globalization refers to the integration of our societies.
 Technological globalization-  refers to the spread of technology around the
world. Examples of this include the spread of the internet, solar panel technology,
and medical technologies – which can all help improve the lives of people around
the world.
 Financial globalization- refers to the ease at which money can be spread around
the world.
 Economic globalization -refers to the current business practices of multinational
firms.
 Political globalization- refers to the diplomatic conversations that take place
between nation-states. It entails standardizing worldwide standards governing
trade, crime, and the rule of law.
 Cultural globalization refers to the spread and mixing of cultures around the
world. Concepts related to cultural globalization include cultural
adaptation, cultural diffusion, and hierarchical diffusion.
 Ecological globalization- refers to the idea that the world needs to be considered
one interconnected ecosystem. This means that the world needs to work
together to address ecological issues crossing nation-states’ borders.
 Geographical globalization- refers to the idea that the world is no longer seen as
a group of distinct nations as much as it once was.
 II. Choose four (4) on the types of Globalization that the Philippines has
benefited less and explain why?

- Cultural, economical, social, and political aspects. First and foremost, the culture
is losing cultural variety as we march toward a global culture with the same
music, performers, meals, and even arts. Second, many governments
experience financial backlash as a result of offshore firms buying out too much of
local enterprises, real estate, and farming land, which can jeopardize a country's
sovereignty. Third, societal factors might drive employees to move from their
home nations in poorer countries to more developed countries in search of jobs.
Migrant laborers may leave their families and live in another nation for a short
period of time, damaging the familial and social fabric of their native towns.
Fourth, these observers contend that politics weakens the national state not just
by diminishing the resources under national control for molding economic and
social results, but also by reducing the government's credibility and authority in
the eyes of the people. These 4 can also be benefited but we should think that
we have our own, mostly in a culture that is prevalent now such our cultural kinds
of music and others. We can make our own decisions to make, to have a
constant relationship with others but first and foremost we need to think first for
our country which is now struggling with different sectors that make Filipinos
blind because of some other images that most of them, Filipinos more on
focusing them.

III. Is the “free trading agreement” advantageous or disadvantageous to the

Philippines and explain why?

- As the economy recovers from the effects of the Covid-19 epidemic, the
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) is convinced that free trade agreements
(FTA) will help boost export growth. Furthermore, the Philippines is learning this,
although at a slower pace than the majority of its neighbors in the region. For
example, in the export of bananas to larger and farther markets, it is now widely
acknowledged that the key to success is to discover a technical solution that may
extend the fruits' life while being transported. According to some Philippine-based
 businesses, the AFTA has improved its competitiveness and commercial growth.
Most of them have depended on the economic strength of other ASEAN
countries as a springboard for expansion, rather than relying solely on domestic
growth. The Philippine government must seriously consider developing a true
roadmap for our agriculture and tourist industries, both of which have the ability
to provide jobs and a better life for the majority of our countrymen who do not
earn enough. And, although we consider how to protect industries and sectors
that are not yet ready to confront the full impact of trade liberalization, we must
be mindful of becoming overprotective to the point of being unable to take off.

IV. At present state of the global economy, do we see a growing concerns on

the environment (climate change, global warming/carbon emission) and
social (standard of living, education, food security)? Is the Philippines
prepared having difficulties on the country’s financial stability? What
important role that the young Filipino adults/ professionals should do in
order to mitigate the worsening conditions.

- We can observe growing concerns about the environment in the current state of
the global economy, worldwide dangers are too great, and the benefits of
transitioning to global sustainable development are not acknowledged. We are
failing to provide the necessary commercial incentives. Unsustainable behavior
continues to yield the biggest returns. Global sustainability is now the only path to
future inclusive progress that can deliver the Sustainable Development Goals
and the Paris Climate Agreement, which increase efforts and support actions to
reduce emissions, build resilience and reduce vulnerability to the adverse effects
of climate change, and maintain and promote regional and international
cooperation. . To succeed, we must establish planetary boundaries to create a
safe operating zone for the global economy on Earth - that is, we must confine
the Fourth Industrial Revolution within social and environmental limitations. This
is not a strategy for putting an end to the revolution. Instead, it is a means of
encouraging deeper innovation and step-changes toward a healthy, thriving
global economy. Although the Philippines is not prepared because its economy is
unstable. Young Filipino adults and professionals must take action by modifying
 their consumption habits; our behavior and attitudes must also play a part.
Individuals also have the ability to exercise their rights as citizens and customers,
as well as exert pressure on their governments and international organizations,
to effect the required systemic reforms.

