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    Cell Topic

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    Chynna Pornete
    The document summarizes the history and key discoveries that led to the development of the cell theory. It describes how Robert Hooke, Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow contributed important findings that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things and that cells only arise from pre-existing cells. It then provides details on cell organelles, the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and compares the structures of plant and animal cells.

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    Cell Topic

    Uploaded by

    Chynna Pornete
    30 views29 pages
    The document summarizes the history and key discoveries that led to the development of the cell theory. It describes how Robert Hooke, Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow contributed important findings that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things and that cells only arise from pre-existing cells. It then provides details on cell organelles, the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and compares the structures of plant and animal cells.

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    The document summarizes the history and key discoveries that led to the development of the cell theory. It describes how Robert Hooke, Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow contributed important findings that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things and that cells only arise from pre-existing cells. It then provides details on cell organelles, the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and compares the structures of plant and animal cells.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views29 pages

    Cell Topic

    Uploaded by

    Chynna Pornete
    The document summarizes the history and key discoveries that led to the development of the cell theory. It describes how Robert Hooke, Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow contributed important findings that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things and that cells only arise from pre-existing cells. It then provides details on cell organelles, the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and compares the structures of plant and animal cells.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 29

    The Cell

    Robert Hooke
    • Coined
    the term
    “cell”
    Matthias Schleiden
    • All plants are
    made of cells
    Theodor Schwann
    • All animals are
    made of cells
    Rudolf Virchow
    • Cells can only
    arise from
    pre-existing
    cells
    Cell Theory
    1. The cell is the basic unit of
    structure.
    2. The cell is the basic unit of
    function.
    3. All cells arise from pre-existing
    cells.
    Organelles
    • specialized structures of cell that
    allow it to carry out essential life
    processes such as nutrition,
    excretion, respiration, response,
    movement, and reproduction.
    Cell types
    Prokaryotic—no nucleus,
    circular DNA, ribosome

    Eukaryotic—larger, nucleus,
    linear chromosomes, membranous
    organelles
    Prokaryotic Cells
    • Have no membrane-
    bound organelles
    • Include true bacteria
    • On earth 3.8 million years
    • Found nearly everywhere
    • Spores in each breath;
    intestines
    • Naturally in soil, air, hot
    springs
    nucleoid (DNA)

    ribosomes

    food granule

    prokaryotic
    flagellum

    plasma membrane
    cytoplasm cell wall
    Eukaryotic Cells
    • Have numerous internal
    structures
    • Various types & forms
    • Plants, animals, fungi, protist
    • Multicellular organisms
    nuclear pore
    chromatin (DNA) nucleus
    nucleolus
    nuclear envelope
    flagellum
    intermediate
    filaments

    cytoplasm plasma
    rough endoplasmic membrane
    reticulum

    ribosome
    lysosome

    microtubules
    smooth endoplasmic
    reticulum
    Golgi
    complex
    free ribosome
    vesicle
    mitochondrion

    vesicle
    microtubules mitochondrion
    (part of cytoskeleton)

    chloroplast

    Golgi complex central vacuole

    smooth endoplasmic
    reticulum
    vesicle

    rough endoplasmic cell wall


    reticulum

    plasma
    membrane

    nucleolus
    nucleus nuclear pore
    chromatin
    nuclear envelope intermediate
    filaments
    ribosomes free ribosome
    Eukaryotic cell structure
    • Nucleus is the control center of the
    cell
    1. Membrane bound (nuclear
    envelope)
    2. Contains nucleoli; synthesizes
    ribosomal RNA
    3. DNA in chromosomes (DNA and
    proteins)
    nuclear
    envelope

    nucleolus
    nuclear
    pores

    chromatin
    nucleus

    nuclear
    pores
    chromatin

    chromosome
    Figure 2. Types of Cells

    Source:
    http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoac
    h/cells/common.html
    Plant Cell
    Animal Cell
    Plant Cell Animal Cell
    VENN DIAGRAM SHOWING THE COMPARISON BETWEEN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL
    VENN DIAGRAM SHOWING THE COMPARISON BETWEEN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL
    Comparison between a Plant and an
    Animal Cell
    Diagram Organelle Function Animal Cell Plant Cell

    Directs cell
    Nucleus present present
    activity

    Movement present in
    Cilia very rare
    of cell some

    Captures sunlight
    Chloroplast for absent present
    photosynthesis

    Keeps organelles
    Cytoplasm present present
    in place
    Comparison between a Plant and an
    Animal Cell
    Diagram Organelle Function Animal Plant Cell
    Cell
    Endoplasmic
    Reticulum (ER)
    Smooth ER produces
    Smooth ER
    lipids; Rough ER present present
    (ribosome-free)
    produces proteins
    Rough ER (w/
    ribosome

    Ribosomes Protein synthesis present present

    In plant cells, the


    one or more one, large
    function of vacuoles is
    small central
    to store water and
    vacuoles vacuole
    Vacuole maintain turgidity of
    (much smaller taking up
    the cell. Vacuoles in
    than plant 90% of cell
    animal cells store
    cells) volume
    water, ions and waste.
    Comparison between a Plant and an
    Animal Cell
    Diagram Organelle Function Animal Cell Plant Cell
    Guide
    chromosomes
    Absent;
    Centrioles during cell present in all
    very rare
    division

    Protein
    Golgi
    packaging present Present
    Apparatus
    factory
    Framework for
    support in plant
    Cell Wall absent present
    cells
    Comparison between a Plant and an
    Animal Cell
    Diagram Organelle Function Animal Cell Plant Cell

    Controls
    cell wall
    Plasma the entry only cell
    and cell
    Membrane and exit of membrane
    membrane
    materials
    Provides
    Microtubules/
    cellular present present
    Microfilaments
    framework

    Movement found in found in


    Flagella
    of cell some cells some cells
    Comparison between a Plant and an
    Animal Cell
    Diagram Organelle Function Animal Plant
    Cell Cell
    Sacs that contain
    digestive
    enzymes that
    merge with food
    Lysosomes vacuoles; present present
    eliminates
    unwanted
    materials inside
    the cell

    Site of cellular
    Mitochondria respiration, present present
    produces ATP
    1
    2

    6
    4
    5

    8. Which type of cell is this? _____


    9. How do you know which type of cell it is? _____
    4 5 6

    1
    9

    10
    2

    11. Which type of cell is this? ________


    12. How do you know which type of cell it is? ________

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