Name : Awang Faidhil Hasan
NIM : 190101030188
Esperanto Morphology Exercise
Esperanto is an artificial language that was invented by Ludwig Zamenhof in 1887. It was
designed to be easy to learn and is based largely on the languages of western Europe. It is
now primarily spoken in France, although it may also be found in eastern Asia, South
America and eastern Europe. There are now between 200-2,000 native speakers and about
2,000,000 people worldwide speak it as a second language.
Examine the following data from Esperanto and then answer the questions below:
1. bono ‘goodness’ 11. portistino ‘female porter’
2. instrua ‘instructive’ 12. pura ‘pure’
3. malfacila ‘difficult’ 13. malbone ‘badly’
4. patrino ‘mother’ 14. facile ‘easily’
5. instruisto ‘teacher’ 15. bona ‘good’
6. porti ‘to carry’ 16. malgranda ‘small’
7. facila ‘easy’ 17. bone ‘well’
8. patro ‘father’ 18. facilo ‘easiness’
9. portisto ‘porter’ 19. granda ‘big’
10. instrui ‘to instruct’ 20. instruo ‘instruction’
21. Mia mas vin ‘I love you’ 26. Kie estas la necesejo? ‘where is the toilet?’
22. Kio estas tio? ‘what is that?’ 27. Cu vi parolas esperanton? ‘do you speak Esperanto?’
23. Tio estas hundo ‘that is a dog’ 28. Mi ne komprenasi vin ‘I don’t understand you’
24. Mia mas vin ‘I love you’ 29. Kio estas via nomo? ‘what is your name’
25. Pardonu min ‘excuse me’ 30. Mia nomo estas Marko
A. What are the morphemes that correspond to the following lexical categories and
concepts?
i. Nouns o o iv. Adverbs ee
ii. Verbs i v. Feminine inon
iii. Adjectives a a vi. The opposite (not…) malmal
B. Translate the following English words and phrases into Esperanto.
i. “purity” Pureco
ii. “bad” malbona
iii. “female teacher” intruistino
C. What are the morphemes that correspond to the following pronouns and grammatical
concepts/morphemes?
i. I Mia v. no/not ne
ii. My Mia vi. Me Min
iii. You (subject) Vin vii. What Kio
iv. You (object) Vin viii. Where Kie
Turkish
Turkish is an Altaic language. It is the official language of Turkey and is spoken by about 50
million people worldwide.
1. deniz 'an ocean' 9. elim 'my hand'
2. denize 'to an ocean' 10. eller 'hands'
3. denizin 'of an ocean' 11. dishler 'teeth'
4. eve 'to a house' 12. dishiminiz 'of our tooth'
5. evden 'from a house' 13. dishleriminiz 'of our teeth'
6. evjikden 'from a little house' 14. eljike 'to a little hand'
7. denizjikde 'in a little ocean' 15. denizlerimizde 'in our oceans'
8. elde 'in a hand' 16. evjiklerimizde 'in our little houses'
A. Give the Turkish morpheme which corresponds to each of the following English
translations.
ocean: deniz in: de my: im
house: ev to: e of: in
hand: el from: den our: miz
tooth: dish [plural]: ler little: ik
B. What is the order of morphemes in a Turkish word (in terms of noun, plural marker,
etc.)?
Noun > adj > plural marker > poss pronoun > prepos
C .How would you say "of our little hands" in Turkish? eljikleriminiz
D. Give the English translation for the Turkish form "dishjiklerden". From little teeth teeth
Swahili
Swahili is a Bantu language which is spoken primarily in East Africa. There are
approximately 800,000 native speakers of Swahili, and some 30,000,000 people (!)
worldwide speak Swahili as a second language.
anapenda 'he likes' alimona 'he saw him'
atapenda 'he will like' alimsaidia 'he helped him'
alipenda 'he liked' alimpiga 'he hit him'
amependa 'he has liked' alimchukua 'he carried him'
alinipenda 'he liked me' alimua 'he killed him'
alikupenda 'he liked you' ananitazama 'he looks at me'
alimpenda 'he liked him' atakusikia 'he will hear you'
alitupenda 'he liked us' alitupanya 'he cured us'
aliwapenda 'he liked them' ninakupenda 'I like you'
nitampenda 'I will like him' nitawapenda 'I will like them'
Pronouns Tenses Verbs
he: a [present]: na see: ona
me: ni [future]: ta help: saidia
you: ku [past]: li hit: piga
him: m [past part.]: me carry: chukua
us: tu kill: ua
them: wa look: tazama
I: ni hear: sikia
cure: panya
like: penda
Translate the following English sentences into Swahili:
i. He has hit me. amenipiga
ii. He helps us. anatusaidia
iii. I will look at you. nitakutazama
Czech is a Slavic language which is spoken by about 10 million people, primarily in the
Czech Republic.
nesu ‘I carry’ yedu ‘I drive’
ponese ‘He will carry’ ponesu ‘I will carry’
povedete ‘You (pl) will lead’ yede ‘He drives’
poplavu ‘I will swim’ nese ‘He carries’
priplavesh ‘You will swim here’ odnesou ‘They will carry away’
priyedou ‘They will drive here’ odplavete ‘You (pl.) will swim away’
odvedeme ‘We will lead away’ poplaveme ‘We will swim’
odyede ‘He will drive away’ prineseme ‘We will bring here’
poyede ‘He will drive’ prinese ‘He will bring here’
nesou ‘They carry’ odvedu ‘I will lead away’
plavou ‘They swim’ odnesesh ‘You carry away’
vedeme ‘We lead’
A. Identify the Czech morphemes which correspond to the following English translations:
Verbs Pronouns Tense, Location
carry: nes s I: u u here: prip
bring: nes he: e e away: odod
lead: ved we: eme e will: po
drive: yed you: esh h
swim: plavv you (pl.): ete e
they: ou
B. What is the order of these morphemes in Czech (in terms of verbs, pronouns, tense,
location)?
(b – pron
C. Provide Czech translations for the following English sentences:
Tense, location > verbs > pronouns
1. He will swim. poplave
2. They drive away. odyedou
3. You lead away. odvedesh
4. I will bring here. prinesu