V. How do we assess the present economic situation of the Philippines

showing a record high inflation rate (8.1%), huge debt (P13.6 trillion as of
Nov 2022), unemployment, low literacy/educational system, high
population (110 million) and slow GDP growth? Is there equilibrium for
sustainability between today’s needs and needs of future generations?

- A real gross domestic product, or real GDP, is the most commonly used
economic metric. GDP is the total worth of everything generated in our economy
(goods and services). The term "real" indicates that the total has been adjusted
to account for the impacts of inflation. Policymakers, government officials,
entrepreneurs, economists, and the general public all rely on GDP and related
statistics to assess the health of the economy and make educated decisions.
When deciding on interest rates, taxes, and trade policies, policymakers will
consider GDP. Another option for the government to solve the problem of
unemployment is to have sustainable economic growth. Employers will be more
willing and able to hire more workers while the economy is growing. This
contributes to addressing the issue of unemployment. Reading aloud to children
helps promote early literacy and social skills in the educational system. Reading
programs in low-income neighborhoods can provide access to a library, a place
to go on weekends or during the summer, and the opportunity to develop core
literacy skills. Yes, there is an equilibrium for sustainability, in my opinion. As we
all know, the Philippines uses hydropower, solar energy, and other renewable
energy sources, and by doing so, we can contribute to not just sustainability but
also renewable energy. It will be the same for today and future generations. But
despite those struggles, we should take action for it to be constantly better
because we all know nowadays, our economy is getting worse than before,
especially with inflation rates that make Filipinos poorer and poorer. We should
 focus more on how we will be able to save our economy by changing our thinking
on how we can save our country. By these, our economy will be high and more
importing to other countries with our own product and goods as well services.

VI. Do we see a failure on the part of UN for maintaining peace and security
considering the three (3) permanent members US, China and Russia are
initiating conflicts, which adversely affect the global economy particularly
for less developed or developing countries? What the Philippine
government should do if the economic war continues to worsen?

- Yes, because if the UN is responsible for keeping peace and security, why do
they have conflicts? The United Nations should take action because it will have
an impact on the global economy, particularly for less developed members or
emerging countries. Through diplomacy, good offices, and mediation, the United
Nations plays a vital role in conflict prevention. Special envoys and political
missions in the field are among the tactics used by the Organization to bring
peace. That is why Peacekeeping has proven to be one of the most effective
tools at the UN's disposal for assisting countries in navigating the difficult
transition from conflict to peace. Today's multidimensional peacekeeping
operations are tasked with not only maintaining peace and security, but also
facilitating political processes, protecting civilians, assisting in the disarmament,
demobilization, and reintegration of former combatants, supporting constitutional
processes and election organization, protecting and promoting human rights, and
assisting in the restoration of the rule of law and the extension of legitimate state
authority as well as in something in the economy which is very important to those
members who included because some are developing and some need to be
developed. By opening the Philippine markets to global trade, implementing
import liberalization policies, repealing protectionist regulations, and adhering to
the concept of globalization. More foreign debt and foreign help from the World
Bank and IMF to cover fiscal deficits. In addition, by increasing market
competitiveness through regulatory changes; boosting trade and investment
climate policies and regulations; and (decreasing labor market rigidities and
costs.
2 items I chose

VII. Coconut oil and sugar cane are the basic food commodity of the Filipinos.
The Philippines as developing country should give emphasis on the
concern for food security to alleviate poverty. Based on research, 351
million in Asia and 250 million people are chronically hungry. Did the
government study carefully the biofuel’s law using coco methyl ester and
ethanol with due diligence as alternative fuel than taking into account the
importance of coconut oil and sugar cane more available to marginalized
Filipinos who are hungry or would not afford to buy a healthy food due to
high prices?

