“PREPARATION OF BIOFERTILIZER AND ANALYSIS OF

ITS SIGNIFICANCE”

A PROJECT WORK SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL

FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR
UNDERGRADUATE COURSE.
BY
PRABAL ACHARYA

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
AMBITION ACADEMY H.S.S
MID BANESHWOR, KATHMANDU, NEPAL
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
This project work entitled “PREPARATION OF BIOFERTILIZER
AND ANALYSIS OF ITS SIGNIFICANCE” by Mr. Prabal Acharya
under the supervision of Mr. Ravi Kumar Sharma is hereby
submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
undergraduate course.

.................................
Supervisor
Ravi Kumar Sharma

…......................... …..........................
Internal Examiner External Examiner
Sukdev Acharya …............................

Ambition Academy H.S.S

Mid Baneshwor, Kathmandu
Nepal
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my
principal Mr. Bishnu Ghimire as well as supervisor Mr. Ravi
Kumar Sharma for giving me the opportunity to do this project and
providing invaluable guidance throughout this project. His dynamism,
vision, sincerity and motivation have deeply inspired me. He has
taught me the methodology to carry out the report and to present the
report as clearly as possible. It was a great privilege and honor to
work and study under his guidance. I am extremely grateful for what
he has offered me. I would also like to thank him for his friendship,
empathy, and great sense of humor.
Any attempt at any level can’t be satisfactorily completed
without the support and guidance of my parents and friends. I would
like to thank my parents, friends who helped me a lot in gathering
different information, collecting data and guiding me from time to
time in making this projecti, despite of their busy schedules, they gave
me different ideas in making this project unique.

Prabal Acharya
XI BIOLOGY
 METHODOLOGY
This project is based on the information collected from the society where people
make bio fertilizer. The relevant information’s were gathered, compiled and
elaborated in this report. I have gathered relevant information by asking
different questions to the different persons.
 TABLE OF CONTENT
Page Number

1. Introduction …………………………………………1

2. Types of Bio Fertilizers .……………………………2

3. Requirements …....................................................... 3
4. Procedure....................................................... …….. 4
5. Significance …................................................... …. 5
6. Conclusion …………………………………………6
7. References …………………………………………7
 Introduction
Bio fertilizers are products that contain microorganisms essential for soil fertility
and plant growth when added to the soil. A bio fertilizer is a chemical that contains
living microorganisms that colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant
when given to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, and encourage growth by controlling
the quantity or availability of primary nutrients to the plant host. Bio fertilizers
supply nutrients to plants through natural processes such as nitrogen fixation,
phosphorus solubilization, and the creation of growth-promoting chemicals. They
help restore the soil's natural nutrient cycle and increase soil organic matter. 
Healthy plants can be developed with the application of bio fertilizers while also
improving the soil's sustainability and health. Bio fertilizers will likely decrease the
need for synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, but they will not be able to completely
replace them.

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 Types of Bio Fertilizers
Some important types of bio fertilizers are as follows:

1. Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria

The symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Rhizobium get food and shelter from
the plants and provide them with fixed nitrogen in return. One of the most
important symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria is Rhizobium. Bacteria seek shelter
and food from plants here. In exchange, they assist the plants by delivering free
nitrogen..

2. A Loose Association of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria

Some bacteria aren’t related directly to the plants but live around them For
example; a nitrogen-fixing bacterium called Azospirillum lives near the roots of
higher plants but does not form a close bond with them. This is known as
rhizosphere association because these bacteria collect plant exudate and use it as
food. Associative mutualism is the name given to this phenomenon.

3. Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacteria

There are many symbiotic nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria like liverworts, cycad
roots, the bacteria released by fern plant decay, etc. Cyanobacteria or blue-green
algae form a symbiotic relationship with numerous plants. Anabaena can be found
in the fern's leaf cavities. It's in charge of nitrogen fixation. The fern plants
decompose and release nutrients for the rice plants to use. Azolla pinnata is a fern
that grows in rice fields however; it has no effect on the plant's growth.

4. Free-Living Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria

Free-living bacteria are found in soil, and they also perform nitrogen fixation.
These include clostridium, azotobacter, and bacillus polymyxin.They are nitrogen-
fixing bacteria that live in free-living soil. Clostridium beijerinckii, Azotobacter,
and other saprotrophic anaerobes are among them. Rhizobium and Azospirillum
are the most extensively utilized forms of bio fertilizers.

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 Requirements for the Preparation of Bio Fertilizer

 Material
1 kg of bamboo leaves, 2 kg husk, 1 kg of undisturbed soil collected from 5
cm under the surface near a tree, 0.5 kg net bag.

 Chemicals
Clean Water, brown sugar

 Apparatus
Bucket,100 L barrel

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 Procedure
Mix the ingredients on the ground for approximately 30 minutes or until mixture is
consistent. Add water while mixing to moisten the blend. Move the mixture into a
shallow bucket with a 50 cm diameter. Distribute the mixture in the bucket and
create a depression in the center to promote heat ventilation. Mix every 4 days for
a period of 30 days to maintain consistency. Placed the dried sample into a net bag
once a layer of white hypha has formed on the top of it.

Making the Liquid Micro-Organisms

Prepared 10L of clean water in a 10 l barrel and then added 4 kg of brown sugar .
Added the 0.5 kg net bad ingredients and stirred in one direction for around 10
minutes. Sealed the barrel tightly and leaved it . This allows the mixture to ferment
and form a liquid called microorganism. After 30 days, a white layer formed. I
prepared the following ingredients to make bio fertilizers.
1 part of prepared microorganism , 1 part sugar or molasses, 10 parts water and
10L barrel that is full of chopped leftover vegetables, herbs and fruits.
Mixed all these ingredients together and tightly seal the barrel and let it set for
approximately 15 days. Dilute 15 ml with 10 L water. Spray the bio fertilizers on
the root of the plants to enhance their growth.

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 Significance of Bio Fertilizers

Bio fertilizers are significant for the following reasons:

 Bio fertilizers improve the soil texture and yield of plants.

 They do not allow pathogens to flourish.
 They are eco-friendly and cost-effective.
 Bio fertilizers protect the environment from pollutants since they are natural
fertilizers.
 They destroy many harmful substances present in the soil that can cause
plant diseases.
 Bio fertilizers are proved to be effective even under semi-arid conditions.

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 CONCLUSION
Bio fertilizers are required to restore the fertility of the soil. Prolonged use of
chemical fertilizers degrades the soil and affects crop yield. Bio fertilizers, on the
other hand, enhance the water holding capacity of the soil and add essential
nutrients such as nitrogen, vitamins and proteins to the soil. They are the natural
form of fertilizers and hence, widely used in agriculture.

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 REFERENCES
1) Himalayan times newspaper
2) The Kathmandu Post Newspaper
3) Ministry of Agriculture & Livestock development Planning
4) Agrifarming

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