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Computers in Education - History

The document discusses the history of computers in education from the 18th century to present day. It describes some of the key events and innovations such as Charles Babbage conceiving of the steam-driven calculating machine in 1821, Ada Lovelace writing the first computer program in 1848, the invention of the integrated circuit in 1958 which led to the development of microchips, and the creation of the World Wide Web in 1989 which allowed for easy sharing of information across computers and launched the internet era. The document provides a high-level overview of the major developments in computer technology and how it has progressed from mechanical calculating machines to personal computers to today's powerful and connected devices.

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John Dominic Romero
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267 views18 pages

Computers in Education - History

The document discusses the history of computers in education from the 18th century to present day. It describes some of the key events and innovations such as Charles Babbage conceiving of the steam-driven calculating machine in 1821, Ada Lovelace writing the first computer program in 1848, the invention of the integrated circuit in 1958 which led to the development of microchips, and the creation of the World Wide Web in 1989 which allowed for easy sharing of information across computers and launched the internet era. The document provides a high-level overview of the major developments in computer technology and how it has progressed from mechanical calculating machines to personal computers to today's powerful and connected devices.

Uploaded by

John Dominic Romero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTERS IN

EDUCATION:
6.53

Historical Background
Dominic Romero
TEC 211
HISTORY OF
COMPUTERS IN
EDUCATION
• Goes back for over 200
years
• Theorized first by
mathematicians and
entrepreneurs
• 19th century –mechanical
calculating machines
used to solve increasingly
complex challenges

02/19/2022 2
HISTORY OF
COMPUTERS IN
EDUCATION
• 20th century –
advancement in
technology led to more-
complex computers
• 21st century – progression
to more flexible, fast and
reliable personal
computers

02/19/2022 3
COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION:
Historical Background
1801: Joseph Marie Jacquard, a French merchant and inventor invents
a loom that uses punched wooden cards to automatically weave fabric
designs.

1821: English mathematician Charles Babbage conceives of a steam-


driven calculating machine. Funded by the British government, called
the "Difference Engine" fails due to the lack of technology at the time

1848: Ada Lovelace, an English mathematician, writes the world's first


computer program. Lovelace writes the first program while translating
a paper on Babbage's Analytical Engine from French into English.

FEBRUARY 19, 2022 Computers in Education: Historical Background 4


ANALYTICAL ENGINE (LOVELACE)

02/19/2022
Computers in Education 5
COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION:
Historical Background
1936: Alan Turing, a British scientist and mathematician, presents the
principle of a universal machine, later called the Turing machine, in a
paper called "On Computable Numbers…“

1939: David Packard and Bill Hewlett found the Hewlett Packard
Company (HP) in Palo Alto, California. The pair decided the name of
their new company by a coin toss, and Hewlett-Packard's first
headquarters was at Packard's garage

FEBRUARY 19, 2022 Computers in Education: Historical Background 6


COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION:
Historical Background
1941: John Vincent Atanasoff, an American physicist/inventor and his
graduate student, Clifford Berry, designed the first digital electronic
computer in the U.S., called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC).

1945: Two professors at the University of Pennsylvania, John Mauchly


and J. Presper Eckert, designed and built the Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC).

FEBRUARY 19, 2022 Computers in Education: Historical Background 7


ELECTRONIC NUMERICAL INTEGRATOR
AND CALCULATOR (ENIAC)

02/19/2022
Computers in Education 8
COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION:
Historical Background
1949: University of Cambridge develops the Electronic Delay Storage
Automatic Calculator (EDSAC), "the first practical stored-program
computer”

1958: Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce unveil the integrated circuit, known
as the computer chip. Kilby was later awarded the Nobel Prize in
Physics for his work.

FEBRUARY 19, 2022 Computers in Education: Historical Background 9


COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION:
Historical Background
1968: Douglas Engelbart reveals a prototype of the modern computer
at the Fall Joint Computer Conference, San Francisco. It features a
prototype of a mouse, and GUI (graphical user interface).

1970: The newly formed Intel unveils the Intel 1103, the first Dynamic
Random Access Memory (DRAM) chip.

1971: A team of IBM engineers led by Alan Shugart invents the "floppy
disk," enabling data to be shared among different computers.

FEBRUARY 19, 2022 Computers in Education: Historical Background 10


COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION:
Historical Background
1973: Robert Metcalfe, a member of the research staff for Xerox,
develops Ethernet (LAN) for connecting multiple computers

1976: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak co-found Apple Computer on


April Fool's Day. They unveiled Apple I, the first computer with a single-
circuit board and ROM (Read Only Memory), according to
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

FEBRUARY 19, 2022 Computers in Education: Historical Background 11


COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION:
Historical Background
1978: VisiCalc, the first computerized spreadsheet program (ex. Excel)
was introduced

1979: MicroPro International, founded by software engineer Seymour


Rubenstein, releases WordStar, the world's first commercially
successful word processor (ex. Office Word).

FEBRUARY 19, 2022 Computers in Education: Historical Background 12


‘ACORN’ IBM'S FIRST PERSONAL
COMPUTER
• 1981: "Acorn," IBM's first
personal computer, is released
onto the market at a price
point of $1,565 (after applying
inflation, $4,579 (192.58%)
would amount to PHP
235,543.76), according to IBM.
Acorn uses the MS-DOS
operating system from
Windows. Optional features
include a display, printer, two
diskette drives, extra memory,
a game adapter and more.
02/19/2022
Computers in Education 13
COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION:
Historical Background
1984: The Apple Macintosh was announced to the world during a
Superbowl advertisement (National Football League). The Macintosh
was launched with a retail price of $2,500 (after applying inflation,
$6,402 (156.08%) would amount to PHP 329,318.88).

1985: Microsoft releases Windows in November 1985 (early type of


OS)

1989: Tim Berners-Lee, a British researcher at the European


Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), submits his proposal for
what would become the World Wide Web (www/internet).

FEBRUARY 19, 2022 Computers in Education: Historical Background 14


COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION:
Historical Background
1993: The Pentium microprocessor advances the use of graphics and
music on PCs

1996: Sergey Brin and Larry Page develop the Google search engine at
Stanford University.

1997: Microsoft invests $150 million in Apple, which at the time was
struggling financially.

FEBRUARY 19, 2022 Computers in Education: Historical Background 15


COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION:
Historical Background
2001: Mac OS X, later renamed OS X then simply macOS, was released
by Apple as the successor to its standard Mac Operating System.

2004: The Mozilla Corporation launches Mozilla Firefox 1.0.


The Web browser was one of the first major competitor to Internet
Explorer, owned by Microsoft.

2005: Google buys Android, a Linux-based mobile phone operating


system

FEBRUARY 19, 2022 Computers in Education: Historical Background 16


COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION:
Historical Background
2016: The first reprogrammable quantum computer was created.
(University of Maryland)

2017: The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is


developing a new "Molecular Informatics" program that uses
molecules as computers.

FEBRUARY 19, 2022 Computers in Education: Historical Background 17


REFERENCES
History of computers: A brief timeline | Live Science
https://www.livescience.com/20718-computer-history.html

FEBRUARY 19, 2022 Computers in Education: Historical Background 18

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