- The poverty in the Philippines is getting worse, mostly in our malnutrition that is
one of the most serious issues confronting children from low-income homes here
in the Philippines. According to what I've heard and read, 4 million preschool
children are underweight and stunted. That figure, I believe, represents 32% of
the country's child population. Protein-energy malnutrition is the most serious of
the specific difficulties that needed to be addressed when it comes to
malnutrition, followed closely by iron and iodine deficits, as well as Vitamin A
deficiencies. Hunger and malnutrition make people more susceptible to disease,
especially youngsters that is why the Biofuels Act of 2006 intends to minimize the
country's reliance on imported fuels while protecting public health, the
environment, and natural ecosystems in accordance with the country's long-term
economic growth. It requires the use of biofuels as a measure to develop and
use indigenous renewable and sustainable-source clean energy sources in order
to reduce reliance on imported oil, mitigate toxic and greenhouse gas (GSG)
emissions, increase rural employment and income and ensure the availability of
alternative and renewable clean energy without compromising the country's
natural ecosystem, biodiversity, and food reserves. The government is carefully
studying the biofuels bill, but we must go further to assure that they would benefit
Filipinos. They should prioritize more economical and readily available items,
such as coconut oil and sugar cane because we know that low-income Filipinos
cannot afford to buy healthful meals. We understand that in order for you to
afford such healthy foods, you must earn a lot of money. This will be affected
 because we need this for every Filipino who does have not the capacity to do
anything. This could help not only children but a Filipinos out there. We should
have changed to make a better living, to protect ourselves, and being responsible
Filipinos, we can contribute these also to our country.

VIII. Education quality and economy tends to go together. If this statement is

right, then the Filipinos receive less education mainly because the
economy is not becoming stronger. What are the challenges on the
learning outcomes that make the educational system poorer in the
Philippines than other countries?

- if economy and education tends to go together and if this statement is right then
Filipinos receive less education mainly because the economy is not becoming,
then yes we know that it comes first with our skilled teachers, and facilities if the
economy wouldn’t high it will affect also to low supplies of education tools that
can affect also to students. Additionally, The slowing of the economy during an
economic crisis is connected with reductions in hourly wage rates, hours worked,
and the quantity of public and private cash available for schools. Such
circumstances have an impact on children's educational outcomes such as
enrollment, attainment, attendance, and performance. High dropout rates, low
pupil performance, and poor teacher quality in a system where teachers are
central to the education process, irrelevant learning materials, excessive
centralization, and insufficient financial resources are among the challenges to
learning outcomes that make the educational system in the Philippines poorer
than in other countries. We also have a social divide: there is no equal access to
education in the country. Lack of resources - Significant deficiencies in
classrooms, teachers and other tools to support sound learning are also a major
issue. Because of the epidemic, there is an imbalance in efficiency, learning rate,
quality, and overall learning experience in both offline and online classrooms. To
keep up with social and technical advancements, there is a significant demand
for lifelong learning. In addition, Financial. Most students are unable to write a
personal check or withdraw funds from a savings account to cover tuition, books,
and other educational expenditures. Commitment Management. Another
 significant problem that students confront is balancing work, school, and family
life. And Academic Preparation. More over, the negative impact of this is that the
decrease in adult income makes it more difficult for parents to cover direct
educational costs such as tuition, fees, books, supplies, uniforms, and private
tutoring. As a result, educational outcomes suffer since the youngster is either
absent from school or not prepared for it. Another thing is that the decrease in
adult income may also compel parents to become more involved and reliant on
child labor. As a result, a child who prior to the crisis was not a child labore may
become a child laborer; if the child was already a child laborer prior to the crisis,
she may have to work longer hours. This increase in child labor hours can harm
educational outcomes because the additional labor is physically and emotionally
draining and leaves fewer study hours. Furthermore, parents who have
previously relied on child Labor may respond to lowering kid wage rates by
demanding their child to work greater hours 6 Current Issues in Comparative
Education hours; again, such increases in hours worked are likely to harm
educational outcomes.

Prepared By: Checked By: Approved By:

Danilo C. Billedo Virgilio Castillo Jr. Janice A. Nealega

Instructor II Program Coordinator DMS Chairperson